HomeMy WebLinkAbout8.2 Report on Bikeshare Programsr
DUBLIN
CALIFORNIA
DATE:
TO:
FROM:
SU B,ECT:
STAFF REPORT
CITY COUNCIL
May 7, 2024
Honorable Mayor and City Councilmembers
Linda Smith, City Manager
Agenda Item 8.2
Report on Bikeshare Programs
Prepared by: Pratyush Bhatia, Transportation and Operations Manager
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
The City Council will receive a report on bikeshare programs, and consideration of factors
impacting the feasibility of such a program in Dublin. This report provides a summary of various
shared mobility models and of lessons learned and requirements for success based on other
agencies that have implemented bikeshare.
STAFF RECOMMENDATION:
Receive the report.
FINANCIAL IMPACT:
There is no financial impact associated with receiving this report. Should the City Council request
the implementation of a bikeshare program, there will be a cost associated with implementation.
DESCRIPTION:
Under Item 9 of the September 5, 2023 meeting, the City Council directed Staff to bring back a
report on the feasibility of implementing an e-bike (or bikeshare) program in Dublin. Since then,
Staff has conducted research on shared mobility programs and collected feedback from staff from
various agencies that currently, or have in the past, implemented such programs, including the
cities of Fremont, Walnut Creek, and San Ramon, as well as Sonoma County, Bay Area Rapid
Transit (BART), the Municipal Transportation Commission (MTC), East Bay Regional Park District,
and Bike East Bay.
Page 1 of 7
1
Shared Mobility
A bicycle is an example of micromobility, defined in the 2023 Dublin Bicycle and Pedestrian Plan
as "Any small, low -speed, human or electric -powered transportation device, including bicycles,
scooters, electric -assist bicycles (e-bikes), electric scooters (e-scooters), and other small,
lightweight, wheeled conveyances." Shared micromobility (or shared mobility) provides users
with short-term access to transportation. Typically, users can access these vehicles on demand by
joining an organization or membership that maintains a vehicle fleet at various locations.
The use of shared mobility in Dublin is supported by the goals contained in certain plans adopted
by the City Council, including the General Plan, Dublin Bicycle and Pedestrian Plan, Dublin Local
Roadway Safety Plan, Parks and Recreation Master Plan, Climate Action Plan 2030 and Beyond,
Complete Streets Policy, as well as specific plans and streetscape plans. Table 1 below summaries
commonly used shared mobility service models.
Table 1: Shared Mobili
Service/Mode
Station -based
Bikeshare
Dockless
Bikeshare
Service Models
Description Example
Users may pick up and drop off a bicycle at a
fixed bicycle station (fixed dock) distributed
throughout the service zone. All trips must
start and end at a dock.
Station -based bikeshare has higher capital
cost and relies on a dense network of stations
and therefore may be less suitable for a
lower -density setting with fewer prominent
trip generators.
Users may pick up and drop off a bicycle at
any location within a predefined geographic
region.
Dockless bikeshare allows for flexible fleet
management and easy system expansion.
However, lack of existing parking facilities and
unpredictable usage may limit reliable access
to the system.
_1
BayWheels, Photo Credit: San
Francisco Bicycle Coalition
Spin Bikes, Photo Credit: HuffPost
Page 2 of 7
2
Service/Mode
Description Example
Hybrid
Bikeshare
This is a combination of station -based
bikeshare and dockless bikeshare. Users can
pick-up and drop off a bicycle at a fixed
bicycle station or at a dockless location within
a predefined geographic region.
Electric This model is like dockless bikeshare but uses
Scooter electric scooters instead of bicycles. Electric
Sharing scooters are typically a standing design.
Biketown, Portland Bikeshare, Photo
Credit: Bike Portland
Lime E-Scooter, Photo Credit: Lime
Other service models or programs that increase access to bicycles include:
• Bike Lending Libraries: Unlike traditional bike rental stores, bike libraries offer bikes for
short-term use for free or at very low cost and are often run by clubs, community groups,
or non-profit organizations. San Mateo County has operated a bike lending library since
2020 and is expanding the program based on its success.
