HomeMy WebLinkAboutReso 196-05 GreenBuildGuidelines
RESOLUTION NO. 196 - 05
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL
OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN
.....**,,****
ADOPTING THE ALAMEDA COUNTY RESIDENTIAL GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
(FOR NEW HOME CONSTRUCTION, HOME REMODELING AND MULTIFAMILY)
AS A CITY REFERENCE DOCUMENT
WHEREAS, the City of Dublin 's (City) General Plan sets forth goals for preserving and
improving the City's natural and built environment, protecting the health of its residents and visitors, and
fostering its economy; and
WHEREAS, green building is a whole systems approach to the design, construction, and
operation of buildings, which employs materials and methods that promote natural resource conservation,
energy and water efficiency, and good indoor air quality; and
WHEREAS, green buildings benefit building industry professionals, residents and communities
by improving construction quality, increasing building durability, reducing utility, maintenance, water and
energy costs, creating healthier homes, and enhancing comfort and livability; and
WHEREAS, in recent years, green building design, construction, and operational techniques have
become increasingly widespread in California and the nation, with many homeowners, businesses, and
building professionals voluntarily seeking to incorporate green building techniques into their projects; and
WHEREAS, the Alameda County Waste Management Authority had developed a series of
voluntary b'llidelines designed specifically for the residential building industry for New Horne
Construction, Horne Remodeling and Multifamily ("Alameda County Residential Green Building
Guidelines") that provide helpful and valuable guidance for applying these techniques to residential
building projects; and
WHEREAS, the practices contained in these Alameda County Residential Green Building
Guidelines were selected for their viability in today's market and their ability to promote sustainable
buildings and communities; and
WHEREAS, a number of cities and counties throughout California have used these guidelines
and;
NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that private residential developers should be
encouraged to use green building design, construction and operation whenever feasible; and
Reso # 196416, Adopted 10/4/05, Item 8. I
Page 1 on
NOW THEREFORE, BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the City Council of the City of
Dublin does hereby adopt the Alameda County Residential Green Building Guidelines attached hereto as
EXHIBIT A, as they may be amended ITom time to time, as a City reference document and directs City
staff to explore incentives to encourage use of the Guidelines by private developers ofresidential
construction projects within the City.
PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 4th day of October, 2005.
A YES: Council members Hildenbrand, McCormick and Oravetz, and Mayor Lockhart
NOES: None
ABSENT: Vice Mayor Zika
ABSTAIN: None
A1::
\ \ t"(IN'Þ.)..r...J
- 4W~k
Reso #196-06, Adopted 10/4/05, Item 8.\
Pa/(C 2 of 2
HOME REMODELING
ii'll' nF1!'! th.'."'" I.~IL..,!E I' '" r.'.I. J'" ~I:.l ~,il.; I· N\.·.;. ~IiIHI.I¡ ¡MI.I ~' 'II ,,7": ,"""' Wi: II r\~.. i,~1I1I "11"11111:
.: *¡.¡¡ ¡lIim, l:i~Æ ",ii:, ~I¡ I( I ,J" I I, li~, tH, ;! ,.IJ' "",. ~ . "t ",,:: 'lie^.,.
tl~¡ Iii '¡We I,b" , 11 ,;J,iw I Ii. " .' . :,. I, bij f¡,!¡~ ",,".' &1",," Ilk,,' .....; '''''';~hl)
fila ,t\lamed3 Cmmty WiIEI!: Man~j¡m~e"1jAtI¡¡!I1rit'¡
& $o~I('O ¡¡f)¡JlI~HM anrj ff~çyclï!tg lIO¡Brd
The Alameda County Waste Management Authority
is a public joint-powers agency comprised of the
County of Alameda, each of the fourteen cities
within the county, and two sanitary districts that
also provide refuse collection services. The Authority
is governed by a Board of Directors made up of
elected officials, primarily mayors and city council
members, appointed by each member agency.
Funding is derived solely from waste disposal and
waste import mitigation fees collected at the
Altamont, Tri-Cities, and Vasco Road landfill
sites. The agency receives no general tax funds.
Together with its specialized arm - the Alameda
County Source Reduction and Recyding Board -
the Authority offers a wide range of programs in
the areas of public education, green building.
recycled product procurement, waste reduction,
market development and technical assistance.
Ackll(1wlerl¡¡;emúr¡lx
Special thanks to the following building professionals
for their commitment, input and direction in
developing these Guidelines:
n~'lfGI;;rm~rll (:;¡¡lmmIHJ'" 20n::i
Seth Melchert
Master Builders
Michael McCutcheon
McCutchean Construction Inc.
Dennis and Connie McCullah
Odin's Hammer
Mercedes Corbell
Mercedes Corbell Design & Architecture
Marc Richmond
Austin Energy
"wiQ~t TamIl
I\.iame¡¡~ Calm!)/' War,le i\JIt'nõge~I':flt Alllhnrity
K $omGÐ Ih1[I~DtíQ~ .1'111 !Ú!çy~I;II!( l),::'iII'u
777 Davis Street, Ste. 100
San Leandro, CA 94577
510.614.1699 tel
510.614.1698 fax
www.stopwaste.org
Contact: Meri Soli or Karen Kho
WI1r,!;':;WO¡)¡,mj\
57 Acorn Lane
Boulder, CO 80304
303.444.7044 tel
303.444.7013 fax
www.whatsworking.com
Contact: David Johnston
n¡"C':'¡"I~"'
The infÇJTfT1ati()fl provided in these Gaidelil1fJs should be CM{;ld8~ by
çr;:mtra~m, architects and other profession8ls, as well as owtlBß, In the
çwrse ~ cf~Îgning ffl1d con5iIur;ting mM' or modified structUre!;. They im!
provlçJf;!d a~ a public service by the Alameda County W~ Management
AuthQrity and Recycl;ng Board in an attempt' tð provide if!nvlrohrr?eI/tal
benefits 8nd reduœ costs. The Guidefin~ ate net ~ $rJbstlture fer the
exercise of sound judgi!Jm~"t in partk:uJar çirr;umstance5 and are not
íntendsd as reÇQn' mel Qatkms for ~rticul8f products or processes.
. Design ~ ~>: (!('¡. fj,·:::· :r:~: ~ C: i;: hV,~.. ~':l :'.,1 (: ..' í.Ji: r :, (., Yi, ~,,~ ,~. Pri nti ng: ,:. C"i';': '; ,',,',!' I ' .:: l' ,',.,.';:: :':'~i':! :' ;\,~ ::'¡; ';: I,~ 1\,'.;1',',' '~~J:;" ~,! ;ü\', :.Ie::'..:,': '::' ; ¡ I L"
January Z004
r!leB~ ~11i1.1!"I¡I!'¡'; 1m, d~¡>iZil>iI(i! ¡ij¡ ¡11'ch)z"í~11¡¡! cOl1trsctor~ ;;md ÎwmijQwllen;
The Guidelines offer:
. Cost-effective suggestions to minimize construction-related waste, create healthier
and more durable homes, reduce operating costs for homeowners and support
local manufacturers and suppliers of resource-efficient building materials.
, Methods to reduce the impacts of building in Alameda County communities;
including solid waste management, water conservation, energy efficiency and
resource conservation.
The practices contained in these Guidelines were selected for their viability in today's
market and their ability to promote sustainable building. Builders using this booklet
will differentiate themselves in the marketplace while protecting our environment.
The Guidelines were developed through a partnership among local developers, architects,
contractors, green building experts and staff of the Alameda County Waste Management'
Authority and Recycling Board.
~\z~w~,~,~" h~'Ρ'~'~¡"¡¡'¡:,)~Hfm
Construction and demolition debris comprise up to 30% of materials disposed in
California landfills. The Alameda County Waste Management Authority and Recycling
Board is working in partnership with the construction and building industry on ways to
reduce this waste stream. Through job site recycling, efficient use of materials, use of
recycled-content building materials and similar practices, the Green Building Guidelines
provide an effective tool to decrease the amount of materials that ends up in landfills.
Gnm~:¡H1t:1,i~m W:;,?;;;ii.~,) ~~m'H:~íl'<;JHnï 1n;m1 ~~ 2,fmn S;í(ft~îH~ FOú'I: N~\N !;"h~¡n!dJ)
Trash 20! ",,':101
TOTAL .1291 (OriS
,'::';:.';'"(."1':' l:./:'I',"'.::. ";'."1 (;-; ;nil' V~":·':~.';f~:': ,~".\'" ¡h',t;!';'!."" ,.:;. I :.:i'.":'¡/ ..,:':')~::: :~~ t\, (,I.i'C'¡¡'..;>',"/{ ,": i":'¡')t;'¡'í.?;:'~' i.i9Pr.,',;,i
¡' ~ ¡':- i ) \: ,'t ~ ~ I {/":'
I,'; ','U!"/(·\:;: '·j:'a3'h::'
n)' :';¡,:1,:'~'\';i:'¡·.' . r~n:'.l
, 4. SUMMARYiOF GREEN BUILOINGBENEFITS
4ô
5. GREEN REMODELING ILLUSTRATIONS
51
, 1':I,,!w Addition
'~_~co!lHlºQt
Bathro!>m "
Kitchen
._""'_"_~~ 52
,_ ,__,__~._,______~~t
,5Ei.
58,
. ..-::~.-.--~-~.~~"":'~_.:_.~.,_..:
GREEN BUILDING MATERIALSUSTING i
(supplementary insert)
, ..
Overview of Green Building
-
"
~
c
~
~
¡¡
This section gives an overview of the basic concepts and
elements of green building. Contractors can use the
Guidelines as a way to describe green building practices
and benefits - highlighting the unique expertise and
ser~icesthey êan provide to the homeowner~loiTle0'Nn(jrS .."
Com use the GuicJ~lines togaininformafion ongreen ,building
", ," ":' :' ,
option$ and t6,definèthè objectives of their project. '
5
-
~
~
u
~
"
"
"
~
z
Green building is just applied common sense. To demyô;tify the process and move forward
with your construction project, it is helpful to think of green building as the convergence
of three fundamental objectives:
Conserve natural resources
2 Increase energy efficiency
3 Improve indoor air quality
H d:':;¡·I'n I !'-:':::~~~.: ¡)Ufi;; e C()::~~¡,f.I~'I",'j:t ï~i: ~~
Conventional building practices COnsume large
quantities of wood, plastic, cardboard, paper,
water and ather natural resources that lead -,
unnecessarily - to their depletion.
~
~
~
o
~
~
~
,,'
~
~
ti
For example, wood is one of the most COmmOn
building materials. but is often used wastefully. We
have already harvested 95% of the nation's old-
growth forests - a trend that simply cannot continue.
Engineered lumber products such as wood I-joists.
woad fiber laminates and oriented strand board.
utilize fast growing farm trees as an alternative
to old-growth forests. These products çan use as
little as 50% of the wood fiber to perform the Same
structural functions and are typically stronger,
straighter and lighter than solid-sawn lumber.
:.~;
L
w
W
."::
~
Remodelers have a rapidly expanding range of
green building materials from which to choose,
Recycled-content decking, insulation. reclaimed
lumber and other products divert waste from
landfills, while providing quality and durability
that often exceed conventional materials. For
example, decking material made out of recycled
plastic resins mixed with wood waste fibers can
last up to five times longer than wood decks,
and never need to be treated or painted.
Water conservation is another important issue.
Wise water usage reduces the strain on resources
as well as lowers expenses. Today, remodelers
can take advantage of a new generation of high-
efficiency washers, dishwashers, and landscape
water management systems.
The San rrancisco Bay Area chapter of the National Association of the Remodeling Industry
(SFBA NARI), In coordination with the Alameda County Waste Management Authority, offers
a comprehensive certification class for California licensed building professionals. The
class consists of a four session çourse on how to apply green building methods and
materials in remodeling. Consumers can locate a Certified Green Building Professional at
www.sfbanarl.com. Building professionals interested in becoming certified can contact
NAR I at 415-982-9200 or visit their website at www.sfbanari.com.
::1":: .':":¡i ;¡:Jhf;:jH!':';'"
Energy efficiency is a cornerstone of any green
building project Generation and use of energy
",e major contributors to air pollution and global
climate change. Improving energy efficiency and
using renewable energy sources are effeçtive
ways to improve air quality and reduce the
impacts of global warming.
Improving energy efficiency is also an economi-
cally effective choice for consu mers. Lowering
utility expenses allows residents to enjoy the
financial benefits year after year.
The first step to increase energy efficiency is to
add insulation and weather stripping wherever
possible, install double-glazed/low·E windows and
upgrade to high-efficiency appliances. Other energy
upgrades/choices include installing soiar water
heaters, photovoltaic pan'els, and purchasing
"green power" generated from renewable SOurces
like the sun, wind and biomass (when available).
I f.ii} ;:;ï:::~' /,::1'
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) reports that the air in new homes can be ten
times more polluted than outdoor air. According to
the New England Journal of Medicine, 40% of chil-
dren will develop respiratory disease, in part, due to
the chemicals in their homes. Poor indoor air quality
is caused by the offgassing of chemicsls found in
many building materials as well as mold and mildew
that build up in homes due to poorly designed
and maintained heating and cooling systems.
One of the most common indoor pollutants is
formaldehyde, a suspected human carcinogen.
Kitchen cabinets, countertops, shelving and
furniture are typically rnode from particleboard
held together by formaldehyde-based adhesives.
The formaldehyde is released into the home for
years after tbese products have been installed.
Many paints and floor finishes also contain
unhealthy volatile organic compounds (VOC,).
That "new house smeli" is actually the odor of
these volatile compounds offgassing and Is a
telltale sign that there are harmful chemicals
In the indoor environment.
The building products industry has responded
to these indoor pollution problems by developing
alternative paint, finish, and adhesive products.
For example, solvent-free adhesives used in
flooring and countertops can eliminate many
of the suspected and known human carcinogens.
Paints, varnishes, and cleaners that don't utilize
volatile compounds are now commonly available
from most major manufacturers at costs compa-
rable to conventional products.
In addition to the growing number of readily
available and cost-effective green materials -
an increasing number of builders and remodelers
are also using natural building materials such
as straw·bale, rammed earth, adobe and cob.
While less common in their use, natural
building products have a positive impact on the
environment as they are renewable and abundant,
energy-efficient in production, transport and
use; non-poliuting; durable and long lasting.
-
i
c
~
~
õ
z
co
~
1"1
1'1'.
~
~
~
7
"
C,
C
\';)
CO
C
.;~
e,
ø
nfl
C'
::>:1
T
(~
~
111
"'
~
~
Q
\:'!
'"
C
"
Graduates of the NARI Certified Green Building Professional ciass have formed a new
trade group called the Green Remodelers Guiid. Their mission is to provide continuing
education in green building practices as well as a forum for discussion of green building
materials and methodologies. For more information, visit www.build-green.org.
-
There are many reasons to build green. These
include a concern for the environment, an interest
in building more efficiently, health considerations
or a desire to create an environmentally friendly
image for your business. By applying a sustainable
perspective to design, construction and remodeling,
green building brings the benefits of resource
conservation, energy savings and healthy living.
Each of the features listed in these Green Building
Guidelines benefit the environment by addressing
one or more of the following: resource conservation,
energy efficiency, indoor air quality,
The following is a list of green building features
that convey the benefits of building green:
~:;O~¡!'!1:1 Pq)I.hJGj::{::
~
:¡
'"
ð
o
~
-"
.,
W.
1;
r,
~
12
ø
I.L,I
"
=,
w
/.:..
:-::1
¡ ~¡
~~
9
Most green building products and materials were
developed to do something better than their conven-
tional counterpart. These products usually perform
better and are manufactured in an environmentally
sound manner, thus protecting and restoring our
natural resources. Consider using the following:
Recycled-content decking
~ FSC Certified wood
;,' Engineered lumber
" I nterior steel studs
" Solvent-free adhesives
., Natural linoleum flooring
,', Recycled-content ceramic tile
" Flyash in concrete
Bamboo flooring
¡Vi::} :"e i:¡ :F;~, :),( ::.1.,'1..-:'.'.; \I~i:~: i\i¡ (::¡ ::I,¡>: ;.\.:: :'~ ::: í:i P ¡"(i.;-.\ I,~t:::;;::
~
ø
Next to quality, durability and reduced maintenance
are very Important. There is never enough time to
do what needs to be done and home maintenance
is never high on the list of how to spend time
away from work, Consider using the following:
," Fiber-cement siding
" Recycled-content decking
, Exposed concrete flooring
Natural linoleum flooring
C"
W
"'
,,'
;".\
Recycled-content ceramic tile
Resource-efficient landscapes ~nd gardens
., 40 year roofing
e'j·¡':¡iw::f:~:' ~':i:;:',1 !;'I ,.::¡"ì:·<;:::: 1.1ï:.',;!' !;Innïà:: (1:: i:';:Î;,:,~:1
i:>:II::),h;::t ;:: :,;:~..: :" ,\:·v:" 1:;·)1,1,;;:
Comfort is wh~t drives high energy uSe. When it
gets hot, we turn on the air conditioning. By
increasing the insulation and providing for natural
cooling, the electricity demand can be reduced
with no compromise in occupant comfort.
Consider incorporating the following:
" Foundation/sl~b insulation
" Increased wall and ceiling insulation
II Spray cellulose insulation
, Advanced infiltration reduction practices
. Low-e wi ndows
II, Hydroniç heating
All ducts located in conditioned spaces
," Ceiling fans
., Whole house fans
" Passive solar heating
" Natural cooling
" EN ERGY STAR" appl iances
Attic ventilation systems
:~'¡¡,\::HI·I::::11 ¡:·:7CtÜ.;::~·,~'u.; ::¡:H,(i ¡"r;í¡:<ii:içf,I:;Ì Ft';t r:::lm~:~:I,I~;
What is more important than the health of our
children? The public health community has
identified homes as one of the most significant
threats to children's health, It is only common
sense to reduce the use of products that are
known to have health impacts. Consider offering
the following:
" Low/NoNOC paints
Natural linoleum in place of vinyl flooring
" Formaldehyde-free medium density
fiberboard (MDF)
" Solvent·free adhesives
" Water·borne wood finishes
, Clean ducts before occupancy
Exhaust fan in attached garages
Reçyçled·content fiberglass insulation with no
added formaldehyde
Seal,all particlebo~rd and MDF
Green Poi nts
-
"
'"
m
m
"
When remodeling, it is importaJltto lookcarefullyaf the
type of project and incorporate as many green features
as possible. The Green Points,is,a ratingsystern thathas
~
"
"
~
~
" ,"" ,'. ',':",
, ,,:! .,., :,
,been&veloped to offer, bUilding,þrbfessionals'¡¡hd
hOmeowners a tool to ass~ssh6\iVen\lironme~taIIY
friendlyor "green" a home is. Théitemstisted onthe Green
,Points represent a variety of gree~. bUildln~opportLmities,
"
" ': ,: ' " :' :; " " " , " ': ~
however; not all of them m,,¥ ¡¡PPly tÜyoLirprQject. Each
measure is assigned to a specificcategory--" ResQurces,
::" ',"::::' :':..' '
, , ' : " "",,',' ~, "
Energy and IAQlHealth - to, giveYQUanidea oLtne
., ': '::'. ," ::::", :1 '
imp<1ctÒf each measure. AlthoÜgh sOmeme<1suresmay
,. ' " 'I'~" '"
fit into more than onecategory,theyhæv~ beenassign~d"
to the category where they ,havetheg[~atest impact.
9
-
~
Q
~
'I;
,/1,
¡:¡
"'
~
"
Due to the diversity of remodeling project
types, assigning a "total points" value to "
project to be considered environmentally
friendly is not feasible. However, 25 measures
have been highlighted to signify that every
effort should be made to incorporate them into
your projects. These items have been chosen
based upon their impact on the environment
and the health of the home in coordination
with ease of implementation and relative low
cost. These measures can be used as a starti ng
point for "greening" your project. You can
download an electronic version of the Green
Points at www.stopwaste.org.
1,. r~ecyclo Job Site CorlslrudiGrl and Demulition WO sle
65% = 1 poinL; 75% = 2 points; BO% = II points
up to I Resotlrce pts.
4 ReSDl,lrçf:! ph::.
2. S~I\I'i!l.ge Reusable BIJildir1g M8te.rial
3. Remodel fç.r Mi>:ed Us€:. Adaptive I"{e\l$€. ana
Historic r'resCr"{<.1110rl
.IJ R~:>ourcé pts.
? Rp..'iQurce pts.
4. Praled Native Soil
5. Minimi~e r.Jisf(Jption oj .Exl~:!lng PI<j [~ ~)nd 'Ire(~~
6. Implement Con$!IlJcllo(' Silo 5lÚrrllW,ll0f Pri:.1r::tiG85
1 RÚ~l)ur(;Ð pt.
2 Rosuurce pis.
7. Protée;t Water Quality with Lanoscape De~.ign
B. Design Resollrce·'Effi~i~nt LalWscapes í.'!nj G:':Hcle.ns
;? R/;!~OlJrr,e r;lt~.
4 Resource pIs.
9. Reuse Materials/lJ';.!: Rp.r.ycl(!d"Con!,p.l"lt M.'; t~.rial.?
for LClndsr.ap~ Are:;¡s
2 RosúurCe phs.
(~
z
:J
1.1,1
Q
Q
~
0,
w
"
t';¡
I
~
"
.,
?~
W. InMa11 High·UtiC:8n~y Irrigation Systerns
11. Provide 1m On-Site Water Cõ!tchment I Retention
2 Resource pis.
2 Rp.!50lm::e ['It!).
!
Sulltot;¡ from till$: $:t:tt.lon
i!
.".
8. Foun~ation
1. Incorporate Re(~y(;IM FIYI:!~'.h It I Concrct~)
2;1% Fi~~(;yCW11"IYij~~1 :,,: 2 poirlb; Add 1 :)Oirtt lor every
lO'K) ir\(;r()ðsIJ ()I 'fIYiJsh. up tt) 5 points
up to 5 Resource p't~.
2. l)se f{~CY(;le(j"CIJI1L8nl AggrlJg¡¡té
3. In!:iul¡ l~ Foundation Befof!: Backfill
2 Resource pt~..
~~ t.11p.:,¡:;¡y I)ts,
~
S
c'
"
2:.
15
~
~.
t!
w
o
C'
Subtotal from this sBction
'-"'-j
C. Structural Frame
1. Sur/Mitute $üll(j S"wn L.urntJ8r with E.ngineered Lumbsl
3 Resource pts.
2, US~ I"~~c Celtified Wood lor Fl'alTling
(For every lm~~ of FSr. ILJlTlher used ",":2 points, up to 10)
up to 10 Re-:;úurce plS.
3. Use WOf!(i ..)() ~¡t~¡ fOr,fIOOr':ì f:)n(j Cr::i1irlgs
2 Resource pts.
4. Use Web noor Tf'lIS"~";
"2 Rf':!'.oIJrCe r.!ts.
5, D";g', '''''gy Ho"," oc Roc! """.,, 6" 1)1 Moo,
:2 [nc(gy pts.
ì. U~0. EI1r.lne(>.r~~G $:,urJ$ fOr' VtrticL,jI ^t)pll(;a1.IOI'I~
? H~?Ollrçe pt~,.
B. Use Reeycl0.(j-(;on¡0.nt $te·el Shi(1$ for Inter,l)f F"r~I'I1inf(
2 F/e!':.OlHC€ pts.
9. Use Structurallnsul;jtùc P'.mol~ (SIP~)
<.\. FloOr:::;
b.W<Jlls
c. Roof
] EMrgv pt~.
3 Energy pts.
:;! Energy pts.
4- r~(1~ûur'c(: pt~.
:) ResQlJrçp, pt.~.
10. Apply Adv<Jrlt~d F'rõlr'!lir~g TechniqLJl::!s
11. Use. Re.çl,flinW.{i t, IJrr1tJW f;>r' NOIl,$1rllnL.JI'(!1 ^ppliç,~tiOf1~i
12. U¡;~ .o~ß fOr SlJbl100r i:.11\d Sh~~¡'IUI¡I'Ir.
a. Subfloors
b, Sb8athing
R~suun.:e pl.
Resource pI.
Sublatsl from tI1is :>sctiol1
0"._.._.-
[-.....-'''..'1
L.._._._..
L___"._...i
D. Exterio, Finish
1. US(:J Susti:.lin¡¡ble D!:!cking Mat~~rials
a. Reçyçlf;(i..Contp.ot
b, FSC CMitlM Woùd
3 Rp.!'iowt"C~. p1;s.
:3 Ro~ollrce pts.
1lAQ/Health, pt.
IAQ/Hp,¡¡Ilth pt.
2. Use Treated Wood That Dop,~ Not, Contain ChmmilHTI or Arsenic
:). In!'.t;;¡1I House Wrap Under 5ldlnf,
4, lJS(~ Fiber,Ü;I'nen1 51d1Flr! M~lúri¡'jls
Re~()lIrG(,. nt,
Subtotal from thl~ $ectlon
f"-"
I
E. Plumh;ng
l. Inst,1i1 WaLür H~~l(!t Ji1r::ke! 1 E.J'1Crgy pt: :¡¡1W:~,:¡lli
2. Insulale Hut cHid Cold Water Pipes 2 Energy pt~.
'3, Re1(ofit all Faucets ,'¡n(j Sh(Jwùr'h{,.I,' d~ with f"Îow RclillC(~rî¡
<I. Faucets (l poir,t each, \Jp to 2 PQillt~) up tó 2 Resource pts.
b. ShDwr:!rt]p,;:¡d~ (l PQint, e(j(:h, up h) ~ poiflW up to 2 Ri;!!;iource pt~.
4. Replnf:e TOilets with Ultr¡1"Low·Flus.h Models
(l point each, up to.3 points) up to .3 nesource pt;::,
5, In51('111 Chlorine riltcr on S~ìûw!:!rM.:.1d~ llAQ/Health pt
b, Convert Störagi.' [0 'l',jr¡l(lúss Wð\èr HÚ<.1ll.>! 4 ~~f'1ergy pts.
7. Install Water Filtration Units at Faucets
(2 point!i f!8cll, up to <1. points) up to iI IAQ/Health pts.
S, In::.lall On-D8i'rlÓ1r'1d Hol' Water Circulöl'liöri Pump II R.asQur'ci:! plS.
S lbtIJtal'rgmtbi!.:!j:IHrtion :-'--'-,
F. Electr;cal
1. Insti.J11 C;)mpad Fluorescellt Light Bulbs (CFLs)
(fi bulb::.::? ;JOil1t~, 10 bulbs ::·,3 point!:>, 12 bulbs'~ 4 points)
2, InMaIlIC"I\T fìece$sed Ughtíng Fip;tures with CFL~
(1 pöi¡¡t ei:Jcrl. up to 5 points)
up to..:1. f.n~rgy I1ts,
up tó 5 Er~.argy pls.
~Jp to 4 f;.nergy pts.
3. Install L..lghring C(introls ( PQint p~r fixture. lJP to 4 ¡x¡il11.S)
4. Install Higlì Ullé;iúr)'.)· Ceiling ~'<¡rl~ with Cf:Ls
(,t :1oir'lt o¿!;:¡r.h, ur to 4. p!ìinr!;i)
lip to ..:1. Energy pt~.
SulUol!!1 from U1i$ $E!ction
-
~
"
~
~
~
"
:;:¡
"'
7
~
C
r
o
ii
"
'-
"
m
,-
2:
'"
'"
o
~
::c
o
"'
'"
~
'"
;0
"
¡~:
t:,
-
~
5
~
~
~
"
I, Ir1~t¿ 1I Energy $t,jr'"' ))i~,hw¡¡:::her
1 Fni':!r'2J1 ¡:¡t.
;; In~l¡¡1I Washing MJct)ir'l<::: with Waler 81"10
Erll2rgy CQn~e.rvÍ li(lr'l FeatufES
1 Enerp,y pL
J. Instlll Fl1ert¡V SlM': Retriger<.!tor
4. 1115MII ~uilt-,In Rer.yclin~ Gcntur
IlJIN!l:.V pi.
-3 Resource r¡t~,
$uh1111al from,lnls ,I¡",cthm
·-·"1
."."........... "., ""."...".....
H. Insulation
<·_"m
1. UPWiìde W,III and C,,~iling !1l~ìl~lali(\n to [xcl:J£!d Title 24 R~:q~;ile,')11;\IW;
i!. W~lIs 2 Enørgy pts.
I), Ceilings 2 Energy pis.
2. 11l~;\all Floor In~;I,d,:.¡lio( Ollf:!r C~awl Sp;:¡çe.
4 Enp.ŒY ¡H$..
3. Imiti.111 Recye:le.c!··Conter'iL. Fiberglass IIl::.ulatioll Wltt1
No'Addeo Fonr\í:iIJehyde
'Î. U'E'ie I\d""jlÎL;ad Infiltration Redljctlon Pr~(Jices
5. Use Cellulose Ins.I~I;;¡tion
a.W;:¡II::¡
b. C€;llIng~
3 IA('¡¡H~~lLh p15.
2 Energy pt>.
4 Resúurce pts.
I] Resource ¡;Its.
G. II1Mal1 Alt~'rnative Insul¡:¡tiorl M;?,tl1:ri<ll::; (Cotton, Spr::!y-FQ81 1)
a.WillI5
b. Ceilings
4 Re~ ol.lrœ pts.
4 ReSOUFct Jt::;.
51,11)tollll fromthl'lisoctiDn
rM~~1
."..."...."... ". .."...""".
I. Wintlows
,.",.",,,!
1. Install F.11el·ty',£ffic:ien'l' WinOQw!',
a. [JOlJblø-i='aned
b. Low-EmissiVity (Low-E)
c. I.ow CùndLlctiviiy Fram¡;:5
2. InWìll LlJW SHGC Windqw Filrn On Siflgls-G:¡¡zing
1 E'I1r.rr.y pt.
2 Enêrgy pts.
2 Energy 1t~;.
1 Ener!;:y pr.
Subtot31from1hls$ecll( n
1..,,,,",,.., !
'L:.:~~::
,.".
l..J
J. Healing. Ventilation antl AI! Conditioning
1. Use Duct Mastic on iJlI Duct Joint~
2. Install New Duclwork within Co,"ldaionûd Space
~ Energy p'ls.
3 Energy pl·s.
b':::!I::II:.~~
(~\
"
:¡
,,"
'"
n
~
";
~
~
~
c
.,
~
"
~
1..1
"
:::,
[)
:::)
"
~~
"
:=!. Vent f{¡Mlge Hood to the OlJbido
1 IAQlHealth pL
2 IAQlHealth rt~;,
4. Cleal1 nil Oucts before OCCUP::!I"J8Y
5. InÐtiill SolClr Attiç Fan
:?Ener2YWõ.
I. FI)~r~\' pt.
4 Enerp"y pt~.
6. In$[CJII Attic VË!I'I\il( 'tío~ S.I'~[8rns
7. Install Whole HOLl~ F(ln
-
8. I ¡'1'Hül I Sealf'.d Cornbu~lilJrl Furn;:¡r.e.~, ¡,¡nd Hot W,Hur He¡:¡ters
<I Furnaces
h. W(lttr t' IJ<Jh:rs
9, Heplace W¡:¡II-MC"luntM E.le.:::lric alld Ga~, HeM€!FS with
rh!T)~jp.h·thl.:J-W¡111 HF'.3t PIJITIP5
10 Ir~~:<jll 1:3 SEEH ~,nd 11 tLR or Higher AC with Txv
11. Irl',tall AC witl1 N(.Ir\·HCFC Refriger,'!nts
2 Rosollrce rt:;.
.J IAQlHealth pt;.
3 IAQ/Health rtf.!.
~
"'
~
~
'"
'-~
3 Energy pts,
~:ì f. nef?,\, r! I:;.
12. Inst¡:¡11 9()% Arinuðl Fuel Utili:l.~tiçn t.!llcim¡çy (AFUE) FL.ll"Il~)Çf;
13. Retrofit Wood Burning Fireplaœ,:;
Í!. In~l\.\11 EPA í:ertifiM WOOf.! :,llJve!;/insert~,
I) Instal:/Repl03(:f:~ Ufjrrlpers
c. Install Airti;¡b[ i:)oors on Firepl1!C;¡)~;
2 Energy pts.
lIAW~'Je,\llh pt.
I E.flergypt.
1 Energy pt.
1:) Inst(lll Hign Ltliciel1GY Filter
~6. IIl~t,~iI Hc\~t. ¡:¡~)(.~()·,rery Ventilat.ion Uni1. lHfN)
t 7 !(1$tall SOp<.lrt.lb3 G¡:Hage ExhBIJ!".t F';!1l
4 IAQ/H(,~;~lth Dt~.
5 IAQ/H!!,:¡ltl1 pts.
::3 fAQIH~(:Iltl~ ptÐ,
Snl:!tol.'ll frOlti Ihl$ $tciloil
r'"
K. ReneWable Energy and Roofing
1. Pre-Plumb 'for S( I(lI' W,Jter H(¡c ling
4 Energy ¡.Hs.
10 En~rgy pt:;.,
4. Energy pl~.
2. !n~t.:Ill Solar' W<.lt~!I· Heating
J. Pr8-Wire Iw Futuri:;'. Photo"o t~lc (r-'V) hlS'li:tlli:Jtiof1
1\. Inst:,ill PhotQ\lol1.alc (1-'1/) System
11.2 kw I·' 6 DO¡!II,s, 2.4 kw = 12 ro;nt~, 3.r:; kw.... H3 rJoir'1l:ò)
5. Select Safe and DlI(<:\I.)I{! Roofing Material~
6. InsW11 f':¡;jdiafil Bi!lrrier
up to 18 Energy pts.
1 RBSl1UI'ce pt.
:-3 Energy pt;,
$!JbloUlt frG01 tnls. ~etUo "
, ,
'---..--_!
C~]
, ,
L Natural Heating a",1 Coollllg
1. I(lC(lfPmate P,~!';:;ivp. Solar Heating
S Energy pts.
3 Energy ptr..
3 Energy [.Its.
Subtot::\11rO 11 this ! :~ctlo"
, ,
2. n~>Vjll Overhang:> or Awnings over SmJth F~lcinB Winrjüw~
3, Pliìnt De(;iduous Shade Tree~ on th~ West ,jnd South Sides
=:~:]
1,...,__""",1
.'
M, Indoor Air Quality and Finishes
Use L(¡w/Nö-VOC Paint
2. LJ5,~ Low VOC, WMer-B~!')M Wood ¡:'il1irõhús
3. lJ.,,!". 1"Qw/No-VOC AdM:sivE!s
4. U::>ù S<llvaged BuildinH Materials tor Inh¡ri0r' rï¡\i:õh
5. IJ~~ Fn.-¡illeered Shù\JL Goods with No Added Formal.j<:h.vdC
n. U~e exLúrlcr Gri!lde Plywood for Interior U$~$
7. Seal (III E.KP0S~d Pi!lrticleboard or MDF
1IAQIHt;."ltlll')t.
2 1^Q/H!.:~lth pi,s.
3 IAQ/H(:~Mlth pi!;.
:3 He~o1.lr'ce pt~J.
5 IA01Health pIs.
1 IAQJHealth pI
1\ IAQiHealth p1:s.
g Use Fsc COrlified Materials fQr In1:¡:'.rlol· Fini$t1
4 Resour(";e Dt~.
9. US(~ i:'mger-Jointed or Re(";yçl~cJ-Çol1tent fhm
10. III:;l<l1l Whole HQ~J~e V¡¡çlJlIm Sy&tØr11
1 Re!"'(J(Jrce pt,
3 IAGIIHealth I)L~.
Suutolal fromtflis :;adioll
.........!
..........!
N. Flooring
1, 5t)IÐL:l FSC Certitied W(>M Flool'lnh~
.i\. ¡nsr~1I N;;\ÎiJraIUnolt.::ui"n in Place of Vinyl
8 R~)~)i)I)rc(~ ()1~,
4- r~esour'(:û pl~.
4 f'~Û~OLlrG8 pls.
5 IAQlHealth pts.
2. U:õe Rapidly Rp.I1~wF:lble I; lúorllÎ~ Mi.\t\.!ri<'1Is
3. Use Reçyçlerl-CoDtt;I)(' C~r~rrliL: TilfdS
Ij. Use (),-,pos8d COrJ{::reh~ as Fini~hcd Floor
4 R~~Ollrc~ ¡)t~"
6 Inst¡:¡1I Rp.cyçleo-Content C!::Ir'put with Low VOCs
4 IìC~()lHC(' ~)l~¡.
Subtol¡:¡1 from thi:;; sB!:tiofl
....
TOTAL rfp.:~()lJrr,~$ Ellert\y IAl1IlfB.iH111
---..
Total AVõ7!jl.'ltJle Point:;
P( int~ AcUIt:ve(1
327
140
130
$7
c
-
'"
¡¡:
m
"
~
o
"
.,
~
;;1
~J
~
C,
2
~
~
p
o
~
"
c
G
~
c:
..'~
c,
",
"'1
o
'"
"
;:)
¡:;.¡
~
~
~
n
}~
~:i
-
~
~
"
~
w
~
~
..
~
o
I
~
~
~
~
"
~
~
m
14
::,
Green Building Methods and Materials
This section provides fllotè.dëtaileddescriptions of green
building practices, materiql ap¡)lita1ions, as well as the
associateden\t;ifonmeqgJlbi'wefitS. Th8itëms are ordered by
. ,." " .''','', '."
"., ,'"", .",
,..,. ',,"'"
~ase ofimplemël1tatiÒn as well as co.stéffettiveness
ffi
w
œ
~
:·::::1 ;;;'::i,h ,«, 'i::,;':'·1.1
;:! :~'i'i ¡~:II>~' h": i ì 111,; I ¡ ,,:\.
".'~~~~'"'"'n".'.'.,"",. . .._,.___..___,_.__
D!~script,ion;
Con~truçtion waste generally consists
of wood, drywall, metals, concrete,
dirt and cardboard - material$ that
can be reused or recycled if prepared
properly, Each year OVEr 300,000
tons of construction ar1d demolition
debris is disposed of at Alam~d.
County landfills.
~"'~W~'~WM'~"U,'~~~'M'"'M
AµPlic¡]tiQfl~
Identify the types and quantities
of materials generated at the job
site and recycle at least 50% of
the construction/demolition
debris, Contact local recyel ing
facilities and haulers to identify
terms ¡¡:¡nd conditions required for
recycling materials, Ai locate space
for recycling bins and containers.
Call the Alameda County Recycling
Hotline 1.877 'sTOPWASTE for
more information.
~_."...~._~~~".~~-~~~
8f!r1efít:
Recycling reduces pressure on land-
fills, saves money by reducing tipping
fee5, and provides raw rnaterial5 for
future building products.
;[('1:::"""
L ¡II
::¡i):;:'1:í}¡i;.:>il;
__...n.~~..".~_~"==,~,",,,"," . n n.,_,.,_.n,..._n__
Description:
Various building materials can be
"Ivaged and reused, suell as floor-
Ing, doors and windows, tubs and
sinks, cabinets) fixture5, etc.
·~·~'~"~"~'""M~.....'....'n..._....._...._...n.n'_____
Applic~tion;
When remodeling, consider salvage
and deconstruction, by selectively
and carehJlly removing materials
for reuse. Then~ ~rc a number of
licensed contractors that offer
dismantling services to salvage
materials for reuse. Many firms are
rlon-profit, and will provide itemized
donation receipts, Usable items
can also be dropped off at used
building material stores, Refer to
the Green Building Materials Listing.
~~...~-""..~..
!:3em!fit:
Salvaging reusable building materials
decreases disposal costs, saves
natural resources and increases
landfill capacity, Donations can be
tax deductible,
;:~, H(!~j'¡:¡:(~d'¡:i¡ ¡'Ii':: M~~t~:~¡}!
HI!:::.J:~i,Ç" .~~;I:(! H,¡li,tnti{~.
P~·;I~ :i¡ ~,\ ~,\q::;: :': Ü r::
.~.._'""~~.=,,~~"
Description~
Reusing existing buildings is one
of the most straightforward ways to
COnserve rcsources. Older buildings
typicaliy feature high-quality materials
in the structure, doors, windows,
and finishes. When working with
historic buildings, remodelers
should also review the Department
of the I nterior Standards for
Historic Preservation.
'~~__'~.~"""""'~",'N ."".",~.,_~~~
Appllr;;¡¡tir:H1!
Many high quality materi.ls found
in older structures can be left in
place or reused, Large timbers,
beams, columns, and trusses can
be r"graded and certified for use in
structural applications.
~._'_.n___._._".n_'_'__~,._._.."~_._~.._.,,~.
Bel~étlt:
The reuse of older buildings conserves
resources, diverts demolition waste
from landfills, and preserves neigh-
borhood cha.racter.
<,iil/,I/..\ d/' ::i::I::\/(' Sj iI
[JescriDtiol1~
Typically, a building site is cleared
of vegetation and tile topsoil is
removed, After buiiding, wd is laid
on subsoil, beginning a cycle of high
water and chemical dependency.
Ideally, oonstruction i$ coordinated
with a landscape professional to
protect the soil. which is a valuable,
living reSource.
-
~
~
m
m
"
œ
<=
"
c
Z
~
"
"I
;'5
"
~
~,~~&~.~"~~~ Ii!'!'
'"
i';
m
~
;;
~
~
Application:
Design for minimum building &
hardscape footprints and little or
no grading. Retain native vegetation.
Delineate and limit the construction
footprint; restrict heavy equipment
that compacts soil, Încluding cars,
to areas that will be paved orbuilt
over, When grading is unavoidable,
identify areas to be paved as a
place to store native topsoil during
construction, Amend soil with
compost and re-spread topsoil
after c:on~tructicn.
Benefitl
"
~
m
"
œ
ç:;,
9-
,
"
G,
,-
Preserving native soils, along with
nurturing the health of disturbed
soils, can significantly reduce
storm runoff, reduce fertilizer
and pesticide requirements,
improve water quality and conserve
ìrrigatìon water.
~
,.,
c
e,
'"
::J
~
~
Q
~.
~
"
"
"
'"
:¿
,,;
-
~
"
i
~
~
c
~
~
z
9
5
..
z
w
W
Œ
~
<0
::;
,,'
0
0
.-
w
"
,"
-<
I::;
I
~
" 1
,-
",
1.1.'
~
G 2
~:i
~ 3
z
9 4
~
'"
...
I"
'"
~
~ 5
6
.:!I'"
;;,",,;ï
::i :;\;ii q ì : :,¡ ):'" '1,1 : :;! t¡ i: ~'; ':: ,~:,i :',:1: :.1::¡
?)?::'.:-j:,; ;-;:::::! "" ,,¡,,;-,,,,
---,.~,--,-,._-".~.
__.__.___._.___..u___
_·__~"_'·""__""·',·,'·'_~"'m'm''''~mw_"w,~,·'~',~_w.~~~~~
Bef\¡,! it:
^pplication:
Complete a land5cape survey to
determine the fea5ibility af pre,en¡·
ing or relocating IT1ðtlJre trees and
shrub$. Fence tree~ and shrubs for
protection from equipment.
Prc5erving existing, mature landscape
features helps prevent soil erosion,
maíntaìns existing sources of natural
cooling (e.g. shade from a mature
tree), diverts waste from landfills,
and keeps the unique character of
the community.
~,~,=="'"
Dt:!$L:rípt,ioll"
......,..-...-.....-.-----
Through cmeful planning and
construction practices, valuable
trees and plants tan be preserved
in existing deveiopment' and
neighborl1Oods.
,I
~\" ,
":yi
LLJ
7
Perrneable paving on driveway 8 Plant, selected to nlatch H Drip irrigation for vegetable
and walkway to front door the rnicrocl ¡mates beds, 5hrlJ~JSr treÜ5 and
Water from roof channeied to 9 Irrig¡:¡tion CQntroller waters elsewhere where feasibie_
r~inbarrel, hydrazones accoruing to 15 Hoised beds are constructed
Water for wlidllfe habitat. plant needs. soil moisture from pl¡:¡slic !.')r (::ornpo$ite
l.,¡::¡wn in front replaced with éH1d we1:ìther lumber
low wat.er use native 10 Deciduous trees placed to 16 Compos! bir1 n:cycle5 plant
groundcovers.. the we$t & ,outhwest of the and kitel1en debris
Paví.~rs with spaGes and ¡ow house & patio 'for summer 17 Evergreen windbreak blocks
water use plar\t~; between, cool ing north winkr wind5
DiversE! plantllìgs with many II Repository for leaves tD Cöll~çt 18 Trees not topped but pruned
Californii;:! native groundcovers, under trees as mulch prr¡periy
shrubs and trees, but nö 12 MIJÎChcd paths keep soil 19 Small lawrl in b.\:lckyard where
ìnvasive species covered famiiy will lIse it
All piante given the space to 13 AIi plants grouped loy waier 20 Infegr.ted pest m.nogement
grow to their natural 5i.z~ needs into hydrozones Llsed 'for controlling weeds,
insect and disP.<:ïse pcs.ts
rL r:::,; ";:::: ;r; ¡iCi'¡ ~::; ¡"·Ü:
,;~;)'n~;·\:f¡'lil{)U;1' ¡: "':1,, \\'1";;:'
~~,-,~,.~,.
f)~=:;çript.iQn:
Stormwater runoff is part of a natural
hydrologio proce». However, land
development and construçtíon
activities can significantly .Iter
natural drainage patterns and
pollute storrnwater runoff.
~~~~~'"~,~~'"~~..~
Application:
Identify all storm drains, drainage
swales and creeks located near the
constructiQn site, and make sure all
5ubcOritrac::tors are aware of their
locations to prevent pollutants from
entering them. Train employees not
to dump anything down storm
drains, Protect all storm drain inlets
using filter fabric cloth to prevent
sediments from entering the storm
drainage system during construction
activities, Keep materials out of the
rain, and prevent runoff pollution
at the source. Store hõ<ardous
waste in drums and covered bins
and contract a company to dispose
of it properly,
B;it:'-'~~~~~-~---'·_-~·_~~'~-·
Properly managing a gallon of water
on site saves money in avoided
engineeríng costs downstream.
Keeping pollutants out of the
PF,!rm!:;!Bhle P¡Wf:!rr:;
storm drains minimizes erosion
and water pOllution and protects
local creeks~ reservoirs and the
Bay. For more information, visit
www.cleanwaterprogram.com or
call 888/BAYWISE.
~;:;'ï.':'h':>~:: ¡ \N,::;:(:~n ";Ily¡th
~W~"""~"W~"~"
[)~5c:ripti()n;
Designing landscapes to allow
irrigation and stormwater to soak
into the soil recharges groundwater
systems and filters out pollutants.
Apr1içç¡tion:
Use permeable paving, which allows
water to percolate into the soil, for
walkways! patios, and driveways.
Install like conventional pavers,
Design infiltration basins, swales
and berms to keep water on site,
~~---~_..__.__.,~.",-~="~,,',~&~~
Ber\€!fil:
Allowíng stormw~ter percolation
reduces the vol,"ne of polluted
water that flow, into rivers or tho
Bay, whHe replenishing soil moisture
and local aqlJifers, Additional benefits
include reductìon in írrigation
requireme.nts, non-50urc:~ pOllution
as well as lower risk of flooding.
fL fi\~'~\~i;H;,r,n Hr;')r~,(J:;¡¡'"(~~ ,LfI'ÌI'.~ <m~
lfHï:{~-rI~~npf;::; I:: \1:; G;¡ '::i;~~n
Description:
Conventional landscapes have high
inputs of water and chemicals and
are often overplanted or planted
without regard for climate and soil
conditionS. This results in excess
water and fuol consumption, water
pollution and waste generation.
Applitatiörl:
Specify plants that are appropriate
for the climate and soil: ,elect
slow-growing, drought tolerant,
preferably Cal iforn ia native
plants, Design with perennials
ìnstead of annuals; choose and
Compost is nature's way of recycling. Turn fruit. vegetable and yard trimmings into a first
rate soii conditioner. Use compost to replace store-bought soil conditioners. Compost adds
nutrients and beneficial microbes to soil, improves soil fertility and reduces watering
needs. Composting saves money by lowering garbage bills, increases the ability of soil to
hold water, improves soil health, and helps extend the life of our landfills Contact the
Alameda County Rotline 51O.444.S0IL for more i'nformation and discounts on
com post bins.
"\¡\\,'·",\!'\""\,\¡\i:,C',,"'''·:.,'.'
,'!'U.,W.',"",'M\!\!W.,W\!\!C, \!\!\!''',¡",,",,'''''!!\!\!,¡,,'\
-
~
~
m
m
,
ro
~
1:
~
~
"
~
o
~
~
~
~
m
~
~
¡;
"
'"
~
~
ro
~
co
~
Z
~
!:;,\
C
t
¡;,
~
g
'"
C:
Ii:
,.
~
§
"
~
'2
"
nil
,0, .
-
~
~
ffi
.,
"
"
l!
"
¡;¡
"
"
z
9
"
"
z
w
w
'"
"
:: !'::'
'1··\
I>": :)!:'''I I'~:~'y;:'~¡hli (':' ":;;"1: ~:~),i)r ,~,IHj ~i,~~::I:fL¡":,~e 1,'\1 ,:;'.:1
In the Bay Area, how you care for your garden - from applying fertilizer to planting a lawn
- affects the Bay. Bay-Friendly Gardening meanS simplifying garden care, preventing and
reusing plant waste, and using as few resources as possible. Bay-Friendly Gardening
builds healthy soils, reduces waste and protects local ecosystems by working with nature.
Start with Some simple steps such as leaving your clippings on the lawn, composting
your plant trimmings and planting native species in your garden. For a copy of the Bay-
. Friendly Gardening how-to guide, call the compost information hotline - 51O-444-S0IL
or visit www.stopwaste,org.
site trees to reduce building
heating and cooling energy. Give
plants plenty of room tQ mature,
reducing the need for pruning,
Avoìd invasive species and hedges
that require constant shearing,
Limit turf to the $mallest area
that will meet recreational needs,
Recycle yard trimmings by grass-
cycling, mulching and composting.
B;;""ñéTi~·"~~~~--~~-'·'·'~
Sustainable land$cõpe techniques are
in harmony with the local environment
and help conserve water, reduce use
of chemicals, create healthier soil
and plants, and increase biD-diversity
in landscape areas.
n" ::;;(~ i.WI":'~, :\l:,:Jtedé\ ) :~dl3'l',:,h
~~(¡(,~yd~~)~,i'-Cnnh;:I:I,'\" iM;:::({¡,-¡ ¡!i¡::~ Ú'11
:.:j: ¡'\,~:):\:: t::P& Þ.L¡'f;:Z::;:
D-;Scriptiò~~~~~·M~~.~---~._--'_.-
~'¡
~
"
~
¡:.)
t:J
,.
'"
~
;.:.',
"
"'
"
,~
'"
~
~
w
9
'0
~
f,;,
~
G
Pla,tic or composite lumber makes
a very durable landscape edging,
broken concrete can make a very
attractive retaining wall or path,
and ground glass cullet can be
used for walkways,
:i
'"
'"
'"
~
"
·"'·'~"_·'W'~'~'''~~==U~~M.=~.~
Appl:r:atiofl:
Use salvaged or recycled-content
materials for hardse;ape::. (patios,
deck<. walkways and driveways)
and other land5cape $tructures.
"'~,~,,,...__.~.._._.......,-~~--
Benefit
The durability of plastic or composite
lumber i5 greater than wood as
they do n01 rot, crack or splinter.
Salvaging Or buying recycled-Œntent
land'caping products conserves
natural resources and strengthens
rnarkeh for recycled materials.
i':':::!...:¡i: ¡.¡
U:)k:¡1]1n!,':v
:¡'i'iO, ;'/::ï;*:rr:;¡:
D~~~triptitJT1:
New irrigation technologies apply
water to the soil at the plant root
zones at the rate the soil can
absorb it, signifiCanfly reducing
water waste from overspray.
,~."~~,,=,""='m='"'"w~~.~,.~~~
AppliGðtioft¡
Install low-flow drip, 5ub-$urface
drip, or low-flow sprinkler$ in place
of standard sprinkler systems for
all landscape application., Base
watering levels on moi5ture sensors
\I" \I',''''''.'' , ,,', " ,"' ......, ,~"""
Or weather based controllers, Use
captured rainwater. Group plants
by water requirements.
_w'·.·,,·~'·w~~w~~'nM'"'"~.._._,_..~__._._,.____.______
Benefit:
High-efficiency irrigation 5y5tems
dramatically reduce land$cape water
use, and are critical to preventing
disease & minimizing weed growth,
1 L F'rn'iI';~Jf.1' ::"i.i1 (:¡ï",::n'I~~ '¡)i:- L;:¡
Ga'¡<:h¡~';(I'Ht / ::¡};!~jl·I¡i!.if;;r:
~~~,=u~,,~_.
~_._~"-~~
m~~çrirtiQn:
Rainwater i$ chõnneled through
gutters and dcwn.pouts to an above
ground ci5tern or underground
gravel dry well. Stored water is
used for landscape irrigation.
_"'·."'''''_w.'"...~w__~
App!itó:ltiün:
I nstall wherever there is guttered
roof runoff and room for the ci5tern.
-~~..~~~~-=~
t3enetH.:
Water catchment reduce' the need
to u.e treated, drinkable water for
watering of lawns and gardens.
'I ::¡ I~ (,¡ ~ï,~;¡:;';:~t\":~
. :¡~..'.i.i ';'.:..i') (1'1 {;':-::m:;¡,: i;·~U:f'
-~~,.,-,~~~~~,~~,=
¡)f!~cript.ion:
Flyash is a byproduct of coal
burning power plants a"d can be
an inexpensive substitute for"
portion of portland cement used in
concrete.
Appliç¡:¡tion:
Typically, 15-50% of cement can be
replaced with flyash i" residential
concrete mixes, however, in5taller5
should know that it has slightly
different curing characteristics
than standard concrete.
~~-
Benefit:
Flyash increases the strength and
durability of the concrete. Using
flyash also reduces the amount of
cement needed, thereby decreasing
the overall environmental impacts
of cement production.
"f
I,,: ':::: 1" ",,;"i,;:'; ::"~ ~ ':,,,C,;,1 i ~!:' i::::'j t,
"'~~=~w,==~,~,~~~='U~"=~~'"~~.~~~
Df.:!::;uipl'ion:
Concreto and rubble can be
crushed and used tor backfiil and
drainage purposes at the base of
foundatio"s,
~~,..~_.-
Appljcation~
Use recycled materials for backfilL
_~__~w
Bene.fit:
Using recycled instead of virgin
materials saves money and natural
resources.
::;, In;:'i::i¡i::'~'~!: FfJ;:'Jf;¡J( :(::;n
b~á(¡¡I"<~ Hhî~)il¡:¡l¡
----
Desc.ription:
All foundations, inciuding slab
floors, can be insulated to minimize
heat IOS5.
"
~
"'
"'
-~-~~~.~.~,.~~~~~,~~~~~" ~
Applìtation: 00
~
In.ulat. foundation with extruded
polystyre". in.ulation at at Ica5t
R-4 (I" Or greater).
_.~~~.~~~~.__.,'-,_._--""
Benefit:
Insulating the foundation minimi,..
heat loss from the floors and
basement! reduces energy loss
and theretore reduces utility bills,
-
6
"
"
'"
!:¡
"
"
"
~
~
~
~
"'
~
"
~
:;)
"
"'
~1
2
~
¡:;:
?
"
"j
Co
\:¡
'"
!:
rr.
~
z;
0;
"
9.
f,ï
~
is
o
~
¡õ'¡
-
~
«
~
"
..
~
o
"
'"
.'
w
~
"
"
~
~
~
m
"
w
w
~
~
I"",¡
I':,
~ :~;~;:~'): li':'I.1h,~ ::,:r:'::¡::) ~:)'¡':,:1\1/:':; :1,,1:::'-:':"
luh:'!~ F:
():n;:n ¡,,~JHlt;¡':) i'
u,'~~"'_._____,_~~~~~^.~,_~_,._,_
Description:
Solid sawn lumber in sizes of 2xlO
or greater typicall.y comes from old-
growth forests. Engineered lumber
products, on the other hand, come
from small-diameter and fast growing
plôr1tation trees. These products
include glue lams, laminated veneer
lUmber. wood I-joists, oriented
strand board, parallel strand lumber,
and other manufactured wood fiber
struch"al materials.
-_.~-~,.~
Applic;i:Jti~m:
Engineered lumber should be used
whenever structural members ¡¡:Ire
replaced. They substitute for 2xlO
and 2x12 in most interior applica-
tion$ such as the structural framing
of 'Floors, walls and roofs.
~,=,~."..~~~.
Benefit:
¿
"
1,.1
"
"
CO
,,'
Reducing demand for large dimen-
sional lumber decreas.es pressure
to cut down old-growth fore.ts.
Engineered lumber uses wood fiber
more effíciently than convention¡¡¡1
lumber, resulting in stronger and
higher quality homes.
..,
~
c
"
,.
"
c,
~
I,;
?'
..,
~
::;
"
~:J.
2j
e
~
'1.\
'"
,.
~
~!¡
Fore~t Stewardship Council
The FSC logo On a product provides
COn5umers with an aSSurance that
the wood they use comes from forests
managed in an environrnentally
and socially responsible manner.
;;~ Ut'\~ ¡ '~:~~',i::,:\1
Ç'I:i:~~H'¡; ii
h,'):
L: I):;': H {I,::/,'.: I}\.!,¡) : ~,)
~,~..,~.._--_.__._.
D~s(;riPtiorl:
FSC certification .>Sures that the
forest from which the wood is
produced is m,maged in an
environmentally and socially
responsible manner.
=,~,~~~,~,%^",.~.~~~--
Applìc.:!It.iorl:
Us. FSC wood whenever new
wood framing is required. Certified
framing material$ and plywood are
available at many local suppliers.
Refer to the Green B\Jilding
Materials Listing,
"w,,~~~~._,._______,._____,.,'_,.,_.,.._._..
f:3enefit:
FSC certification guarantee. that
forests are managed in a way that
will assure the long-term availability
of precious woods while protecting
old-growth forests,
_C·'::i2
,. .,." ."
'" ,
' , '~'" ¡AI"
,~, ¡j¡;{i
Smart Wood and Scientific
Certification Series
The," groups verify that forest
management is accomplished
according to the FSC program.
\< iJ~;',:~1 '/¡~':)I::~:: ::·j,\)i:::¡::
'i,I';';<¡ :¡:: ¡ I.".~ t: I ~1· .¡; ,j i Iii: I: ~ ,!i
------'-,.,.~~'"~._-~--
Do~(;ripllúrl:
Wood I"joists are engineered to use
only the wood fiber nece..ary for
the structural functiQn required.
They typically use oriented strand
board IOS8) for the web and either
iaminated veneer lumber or $olid
sawn iumber for the chords Itop
and bottom pieces).
~~~~~,
Ap¡:¡liC:::i:!tíon:
Replace solid sawn lumber with
wood I-joists for floor and ceiling
joists. Often they can be used at
19.2" center> to Save material.
Specify wood I joists with M DI
resin whenever possible.
Bel1etit~
Wood I-joists use 50% le$s wood
fiber to perform the same structural
function as similar sÎzed solid
sawn lumber and will never twist,
warp or split. They are stronger and
lighter than 2xlO or 2x12 and can
span greater distônce., MDI resin
reduces the amount of formaldehyde
used in the adhesive and improves
indoor air quality,
I-Joist:!1 use 50% ¡t!::;~:; WOoí'J Fibt:!f than
solid ~;aWII lumb¡;r,
· U;.t \\-:'::i'i
¡,::;~\d!<:
___.."·,..,_...·_"'_''''~'''~,w'=w,w,w'''',w~~"~~,
De5criptiùn:
Web floor trusses l;se solid wood or
laminated veneer lumber top and
bottom chords that are connected
by wood or steel webbing for
structural integrity.
~=,~~~~~""=~~~~~~-'"~,~""
Applic;ation:
Use primarily ior long-span floor joists.
~~,..~_..
B~nefit:
Web trusses eliminate waste since
they are made to order, They reduce
the pressure on old growth forests
by replacing 2xlO5 and 2x12$
traditionally used for floor joists.
::¡. ;,¡ 1:: \' ~Xl: H¡:;,e h: rm i['L',H:;f
I ' '.':, :"i (:: ,,~;:n (; ,ì ¡\:j 'ii':: ;.
.""~.~"~~~-~-~-~-~----_.
ù~stript¡on:
Energy heels raise the height of
the truss at exterior wall top plates
to accommodate increased insula-
tion at the perimeter of the house.
_._--_._~.__._,.,'._._--~~---,~".~
Applic¡)tiorl:
Install where conventional trusses
are used for an addition, An energy
heei needs to be spec ified when
ordering roof trusses. The increased
height may require modifications
to exterior soffit and trim details:
--,-_.~".,~,~~=~._,~~..._,..__.._...
8eni;'.fit:
The perimeter intersection between
walls and roof framing is often an
area of increased heat 1055 5ince
conventional trusses reduce in~wla-
tion to le5$ than the required depth.
Raising the heel. allows for full
ins.ulation around the hous.e, saving
energy dollars,
l,.:., ¡}:':il:';):':r:
i/;.:'~ n¡{~.:~ i
, ," ,"" .. ,
i:11::i;:i":I'Ö ·;~ì.',"in:·( ï ';:
~~..~-_._..._-
Descrirtion:
Finger-jointed studs use ,hort
pieces of 2x4 or 2x6 material
glued together to form standard
stud lengths,
~~~~~'.'W~W~
AppliCi'JtiOri:
Us. finger-jointed studs (graded
equivalent to fuli dimensional
stud." 1997 USC Standard,
Chapter> 23 and 35) wherever
convention.1 studs are typically used,
in vertical applications. Use of finger-
jointed studs may require code
approval by your local juri.didion,
and may need to be submitted to
the $tructural engineer of record
for approval.
Bencf(t:
Finger-jointed .tuds reduce the use
of 501 id sawn wood .tuds. They are
>traight., and stronger than solid
sawn studs, eliminating crooked
walls and reducing material waste.
Stç¡nd¡ud Heel Height .
le!5s than 4" for a
4112 pitch
[mum. .
Energy Heel
--------------.-.-.--.-.-,....-
Lill2rgy HF.el~ Of] 'TrlJssp.s Allnw MCJrp. Insulatioll
I,:: ~'\ ~'!
':!.U;;¡:I~': b;:¡::
<' ",;::: ;/~
-.-.-,--,-..--....-...-,-.---
D(!~,crip1ion:
Engineered studs ar~ ¡amjnate~,
like aSB and plywood, that are used
in vertical .tructural application..
--_._--'-_._-_._~-~~--~-'--
Applk:.élt.i¡,¡(¡:
Use for interior or exterior wall
applications except where pro-
hibited by seismic codes. They
are particularly appropriate for tall
cathedral wall applications,
8en~fit~
Engineered studs are straighter
than conventional studs and will
not deform, twist, split or warp.
They save wood by using small
laminated pieces.
ventil¡¡tion oç¡ffle
'~
"
"
""
compressed
insulation
In thi~ area
-
"
~
~
z
'"
"
¡;;
"
"
~
~
"
¡;¡
,.,
~
~
m
~
~
~
m
"
~
"
2
Q
"
~
2
"
;;¡
"
'"
c
,
'"
v'
"
~
:J::
"
"
~
~
§
"
'"
7
"
""'\
):
-
~
..
ffi
~
..
¡j
"
~
"
..
"i
5
m
z
w
w
~
"
f;:. I.i:',:"e
i ::: ~~ ~ '
, '''''\:,::<>¡,¡id,)l':ï
:~l, 'I: : !."i ~,. : ì ï": '::.' :;:'H ~), t ,',
__·_,.._~,~,,,~w,,,,.." . __..,.".,_"."___.__~_'__~,.
Dcs-crlpl'ltJn:
Steel studs can be either stand-
alone or provide a "c" channel over
wood stud pieces. Steel contains
up to 95% recycled-cont.nt. Steel
contains high recycled-content,
which typically increases in
proportion to the steel', thickness.
__'·~'~~m~~.~~___
Appliç¡:¡tion:
For lJ5e in interior walls.
~-........~._"~""'.,,"~~~.=.~."~~.,.._-,-~~
8¡~nefib
Steel reduces the need for wood
and provides strong interior w¡:¡lls,
Steel Sluds
~
0;
I,..
w
"
~
w
(!:
w
"
u
I
~
f/
''i. U«:;t~ .:;i,(:,H :':':n;¡' il'<;~i :',':~Ol;!
ii:"I'~,nr~¡::~¡ (Si('\;;:
_.·_~,w~'''~.,~_.,'_..._._.,.,_.._.__._..___._._.=~_
Descriptirm:
SIPs are high-perform.nc_, load-
bearing panels that consist of a core
of foam in<ulation with ass on either
side. SIPS Can be used for floor5,
walls and roof< in residential build-
ings. They are generally R-4 per inch,
,"
,1.1
~
~
"
:5
"
~
-
~
1.1,1
~: :
"'
~
-~~'"'""-~--"-~,~~,~,~~.,.,"'."".,~
AppJiçation:
Use SIP. for structural exterior
walls and roofs in place of stick
framing. SIPs can be designed to
meet seismic Zone 4 requirements.
Note: It's important to seal the joints
well, to avoid water perletratíon.
=~~~M'~·_·_·__·__·,...._.._,~.==~,~,,,W~",'
Benefit:
SIPs are mare energy-efficient, provide
excellent soundproofing and reduce
infiltration relative to frame construc-
tion. They Can be erected quickly,
allawing for faster construction, TI1ey
$ave wood by eliminating much of
the conventional framing lumber.
Cúr"1st.ructiün u::;ing SlP5
)!O" A~::p,IY' PA\'.:,H¡~';f:r¡ ffi::
T N:ÇH~'¡ ¡i~ I..j ~'~~
Descriptiún:
Advanced framing involves u5ing
wood to it$ maximum structural
potential. For a comprehensive
overview, vi5it www.nrdc.org.
~~"~'".~-,--_.._-_.,..~.~~"'"~"'
Application:
Advanced framing includes, fr.ming
exterior and interior walls 241' on center,
2 stud corners, ladder blocking at wall
partitions, stacking trusses Over studs
.nd other wood saving str.tegi..,
-----_..~,~~~_.,,'''"~--_.__._----.
BenMil:
Advanced framing save5 up to 20%
on wood and framing labor costs and
makes the home more energy efficient
by allowing for a higher percenbge
of the wall to be insulated, reducing
frame conduction heat loss.
¡ '\, i...1:·:'"j-:
I,',''''
,.<,/
. :-:'(\.< ~,! ;,,~¡ ,;::i i, """, !\'I i
h: ;.; ~ I:;" ~: i ¡ : ;. ::: !' Ii: .:', I
~="~""""'~,,.,_...
. _~_'_,·'.·~_·~~'W"
Dp.;,(.ription:
High quality dimensional lumber in
long lengths .can often be s.lvaged
from old buildings th.t ar. being
deconstruded or salvaged,
~-----,~~,-~
Application:
Use reclaimed lumber for non-
structural applications, in place of
new material. For structural applica-
tions, look for reclaimed lumber
that is engineer"stamped, and graded.
___·~~w_.~"~"".,.
!:!~)r1et'Jt:
Reclaimed lumber from decon-
structed buildings reduc.. resource
consumption and landfill deposits.
Reclaimed lumber i$ often of higher
quality than new lumber,
'I:' :):::J;~ nnl8-;'¡'1(~:( Srr;H~~:¡ Ul.'pHd
:[I~¡I~~ ~~U' ~~I,I¡,fll:¡ar i1nd
'~~'~=..~."M.
.n~_~
DE:!scriptiQn:
ass i. manufactured from fast
growíng farm trees. aSB comes. in
sheet. and Is used for sheathing
and subfloors,
_·_~~'m'~~~=""M='~"."....'.,.