• Bike Incentive or Rebate Programs: These provide point -of -sale voucher incentives for the
purchase of bicycles or e-bikes.
Research and Lessons from Other Cities
Staff conducted informational interviews with cities and regional agencies on bikeshare
implementation. The following is a summary of the information gathered.
• The shared mobility space is rapidly changing, and several agencies have experienced the
sudden abandonment of operators, such as Spin, BIRD, HOPR and Lime, from their cities
because of bankruptcy and other factors.
• Bikeshare vendors were not able to meet most service agreement requirements for
balancing or relocating used bicycles back to station areas as well as operating and
maintaining the bicycles.
• Bicycles left parked on sidewalks and near homes block accessible paths and pedestrian
space.
• Bicycles are taken on BART and distributed to other cities outside the bikeshare area.
• Bikeshare stations can conflict with vehicles and pedestrians.
Page 3 of 7
3
• There is a lack of regional collaboration on bikeshare programs.
• Grant funding or other subsidies may be needed for bikeshare to be profitable for the
private operators.
• Theft and vandalism can occur.
• Bikeshare programs with small fleets of 100 or fewer bicycles were not successful.
• E-bike challenges include personal injuries, equipment failures, and nationwide e-bike
recalls due to battery fires.
Interviews with peer staff at other cities and agencies indicated that a successful bikeshare
program would consider the following elements.
• Dedicated staff time is required for setting up program and for operations.
• Regional coordination and effort are required.
• Focus on high density areas with docked systems.
• Station locations need to be carefully considered to avoid conflict with other transportation
modes.
• High density cities and tourist destination cities, such as San Francisco and Oakland, have
generally had more successful programs than lower density cities.
• It is advisable to start with a pilot program concentrated in a small area and focus on
first/last mile trips to BART and recreational trips along trails.
San Ramon Shared Mobility Program
The City of San Ramon was one of the first participants in the Contra Costa Transportation
Authority's Mobility on Demand Program, with a e-bike and e-scooter sharing program. The San
Ramon shared mobility program was discontinued due to several issues:
• The program operator could not meet the three-hour rebalancing requirement.
• Sidewalk obstruction by parked bicycles or scooters left near homes resulted in citizen
complaints.
• Shared scooters were not beneficial as they could not be used on the Iron Horse Regional
Trail.
• A driver's license is required to use scooters, but underage scooter drivers often used
parent ID or accounts.
San Ramon staff indicated that a regional bikeshare program connecting BART and the Iron Horse
Regional Trail is needed for future success. They are currently exploring vendors for just e-
bikeshare that could utilize the Iron Horse Regional Trail (East Bay Regional Park District
regulations prohibit scooters on trails).
Page 4 of 7
4
Safety
As with any other vehicle, shared mobility vehicles can be unsafe if operated carelessly or
improperly. The US Consumer Product Safety Commission's (CPSC) September 2023 report
"Micromobility Products - Related Deaths, Injuries and Hazard Patterns 2017-2021,"1 presents
the latest available statistics on injuries with three micromobility devices: e-scooters (including
dockless/rental e-scooters), hoverboards, and e-bikes. The report shows that injuries associated
with all micromobility devices increased nearly 21 percent in 2022 from 2021. There have been
129 micromobility-related fatalities from 2017 to 2021. E-scooters account for 68 fatalities and e-
bikes account for 53 of the total fatalities. Hoverboards resulted in 8 fatalities. For context, the
City's collision data for the last six years from 2018 to 2024 shows 82 collisions involving bicycles
including 64 injury collisions and no fatalities.
Considerations for Bikeshare Implementation
Based on Staff's research, the following are considerations and requirements, if desired by the City
Council, to help implement a successful bikeshare program.