Application:
Use ass as an alternative ta plywood
for sheathing ar subfloa,",
·_~·~~"'=U~~M~"'..~'.,." ......."........___
Benefit:
ass is as strong as traditional
plywood sheet materi.1 and i. less
expensive, ass reduces the need
for large diameter old-growth trees
required for plywood, Some aSB
use. lower formaldehyde content
adhesíves which contribute to i;I
healthier indoor air quality.
i , ,1 '~ ,; : ,"~, : ': !'I ;'''.' ~ I, t: '. ;
¡' i:~ .;:; \,0." ":"" '
,iI, "~;:, ;', ,,':::: I~'; r í ¡ ¡:;': : ': '~; ~":' I.': ! '; :
~,~,,~____,.,._.._, ··""==w,,m,w'w
D!~~l:riptifJn:
There are two types of recycled-
content decking, pla<tic lumber
and composite lumber. Recycled
plastic lumber contains Qnly
recycled plastié re5ins, while
composite lumber is made by
combining recycled wood fiber and
recycled plastic re.ins that are
then formed into deck boards,
~~_.,'",~-
----"._-'--,.".~-~".'--~,.
Applicat.ion:
Use recycled-content decking in
all non-structural deck applications.
Both prod uCÌ5 ca n be used in
place of old"growth redwood.
cedar and pressure treated pine.
These products accept Screws and
nails, and cut like wood. Follow
m;;¡nufacturer recommendations
closely regarding the amount of
expansion that will occur when
using pla5tlc lumber.
8;it~~--'·_'-·-~"'.~.'.~'~.~"~'. 'm"._....~,,~'"
The durability of these materials is
greater than wood, providing cost
sayings to the homeowner over
the life of the products, They will
not rot, crack or splinter, do not
require staining and are not treat€:d
with potentially toxic chemical..
Using recycled-content decking
also reduces pre5~¡ilJre on old-
growth forests.
H:::cycled-Cnf1tf'!nt Decking
n, I"i)íl::~',t :~,¡;'l::i;!;:~'.1:ï:;
¡:i':::¡C:; G;~:I,:'U¡'i'i:;¡J V}!':::I,HI
G{¡~Hli:,i;
6e'f:¿r¡pt¡õ;-----·-·,~,,·w,,~,w.~w~'~
Certified, sustainably harve.ted
lumber comes. from forests
managed in an environmentally
and socJally responsible manner.
Applicðtion;
Use FSC Certified lumber for all
exterior decking applications or
as structural d¡;;ck members in
conjunction with recycled·content
decki ng,
___='~=m~'
Benefjt~
FSC certification guarantees that
fore5ts are managed in a way that
will a55ure the long-term availability
of preCÎous woods wh i Ie pre5ervì ng
old-growth forests,
:/' :U%{:: 71',::'i:'.l:I\,:'i",1 ":y/'"
., ;'1 ~X: ~;:!'iC~,
N{t\· C:);:'!,::',:,:;~I\
¡'\., ~,',,,, ','. ."
',,'1,,1'."
1."\\
:\, \ír.~"Hr
l;~:;' fie
;':,~ "I 'It ii' j i I
,." I ~; \?: '::
~~,=~~~.~,..,-~".__...__.
lJ~!~¡;:fiDtiíJl1:
Alkaline Copper Quaternary (ACQ)
(commonly sold as ACQ Preserve)
and Copper Boron Azole (CBA)
(commonly sold as Wolman Natural
Select) are alternative treated woods
that do not contain chromium - a
heavy metal - and arsenic. which
are detrimental to human heaith,
-
~
~
m
m
~
~
~
G
"
..
~
~
o
¡¡
~
"
Aµpl¡c-;,;~~~~'m='='~'m"='_'M~~ ~
~
Iñ
Use non-chromium/arsenic treated
wood for any application that specifies
treated lumber including decking,
fencing, and site furnishings.
~~~~.,m,~"~_,.,..____,__~_._
8enefit~
ACQ and CBA US" copper as its
main component, and is a healthier
alternative to lumber tre"ted with
chromium and arsenic, particu-
larly for children who play on or
near decks.
"
~
m
co
2
ro
C
º
"
"
"'
'0
is
P.
z
m
"
~
"
'"
~
o
;¡:
'"
~
"
"
~
",
c
.
"
'"
,,':\ ,::¡,
-
:;(';'~'¡:;:,¡;f 1",:.:;1;,: ":>'~. ;//::~:IP :j¡':;:,:I:::~"
~,,=~~~,._~,.~
i,Ln <:',( ','>"1'::::-- ¡.,^
;\,ii :";::' ,,;'j,!:'
D\,_,c;rirtioll:
-,_._"..."-,-,.,..,~,.,,.~.._,_.. ..__..._."._~.._._-~ .. -,_.,-~..".,=.",,,,,~=~,,,~=~~==
Des(;(iptior1:
~
~
~
~
~
~
c
o
~
~
"
~
"
~
"
~
~
w
w
~
"
House wrap protects the sheathing
from moisture and allows vapor
from inside to escape and provides
an effective air infiltration barrier.
-~.,.,~~,~~~~.^.~.,~,~.=
Applici:ltiQn:
I n.tall house wrap accordi ng to
manufacturer specifications over
all sheathing before exterior fini5h
i. installed. To provide an effective
dr¡¡:¡ínage. plane for water, it needs
to be lapped and edges should be
¡"ped with manufacturer's tape,
and ali fiashing elements deep to
be properly installed in shingle
fashion, Special products have
been developed for wrapping
wi ndow and door openings and for
stucco applications.
~~~~,.,,'~"^"'"'~=
~2
:J
1.,1
'"
o
"
w
~
:ð.
~
I
i2
l:!enMit:
House wrap provide, a continuous
drainage plane that divert. water
away from the ,tud cavity and
provides an effective air infiltrotion
barrier. It can also help reduce
moisture build up in stud cavities
by allowing water vapor to migrate
through the mate"al.
",
w
<
:""'j
'"
c
5
~
~
g
~
~
,.,
w
:r-
e'
Fiber-cement siding is composed
of cement, sand and cel!uIO$e
fibers, It is currently available
available in s~lingle>. plank$ Or
4x8, 4x9, Or 4xlO ,heets. It i.
usually textured to look like wood
siding or stucco finish.
~~~~_.,'~--=~~"--
Appllr.:;¡)Liol\:
Replace conventional wood siding or
stucco finisl1e< with fiber-cement
siding, This product can be cut with
a carbide-tipped <aw blade, 'napper
she"r$ Or with a guillotine cutter. Dust
protection and control.... required
when cutting with a circular saw,
wm~~"='~,="=~~"~~~~~"
Bf:!nefit;
Fiber-cement siding is more
durable than wood, termite resistant,
noncombustible and warranted to
la.t 50 years. Using fiber-cement
sidi ng reduces the demand for
old·growth redwood or cedar siding,
It may also reduce homeowner's
insurance rates due to fire resistanc.e.
F-ïb~r-C€:!r!1(~rrt Siding
:~., i :V;t;';¡ ~ ~ '¡It!';-.: ¡,i;';' j),'!i ;,;;;[;¡, r ,];) ',~: ~Ü:A,
-----'-,..="~"'~-_..__..,_.,..._-,-----,--_..-
Description:
Wiiiter heater jacket in5uli¡:!tion is an
in5ulated wrapper that goes around the
hot water tank and i. secured in place.
'_""'~"~W~'~"~
Application:
Install on existing hot water heaters.
For new water heaters, make sure
that installation will not void warranty.
~"---~-'-'-"'~~'~
Rf'!ne:fit:
Jacket insulation reduce, heat loss
by about 10% and more on older
water heaters.
;,;.. ¡n~~,~,1i:xJ.H ¡~'h,~'1 ,~U\r:i
f>: :',~.; ·\~11h.1~1Í;!
De::'(;riptí~·:
Insulating water pipes ,educes
heat loss or gain in the pipe5 while
the water is standing,
~_~"~w.~'"~___.._
Aµplk¡.¡tiQn~
Insulate hot water pipes in all 'un.
through unconditioned space',
basements, crawl 5paces, attics.
etc. At a minimum, in.ulate both
hot and cold pipes at least 6 feet
from the hot water heater to prevent
convective circulation from the heater
through the pipes,
~u==='m=.".."..~".."..__,__.__..__________
Bellefit:
I nsu lated pipe$ 5aVe energy and
water. Th. water does not need to
run as long to get hot water to a
ddant faucet, tllereby reducing
hot water heating costs.
J. nevnf:::.. ;¡!:: r'\':¡LI:',~('¡~')':í ßP':.]
~:\t~¡:'~~Pt~l"J".¡i.ji: d;i. i/;:ii:;¡ fluN !~»d(i"~,~[:~<~¡
--~.."'~,~'''~=="'"'"~'"..,,~~~~~-~
l)e!>çription;
Flow reducers fit into the aerator at
the tip of the foucet and reduce
the rate of woter flow through the
faucet. Low-flow showerheads
replace standard 5howerhe.ds.
~~"~",..,""'..,_..,,...".~,~._~.._~~~---
Application:
Specify low-flow wôter conservation
device, açoord i ng to East Bay
Municipal Utility District's
(EBMUD) recommendations,
· Kitchen faucets" 2.0 gpm
· Bathroom faucets" 1.5 gpm
· Showerheads " 2,5 gpm
Limit showerheads to one fixture
per 5hower
~.~~.-
B(!ne'fit:
Flow reducers Cé:\n cut water usage
of faucets and showers by as much
as 40% with little noticeable effect.
"'
.. "Ii::: ':,\~ \, ~ii h:::
:UE:;1"U~"/;; n~'.):d" ¡\,I:':~,}i;J~i~::i
~~~~w~~~~".,_~_,____ .....~_
De::;triptiorl:
New high-efficiency toilets use 1.6
gpf (gallons per flush) or les$, Some
manufacturers offer dual flush toilet.
Applicòtion:
Whenever po>si ble, replace
existing toilets with a new 1.6 gpf
- or less - models. Seled a toilet
from EBMUD (www.ebmud.com)
pre-tested list to en5ure the model
actually uses no mo,e than 1.6 gpf
and performs well.
_._~-~-~
Benefit:
Ultra-Law-Flush toilets reduce the
amount of water u..ge,
y~. 1f1::~'l:i1n Gh¡·jì6I'iil;: Fi\U:~:'
(¡ f1 S. ¡.~, o.Vil' i;~ ¡,j'j ~¡'~ ¡j;~':':~;
DesçriptiQn:
Water filters on showerheads
reduce chemicals and particulates
from the water stream.
...~,,--~....~~
Appliç¡¡¡tion:
Instali the water filter between the
pipe and the existing .howerhead.
~~~~,-~_._-~~~
Benefit
Chlorine i, ab50rbed 6 time. faster
through the skin than through the
digestive system. It hõs been shown
thõt chlorine absorption can have
adverse health effects on some
people and especially children.
-
"
~
z
.
~
r
~
>
~
~
¡
~
~
~
~
m
~
~
F
~
C,'
.
"
"
œ
C
r
~
~
c,
c
ð
P.
z
'"
~
o
~
I
o
:;:0:
'"
~
1"1
§
"
~
::2
p
-
¡~)I :;'\
~\, C\l::; 11'>: \
W >',~~\lli hi',~'>,
i'/,:,:\I/:: ·')U.');:,d';,:f:';
> I,;¡:- ':""1 : ;;::/",'/':(1: i::':~:'i'y,:..ìd~\ (::~~;¡,.;:s
g::: ~"\:'llil :'U~'
:';'1 ¡:';ut:::U :"';'::1' ;:j:"~'; <:'i¡t1 j'¡~:,.I: V;F.d:l::~
':j:'¡'.'r'::,(:::':'.1',:,1 :::Î !::'U:
",-'-'-_.,-""~~,~~%,~,""'~--~=~,~ ~"'"','-,.._----_._----_.,- ..~,~_._.."--,..-,~."~ ~"~·"~_____'_'''''·'_~~M~~~_~_,._
Oe8cription: Df:!5Cription; DescriPtion;
~
~
~
"
w
~
~
~
o
c
~
~
w
"
"
"
¡;
"'
¡;
~
"
w
w
~
"'
Tankle,> water heaters (flash or on-
demand heaters) heat wôter as needed
rather than having a tank in which
110t Water is stored. Their cap¡:¡city to
provide hot water is virtually unlimited.
=='~._--~"~~=~~"-------~
Application:
Install tankless water heater as close
to the pOint of use as possible. The
device 'hould have a variable-set
thermostat and be appropriately
si,ed. G.. tankless water heaters
typically have more capacity than
electric tankless heater>,
_~·_·__.w,,"==~~~___._._..,__.~
Benefit.:
Typical storage water heaters lose
t5% of their energy through standing
tank losses. where.. tank less Ileaters
use energy only for immediate hot
wi?Iter needs. Tankles5 water heaters
often are quicker and more reliable.
Water filtration unit. can be installed
under counter at individual fixtures
or for the whole house. Tiley reduce
chlorine and many other chemicals!
particulates and mjçroorganísms.
~,~"'".,~~,.,'~.,~,-",.,----,.._--_._----~~~~~
Application:
Whole house filter5 are for drinking
water and plumbing (not for hosebibs
or toilets). In,tall filtration system
between the cold water line and
the main drinking water faucets in
the house.
~,m'''~~._~__._.,.,____.__..,..~~,_~,
Benefit:
Agricultural r"n-oft, chemical leaching
and microorganisms increas.ingly
contaminate public water system5
oeros> the country, House filtration
.ystems reduce the health threat of
th~se contaminants.,
An on-dernand hot water circulation
pump can send hot water to fixture.
in seconds.; without wasting water
while waiting for it to get hot It uses
a pump to ropidly move water from a
water heater to fixtures, It stops when
water reache~ a pre-set temperature.
..,~-_._--~.~
Application.
Install the pump at the furthest faucet
from the water heater. Only one pump
is needed to supply hot water to any
fixture and can easily be installed.
Benefit.:
Both water and energy are saved
.ince water doesn't have to b.
wa5ted untii it reaches the correct
temperature for USe. Hot water
arrives' to the fixture 5 times faster
than on average.
Oil-Demand Walel Circulation Pump
~
~
"
o
"
"'
~
w
::.i:
o
'"
~
2
ø
".1
"
:J
~
[,
::1
t!J
~
"
-'
~
m
"
u,
W
~!..~
"
=::-1==:::::,
~
'~: rl
l~Lj
-- ~_.
W¡:lter Heater
Cold
~',~ .~
'~;:;;,;¡
,.
Hot
"On-demand" Switcll
~
,
I
~¿ ~~
"··_,·=.·--~i
"'1~
C_~__~>
___..n.............
:,::;!,:i: ,,'.
:::, ';.J Fh ~ lì:ì't::'} ;':,;i;';~n~·
"
,~H 1
i}¡,;:;!':
,"'i::I¡"",
, \'",,',\.,j'J
_·_.._·__""·".w~"~'=~~w=~,~=~~~
DcscriptiOlj:
CFLs screw in like conventional
bulbs but consume up to one-
fourth of the electricity used by
incandescent bulbs to produce an
equivalent amount of light.
~~,~~·~~,=wm~~~~~~_.~,_~~
ApplicMtion;
Install CFLs In place of standard
incandescenf bulbs. Choose a CFL
that is one-fourth the wattage of
the incandescent bulb.
-,~,~~"~.'.,,",~.',,.~.~~,~.
R~n€,!fit:
Compact fluorescent bulbs are a
profitable investment, saving
several times their purchase price
fhrough reduced electricity bills
ar1d fewer replacemenf bulbs
bee au," they last eight times longer.
?" J ::,;:':i'.:,-:': i, !:, '~::;!: ~ ::í,~\ í,;~.\' n Cz m p;:¡ti tI ~~):
:\::1""'1"; :;::f:"i~I"::";1 j(::H'f:~i1;;~I~~11
¡::¡:i:tjji'8;'¡ V¡¡;~t n(l!;-~fJ\'H;t:
Fhjcm;.'<,I:;:lk¡:i' i:;¡:::n,,~,:,
~~,w,"~'"~
~-~_._-
1J~!;içript¡OIl;
Conventional IC recessed fixtures
are not energy efficient because they
use incandescent bulbs and they
allow the "chimney effect" to occur,
in which the heat of the bulb and
fixture naturally draws the room's
conditioned air up through the fixture's
hole. and exhausts it into the attic
or ceiling/floor cavity. IC-AT fixtures
are sealed, eliminating this effect
and also aliowing for insulation to
be blown on fop to keep tho heat in.
",·,__..,~~,_,_____,,,···__·,_·_,___,__..,__...,·,_·.,w..w,~"~~~~
Applicat.iolî:
Use IC-AT fixtures with CFLs
wherever reçe:.:;sed cans are specified,
____.''_.._.'~___,__·~"_'w·~·"..~'''~=="m~'==''
8erldlt:
Typical recessed fixtures are not
energy efficient because they use
incandescent lamps¡ generate signif-
icant heat! and allow conditioned
air ta Infiltrate out of the hou$e.
IC-AT fixtures elimin.t. the air
leakage, while compact fluore.cent
lamps shy cool and u~e less ~nergy.
], ¡~):StJ:¡ U,pJ1
Cf\I'!,\I'nJ':¡
_._-------~~~~~.~~~~,~"-""~
Description:
Lighting controls use dimmers,
sensors and timer5 to turn lights
off in unu~ed areas or during times
when lighting is not needed.
-_._'~~,-~,-,-~~,_.,"~~".^
Applici:HÎQIl:
Install lighting controls either at
specific locations or as a whole
hause system, Lighfing controls "re
especially applicabie for exterior
uses. Dimmable CFLs are available
at a premium.
W""~~~~"~~~~~'"'~~"~
Benefit:
Lighting controls reduce energy
lIse by having the lights on far
shorter periods of time,
"::'_ Ju:ï'I'\Î;!; CH¡f:~;em::11
~:,:; :;':; ',11":'::::; cn,~
D;~t';¡¡)t;()ñ:·~~
Ceiling fans improve interior
comfort by circulating cold and
warm air, They can be adjusted
to either draw warm air upward
during summer months or push
it downward during the winter.
Appliç¡;¡tion:
Preferable locations are bedrooms
and living rooms where occupants
spend time, Ceiling fans must be
supported adequately between
ceiling jDist~.
..--------
Benefit:
Ceiling fans can reduce the need
for air conditioning.
ENERGY STAW" qualified compact fluor¡i!$c¡;;nt
lighting lasts up to eight times longer than incandes.-
cent líghting. Save $22 to $65 in energy costs over
th~¡ Ijf~~ of ¡1 (~OlYlp(Jc.:t fhJom3(~f;!l)t bulb, Youl repl;;¡:;e
an incandescent eight times to match thB life
expectancy of a síng!e compact fluorescent.
How do you choose the right compact
flu(Jre5cent bulb? The following is a
8en~~ral gui'h~ to assist YOu:
Propo..d ENERGY STAR·
Compact FluDrescent Bulb
11 - 15 watts.
16·, 20 watts
23 - 4() w'U$
'''·'''·'m''..'='m=''.'m''''w~,"
Existil1i Im:andes:cent tamp
40 ~ 60 watts
7h watts
90 - lOa walts
I""
\,,"" ""\1\<"""",\"""",.".,,,,\ """I""",""" "'W""~"'"':·','"\lr""
5(1!!(e(!~ ~1WW.Pb't~.\~(lr(:
""'" '''''''''' """",^
'''''"""",>'''NH''''''''''''',''''
Savìngs over the
lif. 01 the bulb
$22 - $3~)
$43 +
$52 +
"n'\Oo1'''''','~n''''''',w
-
~
~
m
m
Z
ro
C
~
~
~
"
~
o
¡¡
..
"
>;
m
~
"
~
ç,
~
",
z
"'
ç
~
,.
"
"
S
r.::;
,..
C
~
"
.;:¡
~
:r:
g
~
~
"
?
5
~
'"
"
"
-
'I'''",·,,;
If,','"
"il
:""'1
':: '~;,! r"': :C;-!':~hW i',~:;';:: n:
'''"".m____.__.__
. . ~·"""'m"w~='=,=~~=.,"'"'~.~~
[)~s(:ription:
ENERGY STAR" dishwashers use
water and energy more efficiently,
~.~-~.._...,-,._,-'" .~~,-~~~,,~-~~-
~
~
~
œ
~
~
Co
..
ø
"
'ª
,-
w
"
~
z
"
~
S
m
"'
Jj
'"
ApplicaLi(Jfl:
Select ENERGY STAR" dishwashers.
These dishwashers use an internal
water heater tQ boost temperatures
inside the di5hwasher, For this
reasont water heaters can be
turned down to 120 degrees,
saving water he¡¡:¡tJng costs.
.~_.~~..,.._,.~-~~,~~
8er¡ûfit:
Water-efficient dishwashers a.re
also energy-efficient becau$e most
energy consumed by dishwêl5her$
is used to heat water. ENERGY
STAR" dishwasl1er$ ",e 25% less
energy than cumparable models.
) .i', . í: I:; :' ~
,\f::) ¡,:~ I·,. i (î I':': ';1 i:¡ ~·¡1
\\;;,::">iï 'II':J': t:CIX'i';'ï:.Y CI;!:;:i:!:~i'\i';'H,:¡\~1"
¡:!:¡,;:I,i::,il'·i:;:,
"
~
~~m~~M~._.___
DE:!st:nptinn;
I..r
"
~
"'
'"
~
o
T
"
"
",
~~
00-1
Lo,1
"
:.
c'
~0
z.
w
d
~
2
",
w
"'
,,'
Horizontal axis machine. load from
the front, spinning clothes in and
out of the water to tumble them
clean. Sorne newer model top
loading washing machines offer water
and energy conservatíon features.
~="~"~"_'_'_____·____~··W~~
Application:
Select ENERGY STAR" horizontal
axis and conservation model
wa5hing machines.
__'_·_~__·__·"_'~'~~~~M~M=,'"."_._._,.,_.,,~
Benefit:
Horízontal axis machines save re5CJlJr~
ces by using less water and energy,
They use up to 40% less water and
50% less energy than conventional
top loading wõ5her5, translating into
lower energy and water bills for the
resident. Manufacturers claim that
there is les5 wear and tear on clothes
compared to the traditional agitator
(top loading) machines, Some of the
newer model top loading washing
machines offer water and energy
savings as well.
Horìzontal Axi!; W;;¡shing Machines
;,:;" ìq ;~,:1:;?,U
!::. :~ :,':1
._-_._._------_.~.~~~~
8ljndit:
New, efficient refrigerators can
,ave over 10% of tile total annual
.Iectrical bill. Check with your 10c,,1
utility company for rebate program..
4, ::;.';';:;:':!;:: :1 E~lii::,·,¡q nn'i".',:y:::Hng
I>: ::;H~r
~,~w~~~"=~~~~._,.~~
Desç¡lptiQll;
Built-in recycling center< provide bins
fcr separated recyclable;; and fa:¡d wa,<;te.
___~_"_,,,'._n,w,,~
Apr1ir::ation:
To be most effective and make recyçling
easy, recycling bins should be built
Into kitchen cabinets, while stand alone
units in the garage will also be helpful.
~~~,-~,~~~
8enefit:
A built·in recycling center offers an
easy and convenient choice between
the trash bin and the recyciing bins
rather than having to move between
two separately located bl ns.
Built-In RF!(':ycling Center
--
Descriptioli:
Refrigerators and freezers are among
the largest users of electricity in
most homes, They can account for
up to 25% of hou5ehold energy
use. New appl iances are much
more energy-efficient,
'__W'.'~'W=~~~=M'"=U~,_
Applic;;¡tion:
Use ENERGY STAR" rated refriger-
ators when replacing old units.
;·::"1
;'.!
I 1'1 ::\~ ¡:~::; -:-: :':::
"
"
!i':<~;:: ,J':'\ )!',:":i:':' i"'· <I :},
. _"WW""W'W_,~",~,w'"'""m~~"""'"'"""'.n"=,MM=~='
DC5.ct'iptiOlt:
Insul~tion in exterior walls and
çeiling5 can reduce the demand for
air conditioning and heating and
make homes more comfortable,
~~~_.".,,·,."·.'.·m ''''.',....~___~._._
Applic¡)liüli:
r~,:, ~~~h!1 \1'(':)UJ',l:: ¡:~:'\
Insulate walls of existing wood frame
ho.,.es to the capacity of 111e wall
cavity, exceeding tl1e TItle 24 Standard
for your climate zone by 20%. Wall
cavities with existing insulation
can, be blown full of new cellulD5e
or fiberglass to increase the den5ity,
thereby increasing the R-value.
Exterior wall. can be wrapped with
a minimum of 111 (R-.t1,) rigid foam
to increase R~v~lue if total exterior
refini$h is being performed.
'::k :;),¡
ill,::,!}:;'·;I'::;,,:',1
Increase. ceiling insulation in
"xding structure to exceed Title
24 Stõndard for your cl imate zone
by 20%, when possible, Installation
is generally intended to be in ceilings
below attic space, with appropriate
gable or soffit ventilation, If existing
cathedral or flat ceiling$ are "¡ro,,dy
insulated, and re-roofing is being
done at the same time, add addi-
tional rigid foam insulation on top
of the exi5ting roof sheathing.
Special produots are available that
come pre-vented for new roofi ng.
~,_..______.._._,.,_._...,._,.,'__...,._,_._",.,_".._,_'..,~~w'''~
Benefit
Inoreasod wall and ceiling insulation
improves comfort, decreases heating
and cooling requirements, saves
money, and makes the home quieter.
!r¡,¡::t<I'';: r: ~{~ :;ft 1';'1' :i::·;'· \ ': (;--:::(1:
c::'\~j'¡r./): :!'Ç:iJ
~,.,..~,",.".~"-_.~~-
Description;
Insulate and seal floors over
unconditioned crawl space~ with
R-19 or greater.
~,,~"-,~._~~'"-~-
Apphcatioll:
Seal all penetrations through the
floor, including eiectrical, plumbing
. and ductwork, with expanding foam
to prevent migration of air, moísture,
and mold spores. Install insulation
with vapor barrier towards the floor
(warm side), Protect underside of
fibergf.,.. with inexpensive sheath-
ing or wire mesh materials that act
as C3 barrIer to vermin.
---'---~-,.__._.~~~"
Berìefit.:
Improves comfort by insulating the
floor, protects indoor air quai ity
from moisture that can grow in
damp crawl spaces.
Rceycled-Cûntcnt Fìb8rgla::'!:I ¡r~~uli:!ti{, n
with No Added Formaldohyde
"( J:(: '\J'íi::
\,; '~I:::~',¡;· ;~:¡h':!"I, I)'(,:i::
:\':': ~¡\; i' }':'~I'.i :::,., ' I'.":;:',,;
~. . . ~_",,'_" . _n·'~_~
Des.cription:
.. . ..__._~.~.-,._~._-~~_._.
Many fiberglass in.ulotion
products include recycled glass,
formaldehyde-free binders, no
asphalt adhesives or colored dyes.
-----.-----.-
Appli(:~liön:
When using fiberglass insulation,
specify recycled-content and no
formaldehyde, This type of fiber-
glass insulation is installed exactly
as traditional fiberglass.
~._~,-~"~~-
B£!n!;tit:
Formaldehyde-free binders reduce
indoor air quality probiems and
insulation contains up to 30%
recycled glass.
ii" if:,;,¡;· liixhÎ~~I¡:f~;:<,¡J 1¡'I¡:{J'ix:diiYil
::\:1,::0.: Hvti j;: r: F I';~~ I.' ",'1 ~~ r¡;i
·_._~.·"~'·~"~·_'__~'~'~·""m·~~~~~~,
Desuipllúí1:
Expanding foam and caulk are
used to prevent infiltration where
wood connections are made or
fromlng is drilled to provide
plumbing and electrical runs.
Appfic:¡;¡tion:
These methods are especially
important when fiberglass Insulation
is installed, since fiberglass does
little to reduce infiltration. Seal hole.
between floor5 and between stud
cavities around wire run5. Caulk
top and bottom plates On all floo,>.
.--------------.---
Benefit:
ReductiQn in infiltration increa.scs
comfort and reduces energy bills,
-
~
D
~
m
z
~
~
~
Q
,.
~
~
~
"
o
:;:
~
~
m
'"
~
¡;;
"
"
m
C"
"
~
'0
'0;;
?:
¡:')
c::
6
m
co
M
",
~,
r:-.J
"
~
c,
~
~
m
~
"
"
,..
co
Ô
-
~
~
~
..
~
c
c
I
~
~
",
"
'"
C
"
"
'"
:> ~, " ," ;,.\' ,j':: ',i! ¡,"I :!; : i.: ¡:,;;.,.,,:.I': (:( :'1
;:.; ~i/: '; ¡"¡,,
~.w~~~~____,. n. "_'._"'.~.'.'~'"~'~~"".""~'W',"".M'
Desçription'
Cellulose is. highly effective insu-
lation made out of recycled news-
paper. Damp-spray cellulose wall
insulation is mìxed with low-toxic
binders to adhere to itself and the
stud and joist cavity surfaces,
~
'"
"
--.~~~~~._-~~-~-,_._~"-,.,~=,,.,~=
Application:
This installation is intended for
new eon.truction or total "gut"
renovation, where existing wall
surfaces. have been removed to the
studs. It i. not cost effective in
other applications, Avoid damp
blown cellulose during wet months
and install drywall only after testing
fer 25% (maximum) moi$ture çont~nt.
U,. boric acid treatment only;
avoid ammonium 5ulhte: trea1ed
collulose insulation.
.~,~~--~-~,=~~,~&~,,'",""',.,~.,.
Ben()'fil:
"
z
:J
w
:::J
:"7"1
~
oc
'"
,
Ò
I
"
"'
if,
~I
Spray insulation completely fili.
eavitio, and penetration>, thus
reducing air infiltration. The binder
in the insulation reduceS the
chance of settling. The cellulose is
treated to retard in~p.c::ts and fire¡
U'9 boric acid treatment on Iy, Usi ng
collulose insulation makos the
home quieter, more oomfortable
and reduce5 energy use.
9
:';.,
"
~
7
~
"
:t,~
,.
~~
c,
L.oO~f!-f:ìll C~III~I()~e Inf.ul3tion (U:;ft).
lMrnµ-Spr~y (:eIIIJ ose migt1t,L
e:, (;lii·!
"=~M=~,~'_,.____.__.."__...,,,,,~.~~
[)escription:
Dry-blown Qr IQose-fill cellulose is
treated with borates for fire and
insect resistance. Cellulose does not
contain formaldehyde, which is com-
mon in many fiborglass insulations,
--~~~~~~~~,~
Application.
Spread cellul05e over ceiling joists or
blow into tight cavities to increase
ceiling R-value, It is important to
maintain ;;¡ttìç or ceiling ventilation
pathways, especially in cathedral
ceilir!g applications. Avoid excessive
blown"in cellulose behind netting as
it may make it difficult to achieve
flat walls and ceilings with drywall.
Best to use 5/8" drywall only over
dry-blown cellulose insulation. Uso
boric acid treatment> only and avoid
ammonium sulfate treated cellulose,
_~~~~~~~~MM~__._,___..
Benefit
Cellulose insulation is fire"resistant,
manufactured with recycled materials,
and has no added formaldohyde,
It also reduces air le"kage ond
contributes to a more comfortable
and energy-efficient home,
(j j:-¡,'i ,Ii,;: ',; ,';'I/,j :\.,;', :r;~: Ii: ;:h ;')..1",
Mi",;',I;:;:;:,';
-------.,--..
··..,,"'_..,..,,·".',·,,~=w~,,=
Description.
Advanced iri5UI¡¡¡tion m¡:¡teri¡¡;¡ls 5~Jch
as 'pray foam, recycled cotton and
other5 are alternative.s to conven-
tional product.,
~~=,'"_.,~~,._._------~~
Application:
Varies per product typo, Cotton
come, in both batt and loose fill
while spray foom is spray applied
and expand5 in pl(.lce.
~~"'-,.,"."._.,'''~,-~._-
Benefit:
Cotton use. recycled-content fabric
(5uch as blue jeans trimmings)
whi Ie spray foam provides superior
air infi Itration resistance, Both
types have no added formaldehyde,
¡, ¡: '! ~';:~:>,I; i
": f(:: L: ¡/ï.~1::(: .));"""
'~ 'I, ','~',!; "~I: I ¡',
(.L(¡i-~ '<:.::
';/!I:::I(.'::::'/
Windows playa big role in the energy
effìcíency of homes. In the summer,
they can allow unwankd heot into
the house, and in the winter, wìndows
can account for a$ much as 25%
of the heat loss. When replacing
windows, look for models with tl18
following energy saving features,
Lì{¡!sC':ription·
Low-E coatings, virtually unnoticeable
to the eye, are installed inside the
air space of a double-paned window.
The löw-E <oating. help prevent
heat from escaping through the
glass in winter and block heat from
entering the home during Summer.
A, n\Mb~¡'~"PI~:::;~')O :¡1d,;m,\pw,¡,¡,
--~"=~~~~~~-_.
Application:
Use low-E, double-paned window.
whenever windows are replaced.
Check with your lo<al utility com-
pany for rebate programs.
D!;!!;c::riDtiQn~
Double glazing insulates almost
twice as well as single glazing,
-~~~--_.__.~~~,~~~_.~,,~..~~_.~~~._.,~,.
Applicatiùrl:
Replace single-paned windows with
double-paned windows whenever
possible, Check with your local
utility company for rebate progroms,
-'-----'.,--~~.~-~-----~
8erletit,:
Low--E windows refle<t heat. making
the home more comfortable in cold
weather and on hot summer days.
The cost premium of 10-15% for
low-E glass typically pays for itself
in a few years. Low-E, double-paned
glass coating increa,",s glas> R·value
to 3 compared to R-1 for single-
glazed windows.
~~~__,~___·_~_·,w,~,=",=,,"=~=
Benefit:
High quality double-paned windows
make the whole house quieter and
more comfortable durìng all seasons,
while saving energy and money,
G, ;).,').'\'h"":':Ciiï:J.'nr;.,:¡í
t' ,:' t:( I ~', ;'" '
'_..,"',._,.~_."~_'m._____.___...,____._,___
Description:
Most window frames and sashes
are made of wood, vinyl, fiberglass
or aluminum. Wood, vinyl and
fiberglass generally insulate better
than aluminum frame5.
~,~,~~"~,~~._._._-,~,~---,.~...,~."