1. Legal Framework: Develop general provisions such as the basic legal framework to allow
shared bicycles to operate in Dublin. Modify existing Ordinances that may prohibit or not
be inconsistent with the legal framework.
2. Assembly Bill 371 requires that a city or county that authorizes a provider to operate
within its jurisdiction on or after January 1, 2021, shall adopt rules for the operation,
parking, and maintenance of shared mobility devices before a provider may offer any
shared mobility device for rent or use. This includes establishing permit regulations
including the following:
o Device requirements include specifications such as brakes, front/rear lights, type of
bicycle, and on -board GPS. It is critical for cities and operators to ensure that these
devices have safety equipment, are inspected, and maintained regularly, create safe
riding environments, and communicate safe riding practices with the public. Vehicle,
helmet, and user requirements can be considered for implementation to improve
shared mobility rider safety.
o Operating requirements, such as type of system, limits of service area, number of
bicycles and maintenance schedule. Geofencing or equivalent technology may be
required to prevent bicycles from entering restricted areas. Geofencing is a digital tool
that uses Global Positioning Service (GPS) or similar technology to create virtual
geographic boundaries that restrict shared mobility devices from operating in specific
areas and limit their speed.
o Parking requirements, such as maximum time acceptable for improperly parked
devices, station locations, enforcement including citations and impounding fees.
o Customer service and responsiveness including rebalancing requirements, such as
relocating bicycles to established station areas.
o Data sharing, reporting standards, and performance metrics including an application
program interface (API) to share real-time data and collision records.
1 Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), "MicromobilityProducts - Related Deaths, Injuries and Hazard Patterns 2017-2021';
httns: //www.cost.eov/s3fs-nublic/Micromobility-Products-Related-Deaths-Injuries-and-Hazard-Patterns-2017-2022.ndf
Page 5 of 7
5
o Education and outreach to educate users on state and local laws. Staff and operators
work to develop an education, safety, and awareness campaign to encourage more
people to use bicycles and teach them how to ride safely.
o Permit revocation requirements for instances where the permittee violates the terms of
the permit or there is a serious threat to public health or safety.
o Insurance and indemnification requirements, such as required insurance coverage.
3. Funding: Identify funding requirements, funding sources and dedicate funding and staffing
resources to support the program. Multiple city departments are involved in launching and
managing a shared mobility program including planning, contracting, procurement, public
works, maintenance, and enforcement. Staff costs include time for oversight, reviewing
permit applications, data analysis, operator coordination, field checks, and reporting. Other
costs include removing or impounding incorrectly placed devices, which requires city
vehicles that can retrieve devices and secure storage space on city property for impounded
devices; responding to community inquiries; and parking enforcement.
4. Staffing Resources: A program must include identifying and allocating appropriate staffing
resources to plan, implement, evaluate, and enforce program elements. Agencies that
implemented bikeshare programs have had to reprioritize staff work due to community
requests related to improper parking and other issues.
5. Regional Coordination: Coordinate with adjacent jurisdictions, the Dublin Unified School
District, private schools, East Bay Regional Park District, LAVTA, County Connection, and
BART, to establish rules and regulations around bikeshare operations within the City and
across jurisdictional boundaries.
Demand in Dublin
Demand for bikeshare in the City of Dublin is uncertain at this time. Outreach activities for
development of the Bicycle and Pedestrian Plan included a September 2020 online workshop and
a May 2021 tabling at the Farmers' Market. At both events, participants were surveyed about
several items, including a few questions related to shared mobility, however bike share and
scooter share were not the sole focus of the surveys.
At the May 2021 Farmers' Market, 100 people visited the outreach team table and 40 people took
a survey that included questions about pre- and post-COVID 19 pandemic modes of travel. Pre -
pandemic, three people said they use bike share, scooter share, or a personal scooter at least once
a week and another three said they use such travel modes between one and three days a month.
Post -pandemic the survey results were five and three, respectively.
At the September 2020 online workshop, of 23 people who responded, 10 responded as having
experience with bike share or scooter share on public streets and 18 responded they would like to
see bike share or scooter share in Dublin. On a later question, 72 percent of respondents self -
identified as either a "strong and fearless" bicyclist or an "enthused and confident" bicyclist. The
same percent responded they bike ride either "daily or nearly daily" or "a few times per week."
Summary
Staff's research for this report indicates key areas could potentially generate a volume of bicycle
demand. A program that was concentrated in a small area and focused on first/last mile trips to
BART and recreational trips along the Iron Horse Regional Trail may generate enough user
Page 6 of 7
6
demand. If the City Council desired to pursue bikeshare in Dublin, Staff would recommend
considering the following action items.
• Develop a legal framework to allow bikeshare.
• Identify available funding and staffing resources. Currently, the City does not have the
capacity to begin and support an effort of this nature. A re -prioritization of work would be
required internally.
• Upgrade the existing bicycle infrastructure per the Dublin Bicycle and Pedestrian Plan in
areas contemplated for bikeshare.
• Gauge partnership and sponsorship interest from transit operators, local businesses, and
non -profits.
• Gauge interest from flexible bikeshare vendors. The shared mobility space is rapidly
changing, and several agencies have experienced the sudden abandonment of operators
from their cities as a result of bankruptcy and other factors. Prior to investing time and
resources into other aspects of the program, it would be beneficial to release a request for
information (RFI) to understand the potential interest of vendors and operators.
• Identify supporting policies and/or incentives to encourage bikeshare.
• Develop an education, safety, and awareness campaign to encourage the use of bicycles and
instruct on how to ride micromobility devices safely.
• Consider and actively explore other models for providing access to bicycles, such as bike
lending libraries and e-bike incentive or rebate programs.
STRATEGIC PLAN INITIATIVE:
Strategy 3E: Continue to implement measures identified in the Climate Action Plan.
NOTICING REQUIREMENTS/PUBLIC OUTREACH:
The City Council Agenda was posted.
ATTACHMENTS:
None.
Page 7 of 7
7
Report on Bike Share
Programs
May 7, 2024
II
DUBLIN
CALIFORNIA
Background
• Staff directed to bring back a report on the
feasibility of implementing e-bike (or bikeshare)
program.
• Staff has conducted research and collected
feedback from staff from agencies with experience
including the cities of Fremont,Walnut Creek, San
Ramon, BART, MTC, East Bay Regional Park
District, and Bike East Bay.
9
What is Shared Mobility?
• Micromobility
— Any small, low -speed, human or electric -powered transportation device, including
bicycles, scooters, electric -assist bicycles (e-bikes), electric scooters (e-scooters),
and other small, lightweight, wheeled conveyances.
• Purpose
— Provides users with on demand short-term access to transportation.
— Requires joining an organization or membership that maintains a vehicle fleet at
various locations.
• Supports Goals adopted by the City Council
— General Plan, Dublin Bicycle and Pedestrian Plan,
— Climate Action Plan 2030 and Beyond
Shared Mobility Service Models
• Station -based Bikeshare (BayWheels, SF)
— Fixed station, higher capital cost, high density
• Dockless Bikeshare
— Any location in fixed area
— Geofencing to enforce parking locations
• Hybrid Bikeshare (Biketown in Portland)
— Fixed or dockless location
— Fee to park dockless or incentives
• Electric Scooter Sharing
— Dockless with electric scooters
• Other programs
— Bike Lending Libraries
— Bike Incentive or Rebate Programs
CALIFORNIA
BayWheels, Photo Credit: San
Francisco Bicycle Coalition
Spin Bikes, Photo Credit: HuffPost
Biketown, Portland Bikeshare, Photo
Credit: Bike Portland
Lime E-Scooter, Photo Credit: Lime
Research/Lessons Learned
• Shared mobility changing rapidly and operators
— Sudden abandonment & financial uncertainty
• Operators unable to meet service requirements
— Operation, maintenance, rebalancing requirements
• Bicycles block sidewalks & other accessible paths.