Application:
Consider specllying wood windows
as standard window packages.
.-~..,~."..."_._,.".,~~..."._._,
BE!r'1e!fít:
Wood windows create greater
comfort and better energy efficiency
and are an environmentally prefer.
able môterial.
In hot climates (Zone 12)
choo.e windows with SHGC and
U-factor values 01 .45 or lower.
In moderate climates (ZOIl" 3)
make sure tl1at the U·¡_çtor
vall,Jû is also .45 or lower.
-
"
ffi
m
~
"
c
~
~
~
~
o
Iii
..
~
"
¡;;
ç,
~
1"'1
'fI
"
'"
r
5
~
"
"
~
õ
~
C
7
~
~
o
~
Ô
'"
"
~
<
ð
c
'"
c
b
::i, 'II'
".".1,
-
l: ¡{fRt':~: i ::,fl ¡::! ::':"':'1: :.'¡: ;-i:¡.:; "';:;::¡j
C;:¡\!;I,Ti( H,^)J'; \'^,
:/<i ,":",'\ ¡ <::""'Pï
(I.j ~
/:/ .¡.;..
DúscrìptiQIl:
,=._.________..._... ·~w"w~'m'·~.'w~
~
~
<
"
¡
~
~
Q
~
Q
z
ij
5
m
z
"'
ffi
Low solar heat gain coefficient
window film reduces solar heat
gain through glass (particularly
during late afternoon and evening
hours) while still transmitting light
and visibility,
Appliç(3tion~
Reflective film should only be
used on singl~·glazed wi ndows,
Look for a SHGC of less than the
code requirement of 0.4, Consider
using on all east or west facing
wíndows.
~~,==,~,~~,~
-_._._,.,.~"~~~'~
Ben~'fit:
Low SHGC window film reduces
overheating, improves comfort and
can significantly lower the need for
additional cooling,
<0
7-
:¡
I.':
Q
"
~
"'
,'~
"'
~
u
.L
"'
:c
~
"
z
:¡
!C.!
':)
Ó
','
:;¡,
ij
:::;¡
Ii:,
w.j
I..J
~
"
D
"""""""""""'I\w
. ,'"'J<.\j"\^"":
Wnrkl'~ gl!' ;1
WiAd",,(/>
o
..".
h
'r<1","~~~',\"':¡¡¡¡.w,'~~
!/4t....y¥~~!"I!!Y!IIi+~ ~"I!tj\\. 0
ÎH';',~~~' liiJ1;tH)¡ ~I~ ¡U~:i"I~)¡¡H~'¡»,#(:~)t:!.I,~
. 0.35 0..32 0
::1
~_!,,¡,,~c """<.>MIW<~~A"t.m(¡.
~;~(1,ÛAi":h\l1~~j~t~~.t . ib!:'l~1~~~¡j:¡S':~~;~dl;
"--0 0.51 0.2"
i( ........... ...........
Look for this label as your assurance thM
this window ha~ bf!;en illnepE':ndently rated
using a procedure .established by the NFRC.
Although other labels r'nay be pr'8sBnt. the
NFHC I,~bel i$ yl'lur bEd source of energy
performance information.
U"factor is a meaSUr~ of Mat tr~rlst!!r'rI:!d
by the entire window (frame, sash ¡!nd gl(!s.s)
either into or out of the building. A sn'all.er
U-fa!::tor will prQvicle a winnow which is múre
(,:LlrnfLlrtf!!)le on cole! day::;, Try to purCh~sEI ¡
wiLldQw wi~n the lowest U-facto(,
Vi~ible Tr(!nSmittance NT) I::; a rYlliJaSuré of
the amount of visible light entering 1M. window.
Try to select a window with a hlgtj VI. It will
bring more n<'ltural dtly-light into your home.
¡" NFRC technical procedures by whi~tl the
window was .evaluated.
Name of the window manufacturer.
I:; MBn~~façturer's descr'lpt1on 01 Hie
I¡¡¡beled product.
.................-..................
rl~e NI~'RC "r¡¡tin¡(, a numerical value,
rcpreSenl$ the applicable f!nf!;rgy rerfLlrm(!IlCP,;
ctmriJcteristic. Residp..nti~I·{or "AA") and
Non-residential (or "FIB") are NFf"{C size
designations. Representaliv81est $i:£ù$ i.1rs
çJl("A':!n for each product typ:¡ ¡md idenlictll si:œs
are cúrnpiJred among different manufacturt;!)~..
Ii. Solar Heat G<!irl Coefficient (SHCC) is a
me¡)SlIt0 01 the solar energy entering the
building though the entire window. A Inwe(
SHGV will reduce air cOLlditioning r.nsts and
provide more comfort on hot oays,
Air LeaKage (AL) i~ ,3 mE;!a!)we of the
amount of air that can pass throulj!h the
cracks and joint!5 in the window assembly.
The lower the AL, the le~ ãìr will pass through.
: n. Independent Ct;!rtification and
Ins~ection A¡Wr\cy (lA) seloct¡gd by the window
manufacturef. All testing is done by an NFRC-
accr'ooi1Bd laboratory, and results arE;! sent to
Ih~ IA for 8\ItIluation. Both laboratories ,¡md
manufac:turers are in!ìopeçted .;Illl1lJ;:!lIy to
ensure that NFRC !¡:Iand(!rds are maintained.
¡ U i~':~ J>::<,'i: i'1,/i/:':
1"1¡':W:;)i;¡,:1'1'Ì':i,
\.:""
·"1\,.
ur- ;:,111
--~--~-'~=~~~"'=~
Description:
Leaks in the joints between
ductwork allow conditioned air to
escape into attic5 and bosements.
Nationally, leak5 at the joints
between ductwork connections
allow, on average, 25% of the
conditioned air to es~;ape into
attics and basements. Duct tape
loses its effectivene.. in 3-5 years.
Mastic maintains the ,eal for decad...
~~-~,--_.,--'...--+.-
Application:
Install mastic at every metal duct
joint and around the bends in elbows.
It i$ important for all ducts to be
se"led. Profe..ional testing for a
duct leakage rate of under 10% can
be helpful in determining success.
._._~~~~=~===
Ber~cfit:
Leaky air ducts can cause negative
pressure in the house which can
allow carbon monoxide from ga5
water heaters and furn.ce. Into the
home. Well-sealed ductwork also
keeps the house mOre comfortable,
:',:", ~:;'II),1:;:\¡¡ ~,I ('.Vii Ü'~~i:,:J:\¡I,1 .:i' I:, '\si'U,:i::',:
{~'ij n ~~ ;'I'i I:¡~: (;:~I
u=~~=~~~.__"~~~~,.~,_
Pe5r:;ripH0I1:
Ducts in exterior walls, attics and
in uninsulated spaces lose a
significant amount of heated or
cooled air capacity.
~~,~~=,~~=~
Applic;¡;tiQn;
All ductwork for heating or cooling
should be run through conditioned
space inside the insulated envelope.
Ducts run through attic space can be
buried under new loose fill insulation,
__~._~~U~'''',·,'.~'~"''~'m~~m~~'
Benefit:
Locating ducts in the conditioned
space significar1tly reduc.s energy
IOS5 and imprðve~ occupant comfort.
\n):~t
;.j: ¡'J ';¡ \} '~),~ i: t·~;¡.;,
Uï,;'U':;::j,\:¡i'
Description:
Steams, gases, smoke and other
combustion by-products (such as
unburned hydrocarbons) can result
from cooking, Stovetop range
hoods expel these by. products to
the outside.
Appl¡cation~
Range hoods .re p.rticularly
important for gas stoves and can
be installed most easily whNe
stoves are adjacent to exterior walls.
Benefit
Range hoods improve indoor air
quality, prevent overheating and
excess moisture build-up.
\ ", \.:,",' """,",,"',' ,;,,',\nIM,,'\n'\I¡'~"''',III',,'''''''' ",'\'\" '"
Ducts should be inspected, tested and sealed to ensure adequate airflow and eliminate
loss of conditiQned air. Ducts can leak as much as 20-30% of the air passing through
them and can bring dust, unconditioned outdoor air and humidity into living spaces. To
find out how leaky your ducts are have them professionally tested and seek to have them
repaired so that you accomplish a leakage rate of under 10%. Thorough duct sealing can
cut heating and cooling costs in many homes by 20%.
""'WW~','"I'"'","\,""\'"',"'''W\W¡\ \I,m"\,~",,,'W"
-
"
"
m
m
Z
"
C
¡:
¡;
"
"
m
~
"
~
..
"
ª
¡:
¡;
'"'
::n
~
"
C
r
S:~
:'7-
'"'
"
c::
ë
"
"
~
1"
v'
."
o
"
I
~
m
"
[,'I
".
Ô
~
"
:::i::::':¡'¡;
-
'.1, , ': : I ~ ,'. \ 'I ; ~ ì Í( 'i ,': ; :: 1;: :i' ;:; ;: ¡; ,':: I ,I.'; I ' ::1
¡:t ;1'; :p:'"
www·,=~=,~,,=~~,
O~!:ÒL;riµlíol'l:
Debri~ and dust from construction can
cause allergic reactions in occupant$.
ø
~
~
~
~
ø
c
C
Z
~
~
'3
5
=
2
w
w
~
~
_·_"_'·'·_'·"._~""WW'="'~'''",~U,,_.,
Applicat,mn:
Cover or seal all ductwork in work
space during construction. Clean
or vacuum all ductwork before
occupancy to eliminate dust.. Clean
duct. before carpet is laid and
finishe5 "re applied,
_._---~-_.,---~".,...._~.~~
l:k'rleflt:
Children are especially sensitive to
micro particulates like drywall dust
Cleaning and vacuuming ductwork
reduces dust around the house aftor
occupancy.
',', h,:'í:l+ :. ~';;1):¡;;~:( .d:t.i,;:.: i;':;.IP
'.'-'~"~~'~=~~~.~'-_.__._---_.
"
~
:::¡
w
~
"
"
<:,
~
W
'"
o
,T
~
2
",
",
z.
,::1
w
C:I
:5
'."
'."
z
ij
Des.cription:
Solar attic fans exhaust heat from
attic 5pace5 in summer and clear
conden5ation in the winter.
~,~.,"~
Appliç¡.¡tion;
Solar attic fans are powered by the sun
and are most effective when placed
on the southern side of the roof and
centered between the roof ralters, Avoid
installing under overhanging trees or
other structures creating shade,
_'__.._·_'_·____·,_~·,_'.."'.,·'_'·"m=~~~~~".~~~,
8cme1ll:
~
'"
""
~,J
~
~
"
In the 5~Jmmer, attics can reach up
to 150°F. That heat migrates into the
home and increases the temper¡;¡ture
inside. A solar attic fan romoves
much of tllis il0t air a"d reduces the
burden on the air conditioning system.
"~I. J 11:: ;~i.':, I' i'l ~ 1 ¡
'::'1
:)'j;:
~~~_.__._-_.. _._'~.~._--'-----~~~
Description:
Soffit/eave venti lation and
gable/continuous ridge ventilation
exhaust excess heat and moisture
from attic spaces by natural
convectìon.
__·_"_~__"""""·'__"'·'''·'~'..'~~m~'''='.'w,w=,w'w=ww=,"
Applit.atiDr\:
Install equal amounts of ventilation
between the soffits/eaves and the
gables/ridges. Tho code requirement
of 1 square foot of net free area of
venting for every 150 square feet of
attic floor area should be doubled,
Keep insulation from blocking the
soffit/eave vents,
~------------_..,-,._._--,-_._...__.,_._..,.__.,.
l3enefil:
Attics can reach up to 150" F on
a hot summer day, That heat
migrates into the hou5e. exchanging
air with the living 5pace. Eave and
soffit venting and conti"uou$ ridge
venting increa5e~ comfort, red~Jce5
air conditioning costs and reduces
problems associated with excess
attic moisture.
jf<:'i;:';::~ ïN;~ni~':: ::·j';~::):I:!.:1 I:;}':¡
=~M~"_',.~.,__.M_
Df!sr.rif1tian:
Whole house fans can cool a house
without using an air conditioner by
eXhausting warm, indoor air and
bringing in large volume, of fresh,
cool, outdoor air at nigllt.
Applic8tion:
The fan must be mounted in a
hallway ceiling on the top floor. An
insulated, airtight seal is necessary
to prevent air leakage through the
fan in winter. Fang should be sized
to produce between 4-5 air changes
per hour and should have two
speeds, low speed for continuous
ventilation and high speed.
PLEASE NOTE, Keep a window
open when fan 15 runnìng to avoid
back drafting of carbon monoxide
from gas appliance flues.
~~~~~~
Benefit:
An average whole house fan uses
one-tentb the electricity of an air
conditioning unit. Moving large
volumes of air can achieve indoor
comfort at bigher temperatures
withDut air conditioning.
Air Flow with Whole-House Fan
1 ."<f'> 1
~""-;;;><'~;>..~-''''<~::..«~,.,
5~-;' .~. ~~~~r
.¡ ~._"-+~~-'-~ I~
¡ 1."$·",,,$·'- , " .... .'",.j I
U"""""""" ",",""," "",,,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,...... """""''''''''''~,.i
<:' :'q:i/)i:¡
:'1::,: 1 ','I';:',1t(
''', ;~ ;:'1 'f ,,:~, {: ::¡ "
:'~ ~.¡;H: ¡¡ i':i¡
------....-,-,.,.--.,....--..,-,.-.,-.-,..
Description:
Sealed combustion furnaces and
water hoaters duct fresh, outdoor
.ir directly into a scaled jacket
around the combu~tion chamber
eliminating the use of conditioned
housc air for combustion.
------.-....,-,.-.,..---.".--.--.-.----
Applió<JtlOr1:
Install in place of conventional
furnac", or hot water heaters.
"-,,.~'''--,~-~~~~
Ben~fit.:
Traditional natural gas furnaces and
hot water heaters use conditioned,
indoor air for combustion. Wt1en
a negative pressure situation is
created in 1he home by exhaust
fans, dryers or leaky ducts, carbon
monoxide can be pulled into the
hou$e from the çombu5tion
ohamber and exhaust flue. Sealed
furnaces and hot water heater$
eliminate that CQndltion, thereby
impr6ving indoor air quality and
reducing the canger of carbon
monoxide contamination. They also
Improve energy efficiency by not
taking your home's conditioned air
and sending it outdoors through
the exhaust flues,
;J, ;,:.: \/iY¡¡: ,¡!i,:;',iU :I:::'~\:¡ fl:';:i',,·(;í':
;,iirh.~ {.i;~'i::i ~:::¡i;,i;':,~·':I' ,II':;,:·j ¡'t:;i",;¡;;:pi'J,
~ i'~.v,., if:1 i:.¡; I :;'h ::ïi
-----.-.-------.----.---.--
Description:
Wall-mounted electric and gas
heôting units are potential health
andfíre hazards_ Ga$ units produce
both unburned hydrocarbQns and
carbon monoxide, . deadly unnotice·
able gas, A wall hoat pump hos an
exterior compressor and tin ínterior
air handler that blows conditioned
air throughout the home.
Appliç;atiol'l :
Replace any wall-mounted heater
with a heat pump, Replacement
with a heat pump is potentially
expensive. Another option is to use
the water heater as the heat source
using fan coils in each room to
distribute heat in the home.
.~=~~~
Benefit:
Eliminating wall-mounted eiectric
and gas heater> results in greater
safety and more energy savings.
.;:¡:; Ji;'il';'1.ff.i'!
":;' :: r:~i' :i Pi~:
:: I' 1:: 1.1 :::6,~i'(¡:,¡:
¿£Ft
"Ii'Ll': 2
,"¡'I ;':,'.
jl::I::"I'I:,I'/:'·'
'j{ :,r,/,:; (::)(,')/:1
._,.__,_,_"_._.".,,.,,",",'"U,M~'~~"M.M'"="'~~~"="~~,
De~,çript.ion:
Air conditioning equipment is one
of the greatest loads on power grids.
SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency
Ratio) measures cooling system
efficiency at low temperatures while
EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio) is a
high temperature performance
rating. The higher the SEER/EER
number the less power is required
to provide comfort. This a"ures that
the air conditioning sy5tem operates
. at high efficiency during the full
range of summer temperatures.
rxv is a refrigerant regulation
device that can help en5ur. that the
air conditioning system operates at
maximum efficiency over a wide
range of conditions,
w,~~~~,~,,~..~_""·~~"".~·_~~
App1içation;
Higher SEER (13 - 18 SEER)
and EER (11 or greater) units are
installed like any other AC equip-
ment. Some AC equipment comes
with a factory installed TXV and
others accept a TXV that can be
bolted on. Zoned AC systems allow
2 to 4 zone. to be conditioned at
different temperature. sO only the
space5 being used are cooled. These
require thermo5t~t$ in each zone.
~..~-_._-
_..,--,~~~~.
Renefit:
High SEER units save money and
energy and reduce peak load
problems for utilities. High EER
systems not only ~ave money and
energy but offer more cool i ng when
you need it most, on very hot days.
In5t¡:¡lling air conditioning systems
with" TXV lowers utility bilis and
5,wes energy.
-
"
~
r::
'"
~
"
.-
'"
"
"
"
~
'"
"
'"
ø
..
~
m
~
~
~
r"
~
~
;e,
~
"
Co
'"
:2
"
~¡
'c
6
i"
=;
'"
'"
~
~~
"
::?
[(I
~
~
"
,..
i"
c'¡
-
¡,I;:,':;:ì','
.,;j¡
"III
'.11':1/1
..... _,,_._._...__._._.___.___.___n___
[)í!sr;ription:
ø
..,
~
'"
w
~
~
~
ø
Q
~
~
w
~
~
z
6
~
:s
m
R-22 is an HCFC refrigerant uged in
residential heating and cooling 5Y"
tems, R-22 contains cl110rine which
ìs an olone-destroying chemical. In
2010, under the Clean Air Act, HVAC
manufacturers can nO longer produce
new air conditioners usi ng R-22.
__'w_"w~~'=n'm"=M~~='"'='~~=~"~
Application:
15
~
Some new AC units already use
alternatives to R,,22 refrigerant 5ueh
as R-4IOA, as well as the trode brond
Puron and other>, Additional care
should be taken when handling
refrigeronts, always s.lect a reputable
dealer who employs service techníd.¡ms
that have achieved Environmental
ProtectiDn Agency (EPA) certification
to hand Ie refrigerants.
~.,_._,------_._,--",.__._~._,,,-~~-_..,,.,.,-~-,.-
Bj~,.,cfil:
~
::¡
~
o
~
-,
~
¡!:!
is
~
~
Ii'
"'
".1
Z
:::¡
1:·1
c,
"
"
f
';
~
00
Using alternatives to HCFC
refrigerants reduces depletion of
the ozone layer in case of leakage
during replacement.
i:..i' :''), ,. :'i 1;1::,/\ ¡:¡'!':;':li.,;:~d fu::d
('J::1 :¡:"¡ii' I ;:il"U,.: :¡;:n;{~v UL,:HJC,'
i;: ":'1 : ~' : /; t; ::';
~'~'~M'" " .,". ,. _,....".~".._.~..~.__.__.~...,__,___.~.~"~~
Dl:!st.riptiOrl:
High efficiency furnaces convert
gas to heat with greater efficiency.
m",."",,,,,,, ~~"".~~~.~~~..~.~~""~"'"~,.,~.,~.~~,~,~.___.......,."~"
,"
w
æ
"
Applic3tion:
Replace canventíonal furnaces with
high efficiency models. Installing the
proper size of furnace for the home
is just as importi;lnt as íts efficiency.
Check with your local utiiity company
for rebate ìnformation.
..~.,-----_.__._---_.._,_.._--_.-
8ür"Jdi1:
A properly siled, high efficiency
furnace çosts less to operate. It
saves. natural resources, reduces
aìr emissions and Ilelps create a
cleaner environment.
':: J, ¡¡i:'F:tfoHl V;'i¡:u~i,
I~ I I'
",1
"''''·'~=W~~~''~'~~'=~~W~·~~~'W~~·''~~
1)f'!~cripti(1n:
The burning of wood in fireplaces
is a major source of air pOllution
during the winter months, generat-
ing up to one-third of the particulate
matter on cold evenings. In addition,
open fireplaces wok air out of the
house and extract more heat than
they provide, Retrofitting wood
burning fireplaces wittl airtight doors
and working darnpers reduces down
drafting. heat 1055 and the aniount
of oxygen drawn from the hou$e for
combu5tion pUrpOSé$.
Applic2Ition:
Retrofit wood burning fireplace,
with EPA certified wood .tove" or
fireplace in~ert~, pellet st( ve~ or
natucol gô' units, These units .hQuld
have direct outside combustion air
vented into the insort. If total
retrofit i. not feasibie, then replac.
old damper if it no longer seal. the
flue due to mechanical failure,
rust or soot buildup in the chimney,
Retrofit sealed doors onto fireplaces,
Outside air, needed for combustion,
should be brought in behind the
door>, Some fireplace. provide for
controlled air intake from in5ide
the hou5e tha.t ca.n be 5hut down
when nDt in use,
_._----_.._-_._._",..,.,--_.,._._._._._.,.,.__._-,_.~.-~,._..~"._~,~~.~.~,.
Bt\r\l.di!:
EPA çertifi~d stoves Qr fireplaçe
inserts reduce the amount of
pOllutant particulate rnetter by
75-90o/ö com'pared to a standard
fireplace. A properly operating
damper reduces drofts throughout
the house when the fireplace is not
in use. Airtight doors, when shut,
can reduce the heat taken from the
house as well as reduce drafts
when the fireplace is not in use.
."': I t:~::· ¡:I.¡). ¡:;H;,
;!:: .:'~ (: ;'" :'1'
'11:':',,;::("'
r,>
-------
Description:
Hydronic heating forces hot water
through radiators located in different
area> or Lones througi1òut the
hou,e, It is typically in,talled as
ba5eboards or ín floor5.
---------
--- ------------
Applicê:lti0r"1:
Use hydronic, radiant heating
instead of forced air heating. The
>y5tem m".t be designed before
construction starts.
'~m~~~"..m,"~..".~_~,.._.~..'~.~~.~.~
!:JE::)nefit:
Hydronic heating is more comfort-
able and saves energy by heating
only the lOne that requires heat.
¡ :::;, ¡:i:::: tli i I.¡ 1 r:-:"ï~ I:; ¡ !::ì ;:,:-:, \". ¡::! I<~'
¡ (':. :: 1:;\ .,).! ; :\;~i\i: En.;';: O\I,¡¡¡~ ~.,
':in!: :.:. (:(~':.' :j;ú¡ Î.H~ntï
'I ¡"ii,,: I
;;':'1;'1':';'
;\;1 ;,~.'.:!;::~:!~ i::; ·'/:::'1 'h:. ;:,::>:'(
-..-.---...-...-.-..---.--...-.--.-.--.---.-.-.-..
Desc:ription;
..-...--.-.-.---.-.-...-.------..--.------ --.---.------.---.----
Description:
An HRV i5 a mechanical ventilation
system that recoverS heat from the
exhau5ting, 5tal~, indoor air and
transfers. it to the incoming, fresh,
outdoor air.
Description.
According to the U,S.
Environment¡:¡1 Protection Agerlcy,
an attached gara~e i5 the single
most :5ignificant contributor to
poor indoor air quality. Car exhaust
contains many known carcinogens.
and c¡:¡n migrate into living 5paces
through doors and cracks in walls
adjacent to the garage.
High efficiency filter5 remove 70%
or more of dust and particulates
from the air.
-
"
'"
m
m
"
..
"
E;
~
;¡:
"I
~
"
¡¡
..
"
~
"
¡;;
~~~~~,-~,~._--
Applif:'.ation:
Filters are in5talled in th~ returrl
at< ,tream ôt t~le "ir handler, which
.hDuld be .i.ed to handle the
reduced air pressure caused by the
filter. Some units hav~ an air çon-
ditioning 5etting for the Ion that
will handle the retrofit filter.
AppliC::êlt.iörì:
The unit should be designed into
the HVAC system to distribute the
fre5h ¡;¡ir ([lore evenly throughout
the home, Note: Use of this equipment
is particularly appropriate with
blower door test results of le55
thon .35 Nõtural Air Changes per
Hour (NACH),
----_._--_.__._._-_._.._~~~_.~~--
Application:
In.tall "'xhaust fan on the opposite
wall from the door to the 110use, It
can be wired to .n eledric garage
door or put on a timer to run for
15 minutes after door has been
opened or closed, Do not install
fan if water heater or gas furnace
are located in garage.
~.~~."~.~~~_._._._.._._----~..._.._..
Benp.fit:
The EPA hôs identified microp.r..
ticulates as a leading cause of
respiratory discomfort. By removing
these particles, the filter makes
the living space healthier.
"~"~,~~~."'
Benp.fit:
Heat recovery ventilators provide
fresh, outdoor air while exhausting
stale indoor air, They also save
energy by recovering the i1eat lost
in the exhausting air and transfer
it to the incoming air.
~"~~~~.~~,~~~~~
Benefit:
An exhaust fan creates a healthier
indoor environment by reducing
the potential hazard of car exhaust
from entering the house,
c,
~
'"
"
~
~
~
"
"
e,
~-:::
6
m
r.;
M
'"
~
"
'"
~
g
'"
:'J,J
!~
e;
~
,"\
RMj¡mt Floor' He~tlng
Furnace filters capture large particles of dust, pollen, and other indoor pollutants
preventing them frOI11 build-up on the workings of the system and from distributing
throughout your home, The best option is to purchase high efficiency disposable filters
with a MERV rating of between 6 and 12; greater than 12 will restrict your system's air
flow too much. Replace these filters as they become buiH-up with contaminants;
generally every two months or as needed. If utili.ing reusable, high efficiency electronic
or electrostatic filters, remember to clean them often,
"
"
'\>"J\>\¡w.!'\¡WV\,\¡\\'·
-
j
5
~
~
~
~
c
o
E
~
~
9
5
~
!, i' ,",', -F::i.I~:,';> '1;;;:1' :;:;1):1:: 'çii:':i'::n~1
_·__,·_·____·,_,·'"~~"""~~~'~~mwm'~'w'"=w"~=~"
Description:
I nsulated copper pipes are installed
from the attic to a hot water closet
or mechanical room for future solar
installation. This option allows the
homeowner to install an active: s.olar
system at a later date if they desire,
~·________·_~·~"'_·_'_.·~"W,".._,,,~~,,·~,,,,
AppliC<:I1ior\:
~
~
~
~
Provide oouth-facing roof area for
collectors and acce.. for piping to
a mechanical roOm. Thí5 ì5 primarily
applicable to homes that are being
extensively rehabilitated on the
interior. The most cost·effective
time to install this pre-plumbing is
during construction,
___·~~·~~~~"w'~=m~'"'~"""
8e-rìi;!lit:
Solar hot water pre-plumbing during
the remodeling process can gave
money for the homeowner if, at
some point in the future, they want
to install a solar system.
i.~
z
:J
1.,1
"'
a
~
W
~
~
;::, inst·:'di t:¡;¡:,a:~· W':. ::.:;::~("
~'"'~'~~'._~~n~_._.'n~_..._,_._________..
ô
~
~
"
",
~
~
Oescription:
Solar water heating systems use solar
panels to collect heat from the sun.
The hot water Is stored for use at a
later time. Water pre-heated by a
".
0'
s
~
c,
?
c
~
::J
00
501., system can al$O supplement
U~C Qf ð standard water heater.
ApplicatiCJ(\:
PrQvide s"fficient 5O"th-facing roof
area for collectors, and space in a
hot water clo,et for the additional
hot water 5toroge tõnk,
B(?T'\¡;!.fit.:
Solar hot water systems can pay
back in as little as seven years and
red"ce the "se of gas or electricity
for water hoating,
Solar Water Heating
'"-~'_.n~·
H at Water
Storage Tank
Gt'l
, :
, :
j
Heat
Exchanger
c.,
w
0.
I,'
:;:;. ¡:¡ 1<.\ I:VI'.:',· I':~'. 'dl':, i'
¡:'-:'IUI:,ï\luIV " .. t'),'\' I"i .,('" ',"'i¡
__n._.'_._'...,,,.._ n".",...,~",w,~"w"",=" ."._.,._,._'_'n'__~_
[)f:!sc:ription:
Running wires from the roof to the
electric service entrance/cìrcuit
breaker panel can save costly
installation of pl10tovoltaic panels
at a future date.
~="=='%~~"~=,~_,.".".".,,~'.,.,......_,."~,'''",M'.~'~U,.UU"MM'",M'
Applic:;¡tion;
R"n two pair #10 THHN wire plus
#8 gro"nd in conduit from the
so"th facing roof to a junction box
near the panel (don't wire the
panel). Eôst and We,t facing
roofs can work If the South is
unavailable or shaded for panels,
~,~~,~,~~",~,=,^.~""'~'~.,",'~w"'"~~=,,~'"'"',.~
Benefit
it
,
I
o
~
Photovoltaic paneis and system,
will continue to drop in price
over the. next few years.
Homebuyers may not be able to
afford the system today but may
be interested in the future when
the price Comes down. Visit
www.con5umerenergycenter.org
fer more informatìon on rebate5.
:1,';',:1:;:1:11 ,Generate your own electricity using renewable resources, Your electric utility
can "store" and buy the extra electricity you generate Or supply it if your system does not
generate enough. ,iC,,;'::" PV Panels provide a secure source of electricity. ('IVJI'!':I:,.,,,,,,,,,:ii'"
pvs are a clean, replenishable resource that do not çontribute to global warming.
::1111::"",1", Use PVs to help ensure our energy future by tapping into an "infinite" power,
supply, Contact the California Energy Commission at 800,555.7794 for information on
casÌl rebates on eligible renewable energy electric-generating systems.
,,1\\1\"\1\1\1"\(,"""\"'\"
""!\I'''''\W¡''I''''''_''\''''''''\I''''''''''
''''''''''\'\''''\,,''
""1'·1\,"'"",1\\1\'"
,,'t, jj::~;;~:::;: i: VJ'I'tl\'~'"'!:,I;iÚ \':1 j,,;. ',: Vii i
--'_.__._-~.,..-."-_.".,-'--,..~_..,..".,--,-".,....~"-
Description:
PV panels contain hundreds of
small cells that collect the sun's
energy and convert it into electricity.
Excess electricity can be sent back
into the utility grid for a credit on
electric bills. The collected energy
can also be stored in large batteries
to meet the needs of nighttime
energy requirements.
~~~~~~~~=u,~,~"'~~~,~~~,~
Applic3tion~
Typical PV installations include flat
roof, sloped roof, building integrated
PV and ground mount Items to
cM,ider when in'talling PV include,
sunlight - minimum of 4 hour5
required during peak period (8 a.m.
to 4 p.m.) with no shade: orienta-
tion - anything but North: angle-
flat to 60 degrees: adequate roof
"rea-depending on type of PV
selected (monocrystal, polycrystal
or amorphous).
~."._m'_~_'._~~_m~'~w~,~_~
Benefit:
PV panels can be used as a
means to decrease reliance on
conventional power plont$ that
contribute to air pollution.
II1stallin8 Solar W¡;¡ter Sy!:-t!:!lT1
;:'·1
:1"
.."\ ii:Y:I'j J.Ji;:;.'" 1;:;\
Hn
;::i/: : Ji ¡!:: ¡:¡ :'~:
.....-,-..--.,---
D~,s(:riplion:
40-50 year aspll.lt composition,
tile, slate, fiber-cement and metal
are examples of safe and durable
roofing materìal5. Avoíd cedar and
wood shake shi ngles,
~~",.."~,.,._,.,,.._..,,-~,----_.._,--_._---
AppliçatiCJr\:
Applicable anytime roofing material
is specified.
....,.,.,.".,~~,~M"~M'~~".~~_~~~~,~~~,
Bcnefit:
A durable and safe roof is cost
effective and reduces landfill
deposits. Some products may
also reduce your homeowner
insurance rates.
PhotO\lolWIC Panel Systcll'ì
R~c1lant Barri~r $he<:!thi ng
~i, ¡:':~:~\td\ f-b1tjii;0:,!:,t g.:~I': ~~11'
-,-~-~
Doscriptiort.
When radiant energy from the
sun strikes the roof surface, it is
converted to heat energy which
radiates downward into the attic
and the adjoining rooms. A radiant
barrier reflects or blocks radiant
heat and does not emit it to the
cooler surfaces around it. Radia"t
barrier sheathing is a roof sheathing
material with a reflective layer
(film or foil) applied to the under-
side of the 058. Another radiant
barrier application is reflective film
or foil that attaches to the rafters,
reflects radiant heat upwards and
doe$ not emit it downward towards
the attic and the home's interior.
Appl¡c<Jtiðn:
Radiant barrier sheathing can be
u$ed in place of conventional roof
sheathing or apply reflective material
(foil or paint) to the underside of
rafters and decking.
B~l1efit:
Radiant barriers reduce heat
build-up in attic spaces by not
re-radiating heat from the roof to
the attic and eventually to the
ìnterìor rooms. They can prevent
up to 97% of tile sun's radiant
heat from entering the home and
can bring attic temperatures
down a$ much a$ 30 degrees on
hot days, keeping the whole
home cooler and reducing energy
cons.umption for air condítioning~
-
"
~
~
m
"
~
"
,.
"
"
M
,
"
"
"
~
~
"
ill
~
~
'"
';\j
M
I~
"'
r
9
C!;
"
"
"
r
:2
"1\
'"
"
"
"
.=.¡
"
IT:
~
'"
¡,.J
C'
'"
c:
7
"
~, '.'J: I
-
~ i:r::':,~lir';H,~ ':i';~ ;:';:i:::::::;lin
~>,:,ì :;;:1 j '!;:' tt:/
·"_""_~·_~',·~~",,·,.~~~'==="m"~'=
D(!:;.¡~ripll{Jl1:
~
~
~
"'
'"
"
..
1J
o
~
"
"
z
is
~
~
~
z
w
w
~
"
Passive solar systems provide heat
to the structure through south
facing windows ìn conjunction
with Internal thermal ma...
---
ApplicÓltió!'1:
The how.e must incorporate windows
that face within 30 degrees of due
south and have the ability to store
excess heat in massive elements
such as a slab floor or stone fireplace.
---_._---~~~._~~._-~~.~.~--~..
Bi:':!núfit:
Passive solar design can reduce
heating requirements by 30-50%,
saving energy and money.
.:?, 1::\ :;:1.:;':'11 ¡ [hH~:rh,(!ì:':ir:,i L~..:
;~ i..'n:' :i¡ :;: I.i"~·h ~hhnr¡¡Jji\: :';
--_.,~,~--
Description:
ö
?;
::.::,
o
~
\<1
~
'"
5
~
Properly sized overhangs or awnings
on south facing windows are important
components of pa"ive solar heating
and natural cooling. Overhangs and
awnings help keep the heat of the
'un from entering the home during
summer, but allow heat to enter in
the winter, The,e shade control
devices can be over5iled roof över~
hangs, wood trellise<larbof'$ with
deciduous plants, or adjustable or
demountable awnings made of
fabric or metal.
"~
"
"
~:!,
7
:J
w
ë,"o
~:;,
"
~~
ô
~
~
w
w
"'
<,'
"_~.~M"'''._'~~'~~~'.''''"~~~~'.~.'...~
Appjif;~ti(Jn~
The overhang or awning design
should keep out summer sun by
shading the entire window during
the hottest month(g) of tl1. year.
Size overhangs or awnings above
south windows so that winter sunlight
is allowed into the space~ where it
can be absorbed by tl1ermal mass.
and be re-radiated as heat. Also
consider shading devices on the west
and east facing windows to protect
from morning and afternoon heat,
e.specially in hotter cIimate5.
--------------
8!:!l1elít:
Overhangs, awnings and trellises are
an integral part of making passive
solar heating and natural cool ing
work. Removable/retractabie fabric
awnings offer a iow cost solution
to reduce heat gain, lower energy
bills, and make the home more
comfortable in the summer,
P::í:d·;) U;:;·:::;¡;i::U; \ I ~\ ::J¡;:¡ ::: i'.' )'1' ¡~ Ii::
:¡n tr:(" ¡:'I".:::;): I:: ï:< :.:UiJi ~;: ~';: <":~
w=~~,=,=~~=~"~~="~=~=
Ol::!suiptiüfl:
During summer month~, the ~un
s.hines on the south and west sides
of the home causing the home to
heat up which in turn r'rlakes air
conditioners work their hardest.
Tree$ offer the best solution for
keeping out low-angle $unlight from
west and south windows in summer.
The additional cooling demanded
by low-angle sun penetration of
west windows in late: summer after-
noons create the most significant
summer peak utility costs,
Aµp!itCltìofl:
Plant ,hade trees on the we5t and
south sides of the home to provide
shade and summer cooling, The
most important areas to shade are
windows and paved areas. Keep
trees an aþproprlate distance from
the home or utilities to avoid intro-
duction of pests and root/branch
intrusions as trees mature.
-.-...---.-.-.--------.-.--..-------.--
Benefit:
Planting shade trees can reduce
summer air-conditioning costs
by 25% to ~O%. Trees provide
numerous additional benefits to
the environment including
cleansing the air, creating habitats
for birds and play place$ for children
^' well a$ adding ae$thetic beauty
to the neighborhood. Through
shade and evapotranspirõtion,
tree$ can create a mìcroclimate
that is up to 15 degrees cooler
than the surrounding area.
Awning Jf1d Trelli:;l::!s to R~!LJIJt.8 Heat G<:iiri
\ i" ,::ï';,), ;,j;'¡ <<I:::: F:[)¡:::;:
_.__.__._.___._._.___._ n_._.____.______._._.__
Description;
M05t paint release5 volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), a ·m~jor indoor
air pollutant, into the home. Once
out.ide, VOC. react with other
pollutants, producing ground-level
ozone that also affects human health.
Often low/no-VaC products are man-
ufactured without mercury or mercury
compounds, or pigments of lead,
cadmium, chromium, or their oxides,
_____n___.__
AplJlic¡jtiun:
Paint with low/no-VaCs is available
from most major manufacturers
and is applied like traditional paint
products, High washability should
be specified for bathrooms,
kitchens and cl1ildren'5 bedrooms.
Every finish and most colors are
¡:¡vaílable in low/no-VaC p¡¡:¡ints.
'",..,.~"'=^~~,~,--_.,.,._.,'-,.".~._.",.,~,~-~-~.~~
Búncfil:
Low/No-vac pôint reduce$ the
eml>$ions of vacs into the
heme, improving indoor air quality
and reducing the formation of
urban $mog.
, ;.:ì ~;\'Ij: !",i.'.~:\t
W::::';'~'~' ,,¡:ji";;:;';\
') '~,:.~'~ :" u'¡I¡/iNtï:··':/:llC f\..d¡:îl:~ g j (,.II:; :;1
"~'W''''''''W·~·_~''_____·__'~
D(!:òcription:
Unlike solvent-based adhe5ives
that off-gas toxic compound$ for
months, 10w/no-VaC adhesive.
reduce toxic gasses such a$ ¡¡:¡rOa
matic hydrocarbons or solvent.
that contribute to air pollution.
,~~'""~~~~m~~'w=~_·
l\pp icatiQn~
Use 10w/no-VaC products in place
of standard adhesives for all
interior applications such as
installation of flooring, countertop.,
wall coverings, paneling and
tub/shower enclosures.
8enefit
Low/No-vac adhesives are often
stronger, emit fewer pollutants,
and reduce the potential harmful
impacts on the health of the
occupants and installors.
'.'!\Mu\"Jh.h',"'.!\u' ,,,,,,'"""'",nn"n,w,w'm'~_"",¥
Build It Green is a program designed to provide Bay Area homeowners,
homebuyers, remodelers, and builders a trusted resource for information on
Green Building and its various applications. A local effort with far reaching
effects, the program is dedicated to creating healthier, more duroble, and energy and
resource-efficient homes that will provide Bay Area residents years of higher quality living.
Visit www.build-green.org for more information on events, products, presentations and more.
¡....«:I:¡,¡:: , i::¡!:::"nUi;
___,._~~~~~n_".~~=_nM"'=W="~'M""~=
Description:
Conventional solvent-based wood
finishe5 can of/gas for months. and
can be harmful to children, Low
vac finishes, 5uch 1:15 water-borne
urethane and ~crylicr are lower iri
toxic compounds compared tú
conventiorlal solventnba5ed finishes
while providing similar durability.
____,~._,.___.______~.,._.~..~n"...'_'~~","'
Applìcc:Jliot\:
Low vac wood fini.h.. can be
used in most appficatìons where
solvent-based finishe. are typically
used, If solvent-based wood finishes
must be used, they should be left
to offgas for three to four week.
prior to occupancy.
=~~=~'~~"'~'~~~~'M~'~'~~"~'
Benefit:
U'ing low VOC wood finishes reduces
offgassing into the home, improving
indoor air quality, and reducing the
formation of urban smog.
Low!Nö-voe þ¡11r'1t
",,,,,¡,,,,,,,,\"';¡'",,!'(II,I,\I\I'\I\I\I\I,W".WI:::\,'\''''':::,'''
-
~
~
~
~
Z
m
~
"
o
~
~
~
~
o
o
~
~
.
~
~
;
~
"
~
'"
C
r
~
t5
"
G"
<?
,"
l:
'"
~
C;
~
I
o
"
'"
::0
~
5
<?
,"
¡;
'II,
-
~
~
~
w
~
~
~
~
o
~
~
~
z
'3
5
~
z
w
w
~
~
;:~ ,,, r':
Ii::
hl:;,h:~: :!-:'; i\.~\' 1:0;'ìi,i1.:1 ;i+ïi~'J,·
......_"..__._'_...__._._._-,,_._"._'_.._..._..'..~.,.,~----_..-,..-
De~cr¡ption:
Salvaged building moterials ore
.electively and caref¡Jlly removed
from buildíng5 for reuse. Many
salvaged møteri¡¡:¡ls are superior tD
the products available today such
as old-growth non-structural beams,
flooring and ínterior trim.
. "W'W'·'''''·''''_''''·''''W·W.._~'~'~·_''~·_·~'
Applk~)tl{)'1;
"
Z
:J
,"'
C:
~
05
".
"'
~
t,';
J..:
~
C
"
Use salvaged building materials the
sélme way conventional materials are
used, Please note, salvaged painted
wood items often contain lead based
paint. Use lead safe painting and
paint removal strategies identified
by the Alameda County Lead
Poisoning Prevention Program -
www.aclppp.orglhazard .shtml,
"''''_~'W=W==~"='~M'='~'~'~~~
Heflefit:
:~;¡
7
Using salvaged building m,aterials
keeps valuable resources out of
landfills, reduces pre"ure, on the
landfills as well as offering the
homeowner inexpensive and
unique materials for the i>ome.
i.C:'
1::..
~
~
2
a
m
z
~
~
F'nrrni.lldehyde-f-'rt!e ~1!:!¡Jiult) l)"r\sl'I:y
Fïberbo~rd (MDF)
n, U:~),\~
:~l·~t.Fi¡: \~Ui:::H·jj·;
ií\li.1b Nt> ji,dt;i~:idi
~.~-~_._._.__._-_._---_._..._-_._.__.._.__.
De.scrfption:
Engineered $heet good5 5uth ô5
p¡:¡rtíclebo;;lrd and medium density
fiberbc.,d (MDF) typically u50
adhe$ives tha.t contain urea
formaldehyde, . 5u.pected human
carcinogen, The formaldehyde is
continuously rcle"scd, refcrred to
as ioffgassi ngl', for years after
installation. Formaldehyde ofl-
gassing contributes to poor indoor air
quality, Better alternatives include
MDF without formaldehyde binders
as well as sheet goods made from
agricultural waste, such as straw-
based particleboard manufactured
with non-formaldehyde binders.
~~,_,~·~~~~·'~~m
Applit:~ltior't:
Whenever possible, eliminate new
particleboard and formaldehyde
based MDF inside the home by using
solid wood for stair treads. extenor
grade plywood (which uses the less
dangerous phenol formaldehyde),
M DF with formaldehyde-free
binders, or straw-based MDF for
shelving, cabinets, trim "nd
substrate for countertops,
==,~,~''''''='''=,="~~~w,~,===,~~
Benefit:
Elimination of engineered sheet
goods containing urea formaldehyde
reduces exposure to residents,
particularly children, who are most
5usceptible_ Sorr~e boards made
from agricultural waste are superior
to wood-based particleboard in
r'noi5ture re5istance and structural
properties, and provides for the
reuse of a former waste product.
I" :I,he ;"':(''''11' ,:;,:;:1::11"
1\1 ~ :·nj::';~.w:.¡,~ ~.,: i:,Î.~ I::
~.~~-~=._~.~-~,~._..~--~
DústripLior'1:
Exterior plywood uses phenolic
resins that offgas one-tenth .s
much as interior plywood. Interior
plywood tYPically uses urea-
formaldehyde glue which oflgas>es
into the house.
~-~.~~-~-~~~".~~,~~~~~-----_._.-
Application:
Substitute interior plywood with
exterior plywood for custom cabinets
and shelving.
__·'_·_·_~""_"'·'_'·'··__~~'~'ß"'~·"'W=W'·~'''''·''__...._.,..___._____
B~nl;!fit~
Formaldehyde is a suspected
human carcinogen and should be
avoided whenever possible,
High-quality, non-toxic and environmentally responsible cleaning products are readily
available, Choose products that are non-toxic, ammonia and chlorine-free, as well as
biodegradable. These cleaning products are a5 effective as conventional cleaners, without
harsh chemicals that can lead to health problems and atmospheric ozone loss, For tips on
how to make and use toxic-free household cleaner5, call 1.877.STOPWASTE for a copy of
Easy Recipes for A Healthy House.
,. , ,'n,','",',',",' "''''''.~'''·W'W
·i~,ni /)1; :F i,:r\':i :>:':: :¡,
p' 1'" :¡::,:I:~::,~11,J!'Ò ':')i' \I:I\:!)"
."~~~~~'~~'~=""~'W'"'~"''''W''.~_
Description:
Using non-toxic, low permeability paint
or sealer to seal exposed particleboard
or MDF will reduce the release of
harmful gasses and is the next best
solution to elimination of particleboord.
.~"~___,ww·_.~_~,,,·,,~·,,,..,,·,_..~,..,.~·,,,_,_,·,__·_.___.._.____
Appli¢ë!tiöll;
Whenever formaldehyde-based
MDF or particleboard is used, seal
all exposed edges of cabinets,
undersides of countertops., stairs,
shelving, etc. with at least two coats
of less-toxic, iow permeability paint
or sealer prior to installation,
~_~,~~..~___.~~~~~,.,__,__,___.,._..".._"....,'~'","=".,"'w
Benefit:
Sealing all exposod particleboard
reduces exposure of harmful emissions
to residents, particularly children,
who are most susceptible,
FL í,~~iin r::nn,CI¡;1:
Ç:Üii:¡'g:ii (>~;;,tin,)¡i¡ ¡\I¡:n!)~"i(~:¡i
fiJI' ::!Üc~'jnr fmH1J:
_~~'~=m'~~'~
DescriPtiQn:
FSC certified materials (e.g, trim,
doors, shelving) come from forests
that are managed in accordance
with sustainable forest practices,
It is particularly important to specify
FSC certified wood instead of
clear, knot-free trim as this material
is typically harve,ted from non-
sustain;;ble, old growth forests,
______~~_~~~,~.~=~u'~~n"~~'~'~=,,=
Applici:Jtjün:
Use FSC certified material' in any
application that normolly u,e, con-
ventional st.¡:¡in~g,ri;lde materials.
B8rHdlt:
Sustainable forest certification a$$ures
that the forest from which the trim is
produced is managed in 0 way that
will assure the long-term availobility
of these precious woods while pro-
tecting ancient, old growth forests,
~:L U:HI Fk,i1r:'~::"u,jf,:¡!(:wr¡ i;:f
FI¿1t; y't:i~:~'â,·Cu'¡j"1/3 nt T!'¡~~1
~,~~'-~~~
Dest.ription:
Finge"¡ointed trim is manufactured
from short pieces of cle.r wood giued
together to create fini$hed trim.
recycled-content trim is made from
recycled polystyrene/plastics.
~"-~~=~,~~
Ap~) icatíön:
Use finger-jointed or reeyc led-
content trim in any i;lpplication
where trim is to be painted.
~~.,~._,__._.________,..__...,...,~."..'"'M~
Bt;!nerit:
Finger-jointed or recycled-content
trim is straighter and more stable
than conventional clear wood, and
u~e$ materials more efficiently.
"
"
~
~
Z
œ
"
5
"
.~..~,.~'~~"~~~'~.~W"'W'="W~=·W'~~ ~
"
~
o
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
;
¡;;
j 0, ::0'i::r!,():;i 1/1(1: ,;'.,:; ~',' ~;"I,,:,;'I :,!~';I \i¡';-;¡.{:,(; 1::n'1
Sy:¡;i;·¡.':':íll
Description:
Whole hous.e vacuum5 exhaust
the dust to the outside rather than
cOllecting it in a bog that may not
filter the dust effectively.
..,~,~"
Aprlication·
Whole hou5e vacuum 5ystems
must be vented outdOo,s, not into
a garage, and not to any arc~
where air may be taken back into
the house.
__~_""~~."~=,=,~='=~=_~,,~ww,'~_·__
Bi:!nctït:
Whole house vacuums expel the
dust outside the house whereas
m05t vacuum cleaners do not filter
the dust effectively and mereiy
redistribute the dust that is most
harmful to the rMpiratory system.
This con oggravate asthma and
other respiratory problems.
If installing a whole house vacuum system is not feasible. consider purchasing a high
efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. It catches small dust particles that are typically
blown around the house during vacuuming. The EPA has determined that indoor
particulate dust is a significant health hazard, HEPA filters reduce exposure to these
harmful particulates. Children, asthmatics, senior citizens and others with respiratory
diseases can benefit from reduced dust in the living environment.
. , '"'''''''''''' '"'' ""'"" ,"'''''''~~'''I~n(\lIo~',:'n','~'I\,""I\:" ,,,',,', ',11,,\)'::\:" ,,\
-
"'
~
~
œ
C
r
o
*
"'
~
[~
7
~
ø
."
o
~
T
;::1
"r>
:'IJ
I·r~
5
o
C
ili
-
"I
"
~
~
~
~
c
o
~
~
9
~
=
~
w
w
~
~
""I ::..;:. 'j ..'!, C;:; 1'1;: ~,\V
":¡''''(<<:i;:lti,!:;
,",'
;;~';:If :':~¡! C:I~~::¡"
,"
I ,,': ~':"
\X/¡GC''':;
Desc(¡piiú~~"M~'~~'.'""~~.'-~._--'.~."-_._--"'_.-
Certified wood flooring comes fram
fore,to that are managed in accor-
dance with sustainable forest practices,
Certified wood flooring products
are available in a wide variety of
dornestìc and exotic species.
~_"~~~'W"~~M=~"~
Ap¡Jlic::!tion~
U.e FSC certified wood in place of
conventional hardwood flooring.
_____·__·_~,__"'~,w_.__~.".,"".'.m"."~~..".~..
Bemdit:
Sustainable forest certification assures
that the forest from which the floor-
ing is produced is managed in i3 way
that will a55ure the long-term avail-
abiiity of these pre,iou, woods while
protecting ancient, old-growth forests,
('j
7
~
'"
~
(:1
c5
(!:
'"
~
(";
"
2
..
,,,
"Z-
-ï
r.::.
:5
~
"
~
õ
~
5
w
B¡j(nblJl~ r looring
~
o.
"
::;1:"1 I'\'~
1{i':1 ~':':~ï '\i¡I.('.i'1.'1 ~ ,'I
Nj::;I:n!'í,:\::·;'
-----
Description:
Bamboo and cork flooring are alter-
natives to hardwood flooring_ Bamboo
is a fast growing gra55 that can be
harvested in three to five years,
Cork is a natural flooring material
that i5 obtained frorTi the outer
bark of the cork oak tree that i.
regenerated every 10 year$.
~",.,...~,.,'"'.=_,U'~,^~'~~~M'~.,_,_,_~,~~',~.~,..,~___
Application:
U$e the"" alternative flooring materials
in place of conventional hardwood. It
is important to specify a durable finish.
Benefit:
Fast growing, rapidly renewable
floor substitutes are attractive and
reduce pressure on hardwood forests,
Bamboo is as durable as wood¡
cork is naturally fire and moisture
resistant as well as sound absorbing.
';)" if I),:!!: n (^ i:; ~r(·¡~1 ¡:j" C'1'i;\.I:.i?~'j'i'
{:.(ft:~r:il~ -nil::
~~~~~-~
Pescription:
Recycled-content ceramic tile can
contain up to 70% recycled glass,
Originally developed for high traffic
commercial conditions, recycled-
content tiles are very durable and
wear well in residential applications.
._--------".,.."--',.,--"'.".,~,."._""...,.~,..~-',.,....""..~."'"
Applic:<Jt.ion:
Install recycled-content tiles wher-
ever conventional tiles are specified.
__·'_·_'·'''''·'·'''',",''''''''n''·'·''''',"'·''''",''''''''n''''.W""~"·'~_
F.!f:!n~fit:
Some recycled-content ceramic tile is
very dense which significantly reduces
the amount of moisture and stains that
are absorbed into the tile, making it
more durable and easier to maintain.
'!'¡." j::~!::;. ,í;li! :!IL: HI·,:,¡ ·"i'i '::' ': :¡H,'"
P!z¡¡:;:G (¡;f
--_."-_._-~
[)e::;çription:
Natural linoleum is manufactured
from natural materi¿¡l$ 5uch 85 çork
and linseed oil. Unlike vinyl, linoleum
does not contain petroleum-based
products or chlorinated chemicals
such as PVC, which may be a
source of VOC offgassing. There is
also concern of byproducts such as
cancer causing d ¡axins, which may
be produced during the manufac-
turing of vinyl.
~-'_.~~~..,-,..'_.~"~--~",.~~,~
A¡JplitCitiön:
Use natural linoleum in place of
vinyl flooring.
,"~~_'~.~""_'W.M~.,"_~"'.
Berlefit:
Lìnoleum is low-toxic, easy to repair.
durable, and stain resistant. Linoleum
can last up to 40 years whereas
vinyl lasts typically 7-10 years.
Dust, dirt-borne contaminants, and chemicals such as fertilizer and pesticides are tracked
into the house on shoes. Using a doormat, or preferably leaving shoes at the door, reduces
this source of toxic contaminants. A doormat is an easy and inexpensive method to reduce
toxic materials that would otherwise be brought into the home.
,·,·,,·,,·,,"'''''.LI\,''
\""."'",',¡::,\"\I\,:\<,,','.,, ,
IngrEJdi~nb 01 Nc.lt.uté:ll LllÌÖleutn
"
t
o
:~
,
~
,
~\
¡:
;¡
"
,
~
o
i, Ui:~;~.J
C¡,;~ :1i';',:t':¡lt~]
i.'ì ~ì Fir:::::i(1:;F~d i:" k~¡;¡,1
.,~~
1;; ¡'t:::¡:"t?;¡1 HI.:: "..\''::,: I"~ ,'!:::L::Hi::E)::~,¡
De~Gfipï.i~·:~·~'·~~-'~~~~ D,,;~~~";pti;;~-;~·~·~~,..~·_·..,~·_~·_,_·
For slab-an-grade additions, the
concrete can be polished, finished
with expan5.ion joints in various
patterns or stained with pigments to
make an attractive finish floor. This
approach is especially appropriate
for radiant, in-floor heating systems.
'"""'~~"'"""_"~.~_.~.~,,,.._.,,,,.~,.,~w,~."~.,_
Appliçation:
Use this approach for finished
basements or additions on slab
construction, Finish must be
designed and con$tructed when
slab is hcing poured.
-~--~-_.._...._..._,..,_..._._._..,._-~ . ..._,-"~,~~="=,~,
Benofit:
When using the slab as a floor finish,
it eliminate5 the need to uße other
flooring materials. It is durable and
"a$y to clean and can be used to
hold piping for active radiant floor
heating or as a thermal mass for
passive solar heating,
Recycled-content carpet is made
from recycied pl.slit bottles,
recycled nylon/wool or recycled
cotton, Recycled-content carpet
does net differ 'in appearance or
performance and the price is
comp<:Ir(.lble to conventional carpet
Some recycled.content carpets
include agricultural by-products
such as corn silk. Carpet tiles as
well a5 broadloom are avaiiable.
The Carpet and Rug Institute (CRn
has a Green Label Indoor Air
Quality Test Program which labels
the VOC content of corpeting.
·__~W·._~~·W·_·~~"__""_·_"'''_·_'''_'''_''''_'''''_____
AppliÇ.ation:
Use recycled-content carpet ín all
~pplic~t¡om;. where çonventional
carpet is specified, Choose carpet
that meets or exceeds the CRI
Green Label requirements.
ReSDurce: www.¡;lJrp~l-r:Jg.~'¡¡rl~
I'<..."~~
.' !jo¡~ "
1:'\111';': L:~,¡:;¡f"~"'\:~:,1,C:ii
~._._~-~~-~
Bene-fib
Recycled-content carpet <aves
resources and dívmi5 wast~ from
landfills. Approximately 40 two-liter
soda bottles are recycled per square
yard of carpeting. Recycled carpet
is often more rE$ilient and colorfast
than carpet made from virgin fibers,
Look tor carpets tlHlt meffl
ör üx~ccds the CR GI"e.~n
Labt:!1 reC]lJir~ments.
Use low VOC, water-based sealants and IDw/nD sDlvent adhesives when installing Dr
refinishing flooring. When installing laminate flDoring, use giuela$s installation to
minimize offgassing from adhesives.
'",\.1"">«,1\1.\",'"\:,:":"',::.1,,,\1\,,,,,,:\,,, \1".".'\"",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,..\',,,,,,,,,
'"""·',"IH"H"'y""·,,,,w\l\l"'\'\\I"""·" "'¡'"",,'''
-
"
111
m
z
m
c
,.
~
"
ø
~
~
~
o
:>
,.
~
.
¡;;
c>
z
,n
.,
~
c
c
~
~
~
'?
'"
~
'1'1
(',>
:;J~
,.
"
~I
'"
~
"
o
"
'"
'-
-,
"
I,
i '1/,:
".: ,: ,\,':."..,.¡
I,
Summary of Green Building Benefits
~
~
¡;:
w
"
i:j
¡,¡
§
;;
~
"
w
w
'"
"
i5
1;'
~
, ¿
",
"
~
-
46
,,' ", BENEFITS
1. Recycle Job Site Gonstruclion ;:¡ndDernoiition Wa~:;te ~educes pr'e%ure on Ii:lndfilb, [¡aVes rIlQn.;!y hy r~duc.ing landfill fe¡:s,
i!nd provide!; raw materi¡:¡l!'> for futur€ building produc:t~.
2. 3¡:¡I\I."I~1e Rf.Us.ðble RlJilcJing Matel'i~ls RedlJr.~~ landfill deposit:=:., decreases diSpOSeJI CEJsls C:lnd ::><:IVOS !1,!tural
rBsOurCo::!::i.
;,). 1~(;(nO(jell()r Mixed Ur,:c, Äi.i'H)!iVú RÚUf;C, MI~~ 111~;Wrie ·'((\s<.'rvatlor} l)l¥crt~ demolition Wiì~,te, I)re'.ì(-r\/c!:' np,i2hhQrh()(Jd Ch;;Hi:.Içt€'!r and
conservesr!:!SOUr¡;BS.
4. F'rO!f:c:t N(1tive ~~nll
Fh~dl)çeÐ $tQrro runoff, [t)rtili;!t,r Rnd p(!,sticide reqLlireIT1!:!nts, irnpTOve~
water lIUC:lllty ¡md I:{lfll;erves irrigi:.:LIl!n w'-'tter.
Help:> r.m;\\lent soil <::'.lo:,io(1, nlaìl1!...,ilî~'\ p.xisting source.;; of natur¡¡1 cooling.
diverts waste from landfills, and i.ltld~ <.1LJr'liqLlt cMracter to the community.
Minimizes erosion and water IJoll~tiflfl, and protf!e:I$ the Bay.
Reduces the vol\JI'nt:'! (If pr,IlIJtf!d water flowing Into river~ ur 1118 BélY.
~;. Minln,i;:e. DI~(lJption Or Cxi:!i'ling Í"I¡;nts and '('reots
6. Implement construction Síte StOtrnwater Practlœs
7. Pro!f!r.t W;:¡ter QlJality with Landscape De~i¡;¡1l
8. Design R~~Q\Jrçe-F.Jfiçit;!nt Landscapes. and Gardens
HelDS c/)Il~er~ water, reduce.:; use of cherniti.lls. i:lnd cn,,,,leS
healthier soil õll1d PI¡H'\l!i.
Gonserves Ilatl~ral r/;!,;;c¡urC;t;!!:; i'llcl ~trf!r,gthens markets fot"
recyi::led materials.
Heduœr¡ 1.:1nçJ!.)ç~jp~·. w.'H0r IJ~,e ¡::¡nj lowers water costs.
9, F<el)~)e M<1tell(~IMU:¿'f:! rìe,~ycled"C()tW~~1t Marerial~j for
Li:lrlwSGlpe Art~~s
\0, InM\'I11 Hip,tl Fff1ciencv Ifrlg,Hiøn Systems
11. Provi(1e for OI1-Sitf! WMer ÇM,chl")lf!n1./Re.r~n\iOIl
Red\Jce!1 the ne.ed to 1J~f! 1r¡;ated, potabl," wi:lter for lawns, and ª<'Irden~.>,
~', I~ I:,:,,:;:: ; L: ; J: : :1: ï
1. Incorporate R!:cyclEd FIY<lsh in Concrete
!nçre¡:¡ses the strengtfi imd d:lrabilil)' of Lf18 t()l\u~LI:) ¡jnd r'MlJce~
Ltli.' <11~IC1un1 ot cúmûnt flc~d(:Ô,
2. Usú i~t!(;y(;18d-Cül1lúr\\ Aggr!.:gi:1Le
:.,. 111~.III¿;te i'-l)lH'\dM'iot1 ßefore ßackflll
5aves monty, nalural reSÚlJiceS and ellet'~y.
fìedllœ~ utility blll~ IN ¡nini,nil.illg heat los!'i.
1;..:'1'
,:1,
I,'.""
1. Sub::;litute Solid Sawn Lumber with Engineered Lumber
Reduces demand tor virglll lurnbur', is Slron~er', strai;¡:hter, and more duæþlp..
Ensures lon¡;¡nterrn i!vail;;¡bility of preciou!> woods.
Uses 50%,I!:!ss wood libCr. will M1 twist, WL1rp or split. ~tronßer anri
liP.ht~r thall ''?xlO!5 QI' ?~ 2.15 i nd Ç~f1 :¡p;;Jn greater distances.
Eliminates waste. Reduces tho:! pre!)~l,Ire on old growth forests.
2. U~,e FSC CeftiflM Wood for rfflmin¡;¡
3. Use Wood I-Joists for ¡:Ioors and Cl3iling:;
4. Use Web rloo, Trll~ses
,5. [)€~.iP.ll [nerr~Y Heels cn f<OOI Trussi7!;, 6' or More
6. Use FinE]er··jointed Studs for W.rtical Applications
Allows for f\JII in~\ul\,Jlioll (¡rQI!IlL! the houS€, saving I:!nergy ;::¡nd mOllty
Uses recycled-content l1lateri<lls, is stTiJlghh:11' <Iud slrorlgur than solie! sawn
stLlds. 8nd f!lirninati7!~ çrooke(1lNall~. thereby reducing material waste.
EngineE red studs are straighter. <'1Ild will I¡~)l uú'för'i'n, lWit>1, spilt or
Wi1rf), Ttley ~.>;IVE;': W;)()(1 !)y lJ,.ing srn:3l1l~mil1i1ted pieces.
Steel reduces ¡'he l1¡¡ed for wood ¡Hid providlds :strong ir'ltl.o\r'ior w1)11.')..
Reduces inflJtra\lorl rGI<llive lo tr~fn8 (:on:oll'ucth)I1, is:,energy"efficient,
pro<lide~ excellt;!llt 5Q1mdproofing, i~ ereçted quickly, and saves wood
by elirninCJtir1~ much at HI!.: {;(JnìltJlilium.!1 \rt\rning lurnr)~~r.
M~kes the !lOrt\s rT1ur¡: f:H\Ë'gy MII(;iel~1, SDyt~; wood a )(j ç(lf1~trt.Jçtion
costs, It also alloWf. 'for a 11IEhf:'.f perc;~nt¡¡Re ot I'he wall to be insulated
reducing framE! conduclion Il!:'<Jlloss.
, r~~dl)ce5 re~(lurC€ çon~l.JmptiÇ1n and landfill depo~,its, and is often
M higher quality lb¡Jrl riBV' IlII'r¡bCr'.
fh"'!çI!JC~~i th~ neEd for lar"~;e diameter old-growlh trees. is i:!~ strolHJ as
lradition,,1 plywood \>!Ied rn~lùrial and Is less expensive.
7. Use Engineerf!d Stud~ far Vertical Applici!tions
8. Use Recycled-Content Steel St'Llds for Int~rior Framing
9. Use SiructurallnsLJlatEd Panels (SIPs)
lO. Apply Advi:Jnced FriHning Techniques
1]. U~e Reclaimed LUl"1lbúr 101' NÜrln$tr'uctural ApPlic<~tlOF1[\
12. lJ.<;f'. OSA 1'("11" ~~III)fIQ(Jr:=..M She8thinf,~
-
~
e
"
"
~
~
~
~
ffl
ffl
~
~
c
~
ii
m
ffl
~
ffl
'"
~
','
~
ffl
...
"
m
C
9
J.;
"
S
~:')
'"
C.
'"
v·
"
~;j
T
~:~
¡:f¡
"
"
u
'"
'"
c:
i;
-
I'
¡¡;
w
Z
w
"
~
"
§
5
"
"
w
w
"
~
~
~
~
~
"
::¡¡
"
~
:;L I:.:'};:':"I,.¡ ::,:;!i';':'"
1. U:>!:! Sust¡¡inable [)¡:!çkin~ iv1nre~iah
2 U5e Treated Wood TI)c.'Il Dü~'~ Nöt CunL<!in Cfirurniurn or ArS8r1i¡:
3. ¡nMal House WI'I ) Under :Jili:!!!,;
-1. Use F"ib8rnCC:!ITjCllt Sidì(JfJ: Materi¡;¡1::>
L , ',:'~ ~" ,\~:
1. I m;ti:!1 I Watf!f H~:".tN .Ji1C:k!';!,
2, In~ul~ll: Ht1t and Cold Water Pir)~~
~j, fh:trofit all Faucp.ts and Showerllead::; with FlQw Rf7.dIIC'¡!~
4, Htiþl¡ (;€! Toilets with Ultra-Low-FII.I!;,h MCld(¡',I!\
5. In~..t811 Chlorinc rilLBr Ö(1 ShlJWerheads
6. Convert Stor<1g\.' \.0 T¡mkluS5 W¡¡ter Heat-:r
7. Inst::!:1 W"t.¿!r Filtration Unils ,'Ill ilut:f.:Jb
~. II'~stall On-Dem;:¡nd Hot Wl'.tter Çirc1.Jlation P~HIlP
. t:: i;~:/ (; n ,:1:
1.. lœt.JII COni;)::]!':! fluorescent l.i~ht Bulb!'i (CFL;)
2. IllstatllC·AT Rei:es::;ed Li¡.¡hilr1g Fi.>1ufes with CFl..~,
3. In",Tall Lightln¡:: Gontrols
4, In~t<J1I Hiê:h Efficiency Ceiling Fan!) with CFl..!5
1'::
~
::¡
".;
§
~~
'"
~
",
ð
~
~
:;'
'"
l,o,J
"
:J
w
C!