• Lack of regional collaboration
• Theft and vandalism
• Programs with small fleets did not work
• E-bikes: personal injuries, equipment failures and recalls
Source: https://chi.streetsblog.org/
Elements for Success
• Dedicated staff time
• Regional Coordination
• Focus on high density areas & docked systems
• Careful consideration of station locations
• Pilot program
BART and recreational trips
San Ramon Spared Mobi ity Program
• One of the first participants in CCTA's Mobility on
Demand Program
• Discontinued
— Operator and three-hour rebalancing requirement
— Sidewalk obstruction by parked bicycles
— Shared scooters not allowed on the Iron Horse Regional Trail
— A driver's license is required for scooters, but underage
scooter drivers often used parent ID or accounts
14
Safety
• Unsafe if careless or improper operation
• US Consumer Product Safety Commission September 2023
micromobility report
— Injuries increased 21 % - 2021 to 2022
— 129 fatalities in five years
• Dublin's collision data from 2018 to 2024
— 82 bicycle collisions
— 64 injury collisions and no fatalities
15
Bikeshare Implementation Considerations
• Develop Legal Framework
• AB 371 requirements
• Establish Permit Regulations
— Device Requirements
— Operating Requirements
— Parking
— Customer Service
— Data Sharing
— Education and Outreach (State and local laws)
• Funding requirements (sources)
• Staffing Resources
• Regional Coordination
Source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44212-022-00013-1
16
Demand in Dublin?
• Demand for bikeshare is uncertain
• Bicycle and Pedestrian Plan Outreach
— May 2021 Farmers' Market (5 out of 40)
—September 2020 Online Workshop (18 of 23)
• Most respondents bike daily or nearly daily
— Bikeshare was not the sole focus of surveys
Summary &Actions
• Focus on small area, BART and recreational trips
• If directed to proceed, Staff recommendations:
Develop legal framework
Identify available funding and staffing resources
Upgrade existing bicycle infrastructure
Partnership and sponsorship interest?
Interest from bikeshare vendors?
Release a request for information (RFI)
Identify supporting policies and incentives
Develop education, safety, and awareness campaign
Consider alternative models
May is National Bike Month!
• Events in Dublin
• Urban Cycling 101 Classes
- Day One, Classroom Workshop - Saturday, May I I , 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m., in the Bray Community
Room (100 Civic Plaza)
- Day Two, Road Class, Sunday, May 12, 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. - Dublin Civic Center Parking Lot (100 Civic
Plaza)
- Dublin's website for detailed information
https://dublin.ca.gov/CivicAlerts.aspx?AI D=4878
• Bike to Work or Wherever Day - Thursday, May 16, 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m.
— Energizer Stations at BART
• Bike to Market Day - Thursday, May 30, 4:00 p.m. — 8:00 p.m.
— Ride to Dublin Farmer's Market at Emerald Glen Park
• Subscribe to Information on Bike programs
— Notify Me Form at https://dublin.ca.gov/313/Bike-Pedestrian-Programs
• MpRIN • NAPA • SAN FRANCISCO • SAN MATEO • SANTA C
'40 WHEREVER DAYS
N
CC
® a
f4OVE &GEARS • 30
CELEBRATING 30 YEARS OF BTWD, EST. 1994
19
Bicycle Safety
Bicycles
• Wear a helmet
• Obey street signs, signals, and road markings
• Use hand signals when turning or stopping
• Watch for pedestrians
• Keep to the far -right side of the road
• Drive in the same direction as traffic
• Wear bright colors
Drivers
• Obey the speed limit
• Drivers turning right should look to the right and behind
20