'~
Q
I.~
',J,
S
-"
~
1. l!"Iso,all Energy Sta~J [)i~,hwa$Mr'
2, Insh)1I W, r>hing [v1achine with Wah"r and Energy (.Qn5eIVati(Jn F€atllre5
3. Install E:n€rRY Star'" ¡:~\~f~igcríH'(¡r
4. Install BuilHrl ReG,/Clillp' Center
(I, ii:::"""
1. Upgrade W¡¡II and Ceiling ¡n!¡~llatil)l"I t(J F)((:i~erj Title 24 1~(~quil!':\(\Wnl$
¿ Insl<111 Fluor Insula1inl1 Ov(~t' Crawl 's['I(ì(':(!
:3 InM,~1I ¡:~e(;y(;18rj-Corllent, Fib~!rgl¡:¡ss Insulation wiH¡ No Açt(i(~çI
Furrnaldehydf!
4, Uso AdlliHlced Infiltration Reduction Praniç~~!5
b. U!>8 Celiuiose Irlsul¡.}tion
<1,)
W
~':
~
6. Im¡tall Alierna1:iv(! II't$liI",tiol1 MMe(¡al~
BENEFITS
Cont<3il'lS recycled-content rn[Jtcri~I~, i~ i'mjr(' dur<lblù ¡HId r8ÛLlLi25
("Iern::¡nd for old..grollio1h timl¡ers,
Reduces expasurP.1'o c:hromi¡Jm ~lÌd al"!:~nl(:, whi!';ll ar0 h.'mntlJl, P¿¡fti(:
ululy to ct11idren wlW ;)1,1:{ on ~lfllctll~Ú~ lnllll W'llI'l lrei.ll>!d wuM.
Protects the 110m!? by diverting wate!' away fmrn thf:! W:'III ç;'lvity.
Last::; longer. is firê!-resistant, ¡me! reduces 11l<linten¡::H1c~! costs
RedllCù:; nÙ<lllö~,::; by 10"'/;" (fJrl older healers.)
Saves ~nerp.y and wat~~I, iìr)1j r8dlJ(:{j~ wal'er tl8"JtirijJ cü~t.g.
Saves watct ~jM i~ .\ low (;(I::;t üpli{.1r1.
Save:) water.
Redul::es chlorine ab~r"bp,;~1 t)y ~){In.
S¡:¡v€!¡ energy, i!¡ ofter¡ quicker find rnol'e reliM¡h:'.,
Redllces cont;:¡minants in wat~r.
Deliver I'¡()'l w<"!lcr' r..¡uir.;kcr' to fixtLJrB, si!lvlng water ,:lIld energy.
Lowen;; ell€r?'y bills and r'('\1uœ~ rlucd 1'(Jr (~m~rgy pwducliorl.
Seì!~ elle'fgy !;!nc1 redq("€!'i the ,\I'(lount ot rlcat lú~~\>ig;:'in,
Reduces n!':!ed f¡:If en~rgy and IQwp.l'~ e,nerfì\' bill~;,
r~educes the núed tor' ~ir curldiliúnirlg. Salles energy.
R8ducés wafer and ener~y IJse, and lowers IJtility tJills.
USi7.S le5~ water arH) únú¡gy Ihi.111 corlv8ntlonal top loading washers.
Reduces energy and ('f.n ~;;¡\Ie ov~r W(!th on utility (¡III,
Makes it easy arId convenient tQ re.çy!';Ii;'!.
Lower's utility bill:>, i;¡~proVB:; Gom[ur!, decr£!ases heating arld cooling
needs i1l1d makes heme qIJip.te.r.
Lowl.::r~ utility bills. irTIprovos romf·ort.
f"(eol)('i7.S ¡,.(tOor <'Iii (~U,~li1.y r.\rol¡lmri:; dUB to 'orrTIiJldehyde binders, and
c<:In cO!lt¡¡irl up tCJ 30% recyc:led gl,,~¡~¡.
f'H:dll(;e~ draas, óll1rj rrl¡Jkes horm~ more el1ergy-f!tïïçil'!l1'l'.
Ir'creõ:~~s erlBrgy-efticier¡¡:y, Llses recyclahle rTI~Hel'i¿¡I~, '~n(j çont(!¡~I!)
11(1 fl)rf"I),"Ilde11y(ie.
Uses r!:!cycl¡;id-content ¡naler"i;-,Is and pmvllif,s ~,upf!ri0t ;~I( IIlfiltr'iHion
resi~Mnce,
i, 11':1: :'U,~'!\;II::i
]" In.<;.tòll Enem;v"E.fficiùnt Wirld()w~;
2. Installl..ow SHGC Window Film ()11 ~~il1gl~·{;1~7in;.1
Ii ~':.:; ~ I.; L~¡¡ ¡ i',;j'! ~i!~ ,;j ,! \.: i::. ï:; II ,":. ''': 'i ï::; I";', ~ :'{\i i\;'::, :,;
1. lh~ DlJ(';t M.¡Wc (1) (III [ilid .J0iiYl~
2. In::;tall New Dudwork within CCJI1dil·ioned Sp¡¡ce
8. vent r:~(¡nw: Hood to tM OLJlsid¡o
4. Clean all DI,J(:t~ R~fQr~ Q¡;C~JP::IIKY
5. líi::;l¡¡1I Sol¡¡r Attic F¡¡¡l
6, I l"1!.>tal I Attic VI!n1.ili.Üion Sy::;tl3ms
7"ln5t¡:¡11 Whole HOllse fall
8. Im;ti:!11 S¡¡aled Combustion FLll'r¡aces and H,]!' Watp.r Heaters
9. Replacp. Wi'!I -MolJntp.d f;:leçtriç (jnrl r;a~ H!!A.tf!r.,,;
10, 111:;l<lIlIJ SEER arid 11 EER ~)I· Hig!ler f\ir CC1rIditioning with <I
Thermostatic [~p;1n$iQn V\ IVi~ (,xV)
11. Inst¡¡11 Air Conditionil-Lg with Nrm-HGFC Rf!fri¡;;Fr¡¡~t!'i
12, 111~.\tall 90';·b ÄtHIl.rM ¡-u81 Ulili:liJ[ior\ E!rl(;iefl¡;y (AFUE) Furn¡¡te
13. Retrofit Wooci RIJrlline Firlml\'lC:f:\~·,
).4,. In!'it;:¡1I Zoned, Hye)mnlc, HMlan1 Heating
15. )n$1<111 HiRtl Ftf:cien(;>f Filter'
16. Install Heat Rp.(:Qvp.ry V~ntil(3tiç.n Unit (HRV)
1/. h\sh\1I Scp<H'¡:j'I~.:: GeJr<::gE Exhaust Fë1n
t:-:: ,'I:~ ::\1 ~''i ;!1 : ,:i ~:: ;;¡ ~:'):: ;):/ :(:i,~:, ':,1
1. Pre-PIIJmb tor SQI;:.,' WMer He(!tlllf.;
2. ¡r\:;l~111 Sül<'lr Water HÐi:ILir1g
:J. f.'n':"Wlr(; júr ful.Llr(:: f·'hlJlovlJltc¡ic (f'V) Im;le:¡lla[ltJrl
4 lr)sHIII ¡:;'hotovl)lt~ic (f.'IV) Sv~lc~n
6. Select Safe and DLJrat}l~ Rü()f'mg Materials
6. Irlst,11I R<'1dii:H1t B¡mif:!r
1",'",1::,,"':'
;:I:::f:''',,¡,,;::!
1. Irltcrpür¡¡te P<Jssive Solar Hea~'irlg
¿ Install övt':rtlang~ Or' Awning~ uver SúuHI hìCing Wir'ldO\I\I(;
3. PIClnl O!.:!(;iduOLls Sh¡:n:!!.:! Treos Or! UI-:J W\:jsl ¡md Sl1uth Sides
BENEFITS
Increi.ì'De;,; enetl;1,y"eff1ciencv, and provides j\(ealer comfort,
RÇ!rJuC:e~ nverl1p.fJting, imprQve:; çomfmts and lower~. the need fcr
Mdiliùr"1,11 {;Où11nf\.
II't1r>r(\Vf.~~' IMOI)! (,Ir cIU81ity, ;Jnd keeps tile lìome~" ¡nOre \~onÜ0r"Wt)I€!.
Reduces energy loss and improves occupant comfort.
Irnp1öves indoüt <iii qlir.1lity,
R(;',OI)(:e.5 dl.J~', (JrOIJf"JO tht';! hQLJ;;t';! after Qcçup¡:¡n(:y.
Increases comfort ¡ rl(j reduces ~ir conditioning use.
IrlL:r'8<1ses coli'llor\ ¡.ll'ld r'cdlJt~i; ¡j r' t';örldltioning I.Ita~.
Reduce'D electdclty uS3(?,e, and mO'.'es larHe volume~ of air to i'lchif7.vp.
comfort at higher temperatures without air conditioning.
Improves indoor air quality, reduces the danger of carbon rnorloxide
contamination,
RE'!d\)r.e~, fire h:;¡zard, SAVe;! p.nerw and imprD"~e!'i ¡Ilonor air quality.
Saves J1l0118Y i:!11¡J ¡)1'lùr~y. ~Uld reduGfi:> þ\::~k, I"Lld ~flIbltrn:,;.
Reduce!'i depletion of the Olone layer.
Rrddu(;8S .:Iir erni::;:sio]'l:;, costs Ie:!;::' to operiHe, ¡wJ ~avù(.~ n':iWr'c,1 r'/)';Ollrçc'!!'i.
Hí~('hl~f:!~, (1r~,f"t$, poll¡¡~<:1nt f.Jar\icul,;¡l.e matter and the amount of I,eal'
li:.lk8r\ I'ror ¡ ltl~ hU1118.
5avt.$ ¡;:nergy by onlv 11e~tinB the zolle that requires l1eM.
MaKe~, livinp; ~ip;:¡ce heatttli.;-.r. ,¡¡nd r'edlJçe~. rniçr\)p(lrtiçUI.;.te~, from tile air.
ImprQves. indoor air qu¡:¡lity ¡:¡nd reduces energy.
CrB¡,¡tes hSeJllhif.:!r ¡rldoOf Urlvittlrllnl.!tlt:>.
f)¡=¡ve~ I"il00e,y ~,hnl.lld a ~QI"r !':iystem hp. installed in Il1f! tut,lJre.
R~~dLlces the use 01' gõl::; or (:>k~tlricily, arid .J~y oock in <is liltl'2 ðS S~!\IGI1 YI",-,r\;
Alluws irl::;~,<' llalI0n 01 ¡.IV sy:';1ür\""l in HIt future.
[¡ecrca~e~:; I'e ian(;e 011 conventlol1(!1 power pl(lnHì,
Reduces landfill deposits arid saves money on replacerneni· costs.
Keeps the whöle ~1uffl8 c;Oülèr by rMUting heM build-L1Þ i11 ¡¡!.tic \ì(.\!içet..
R(:>dur~e:::; h~atirl .È. rl:)Quirern8rìts by 30-50%, ~v(, s er~(1rgy ¡)nd money,
HeJIJCù l1eat ~,[a;n, rn..Wlr\(1 tt1¡;: hOll'1e more c0ll11ortable
in SL.:l1lmer.
R~dLl(1.:J SLllr'¡I'rlm ¡jir-(;or'ldilionir~g tost:::; while þl'ùviding 1)LI¡,n~r'Ous be(!.:~,
fits to the €.l1vi(onm!';nt.
-
~
e
"
"
;
¡;¡
¡:
ª
m
~
5
"
"
~
<;I
¡¡
"
~
"
'"
'J!:
'"
~
i"
'"
"
"
co
c
"
"
r
:2:
'"
'"
~
~
'~
"
D
i'i-'¡
~
m
~
o
u
'"
C
¿
-
ê
::;
i5
œ
g
9
"
œ
'/:. I ~'\i: :",.,' :.\;: ~,¡i; ;'::1:: I':.: .;, I:: ):::: {'\I;,":
1. (,he Low/No-vac f·'(IiM
2. Use Low vue, WatBr-B¡:lsed Woad FlI1i~h!~s
;1. [he Low/No..VOG Mhe~ivtJs
II. U::.e S<Jlv:;.gf!d RllJli"ilrlg M(rterié1l:ò ror' Ir\l.¡,:riúr rinit,lì
5. Use Engineered Shee.t Good:. \;tin'", No Mded F()r'l"i'1(11(1elwd~.
6. Us!:! Exterior Gr¡¡d~ PlywI10d for Inteflul Ur;~~~,
7.151';);:11 all Úlpm;sd Par'l'icleboi:lrd or MDF
8. t)!',e FSC Certified M~lI':rh'Is.lor Interior Finish
9. Us.~ FinB~r'·'"lolntcd úÎ r~(~~yl~lf.:Id-Cönlént Trin\
!i
Œ
"
1;
~
Œ
"'
~
"
~
'"
]0, Install Whúlö House V~cuurn Sy:¡t~111
I"
'"
1. Seiad FSC CertiIif,!d Wood FloorinR
2. U!:i~ R~pl(1Iy r~{~nowi:lble rI(1(Jrir\g Materials
]. Use Recycled-Cünient C~¡"~ml(; Tile~;
4, Insl<lll Natural Linoleum in Piaçe Qf Vinyl
5. Use Exposed Ç!)nÇ:rd~~ ¡)$ Fini~,hcd floor
5. In~t:;lll fìi'!ç-yCIM·{:ontent, r~mpe1. wil.h Low vacs
~
~
1,.1
~
o
~
,,'
~
~
~
f
~
"
",
....1
00.,
L,'
~
:5
~
"
:.:.:
6
~
~
m
2
u,
w
~
e
BENEfiTS
Imprüv~'s indoor air quality, r!~dIJce~¡ srnüg, "nd i~ iìe,3Ithi!:,.r ¡'or
il1~t;;.lIer~ ~ncl occupants,
R0.dLJC~!S smQg And i!'; tH;!;rllthier for installers c.ìnd oC(;LJpant~
·Irnr.)"'oive:; indoor air quality, and ¡¡f!: hf!AI'I'l1im 101' (¡Ci'";Up?,'!b¡ (' nd in.':I,i!Ií¡;r.=:..
K~)up:.ì ¥;)Iu<ible resources oLll ot I<.mdfill.
fh,diJc(~!;; ~~xPQ~;w~. to forT¡'\~tlliehVde PI(Widu:.ì rCll'.>iJ ()f õ1 !orrn8f
w,1sl~ prúdutl.
1Ü:~dll(;e:.ì torrnaldMydE:l E!~pOSUr8 to occ'upants.
RedlJce~ expO~~I~ of MrTnful '~I)l ~~,ion!.J to Ú(;Cli~,1rIU¡
AsslJrsS the long-term availability of pre~.iQlJ!5. W()o(1~ while
prQtl;!!;'ting I>llcient, old,p.lüwth tl)r(j~,t:;.
Uses material more efficiently, saVe!;! rn():1(~Y :'¡f1() re!:";O\lr'ç~~~;. <ìnd
is stralglltcf and lnofú; stablt them (;ör\vr,mLioni:ll cle¡¡r wood
FXI)(!I!;; dl)~t oW~.\I(!e the hou~e, IrnptÜ\lì'ng indoor ~1ir' ÿLl¡¡lily
AS~;~)lef, the lül1g-l8rrr\ i:lv<:Iil<tbilii'y or'woods while protecting ~1ncier.l,
old-gmwlh f{Jrp.~t!'i.
Redu¡;B~ dê!rTlimd for old-grow\h hardwoQd.
U:;c:s r(;cyclI.:Jd-cúrHenl m¡¡terials and is easy to rnain~'"irl.
R!;!d~çp.(; e~pO~'I,JI·e '\0 t\1xil1$, 1$ dUI'~ble. OInd hf¡I.\lthier f¡')r OCCUP¡Jflt~;
.lfId in~lélller:;.
Elir'Tllr¡¡\l~s lhe rleed tor ¡¡dditioni:ll l'Iooring TT1.;!!'!:!rial:.,
ise"sy1'O m,1intAin, :¡!no Ilery durat¡ e,
Sùve:; rèsourc¡:s, diverts waste from landfill~, i~ m()¡'f; rl7!:;ili0.nl
"nd colorfr¡M than carpet made from virgin 'fiber:>.
, ,
Green Remodeling Illustrations
-
"
~,
m
':11'1
;::¡..",O¡:;
~
"'
§
C
m
¡;;
.",.,Z:
,"
"
" ¡;;
~
B
~
w
51
-
New Add ition
Consider the tollowing green remodeling options in a new additiun.
Site
~
z
o
~
Œ
~
~
\1
~
o
:;:¡;
~
Œ
Z
~
~
Œ
~
to R~çyçle Job Site C;;.n:,;[ructiör'i "u)d Dc¡.'no:ltlon Wa~te
. S:;¡lva,ee fìellsable l3uilöing M;)krl<IIS
to De.:.ign f~~~OllrGi)' Llti~ient u.:'Ind.~c;)p~$ and G8n:j~n5
... Pnwlde 1'01 On·,~lle WðliJ/ C,JI'()\rrWílt I f'{ctcntion
Rerw)del for' Mjx(;d u~\;. ¡\(j;)[.\l'i·~~ fìell~ aM Hi~tori(; Pr~r\t.:Ition
Install Hil?h Fffi<;lt~l~ç\, Irri£~rll(¡l~ Sy~.tem~
Reuse M¡:!r~.ri:;Jls or U!7\e rtecy(:I~,j'CQnl.ent M~r!;'tial!) for Lanct~¡ÇapE:! Aref.l!;'
Pratect N;:¡tive Soil
Minimize [Ji~nJpti(ln 01 EXI~tilÌf, f)lðFJtS ,)nd T(e~~
Implement Conslrllt:!lü(! Sill.! SltlrrTIwc:¡ll::r Þrac:tir.:;ù:>
Foundation
IIì~OrpO(at0 r~e(;y(;ll:!d F'IY<1:;tl iOl C\.1nGrel~
.,. U!':I'; r~e(;yclecJ-Contcnl AfJ~rcgi.l[(~ k1r ß<.'Ic:kfill Dmlnage
Il1sul;;¡t!! FOllnd",ti(l11 Rfd(lr~ Hac~fill
Structural Frame
"
~
~
o
~
~
~
"'
c"
~
~
"'
Q
~
~
I.LJ
Z
:J
ç~
:::,
t!J
",
Z
'J
SLJbstitLJt~ Solid 0('1WI"I lumber \/Iitll EnHil1eer~d UJllllì€1"
USf'. FSC Certified Wcoe) fOr' hõ1m'ng
U~·.f) Wood kJohtf, lOr ¡','10m:> ¡:rld Céilirlgt';
II" Use. ()SR for Subtloor and S)1<::Mh1rl-"!
Use FingernJi)irrted. b~}{lr)eí:\r'(;d Or' t;teel $tlJd~ for Vertical ^pplic:ati(lil~
II" Use Recll'.limed U.JmtJer
Use Web Floor Trl1!>ses
DC'.;lgn EMrgy Heels on Roof Trusses 6" or More
Apply Advanced Framing Tf:!r:hni(lIJp.,¡;
Exterior Finish
Uf.,(: Su::.l",inab:B Decki:lg Materials
lW.~ Trúi.Jl!.:ld Wuod thi!t Does Not Contain Chromium
or Arselliç for Dt7!çkil1P.: ¡¡nrJ ~~ill PIMes
Use Fibp.r-C!:,,!ment SI(:inp- M,ìttrií:\l;;
Install House Wrap Undet· Siding
"
Plumbing
~
'.1.1
Irlsh!11 Hu! W¡j~,8r J;::¡C)Œ! Insulation
,"
w
it:
"
ClH'wed Stor<Jge TO Tallkle,¡;.:. WMer Hf7.atf!f!';i
InslIl;:¡te HQt ;::¡nri Cold W::!t~r ripcs
Retrofit all F.=HJr:!:"!t$ ímll ~:ihnw~rht7!ads with Flow Reduœrs
RI!pl¡¡ce Toilets with LJltra-l.ow-Flnw MnrJels
Insl;ol: Chlorin~ FiOt(!f \1n Show~~r'llead
Inst~l! W"ter ¡'-iltra!iOI'1 lJnit~ M F.;IlICf~t!';
InstiJlI On-Oe:l1(1'l~i Hot WMf'x Clr~lIl~tioll PUI11p
LiglU colored 4( ·)lÐíH
cDlÐþasltllJiI ShmahlS
-
~
S!Jlar het wa1¡ r hl;la~iß,g ! ,Ystèm
.~._.~..
1/1
Ii
.:~~III; ¡.. ,;.¡,.mmmrilll.mll.
-----aJjj:ul1 , lilll II t\llllI~~ f¡}A IT1iJI
.1"lIm¡r,.TI ¡..rnr:nI".'I''''II~
fu;¡ger-J(!inteil Dr '
EngitlC~rctJ stud::;
-.-.-.--..
.1it':T!!.'~I!~I1iTt'!~
.:t{T1;t;lI.HIII~J.""
.....lr~J,1'ffililr;w h II~III.,_
Electrical
Install Compnct FllJor~;;¡;el1t l.ight Rult);,
Insti!ll Lighting C¡)ntrols
Install High Effiçip.nr.y Ceiling F~n:, with CF\.r,
Inr.t.~11 In:i\JIMion·(";onlp(:ltible, Ait',·Tir.ht rece~;ßed Lighting Fixture!;
with CFl..s
UP2"rll~e tQ dollÞle piilliI ,
low·£ wlmh:w
''''''.j
FÎber caln!!111 Ii¡ding
~
~
J.. ,.ii: ___:"".'~'''"''''','''''a'''~
R.ocyt od-COIIMltlnsLI atlotl
willI no added fcrrilaldehydè
Insulation
Upg¡""dC;' W~II iHl(1 Cel:ing In!',(Jli:I('ic)n to Exí;e:ed Title 24 Requirements
Inst.all Recycled-Content Fibergl~1ss Insulal'ion
with Nfl Added f:'01'1"n(jl(1~hyj0
U~C ^¡Jv<:1nc8d Infillr,jlr¡)r'i Reducliór'l f'>r<.1Wel;¡s
U~~ Cellulo~~¡ lilS:.JI¡Üiurl
Ird;JII F1tx¡r InSLlI::Jtiol1 Over Crawl Sp<lCE!
Windows
IrlSliJl1 Energy-Erf'lci~!rll Windows
Install Low Sol::¡r H8ðl Gair¡ Coefticienl Window >:"ilm
\)(") Sing;e,·(ìll'l;>ing
"'.'\""".,'. """ ."n,'''.'''m"""~,,"^,\,,,,"''''''''U''
Heating, Ventiiation and Air Con~itioning (HVAC)
Us.j Ducl M,j$Lie Or; <.111 Duct JOint::.
Inst<.111 New Duct.work wittlin Condltioncd S~!aœ
Insl<.111 90% ar G(,l:~¡[(:r Ef!i(:h:W~y Uae; r:ùrce(1 Air FI)I"naç~
In~;tall Allie Verllil<iUM 5vSU:mì~ or Solar Attic Fan
CIr>Æl all Ducts. Bejarl: Occu¡Je!r1ey
IIl~t;:¡1I Wholf'. HOl.Jst! Fall
Rl':!pl¡:¡œ W!ìIl..MQlmt~rI Electriç and Gas Heaters witl1 He;:¡f Pll!!\C~':;
InMall ï:(JI1~d, Hydml1ic"¡ Radiant Heating
Rt~tr(Jfit Wood BLlrning Firepl¡¡¡:es
Install Heat RecavBry VenlilãliOrl U(i!t OHW)
Install High Efficiency Filt.er
Install 13 SEER ¡)nd 11 EE.R (or hig~H;r) Air' CúndltionlnfY,
with Non HGFC rlefriger"n;' wit,h ¡1 TXV
hl::õtall Sealed Goml)uWol1 Units
·'WI,":',"'~\n"n"\I"I\',\1\1"ml\"l\
Renewable and Solar Energy
PrîJ-Plumb or Install Solar Water He(itirlf! 5y;;101ìl
~'r~-Wire or Install P!1otovolt;:¡lc (PV) Sy~tem
!¡),::t,jll f~¡ (1i¡1nt Sarfler
S~].;:ct Seff! ,')nd Dur¡:¡hle Roofillg Materials
!\!\'\!!\J\!\W\) H!\V'M',"',,,,,,",,.¡',,,,
Natural Healing an~ Cooling
.. Incorporate P8ssi\ie Solar Heating
4 Irlsl,'111 O\lcrf1angs or AWrll!lgs oller Soutl1 F~cin2 Window';.
~ PI(ìnt Deciduous SI1::Jde Trees over the West iJnd South Sides
!!c¡!!\,·!\!\\",!\!\!\'C,,,!\,^,,,,u!d!\M,¡,¡',^,"!<,,, .,,'w
In~oor Air Quality I Finishe$
.. Use Low/No-VaC Paint
'"''''''''''_''',"'W,"'''
U$e ~,Qw vac, Water-Bi!sed Wood Fin ¡shes
U!;P. Low/No VOC Adhes.iv8s
US!'! Exterior Cri:ld~ Plywotld tor Il1t!:!riúr' U~I.::S
lIs~ FS(. Cp.rtified Materials tor InterirJr Finish
Seal ~II F)(P0$f'.d P¡:¡rI,lçl!;!boarrl or MDF
.. USt r':¡rìger Jointed or Rec.ycled'·Cont~ll1: Trim
Use Si: lvi: ged EJuiJdiflg M<:iICrials for hne¡lúl' Finif;t)
US\! Engim!ared Slwcl GùMß ","Inl No Add(~(j Forn~S'I(j€l1yd~
Irl~l;)11 Whole 1-IOU'iiÜ v,)ClJuO\ Sys't~rn
Flooring
Select F$C Certified Woüd Flool·ing
U~ìr, f'~i~PI(Jly Renewabl~. Flooring Materials
Us!.: R\)Cj!Clü(J.·colltent Ceramic Tile
Install Natural Linol!d~m irl PI,)¡:(,..' vi V1rIY"¡
Use Exposed Concrete as Finisrl!dd Floor
!n:!'.tAII Recyr.led-Colltent Carpet wl~h la..... VOC~;
-
~
~
~
~
z
~
"
Ii:
c
z
"
"
~
"
"j
~
~
¡¡
'"
",
.
~
~
"
'"
c:::
~
"
"
¡g
"
~J
~
,..
'"
z:
^'
"
".J
ff,
~
§
~
"¡,
::".
$
-
Second Floor
Consider the following green remodeling options in a second floor,
~
z
o
~
~
~
~
~
~
'-",'n"',',"'.":':.\!',''''':,'''',"''
Sit.
~
z
~
w
o
~
w
~
"
w
W
Œ
~
R~çycle ,Job Site CopMruction and ONrlolition WœW:
S"IYðge Rel¡SJFJle tWllding M,ite¡iCjls
Implement (;on~t,rl, (:tioll Slt.e ßt(!¡nlwatef ¡~njGtlce~
I 'I ," ~ I'
Structural fram.
SubMitl¡h~ :-;t¡lld S"wri LUlnl.l~r will) ElIglrl8f.:rú(J LUrr1bl~r
U!)e. FSC (;eltiti~{1 WoM 10r h',lInirlB
Use Wood I-JöbLs tur Floor::; ¡md Ceiling::;
Use osa lor Subtlüor i::Jnd Sheathing
U~(:> Finger-Jointed, Engineered or Stf!el Stud~, for
Veriic<'!1 A.1)P ic~tl(JlIs
USe Woo Fluor Trusses
De~lgn Erlergy t·j~.~el~; on I~ool rrll~t;c::; 0" Or More-
Apply Advanced Framing Tp,c:lmiqllf!S
~
:;:::
,co
~
o
"
w
~
"'
"
o
~
~
"
",
'"
.~
,:-1
'"
~
5
~
"
~
~
"'
"
m
'"
w
~
<,'
Exterior Finish
Use Treated WoM tl1<.ìt ùoes Nol Cúr'll<lin Chr0íniUfn Or
Arsenic far Decking and Sill PIi!1F:~
Use Fiber-Cement Siding M¡¡te:rial!';
In~tali HOllse Wml) Under Siding
Plumhillg
1r\~,;I.JI¡,)\é Hut <1nd Cold Water Pipes
IrlsÜ11I CIlIIJIIn+.! F-ïlter 0:: ShQwerhead
1r'1~~ClII Wi:Jte~ Filtri!tion U;lit!=; at Fi!¡!c;e~:=.
]rls!all OnnDerT1i!:ld Hot Water Circulation Pump
EI.ctrical
Irl:>tClII CompClr.t ;:llJor~:=;r.el1t Light Bulbs (CFL~.)
Install [..ighilllE COlltr!òl~
I nsti"J1 I Higr. f'ffICI~n¡";>/ C~ilir"lr. Fan~; with CFï..~
Install IrlslJla'l'il:'I:"Cl"lmpatihlf'.. AII'·:righ!. r"Ìf!Ç.f!~"0d (ighilng FI~tur't':!~
with CFi.~;
40 YCilr [;omjiöSltloh rOQfing
1' I rrnr.wIIII'~'''~
"'::i
....-~~
-
---
.:n''''.HO'''':.II,&-II'"'I:4111
-':!lIi«W '~II.l!Iil l..
Insulation
. Upgrade Wall and C0ilir\~.( lrìsul~,ti(lrì tö
FXŒed Title ?4 R~qlJirp.mp.nt~,
In.::tall RE!cycled,Content Fiberp,l.w.; 1¡"~':;LlIé1lion
witll No Added Formaidehy: e
Use Cellulose and Other 1I.li~rn;:¡fve 111SlIIatioll
11\~l<:l1l Floor Irmll<lllUil DI'>.::r C~<!wl Sp¡:¡ce
Ellglfl~!!rI;lQW[ [lQ ¡.j[lis!
i:: ~,{:':',!:F',':
T -----
, """ .,,: '
"" ,
,.
"
~1I.1·1r :JI""UIf:IIII.:rn<m.~ni]lroTiI".:
.1i11;f.IJII~~~
Windows
. Install Enerf,yÆlfic:i~nt Winclow$
.. Install low Solar l'lca!' Gail. COell'iCie:nt Window film
on Single-Gla7.in~
'''''''''''"'''' """""""'<,"i"""""'''¥'"''''<,!,H'''''''''''''''''N'' """~''''''"''r\'"'''"''m''\I
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
,,,,,,..'
Use Duct Mastic on all Duct Joints
Inst;:¡1I New Ductwork within Conditioned SpatÐ
Cle.;ln all Duds Before Occupancy
.. In~'tall Whnlfl: HOIJ!;i:7. Fan
InstRl1 90% or Gr-eater Efficiency Gas Forced Air FlIrrlClcl:.'
Inst;:.¡11 Heat Recovery Ventilation Unit (HRV)
Install High Efficiency Filt€F
Inttall13 SEER and 1 j EI:R (or l1ighp,.r) Air Cnlldliioning
with Non HCFC Refrigerar:t with a TXV
Inst,,1I Sealed Combustion Units
In!';tall AHk Vf'.ntilation Systems or Solar Attic FeJn
""""""""'''^''''''
"''''''''''',^,'',,,\,,
Renewable Energy and Roofing
1r1~tall Radiant Barrier
~Ir'e-Wlrc or Install Photovoltaic (PV) SYBtf!m
Stlect 5af0 ar~d DUrable. ~¡oofin¡;: Materi(ll~
""'"'''''""''."'"''''"'''''"'',,,,,\1\'''''
"':,"'\\':"'"',''::,'':''',>!!,:'.,"IJ'''''''""'''''''''
Natural Healing and Conling
. InC'.Qr¡)Qr:'!tf! Pa~~\iv!;': Solar H!".ating
.. In:;t::>1I Ovwh~ngs QF Awnings over S.outh Facing Windows
"h ".'~':,,,,,,..,'..\!w,:,Œ'" h,,,,,",h',,,",,,·,,,,
Indnor Air Quality I Finishes
U::;e Low/No-VaC Paint
USf.:I Low vac, WCllar-Basùd Wood nni~hes
USr;,: Low/No vae Adhesives
Use Exterior Grade Plywood for Interior U~t!::;
Use ¡:-SC Certified Maleriais for Inlerior Fifllsh
Seal a]1 Exposed Particleboard or MDF
U!'>ing ¡:ïng€f Jointed m· Recyç.led-Content Trim
U5in& E"ngineer~d Sheet Good:=" with No Added Formaldehyde
n. ','h· ,,1'1';"-1
FIDDring
Select FSC Certified Wood Flooring
Use Rapidly Renewable Flooring M<l18I'ii.tl:õ
Use Recycled-Contsnt CaramlC Tils
Inst¡:¡1I Natural Linoleum in Place of Vinyl
In:=it:;¡1I Rf!çycled-ÇontE'.nt Carpel witl1 iow VOC:;
-
~
~
"
"
"
~
"
"
g
"
"
"
~
~
~
"
~
!;
¡:¡
"
"
~
I'!I
",
:z
'"
ç
~
~
,',
~.J
¡:~
6
"
r
:;
M
'"
·C
~~
::T:
~~
¡:¡:;
'"
"
'"
o
o
,,,
c:
J;
:"1:'
-
Bath room
Consider the Following green remodeling options in a batlH'O(!rn.
Site
. He~1l;k' Job Site ConstrlJçtiOIl ;;¡nd Demolition W¡j:.;l(J
S<':v< ~:(· Rcu\;able Materials
, \I,." M.. '".,,'''~'W'''''
'"
z
"
~
~
~
~
'"
~
g
o
:;
w
~
"
w
w
~
~
SI,"Olural Frame
SlIbstitLJtp. Solie! Sawn LurT\ber with Engineered l.umber
U~;e FSC Certifieø Wood for h'ã111in~
Use Wnod I-Joists for rll}Or~ tint! Ceilings
[hi'? O~,ÆI for $LlI)II(JUf ¡¡nd She3thing
U5~ Fin¡;:er"Jolntcd, Erlginl:lered Of Steel Studs
(or Ver~,ic¡:¡1 Appli!;atioll~
APply Advanced Framing Techniqucr;.
""V\,,,,'\'!\'IM'!\\I'JW
'-""11
PlumÞing
InM(j l 'N<Ilú~ Ht:alH Jacket
C{Jnv~rt Ston..1gc to Ti!nkless Hot Water Heater;;
In;;lIliìt~ Hot ~rld Cold Water Pi[1~5.
Ret~'o:lt ,)11 F,\w.::el::; and Showerhenrt. with Flow f"ìeducer&
Rp,.pI8CÚ loilcb with Ultra-lnw-Flow Models
Ir:t;t:all Chlorine Filter on Showerhead
Install WóJll.:Jr Filtration Units 3r F,;Ill~.et$
cO
:; In!',lall On-!Jljrnr:H1d Hot W:;:¡ter Çirqll¡¡tiol1 P\JlTIp
'"
"
"
ã Electrical
~
:;;
9
~
~.~
Imlall Comp;,çt FliJor¡;$(;e~t Ligtll ßulbs
1¡j~l<11I Lighting C{)11trol~\
In";!'iJII H1Sh t:ftic1í:ncjI Ceiling ri'Jm, with CFLs
Instal: In!;ul(!\,IOr1"Gortlþi.ìlible, Air-Tighl' Recessed Ligh:'ing Fix'l'lJff'.~,
'"
1,\.1
~
:J
~:~
:::¡
"
"
~
g
Insulation
Upgr;:¡(!€ Wi~11 ¡'Hid Cailing In~,ulation to
exceed Title 24 Rf!{wirelnents
Irls~'<I1I Recyclec)·'(\)I"iten1. FH¡úrgl¡¡S:'; Insulation
wi~n No AddÐU F:örmaldehyde
Ur,(\ Mv<.1n(;~d Ir~filtr¡¡ti{11l Reduçt,;on Pn1l,~tke~
(J;,~) Ce:lldœe <HId Olh!:lr Aiterr:(,3li\i~ tl1$~ll(rtIOI'1
~
,TI
(;:;
w
(l~
"
In~.tail r·Î¡.1ür In:òulatiorl o..er Crf.!wl $paçe
Clmlllí'ltil fluorescÐnl bUlbs
T
.:Io.,.....¡.¡ ¡IUI'm.' ·1,[011_______
Windows
1
,1',1',
,,:1:;'
Install Ene.ftw·Ff'fic.ient Windcw~
InM;;.1I Low $OIi:1[ 1-I(,<1t, G'-1iro Coetficient Wi~)d{)w Film
Or! Single-Glazirlg
\w,,,'\' '\',""
Healing, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
U!':e Duct Mastic on ;)11 DI.JU Joir,ls
Install Nev,' Du(;twork within Cunditioned S 1;:1L'":f:!
Cle;;¡n <.'III [1uclt> Oclur~ Occupi:mcy
Install $e~IM Cur'nbustiür1 Units
Ir~~tãll High Efficiency Fil!-er
ì
II1II", " " ,', ,',
"1" ,',
k
llitWur...'mÞll11lmihl.,lIll,l....__
-
'I"~,"~
~
~
~
¡¡:
"
o
o
m
r
..
"
'"
r
'"
"i
~
'J
D
Z
~
";\,
",,(
UJtra"~()w·Fh. ~h u ih~t
T
'<"'>\u
.""\;'\
"
~
1"1
.
w
~
~!
"
c¡
c::
Õ
~
!::
"'''' u,,'''~'''''"'''' ,,,'.
¡;:
'"
S;
7
G
Indoor Air Quality I Finishes
Flooring
Use Lowl No-VOC 3nd Formald~~hyd!!-Fre[¡ PClirll
U$f: I.r¡W YOC, Wnt~(-B,lS~d Wood Finishes
. lhe l,Qwr'NQ 1/0(; Actlf!f,iVt'!s
US-I! Exterior Grade PlywOOd for Interior Uses
.. lJ.'1oI:) rsc Celtlfie:(J Mate!i;;\lf.: for Interior Finish
SCioli ~~II ~'.x.~),)~(~(j f-'(jrtldeM~rd or MDF
Usi:1g Finger Joinh!d or Recycled-{):JnLl)nt ":rlfn
Use Salvõlged Building Materials for Irlll.!rilJ!' t:ïrlisrl
USË Erlgir\et~r'é!d StH:!cl GOüJ~ witl'l N(1 Adde( rOí:n<11(te~)yje
. Use Hecyçl~fJ.·(;OI1H!llt C~:I·alTl:l:: Til8
. lr1s\~11 Natural l..inolelHT\ in Placf! d Vinyl
Us~ Expc~>ed Concr~tl7! ij'f, FIrIISI;~d Floar
,"';
'"
"
-
110 Inst~11 r~~\,~y(~I/:'.d·{:·()n('~rI\· Ci:lrpet with Law VOC::I
z::.,
-
Kitchen Remodel
Consider the following green remodeling options in a kitctlen relllodel.
Site
,..,.",.,,,,,,, '''''''''','<
Rer;ycl.;: JI)i) ~ji!c COI1~,lruction and Demolition W('I!;te
S~IVi:j~W Rel.l:.ahlF! Materip.l~
Plumbing
In!'ilJl;:¡tf! Hot and Cöld Willer Pipes
Retrofit all h.nlceLs witt1 FII"w Rf!ducf:;l'!;
Install Wt1tCr ~:Ilratlon Unit~, at Fawce.t5
Inst;:¡11 On-Demand HüL W~ler Circulation Pumr
~
z
o
¡¡;
~
~
~
"
:;!
~
a
c
o
"
w
"
"
w
w
"
~
Electrical
,,\\ '"<I'''¡'!\''¡¡I:''Iw.:<"~',¡·,'',,,:,',"',n','','',,
InM,,1i C!.lnlpact FIIJnI'p.~œllt Liftht I3l1lb~
Instéllll.i¡;;llting (';~ntrol!;;
!n::.tall High F.tti81f;ncy Çli)llirlg Faris with CFLs
Installlr1sl,JI\'!I,lolì-Gompatiblr.:. Air-Ti~ht Recessed Lig"htinF: Fixtures
Appliances
""""^""><"""',,,\', \.'\'"\'1'''''''''''''"'''':11.\'''''':'''
Insti:lll Erlf!lty ~~'t:î(l" DI~hw~:>h8r
IIî~t~1I W¡:¡shillg M(jçhine wl:h V'/c.11!Jr ¡Hid
Energy ç{)I1~;erY<.iliùrl h~¡.¡[Llres
Install Energy Star"" Rdri¡;t.:!ralor
InM'ìll Built-In Rl:!cyclir1£ Cp.nt~r
InsLllarlon
"
z
::¡
",'
c
"
~
~!
,=.
w
ð
T
"
~
UIJgl'<.1de Wall and Cellmg ImLlI¡.1liull Lo
E)'cel;'!d Titl~ :24 Requirement
In~tall f~~'C.I,I(;I!::d-Content Fiberglas.s Insulation
with No Added F'i)ll'r1i.!ldNlyde
U::;c Advanced Infiltr(jtlon kúduction Pmctices
U~t' Cldllulose and Other ^1!f.:rl\¡jliY8 Insulùtion
1rI';l<.J1I Floor 111~lllðti(ln OvCr CriJwl Sp¡¡Œ
',,,,,,,,,,,,,,,'.,,.,,,,,,,,.
~~
;c
;1:
Windows
·lnM¡¡11 EnereYnlclricient WindGw~
Install Low SoliJr He.aj G,:¡in CCJ€ffiçient Window ¡:'Hrn
Ofl Single-Glazi!'1g
..,
=>
~
,"
?:
c
~
,'"·""""',,,,m<.
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
ro
c.,
w
(¡.
(.~
Use Duct. M<'11;bc on <:III Dud .I¡1il1~!;:
Vent kMge Hood to tile Olltsidc
InsttJlI Se¡:¡led ComblJstilÌ~ liM'::;
lil~L¡¡1I HI~h I;;fficieflcy F¡lltr
"""."
Natural Heating and Coaling
Inst::JI~ Ove.IMI1W~ or AW:1ing~J OVf!( $0uth Fac1r"1? WindOws
Plant De.çidl~O\l~.; Shadí! Trees Dr, th¡; W¡;s~ ('jiì(j Soulh Sld~::.
T
,....,..,. , " .", "
j , .,
..---
Su~tahl<lbls 11001'1112 wl~h
lDW/No \f(l(: Aril}aslVe~
""""'\"''''.
Indoor Air QLlality I Finishes
Use LowJNo-VOC Paint
Use Low VOC, Wa7<:,!r··f::I:.1~·;ed Wood Finish!:!s
Use Low/No VOC Adhe!:>i\ie~
US!;! E~to;!rlol· Grade Hywood lur Jrlteriçr lJ!)~~!¡
U$C FSC: Cûrllfied Mat!:ri.:JI::; for Int€riOI Fïni~h
$ù¡)1 <.111 Exposed Particle.bnard or MDf
l)W1f'. ~"Inger Jointed or Recycled-Col)!tr11 ¡'rirt¡
Use Satvagc'd Bl:i!¡j]I1J~ Matel·i.:¡l~ f('J1" Interior Fir'li~;~'1
Use [nglll('úrúd StJ!:!E!l Good!'i with NQ Adc!l'.:d rOrrn~I(lùrlyd!:!
tormalUehyde·treo nlalerj¡'\ls
i"
I .:IIm'l.bljllht¡l.
RIit;ycletH;!iIItB ~.tile
ßmlt"hll'eCYCUng I;ìIi!~tP.f
C0n1 J3cttlLulreSCel1t Ilghl
bulb:;. H1 IC·AT f )¡,t , r$s
Upp.ralted In$tll$liQI1
......:..::....-----.--
...,.~...............:f.,.'iNlH',l¡¡¡ffiTI. lnm
,~ ',,'
",
....-.......;.::~.::......If,I';I1, ,'r.w."II...",I.,.
''I
.~rll'!! ,.:4I~lhul:mmlnnlltlllnl...
.:I~I:I:IC1......r·1:_jr~rw~lr;:¡.
Flooring
S81sct FSG C8rlll'¡jd WüM n00rirìl!
!)(;e fh~ .'Ii!.1iy l'~t~I'lelJu,Hi'i~ F-·lo~mn£ Ma~erial::.
U'Ä1 Rt:'~yclcd"C0íll()(¡'. (;ûr"jr~iI(; Til~
Ir1S\~lll N¡HUf¡ 1 1._r )olr.'u/fI 11\ Place of Vinyl
Use [xPO:i8t'1 CiJr~~Nle ~" f' nlshed Floor
-
"
~
m
"
"
m
"
g
m
r
..
"
"
r
"
~
"
ª
'"
"
.,
~
'"
"
;=
9-
:;'!
"
t;')
6
~
"
"
~
"
'"
'"
C:
"
"
"
'"
C:
o
i"
~)
,,,
ó\iIeda.....IIII.....
O AllllitDi/i9SomIlldIEtionIll_1iIJd
www.stopwute.org
The Alameda County Waste Management Authority
is a publicjoint-powers agency comprised of the
County of Alameda, each of the fourteen cities
within the county, and two sanitary districts that
also provide refuse collection services. The Authority
is governed by a Board of Directors made up of
elected omcials, primarily mayors and city council
members, appointed by each member agency,
Funding is derived solely from waste disposal and
waste import mitigation fees collected at the
Altamont, Tri-Cities, and Vasco Road iandfill
sites, The agency receives no general tax funds.
Together with its specialized arm - the Alameda
County Source Reduction and Recycling Board-
the Authority offers a wide range of programs in
the areas of public education, green building,
recycled product procurement, waste reduction,
market development and technical assistance.
Acknowledgements
Special thanks to the foliowing building professionals
for their commitment, input and direction in
developing these Guidelines:
Development Committee - 2002
Ray Gonzalez Mark Davis
Merry Sedlak Toll Brothers, Inc,
Pu/tc Homes
Trece Herder
Jeff Jacobs
Centex Homes
Gregory Shreeve
Jason Behrmann
City of Dublin
Kevin Ebrahimi
Greenbriar Homes
Communities
George Thomas
Tricia Maier
City of Pleasanton
Pamela Hardy
Ponderosa Homes
Glenn Kirby
City of Union City
Project Team
Alameda County Waste Management Authority
& Source Reduction and Recycling Board
777 Davis Street, Ste, 100
San Leandro, CA 94577
510.614.1699 tel
510.614.1698 fax
www.stopwaste.org
Contact: Wendy Sommer
What's Working
57 Acorn La ne
Boulder, CO 80304
303.444.7044 tel
303.444,7013 fax
Contact: David Johnston
Disclaimer
The informat/oo prollldsd in t~e Guiœ/ines should be considered by
ctJt1I:I<IctDrs, ¡;m;hitf.Çt5 8m other ¡:xvfession8Is, as WGlI as ~¡ In the
CI:JCJSe t;Jf çk¡J-5igning 8fJd COfJStltctlrr; œw or mocJlfi(J(j slIt.Jct:ures. They iJr'fj
fX1;JViQed as a public servIce by tœ AltJmeda COUI"Ity waste M<magetner!t.
Authority 8f1d Recycling Board In an 8tt9ftfJX to provide Erwiranrmmtal
b&nBflts and reduce casts. The GUidelines 8re rot 8 substitfJte for the
(JXt3fCjse of SDundjvçJgerntmt in particular circumstances and am not
intended 85 recommend8tkms for particular prodtZ~ tJt ptæe!i.<;eS.
J.".'I{::.i; <~ I'~: t>· ','i'1' ; ¡';.': ,~; "I ~. ,.: I ':.,Í,<\)! i\ ',1\", I l'Y': ~',::J :(,:y, "~'~ j ')j'i', ! i ; ;~) " ~"',., p"'~', i, ,',.;',<~'; :'::(1";;1.',:' ('.~!,y\~: ii',; :,j::: !)\~ ;i: ·,1 ,: ~:~~ '.¡. (, ,.1:-:,1,: (:: 'i" Ii' .
June 2003
These Guidelines are designed for the residential building industry
The Guidelines offer:
.. Cost-effective suggestions to minimize construction-related waste, create healthier
and more durable homes, reduce operating costs for homeowners and support
local manufacturers and suppliers of resource-efficient building materials.
Methods to reduce the impacts of building in Alameda County communities;
including solid waste management water conservation, energy efficiency and
reSource conservation,
The practices contained in these Guidelines Were selected for their viability in today's
market and their ability to promote sustainable building. Builders using this booklet
can differentiate themselves In the marketplace while protecting our environment.
The Guidelines were developed through a partnership among local developers, architects,
builders, contractors, green building experts and staff of the Alameda County Waste
Management Authority and Recycling Board.
Agency Involvement
Construction and demolition debris comprise up to 21% of materials disposed in Alameda
County landflils. The Alameda County Waste Management Authority and Recycling Board Is
working in partnership with the construction and building industry on ways to reduce this
waste stream. Throughjob site recycling, efficient use of materials, use of recycled content
building materials and similar practices, the Green Building Guidelines provide an effective
tool to decrease the amount of materials that ends up in landfills.
Construction Waste Generated from a 2,000 Square FOOl New Home
§Y.P._~..'=!.æ_.._..',L;.X".:'j)}.J.::~".
"'.';':ml~Œ 7mU¡:W¡hn~
,,'1::",\),1'1111"""
~',"."::>::\'~;:,:,\ ii_ 1
"i'\"i:':/:II¡I'~I'II
",':i.:III¡II',I,""'\,',"f1\,f
¡.,.',:;;~IIII(:,..UI
,."1""1::":,1",,,,,',11,,',1,11,,""",','
\"""""":::!"-";'" "i'
... ,,::;:,:~t\:;FJ'"
. "',',':,¡,'\
"·"1'1
'"I'''
iJill!!
('·,H LU¡'(
I!"-ª.$.IJ". (.1 :\i~:::
.Mª:çpJ?.__.c.~:}~,,:>. 1:UI'\.':;
ç.º!J.çf~.t.§_~.~.~._,;,L_i:~~L~:~~~,.,..
TOTAL !" ,11 ',;1',':.
Cardboard (;, '/t': riJr~L_
\~,"
"':":'-:·"""1(,''(:(:\
\::/~I
!'I) ·r;1 /I~,' i'.'(1,'ï·;": H,¡,ï', \
,"~I \".:;.:,:;'"i;,Jr..h' irn:':.:·
,.'·"0: g;l~,:,'?~';
,,:'..!
/:)1;:':;,,:.,(;,,·1'"
r ,. ·:.'::V:'..i¡,":¡ih: ¡>;','L'r. :',1\1:':. ~'I' .;:""; ;,," ,';"~'~r, \~"",'
":,,,,...,,,,,
":''1''",'':,>"
TåbleofContents
Introduçtion
.....
~undamental Obi~f~jv~'pfg!!,enBulldlng
§enefi,tsßGreen 'BuildIŒ._
1,. OVERVIEW OF GREEN BUILDING
.~----,..".
§r~"-n__EJLlil.~!n.9,,P~C~~9~~._~j..
i.2." HOW TO'sTARTBUILDINGGREEN
3. GREEN POINTS
13
4. GREEN BUILDING 'METHODS AND MATERIALS '
1:<..:"> '
Ç,Q!,)f11ll~!!Y.-ºË!9r1J.~~u.~........~_,,_..,_..._..,..
"!\'L.~j,!~,."",,,...,.,_,:.,.,__,__,_,.,.,.,_,....___.,
EJ,Jou~_<:i!'_t!!'IJ_,."._.._.__.
c. Structural Fra,,'.
....._'. . .....".................---........-----............
'!:)".E:xt~rior Fi,ni.5.h.__..._.___......, ,_._._____._.____..."'..."
L"" Piumblng ,
E E[e0=rical._
G.Appliánçc,
,H",I.~sulatlon ,
!c..::\iV1ndows
j"He'!.ting, Ve~tilationand Air ConditioningJHVAC)
K;, Rel1ewable EI1~rgy and RO!"fing
1. J>Jatural Heatil1q and (90Iing,_.
f'!..L'ldgor Air lJuàlityal1d Fjni$hc~_..
iIJ",Floori,nH.",_""",.,_..,.,.,.,.,_",.,."".".,.,.,.,.".,.,." , ,...._..............."
, .....,'_."...,.".,'~,_.~,l~!.
20
23
. .......-----............--........---.---...............
24
. ........--........--.---.-.
27
28
30
31
, 32
34
....u.___
35
38
'40
41
44
5,SElllNG GREENHDMES
46
6. SUMMARY OF GREEN BUILDING BENEFITS
49
iChapterOne: '.
Overvi evv of Green Build ing
I "" ,
,,1'<'
_.,...",~,"._.~,~-
Overarching Principles of Green Building
1
2
3
Build for the long-term
Build a home that is durable and long lasting.
Bui Id for our chi Idren
Make their environment safe,
Build for the planet
Use materials from sustainable resources.
_·_~·,_·_'"',.."m""'.~".,,,, ...".
J
:;¡
<;:
"
~
"
~
~
¡¡
5
Across the country, in response to buyer demand, homebuilders are constructing homes
!!'
a that are more energy-efficient healthier and more durable - better known as "green
i building." Builders are changing the way they design and build, while er}joying increased
II!
/;i market share and faster sales.
~
About Green Building
Green building is a whole systems approach to the
design, construction and operation of bulldings-
from the early stages of development through the
final finishes in the home. This approach benefits
both builders and home<>Nners by reducing resource
consumption and improving livability,
ô
[;
~
8
,"
~
ô
~
.
w
Green building benefits are spread throughout
the systems and features of the home. Green
buildings use reçycled·content building
materials, consume less energy and water, have
better indoor air quality and use less wood fiber
than conventional homes. Green homes reduce
potentially carcinogenic volatile organic
compounds and formaldehyde from the interior,
and construction waste is often recycled and
remanufactured into other building products.
In response to growing interest in green building,
a variety of public and private entities, including
homebuilder associations and state and local
governments, are creating partnerships to help
build and sell green homes and communities, These
efforts help market the benefits of green building
and recognize builders who are constructing
healthier, more durable homes,
Homebf'yers increasingly see the added value in
a green home. For some, it's energy savings and
lower utility bills, For others, it's saving old·
growth forests. For still others, it's knowing that
their home is a healthier place for their children.
These Green BI.1i1ding Gl.1idelines were developed
to bring technical and marketing expertise to
Alameda County builders, The Guldeilnes are the
result of a collaboration among developers, builders,
purchasing agents, sales staff, architects, building
officials, green building experts, and staff of the
Alameda County Waste Management Authority
and Recycling Board. The expertise of these
diverse stakeholders is reflected through a focus
on practices and approaches that are most relevant
to Alameda County.
~
~
~
g
;:;;
~
~
z
~
~
m
~
w
w
~
'.'
Every builder struggles for market differentiation.
Building green is a practic~1 way to address issues
buyers really care about. A green building dimension
to your business adds a strong selling point.
Building green is good for both the economy and
the environment.
Green building is applied common sen5e, To demystify the process and move forward with
your construction prQject, it is helpful to think of green building as the convergence of three
fundamental objectives:
1 Conselve natura I resources
2 Increase energy efficiency
3 Improve indoor air quality
Natural Resource Conservation
Conventional building practices consume large
quantities of wood, plastic. cardboard, paper.
water and other natural resources that lead -
unnecessarily - to their depletion,
For example, wood is one of the most common
building materials, but is often used wastefully.
We have already harvested 95% of the nation's
old-growth forests - a trend that simply cannot
continue. Engineered lumber products such as
wood I·Joists, wood fiber laminates and oriented
strand board, utilize fast growing farm trees as an
a Iternative to oid-growth forests. These products
can use as little as 50% of the wood fiber to
perform the same structural functions and are
typically stronger, straighter and iighter than
solid-sawn lumber,
Builders have a rapidly expanding range of green
building materials from which to choose, Recycled-
content decking, reclaimed lumber and other
products divert waste from landfills, while
providing quality and durability that often exceed
conventional materials, For example, decking
material made out of recycled plastic resins
mixed with wood waste fibers can last up to five
times longer than wood decks, and never need to
be treated or painted,
Water conservation is another important issue. Wise
water usage reduces the strain on resources while
lowering expenses. Today, builders can take advantage
of a new generation of high-efficiency appliances
and landscape water management systems.
Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency is a cornerstone of any green
building prQ)ect. Generation and use of energy
are m¡¡jor contributors to air pollution and global
climate change. Improving energy efficiency and
using renewable energy sourCeS are effective
ways to reduce the potential of energy supply
interruptions, improve air qual ity, and reduce the
impacts of global warming.
Improving energy efficiency is also an economically
effective choice for consumerS, Lowering utility
expenses allows homeowners to el}joy the financial
benefits year after year,
The first steps to increase energy efficiency are to
add insulation wherever possible, install double.
glazedllow-E windows and upgrade to high-efficiency
appliances, Other energy upgrades inciude installing
solar water heaters and photovoltaic panels.
~
~
!E
"
'"
~
'"
~
<;
¡¡
~
~I'I
Z
rn
~
fiJ
~
o
"
,~
s
'"
m
~
c:
~
Ii;
"
Ii
~
ê
û;
.
~
"-
r:
"
"
'"
Indoor Air Quality
~
"
~
"
"
~
ffi
~
~
I
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) reports that the air in new homes
can be ten times more polluted than outdoor air.
According to the New England Journal of Medicine,
40% of children will develop respiratory disease,
in part, due to the chemicals in their homes. Poor
indoor a,ir quality is caused by the offgassing of
chemicals found in many building materials as well
as mold and mildew that build up in poorly designed
and maintained heating and cooling systems,
i':i
6
~
~
,-'
!(:!
8
~
0>
z
ð
z
One of the most common indoor pollutants Is
formaldehyde, a suspected human carcinogen,
Kitchen cabinets, CQuntertops, shelving and
furniture are typically made from particleboard
held together by formaldehyde-based adhesives,
The formaldehyde is released into the home for
years after these products have been installed.
Many paints and floor finishes also contain
unhealthy volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
That "new house smell" is actually the odor of
these volatile compounds offgassing and isa
telltale sign that there are harmful chemicals in
the indoor environment.
~
o
",
~
w
o
:5
'-'
~
~
g
5
~
z
W
~
"
~J$if1g ~olvent-Ftee AdheSi!ves
The building products industry has responded to
these indoor pollution problems by developing
alternative paint, finish, and adhesive products,
For example, solvent-free adhesives used in
flooring and countertops can eliminate many of
the suspected and known human carcinogens.
Paints, varnishes, and cieaners that contain less
volatile compounds are now commonly available
from most m'1ior manufacturers at costs comparable
to conventional products,
',:: ,:"":::,:>:,:. ."',':'. >:. ",':::::: .::"!::'::': ::. ": '::: :':.:. ':, ,,~,::,::' .':':'. :" ,," :::::,:".::: '" """ ',",:". ,:; :;:::...:><:..:::.;:,'::'::::::.:::>:::":
;' ThØState.'dfGr~ßn,è¡::iildi ng'2Q01",anÙ~ël ]rie~reett":/
: " : ~: ::" ,,:,.'::: ': :', \: ': ,:: ¡ '::, ": :: :' ::::; ::,..::::''':::::: i: 7'" :" ,,: I ::: : '.';::::: ': ":': .:: ':::,::;:: :! I',!:,,: \ ii' : ~ ':,"," :!:: ':', :', : :::' ':, "':': "', ':"': :.: :: ' ' " '..' ;:', :-:, ,i:: ':, "I"',' ,;'::: :: ':: ',: :' ,:: .::,:, ':: ,::: ' ,: ' ':, ,::' :: ',: \': ¡ ':', :' :: , : :', ;, ':'::: : ,:: ",;:: :: ,'" :! :;' ,i:'
.' Þ~ildi~g:.sÚrx~Y..Ç~~R\JO~G~;r~~~~r~~S:~~~ì~~~W~I;:.Gr()~p.
(pwbU$her'øf'WøœS$iQn¡¡IEJlcJi1.di'i(); ',i$r~f~tetl(jed·",";,. .",,' ,.....','.. .,..;.'..,
:-.': : : ',,:;::: ;' ,:: I:;: :; :,: :', ,:::;.Ii' '~',' ,:i ::',::'.':,,;¡: ?,'~;: '::'::::¡:: " :' ::: ::i ,~, :: '::: :'"::~:; ;::: ::;:;i¡i,:;':: ;:;.':: ;: ;;': ':: :: ::':: :;:-::,: :::: ::; i:;";: ::,:: ;;~ :::: :>':, :,:' :":;.' ':~' ::':' ;;'; I:, :;<:'::' :"':i'"
throug hout:the:Gui defines: ,fl:iiiiisur\teytargèted"C:ot1Ísurì1lers ..
, );:;: :" ::::, ":':::'::,' ::' '::1:" ¡:\:';, ~ ::':::::'::, '::,:",;:,:,: ;::' ::::,: ¡: ':;':-":"'':;:''':::'::; ::'::: ,,::;;':: ;:;'): :':,:::: :':::: :::':::', ':,',,~":':', ::":,::,, ,< :::: ,::,:,:::::i":; ':: ::!:: ::':;'¡:-, ::';:1:::'::1;::::::,;,
.. ¡~ndþUiWe~~\q()p1plet~sur\,eYTeStJ'I~~are~\'~iI.~plt¡.~;~:::..'.',.".....:.""" ~.,",. """
, "'h", ", .'.' ."".. "..""",,, ','·.."""..,',··,·",,,"",..,"',·"""1""" ,'''" ,
.www....ousmgzone:com.·....:...·.........····..·..<..·.:·....··.........·.:..·.....·..............:.·..::<......··Ii...··...·. ;i:,.
::" 1:::: ::':: :>::::;: ,i,:,,::,':::':' :',i': :':".':'::: ::'::' ;:',:;: :>:, '::::':' ':'::: ::::" ,:,:::; ': :::' :,:' :,:::" , ",:::"', ':"::":1':' ::;>::'::',:" '.<: '::¡;;: ::::, :,>:i'::::: ::':::,!:>:,::: ,:':": )'::',:::'::' ,:'::::::,:::: ,::: ::,:!:" :: :::::::-";<:::,\,,1":,:: ::.::::::
·;geferf!nce~;¡m.r,~Js(J ,,[l1êgg,toquêlitatii~,fopu~,.Q~( ûpre§eart!n 'R8tlØ,yi::te,dþy:
~hè..A'là;ryéd¡¡:G9ûmtYW~;¥~.~ci.riåg~ITïèn~·;ÄQt~?r¡tt¡nþi:;~()bEÌr2Q02D:;"'..<,I,,,
" , ,,,',,,"',',1,', """"'" ,'", ,"", ,;',,¡,
':':,¡:::i' ;'::,:~ " """ '\''''\'''' ' " \:'::i: "i;::; :i:'::"'" ,";;:' :i;>i:: :"
:' ::,':::' :', '::", :::,,': ',": ,:'" :'::" ': :,' ';':':'.' "': ': ' :' "",:" '" ,," ':, '''" : ' :, ':: ;.:,:: :.' ,::':::: .', ",' ::,:: ':,", :':' ':"': ::'<:<::.::", :,'"'' ""::::::: "':: ':":,: :,::' :: :,~: ,:,::1:,,, ,: . ""
'lilill!lD.iI!illli...lliJllBiiill!!illiHH!!iIB.'~iI!l!I!l~IBI!$lliJImlil:ililiirrm~.!lltl¡K!1UllIlIIJìldilÔli
There are many reasons to build green. These include a concern for the environment,
an interest in building more efficiently, health considerations or a desire to create an
environmentally friendly image for your business, By applying a sustainable perspective to
design, construction and remodeling, green building brings the benefits of resource
conservation, energy savings and healthy living.
Each of the features listed In these Green Building
Guidelines benefits the environment tJy addressing:
resOurce conservation, energy efficiency Or
indoor air quality,
Cost Considerations
In the Survey, consumers were asked if they were
willing to pay for green options, and If so, how much,
Responses were:
2000
2001
Buyer.;' Willingness (0 Þay Extra For Green Features
X!!::;'f::::'\!',:~"?,:,, 9 5%
$10, 000 'mll~Ullilwllilll!i!nll¡¡¡1119s%
:¡:i:);;:::::':,:¡ì¡;;:::';¡:¡!;::::;:::,:,~::::i,:::::;¡;i::::':,:,>i¡:.!:.';i; 27.6%
$5000 ¡llII'!JllJ!llm¡I¡!llwj¡j®!ill¡iIIWIlll[~lilll¡¡iImIII135.9%
,¡,:;:':<:. ~;:;:!'i\;::':, !:~:":,?:: ':1::":':':,:')::'.:'..:::,:) :>,',/': :::. ',:.,':::,:,:: ,. 28 &%
$2500 ¡11J1.~iIDillli¡wÌIJJiIIlllmlålWÎIIIIII!· 31.8%
$1000 iill¡I~:llij'I~~;;.~~3%
'~n: 2000
1ii112001
$500
20.0%
How Much Ex~. Buy... .... Willing to Pay
The above results are also reflected in an East
Bay Area survey conducted in 2002 by American
Lives, Inc. of selected new homebuyers,
Approximately 70% of the respondents indicate
that It Is essential Or very important for new
home communities to be developed with
green/energy efficient materials and techniques
Approximately 50% of respondents would pay
$25-$124 or more In added monthly mortgage
payments for a low energy home equating to
$4,000 to 27,000 higher on the purchase
price (at 7% interest rate)
While green building and its environmental benefits
are becoming more mainstream, it is commonly
assumed that green building features and products
translate into additional costs. What is often
overlooked Is the added value that green building
contributes to the home; energy efficiency, improved
indoor air quality, healthier homes for the family,
and durability. These Guidelines recommend methods
and materials that rang(' in cost - some of them cost
no more or even less than conventional options.
When green building is designed into the project
from the beginning it need not cost more than
conventional methods, Often, the homeowner and
builder focus on the "up·front" costs (materials
and installation) to incorporate green features into
a home. When other factors are considered, such
as lower maintenance and operation costs, many
of the recommended strategies in these Guidel ines
offer tangible economic benefits to the homeowner.
Energy upgrades alone usually result in a payback
through lower monthly energy costs.
When considering green building measures, it is
very important to balance product and installation
costs with other significant benefits such as
energy savings, increased durability, enhanced air
quality and healthier homes.
~
!!
!:!
¡;¡
~
i'Ii
m
"
~
~
~
-.
C;
~
m
m
z
~
~
"
~
~
"
c
~
z
m
~
0:
~
z
'"
~
z
o
'"
m
8
z
~
2:
n
~
Õ
z
.,,"~~~~
adding green features as the market
matures. If you start gradually, you are less,
make expensive mistakes, It.is critical to carefully
I~er the changes you make and the additional cOSt:syou
¡:c
, 'it incur. The earlier you start integrating alternative
:lli,:,'.,',I,~,'
I'" f
,'u$s and green design into your building process, the
':,,11
I';> it may cost you and the consumer in the long run.
¡1:~I(í:'
Getting Started
A strategic way to start building green is to develop
green options, and then describe the environmental
features and benefits to the homebuyer, Giving
your customers a choice allows you to refine your
product and market approach. Home buyers speak
their own language, and understand and embrace
green building only when It is explained in their
tenns, Energy efficiency, improved indoor air quality,
water conservation and saving old·growth forests
are terms that may have different meanings to
different buyers, All these things together mean a
new home that offers more value and a more
comfortable and healthier living environment.
Knowing about the benefits of resource-efficient
construction is one thing: spending money for
those same features is quite another. According
to the Survey, consumers were asked to choose
their three most important upgrades when buying
a new home. In top-down order, responses were;
1 energy efficiency features
::::;":'::'>:?!:.':';'.!)::·,:::::;'Y<·::;:i":':,:::,X::,!;":;: ;:::::·i:,::):::{:'i:::Tii!;:::,¡:;i::]r:·, 87.2%
¡iimiWgWliilllill.lmlIINmlmmll~.193.9%
2 kitchen cabinet upgrade
65.8%
40,2%
3 improved indoor air quality
:i'::',::!Ii,::::;:';-;::)':;!';':'::::::::¡!::;::';: '::::.:::::::.::.: 49.6%
¡MII&-mffilllllllill¡;íJiDÆlli 59.0%
;.~()oo
m% 2001
¡"I',,~',".I,'I'fH) "1;'''('."......".
When Consumers think about a new home, they
think about what it offers them, not necessarily
what It does for the environment. Quality always
rates highest next to location when buyers buy
new homes. Green homes offer higher quality
since most products were developed to perform
better than the conventional products they replace.
The Guidelines and accompanying resources will
assist you in developing and implementing green
building packages into your building pJ'Qjects. What
makes a home truly green is a combination of all
of the features listed in the Guidelines. In this way,
the home combines the collected benefits of
resource conservation. energy efficiency and good
indoor air quality. Offering segregated packages is a
starti ng point to help clarify what your market is most
interested in, so you can make the most appropriate
incremental steps toward a trUly green home.
PlêaS¡Jnl. Hili COHOu~jhg Common How;;p., PIf:!a5ant Hilt CA
- ~-..",-,;j-¥~'·r"·,~¡;'~'"(
,'"'^< '~\r'
"
¡¡
~
"
~
!"
..
'"
¡¡¡¡
"
~
"
----
~
m
7
m
t:::
~
~
"
~
s
~
'"
"
"
~
2
m
~
i§
~
8
~
~
n
'.
g
',-"
'.... ~'_.'. -, ",~-,"
, ":; ¡. : ~~0~+
'j ,~ " . ~. ''',
II "",' :~, ;P~ï:I"'~~1 I' ~.:~ "'; ~J&:Nmf!i:;:i(~¡
iII.OI';'¡;ii.!' I~I;¡¡\'.¡',~·, ,\aI'¡f0m'I:i!r " ,t~' "'.c,¡;:..;...,.
I'"
":"'''1'
"
\ ,I.."
Below are samples of the types of "Green Building Packages" that could be developed to
respond to consumer demands for green homes,
~
w
ffi
~
~
iii
~
~
~
Natural Resource Package
Natural resource conservation is becoming mOle
important to buyers every year. Saving forests for
camping, fishing and hiking is a value that families
hold for their cI1i1dren's future, Conserving resources
today by incorporating green alternatives is a great
way to get your buyer's attention. Using recycled
content products in your homes "closes the loop"
for families that are committed to recycling. Using
water more efficiently only makes sense as popu-
lation growth puts stress on a limited resource,
~
is
E
if
~
8
",
~
(:)
~
~
~
Consider offering the following as part of a
Natural Resource Package:
Engineered lumber - OSB, wood Ijoists
Recycled newsprint cellulose insulation
Water-conserving plumbing fixtures
Fiber-cement siding and trim
Recycled-content decking
Recycled·content carpet
Treated wood that does not contain arsenic
or çhromium
~
o
"
~
w
"
5
"
~
~
9
"
w
~
w
w
~
<.'
Energy Efficiency Package
Energy upgrades are one of the first things that
Consumers would pay metra for - $2,300 on average
- if they could expect to see a payback through
lower monthly energy costs in four years. According
to the Survey, only 2% of the homebuyers said they
would mt be willing to pay more in up-front costs for
energy efficiency upgrades that would reduce monthly
utility bills, 83% said that insulation should be
above code and 90% or higher efficiency furnace
should be standard features in new homes.
Consider offering the following as part of an
Energy Efficiency Package:
Low-E windows
High efficiency (90% or higher), sealed
combustion furnace and hot water heater
High SEER/EER air conditioning units
Fluorescent light bulbs
Advanced sealing and caulking to reduce drafts
2x6 wall framing with increased insulation
Insulated foundation
Indoor Air Quality Package
While energy efficlen<;y is at the top of the consumer
list Improved indoor air quality is also a priority for
hornebuyers. Alrrost nine in ten respondents of the
Survey are aware of products that emit gas chemicals
into their living envimnments, 75% or those people
say it's extremely or very important to live in a home
free of toxic chemicals.
Consider offering the following 8S part of an
Indoor Air Quality Package:
Formaldehyde-free Insulation
No or Low.vOC paints
Solvent-free wood finishes
Less-toxic adhesives
Natural linoleum instead of vinyl flooring
FSC-certified wood or bamboo flooring
instead of carpet
Sealed particleboard in cabinets and countertops
;:,··,,;tJil¡,Jih6¡~, '¿;&ri~fgW~fe:~Jf'!'~i:§~dih~C:.
\':T,,;:;:-;::,:'¡:'::'~::"::'::':::::::,i:íi::;\',::;,:::,;"i::;i::!:::ii:::':';:~'::;:'.:::::':":':,':'::'::;:::,:;::,:g¡,;;:!:,::::.:,:.:,:::,:,;:,:.;:;:.;:::,,:::,:::
F~reíifl~Ni!18¡ing!~~91~Þ,~u:~of~?Mir°o/T:!' I
'rn(\ritalïy:iØE!r1cJIY!IR~(jducti'Aaclt;!9(T ' "" ~
.,Wêèrt.btd6gf:)ftb· t8~ira~~~!lfi?!l...þ~fôr~:'... '.
~ :~he~t~ltt~~tih~r~:~:~8ùl(j§e, ~1f~H"
:' : ,':: ':' :::" ",:::: :" '\ '\, ';," : ,',' "": ':"':' '/, ',::: :" ',"""",' ':' ,'" ,: ':, ::", :':,,', ..: :: ",:, ':,:"''''~ : ," "':' " ' ':!, ',':,'~ :::: ':'"t"":: ":"
!,.'?8~i~~,:.~.~$~·:~X~il¡¡"~.I,~,,.þY'.~n~;:~~jJ9.~r.·:'.:,..,.
:::: ,;:~~:~~:"t;(Il:~/?:~,,'Re~,fflf~;:AI8'!1'1'~F~~(Y:W~ti1~rvr~~:~rr't,~~:'::':::i: ::::,:: ,
i~II~~I¡¡~~~iill~ili;II;IIII~lmll~~~;~~¡~!llm~~¡m
';ì
"
~
it
~
'"
Green Points is a rating system that has been
developed to offer builders, homeowners and
municipalities a tool to assess how environmentally
friendly or "green" a home is, The rating system
is based on the various green features incorporated
into the home. A home that has earned 50 points
or more across the 3 main green building
categories ~ Indoor Air Quality, Energy Efficiency
and Resource Efficiency ~ can be considered a
"green home". Total points required may be
aqjusted in the future, The rating system was
developed In coordination with local builders, city
planners and building officials. To simplify the
system and to avoid double counting, each
measure Is assigned to one specific category,
even though many of them can be placed in
multiple categories,
A.Sile
POINTS PER CATEGORi R(!~~I!cc:" [n(·~tlY 'AQ/ !)~Ith
1. RJ::~c.yClt Job Site (:onMfllctlon & Del''I1olltlon W1)ste
S()% Recycling Rate Is RtH]ulred: 65% - 1 poInt: '1.5% - 2 points: 80% - 4 polnt~
2. Donate Unused Mater'i¡¡ls
3. P 'ot~ct Natlvc 5uil
g
U::
~
~
3
~
Õ
I
~
(II
Z
4. MinimizE! Disruption of Existing PI¡¡nts & 1fSBS
~. !mp!~fl"ltmt C()n~tJUGtlon 51H~ 5tOrrtlwatf:r Practi(;i:!!:.\
6. Prot(!Cl Waf.cr Quality with Lat~(h,Cap\: D\~$lgl"'!
7 Dc:siytl Rc:>ol!rGO-Effic:lm~t U~ndscaþe:>
B. Reuse MaterlalsJU~ Reçyç!eçl CI;I~nt M( .terlal~ for tandsçape Areas
9. In::¡\élll Higl1-EflïciBncy Itrigalion Sysl.ern::.
10. Þf'ovldc tor On-$ite WL'llOr catchment f Rotcnlion
"
"
~
~
~
B. Foundation
º
~
~
c,
Z
g
'5
~
~
w
~
c,
upto4
4
2
,
"
4
2
2
2
Almllable Points 25
1. Inc:orporatp. Rec)'clf'KI FIY.'Ish in Con("..rete
15% Rét)'tlèd F1.Y<J:!ih .,. 2 þalrit:>¡ Add '1 point for C'i€ry 10% in(;(ú¡)S8 or flY-dSrt, IJp W 5 points
2. Reuse Form BDards
3, USe Aluminum FÖl'm~
4. U.se Recycled Con1;~nt Aggr~g;;ltF.!
5. Insulate Found<!tion!$Ia:b before backfill
6. 111~'wll Rlgio r I)(lm, IfI$(Jlat~(1 (;Oflçre1:e f()f' 11~ (lCF~)
C, Structural frame
1. Substitute Solid Sawn Lumber with Engineered L.umber
8. Floors
b. Headers (non-structural)
(:. S1JU¡;\u¡<11 uf.;¡)m!o ¿:HId he.1dl)r~
up to 5
¡
2
3
3
.IMI.I1,¡¡blePolnts 11 6
2. USù FSC CB(liri~d Wood ror r¡'aTY1ing (For c\lùry 10% of FSC lumlx:r used - z polnt~. up to 10)
3. Uf'¡~ Wood I·Jolst~, for Floors and Ce-iling5
4. u~ 5t~el Int0rlor W@l1"USSùs
5. Design Energy Hæ!s on Trusses
up to 10
2
2
2
2
~
2
:.
3
3
4 ~
~
~
3 ~
AYailablø PointS 32 11 ~
POINTS PER CATEGORY R~sUllm~ Em.'Tgy IAQIHC<1lth
C. Structural Frome (continued)
6. U!>P. O$~~
<1, Subfloors
þ, 51wtlthing
7. Use Finger-Jointed $tuds for Non...$tructural Vertic;::¡1 AppliCRtlOlls
B. Use E.ngll1E'!l:!reçl S.wd~ for vertical Appllçatlons
9. Use Recycled Content Steel Studs for Intl'rior Framing
10. Use Stn. Ci:(J~ 1r¡~Ulatcd Panels (SIP3)
a. Floors
b. Wall
ç, Root
11, Apply Advancl:1d Fri:lrning Techniques
12. US!;! Reclaimed Lumt}liIf ror Notl·SttlJcturaJ AppliCõltl( ti~
0, EJltOfior Finish
1. US!! Sustainable Decking Materials
a. R~cyCI~¡j Conœnt
D. f5c C(lrtitied Wood
:;¿. Use Non·etA li"ømB< Wood
3. Install House Wrap under Siding
4. Use Alternative Siding MFitP.flõ511s
<:I. Rac;y¡;led content
b. F bp'f'f~em!:!n\
3
3
1
3
10
2
Available Points
E. Plumbing
1. It\~ul¡ tÐ ClII Hot W¡¡ter Pipes
,
up to 2
IIp-to 2
up to <1
4
2
,
up tù 4
4
,. . .
uptD 4-
up to 5
up to.ll
~Jp to./!
17
2. Install Flow RMuccr~
b, F(¡lJGGb (1 point e:lClch, up to 2 points)
D. Showerh£:!a.d~. (1 point ~8çh, up to 2 ~olnt~~)
3. In(.;~¡}1I Ultra-Low Flush Toilets (1 point eElch, up tn'; points)
4. Install Chlorine Filter on Showe-rM;:¡o
5. In50æll TanKless W¡ [tr H!::attr
6. pre-plumb for Gri:!f"/ater Conversion (check with local COOE!)
7. Install W:;.tl:!r Filtration Unit;. at Faucets (2 pOlllt5 eacl1, up to 4 POintS)
8. Install On-Demand Hot Wat!:!r Circulation Pump
Available Points
F. Electrical
1, In5tall Compact F'luoIBscur'lt Light BLltb~ - CFLs. (6 bulb~=2 point:>, 12.",4 points, up to 4 point:»
2. In!ital! Air-Tlghl, InSulatlon,,(;ornpatm!e Rf!cessoo fÏxturøs lor CFLs (1 pOint tJilctl, up to 5 pOint~)
3. Jmit,8U ughW'IQ Contt(¡lS" (1 p'OIr'll Jet fixture, lJþ to 4, ptJiril:S)
4. Inslall High Efficiency Ceiling Fans with CFLs {1 point each, up to .I paint:>}
Av'ililable Points
G,Applianœs
1. Offer Ener\lY Stsr Di-shwasMr
2. Offer Horizont;=¡1 !\I\ls washing Mactjint:!-
~~. Otter [nel'gy-crt, CII::Jr1t fMrigeriJlIJr
4. !rL)T1II1 a~~lIt·ln Rec.ycling Cont8r
3
.
.
Av~il¡¡b e Points
---
Q
~
rn
~
..
S'
z
"
"
c
S
~
~
c'
'"
z
~
~
Ii
~
~
8
¿
~
~
~i~
~~~-
POINTS PER CATEGORY R~>our¡;es En~rgy IAQ/Hcatth
H. Insullltion
" UpgrJ:1d~ InsWatlon to Exceed TlUt 24 Requir'13r'nents.
a. Wall~ 2
b. c~llIngs 2
2, In5ta Recycled-COntent. Forrnah:J(1hyde-Fræ FibergliJSS Insulation 3
3, Use Advanced Infil\TClt;ion RwuçtiOl1 Practices 2
4, US\~ Cellulo~B Insulation
a, W.111~ 4
D, COllings 4
Available Potnt , , 3
~ I. Windows
" " !nsœll tncrgy·[t1k:i(·nt Wlnd()\II¡'s
~
~ ¡¡. Douhlp.-P~ned 1
w
~ b. Low-Emissivity U,¡¡w-E) 2
~
t, Low. Conductivity Frames 2
Avall;ablePoirtW. .
J. Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
1. Use Duct M~~.tlc: on AU Duct Joints
2. Instal! Duct.work Within Ç()ndltlnned Space 3
3. Vent Range 1',loM to LtI~ Oul:.ide
4, Clean till Ducts Before Occupancy 2
s, I n~tall Artie Vontj¡iJti¡Jr1 System!:;
6, Imt.::J11 Whole HOI.1$e: Fall 4
z
0 7, Instill! 5e!Jled Combustion Units
"
" ¡Lhjrrlac~ 3
"
"
t;; b. Water Heater.; 3
,
'"
u B, Inst<.J11 '13 SEERl11 £ER or higher AÇ with a TXV 3
"'
...
'i' 9, Install AC with NOfl·HCFC R€!frlger8l1ts 2
"
w 10 Install 90% Annual FueILJt.iliz.Rtion EJfiçiençy (AFUE) Furna.ce 2
z
"
"' 11, flimirnlte Wow Burning fìreplRGeS
\',1 12. Install Zoned, Hydronlr.: RfU;!i:;\nt He~tlllg 3
:5
'"
" 13, Install t"lIgh ErflelQncy ParlicLlliltB Air {HEPA} filter 4
"
e,
u 14, Install Heat Recovery Ventllat.ion Unit: (HRV) 5
z
g 15, Inf:.'\ó\tI 5ef)¡),(¡);œ· Gar¡)¡ (! Exhaust ran 3
5
rn
z. Available Poin15 > » 11
w
w
" K. Renewable Energy and Roofing
<>
,. Pre-Plumb for Solar Watf:r H~Flting 4
2. 1r1:)ttl!1 Su!ilr Water Ha¡¡tin!=j S,YstBITI 10
3, Pre-Wire for Futurp. PtlOtnvo!t.alc (PV) Ins.t,¡¡lIat.i<m 4
4, Instðl! Photovolli:\it (pv) PiJn,:¡ls (1.2 kw ::r 6 points. 2.4 kw =' 12 points. 3.6 kw = 18 points) lJp1;o 18
5, !nstal! $ol¡:¡r (~jV) walkway" LlgllU; 4
6, Selecl St1rC and DLlr<:lblø Roofing M¡rterials
7, In:,1<I1I r-0di!lnt ~rr¡er r¿oof She-:¡¡thing 3
Available Poilit5 43
¡':,~
POINTS PER: CATEGORY R(''''( llr(:c~ El1cr~y IAOlticílllh
L Natural Heating and Cooling
1. InCDrpDfste P!J!;!i-ive Solar Heating
2. Insmll Overtli!ng'.õ Dr Awn¡n~s on South FlIcin!; Windows
3. Plant Decid~JOW5 Trees 011 the West and South Sides
5
"
Available Points
3
"
'M_ Indoor Air Quality aod Finishes
1. Instill! Whole House Vacuum System
2. Use l,ow/No·VÓC Paint
N, Flooring
Available Pcint5
ß
,
4
,
4
AYðUablø Poirlt!ì 24
3
2
3 Ii!
6 ª
~
Q
4 ~
4
'.
2a
3. U~e Low vac, W<lter-Based Wood Finishes
4. Use SolV'j;'!n~.Free MhcstV{.'$
5. Substltut¡¡ P~rli(;lebo~rd with FonnüldehydB-Fres Mater'l¡¡ls
e. U5~ exterior Grade PIy-MJùi.J 1'01' IntuMr UsEi:;
7, lho Formaldehyde-Free MDF and Mat.erials
8. SEal all Exposed PllrtlclF,!boarc! 1,11' MDF
9. LJs~ FSC Certified ~t8l'itll~ to ' tnwriOr Finish
10 Use Finger-Jointl;!d or Recych';d CDntent Trim
1 . Select FSC CertifiP.d Wood Floming
2. U$û RLlpid!y RenewiJblE) Flooring Materials
3. Use ¡{ecycled t:'..ontent Cp.ramlc riles
4. In~)[all N¡' tur,~ linoleum in Phice of Vinyl
5 U~~ [)\¡.)OSùd CmitrèW <I~ F¡r¡¡~hi::d Floor
6 Install Ruc::y¡;led Cont~nt C¡¡rpIOt with LowVOCs
5
Ç:
ill
~
"
œ
"
~
iõ
Ç:
c
6
t!
z
i:~
ö
~
~
~
"
if,
5
Other
1. In(;ùtpot'~[r::J Li~tit1g of Gn:!~'r1 Feütur8s intu Cover ,of Blueprints
2. DavBlop HrJmf:!C1Wf1~r ManL~",1 of GreP,1l f(!At¡¡m~I~i;mflt8
3. Ofh?r CtJupons for CQmpost Bins to Homeowners (contact ACWMA. 1-ffY'Y-$TQPWA.';TE)
4. Energy Ratlng!5
fyP,i'Y % impruVCr'lwnt in reduciny anergy beyond Title 24 Code - 1 point (up to 30 paints).
Use energy sQftwar~ suçh 1:1$ f.'nergyPro or Mlçrol-"af.. to ~ho'oV Irnprovernùt\l OV(!r Call1'ofnl~
Rc~idanti<ll Energy StandBrds (Title 24)
5. Innovation Point!>
n18SB points are given for innovative approaches. including m¡~1 zero net ell!;!rgy homes. new m~wl¿w. and rnethodolQgii:S, tUl'r'ently not
Iderrtlfl\X1 al)(¡vú. TtWSB appr\J¡ (';he~ must rr18ét environrnentül goðl::; identified in the Residential Green Building Guidi;!'liœ,. Illnl)\(~tion p(lin't!5
will be evnluate(1 anrJ award~-x;lI;Jy \1)t c.(¡ml'l1unllyfmunIGlpaUty wl1ere me prqJeCl Is locat.e{j,
up to 30
8
'"
"1
'"
~
~
'.
"
z
MINIMUM OF 50 101AL POINTS 1«'~OL r~~ Emr!lY II\QIHl!illth Tolill
fetal Available Pci[1ts 135
Þoin!1.> Rùquir1::d from Each Célt!!gOT)' , (J
,..
HJ
..
10
..,
30
Additional Points Needeçj frQm Any CaT!:!gory 20
Mini J IJm P'olnts Req~recl l;il)
Prqject mus,ì acquire ~ mlnlmul"\) nt' 5ö pOII1t$. 10 points must be tlcqlHmcL fO( Ui:lelj (;!jlogory. Additiömìl 20 poinLs can be acquired by
incorpúr"8ling .my green features listed to rel;lch a 1;o~a¡ of 50 points. PrQje<:t5 öl:naining 60 p(lints Of more wi!! rccelvG a "Gold L¡:¡~I StJluÇ
Total points m~y be ðqju~"téd in lhlO future or modified by individual cities.
·i::!I\:I:.:,'
", ,-
'I''''
<¡,
r:,
Community Design Issues
The following measures should be
considered In the initial .ite
planning and community design
stages of new home developments.
By considering issues such as lot
orientation, storm-water management,
access to trar'ls-it, ançl minimizing
street widths early on, many
environmental benefits can be
accrued at later stages of the prqiect.
The following Is a list of approaches that should be considered In the
first stages of community design;
1. Orient Homes on an EastlWest Axis for Solar Access
2. Orient Living Rooms and Porches to Streets and Public Spaces
3. Build Mixed.Use, Residential/Commercial, Walkable Communities
4. Design for Diverse Family Types
5. Provide "Granny Flats" Above Garages
6. Build Within 1 Mile of Public Transit Hub
7. Minimize Street Widths
8. Locate or Cluster Buildings to Preserve Open Space and Wildlife
Habitat, Especially Sensitive Areas such as Wetlands.
Sacramento s.tr~i:!t COHousing. Serkeley. CA
jj
ª
..
~
"
2
i!í
~
o
~
~
~
~
¡¡:
~
ø
~
~
z
~
C
~
z
~
~
~
¡;:
z
~
~
iJ
"
z
m
~
z
"
~
~
ª
'"
-,
Š
¡¡
"I' <)
1. Recycle Job Site Construction
and Demolition Waste
·~'(':~'/',:':p<'.k;n.
~
~
.,
w
~
"
~
"
!1
"
~
iii
¡;;
~
ConstructiDn waste generally cDnslsts
Dfwood, drywall, metals, cDncrete,
dirt and cardbDard -, materials that
can be reused or recycled if prepared
properly, Each year over 300,000
tons of C()nstruction and demol ition
debris is disposed Df at Alameda
County landfilis.
/.:': :!(",;r:I()n
Identify the types and quantities Df
materials generated at the JDb site
and recycle at least 50% of the
cDn~tructÎonldomolition debris.
CDntact IDeal recycling facilities
and haulers to identify terms and
conditions required fDr recycling
materials, Allocate space for
recycling bins and cDntainers, Call
the Alameda CDunty Recycling
Hotline 1.877,STOPWASTE fDr
more information.
õ
5
~
~
~
ø
ð
u
w
Ô
~
ð
"
~
Q
"
'"
~
w
º
~
"
~
~
i;i
C'sk!fi(
Recycl ing reduces pressure on
landfills. saves money by
reducing tipping fees, and
providcs raw materials for
future building products,
~
m
~
1',
2. Donate Unused Materials
rk'~;r:I'ip1';¡"):~
Unused Dr salvaged materials such as
surplu$1MXd, windows, 000rs and other
un installed materials can be dDnated
tD Drganizations such as Habitat fDr
Humanity or local YoJth Build Programs,
/\~ï;:} I : i'. ,'~\~ ~;',~¡:~'J
Materia Is shou Id be clea n and in
gODd cDndition.
UïJ~'I~::;'ï~
Donating unused materials reduces
landfill deposit. and helps local
charitable DrganizatiDns, DDnatiDns
may be tax deductible, Refer to the
ResDurce List for local organizations.
3. Protect Native Soli
U,:>:,~)'~;,:,:.;(lI';
Typically, a building site Is cleared
of vegetation and the topsoil is
removed. After building, sod is laid
on subsoil, beginning a cycle Df
high water and chemical
dependency, Ideally, construction is
coordinated with a landscape
professional to protect the soil,
which is a valuable, living resource.
'"'",'''.,'",W',"''''_''''H''''''''W''' ,·,"""m""="·"'·~·"·"·~·""",·
.'\(iPi ~;;'!:';;J;":';:
Design for minimum building &
hardscape footprints and little or no
grading. Retain native vegetation,
Delineate and limit the constnJctÎon
footprint; restrict heavy equipment
that compacts soil, including cars, to
areas that will be paved or built aver.
When grading is unavoidable, identify
areaS to be paved as a place to store
native topsoi I during construction.
Amend sail with compost and re-
spread topsoil after construction,
~:.\.,!:'~;(ï '.:'i'
Preserving native sDiis, along with
nurturing the health of disturbed
soils, can significantly reduce storm
runDff, reduce fertilizer and pesti-
cide requirements. Improve water
quality and conserve irrigatiDn water.
4. Minimize Disruption of Existing
Plants and Trees
:)(: ~! ';", ~',':1 ' :¡!l
Through careful planning and
con'tructlon practices, valuable
trees and plants can be preserved
and Incorporated into new
developments and neighbDrhoods,
¡'l..r:¡':i{(:;·¡j'i'·'"
Complete a landscape survey to
determine the feasibility of
preserving or relocating mature trees
and shrubs. Fence trees and shrubs
for protection from equipment,
Î,<:,.¡(;1il,':·,
Pre5erving exi5t.ing, mature
iandscape feature. h~lps prevent
soil erosion, maintains existing
sources of natural cooling (e,g.
,I Jat) 5it.e Re<:ytllng.
FOO\hill Gle:n Housing, Union City. CA
. Døciduous lreé fot I'èducing coullng c(J$ts 12 rlitrea$ed 4Wenlty w wl c ft 1'Ia1l1~t
¡nsummar
13 Pav~1':'i' wHtt !i:pJee$ :!I"d WlI""'''y
. Druught-tolMMlt groUnd (;0'18' and :!õhrub:!õ pl:!\nts ~fWeen
10 California nati¥8~ g '( uped by watBl' nøød$ 14 Bird b:ath
Bnd givsn thI! space to grow to their
nøtural size " CiIIlirDrnla liatl~è ground covers
11 Repository for ItWlves undat ttH .. Shi!\dc loving tHan'$; t(l tit rnl(:fQclhn.øte
SIIBda trø&s an west and south side of house
2. PermlHlbll! paYing on driveway
3 Footprint of building is minimized
4 Irrig8ti~ con(roller
5 Compost bin
& Mulchød paths
7 Dtip-irriglltud raised beds for' W!lgélEiblos
(Ttaãs, shrubs on driP)
"1:.:1,:;::;:/-; \':<'
"
F1i
m
z
..
"
¡;
¡¡
I
'"
~
m
"
~
¡;;
~~.-.-
~
,"1
"-
'"
c
5
z
co
"
c
r;
,"
"""
\ ',..
\.
'"
z
m
"
c¡
,~
if,
"
"
"
iii
shade from a mature tree), diverts
waste from landfills, and adds a
unique character to the community.
locations to prevent pollutants from
entering them, Train employæs not
to dump anything down storm drains.
Protect all storm drain inlets using
fiiter fabric cloth to prevent sediments
from emering the storm drainage
system during construction activities.
Keep material, out of the rain, and
prevent runoff pOllution at tho source,
Store hazardous waste in drums
and covered bins and contract a
company to dispose of it properly,
reservoirs and the Bay, For more
information, visit WWIN.cleanwater-
program.com or call 888/BAYWISE,
;)
z
"I
"
c
r>
~
"
~
6. Protect Water Quality wilh
Landscape Design Features
5, Implement Construction Site
Stormwater Practices
; .,,~):, .: '!: I'.k~( ¡
U<C",.'q,,' ,',
Designing landscapes to allow
irrigation and stormwater to soak
inlo the soil recharges groundwater
systems, and filte" out pollutants,
Stormwator runoff is part of a
natural hydrologic process. However,
land development and construction
activities can significantly alter
natural drainage patterns and
pOllute stormwater runoff,
¡}·":';~'!:·:;C\·.
Properly managing a gallon of water
on sIte saves money in avoided
engineering COSt5 downstream.
Keeping pollutants out of the stolm
drains minimIzes erosion and water
pollution and protects local creeks,
" I ï ~ () i ('.: ¡: : {' ,;
Use permeable paving, which allows
water to percolate into the soil, for
walkways, pa\lO$. and driveway',
Install like conventional pavers,
Minimize roadway width and avoid
J::'\"";',:;'::/\¡ì:;
Identify all storm drains, drainage
swales and creeks located near lhe
consuucllon site, and make sure all
subcontractors are aware of their
"
~""
.~...,-~--'---
2,',:ZI
contiguous impermeable surfaces.
Design infiltration basi ns and berms.
i~h:;~;fit:
i
~
~
~
~
'i'
~
Allowing stormwater percolation
reduces the volume of polluted water
that fiows into rivers or the Bay, while
replenishing soil moisture and local
aquifers, Additional benefits includo
reduction in irrigation requirements,
nOn-sOurce pollution as well as
lower risk of flooding.
~
"
"
~
<Ii
¡¡;
¡¡
6
Þ
"
tg
8
'Ii
Õ
"
Permeable PaV0rs
~
"
~
C>
"
<"
1.1,1
Z
"
W
D
5
~
¥!
g
"
~
7. Design Resource-Efficient
landscapes and Gardens
!::~~~;¡I.;r ; ptlcr\;
Conventional landscapes have high
inputs of water and chemicals and
are often overpl"nted or planted
without regard for climate and soli
conditions. This result5 in excess
water and fuel consumption, water
pollution and waste generation.
"
I ~,I
W
~
"
:\:,;:j!,r;"i,I;>:1
Speçify plants that are appropriate
for the climate and soil; select slow-
growing. drought tolerant, preferably
California native plants. Design with
perennials Instead of annuals;
choose and site trees to reduce
building heating and cooling energy.
Give plants plenty of room to mature,
reducing the need for pruning,
Avoid invasive species and hedges
that require constant shearing.
Limit turf to the smallest area that
will meet recreational needs. Recycle
yard trimmings by grasscycling,
mulching .nd compo'tlng.
:>-:1:1;,,1::'
Sustainable landscape techniques
are in harmony with the local
environment and help conserve
water, reduce use of chemÎcals,
create healthier soil and plants, and
increase bio-diversity in landscape
areas. Resource: Bsy-FrlencllyLaooS(;8plng
Gtlld9l1ml~. Ç<l1I ACWMA, 1.B77,STOPWASTE
8. Reuse Materials or Use
Recycled Content Materials for
Landscape Areas
::;';:;:',,~,~j'; p~t':i"~'
Plastic or composite lumber makes
a very durnble landscape edging,
broken concrete can make a very
auractlve retaining wall or path,
and ground glass cullet can be
used for walkways,
hïr,\:;\,,,,"·~i(,)I'::
Use salvaged or recycled content
materials for hardscapes (patios,
decks, walkways and driveways)
and other landscape structures,
Ui;,~')\;J:t,
The durability of plastic or composite
lumber i, greater than wood as they
do not rot, crack orsplintel', Salvaging
or buying recycled content land-
scaping products conserves natural
resources and strengthens markets
for recycled matorlals,
9. Install High-Efficiency
Irrigation Systems
¡>,~:';(,['i:',H,:';'¡":'
New Irrigation technologies apply
water to the soil at the plant root
zones at the rate the soil can absorb
it, significantly reducing water
waste from overs pray.
,\:'"¡;':::¡C.::'i!',i¡;:'!
I nstalllON-fiow drip, sub-surface drip, or
low-flow 'prlnklers In place of standard
sprinklersystems fer all landscape
applications, Base watering levels on
moi$wre sensors or weather based
controllers, Use captured rainwater.
Group plants by water requirements.
.. ....,.".,
~>,';:';';\ "
High-efficiency irrigation systems
dramatically reduce landscape water
use, and are critical to preventing
disease & minimizing weed growth.
10. Provide for On-Site Water
Catchment / Retention
[:.~!: ,;,,:1' I :,y,': ':\; ::
Rainwater is channeled through
gutters and downspouts to an
aboveground cistern or underground
grnvel dry well, Stored water is used
for landscape irrigation.
i\: '!f"'! :':~ ;"~1'ii'1:"'.
I nstall wherever there is guttered
roof runoff and room forthe cistem.
L.>','I';,,:Î':;,:
Water catchment reduces the need
to use drinking water for irrigation of
lawns and gardens.
1. IncOIporate Recycled
Flyash in Concrete
L ì~,:~.,1 :! ¡ [.: t:"~1 ':.
Flyash is a by-product of coal
burning power plants and can be an
Inexpensi"" substitute for a portion
of Portland cement used in concreta,
App:;;,::'li',i\~¡'"(
Typically, 15%-50% of cement can
be replaced with nyash in residemial
concrete mixes, however it must be
cured longer than standard concrete,
h(:,f'I~\f'~t:
Flyash increases the strength and
durability of the concrete. Using
fiyash also reduces the amoum of
cemem needed. thereby decreasing
the overall environmental impacts
of cement production.
2. Reuse FOI111 Boards
¡ "j.;~: ¡(' I" i ;" ~', :k '; \
Form boards are often 2xlO or
larger solid sawn lumber typically
cut from old.growth trees.
i,:~i: i!(:,"{,i()t'I
Forms are used whenever concrete
Is poured, By carefully removing
and separating the forms, they can
be reused several tirne$.
("k!nci"i:
Reuse of forms save$. money and
con$erves resources. Solid sawn
lumber is becoming Increasingly
expensive and scarce.
3. Use Aluminum Forms
~:)(""1' :'W\'Ic·r~
Aluminum forms come In all Siles
and shape, and produce a smooth
finished surface on the concrete,
They can be used repeatedly
/\1';;'): ~\.,'\j~ i\;'~.~'
Aluminum forms can be used in most
applications to replace wood forms.
[I ~ ':" ('i !! ",'; "i .
Because they can be reused many
times, aluminum forms reduce wood
uSe .nd, despite higher initial cost,
pay for themselves quickly.
4. Use Recycled Content
Aggregate
UI;">;i:':I:il',::¡'¡"
Recycled aggregate consists n1sinly
of crushed con<:rete and crushed
asphalt pa""ment. Most of the
recycled material is used as base
material for road product._,
Recyçled concrete and asphalt
crushed to 3/4" minus satisfies the
California Department ofTranspor-
tation's (CalTrans) specification for
Class 2 Aggregate Base,
!\!,.T.>I:{:"1t:,':'"
Use recycled aggregate for
applications where CalTrans Class 2
base rock is specified.
~:,\~~~r.:i:il
Even though a large percentage of
asphalt and concrete are recyçled,
there is still some that end up in
landfills, Using recycled instead of
virgin materials ~aV05 money,
natural resources and energy.
5. Insulate Foundation I Slab
Before Backfill
¡..'~'~".:~.' i "'1\ :Üi"::
All foundations, including slab flocrs.
can ba insulated 10 minimile hælloss,
¡\p(ìl :;'~:r'-'
Insulate foundation with extruded
polystyrene insulation of at least R-4
(1" or greater).
':::;;f',c'¡'i.
Insulating the foundation
minimizes heat loss from the floors
and basement, reduces energy los$
and, therefore, reduces utility bills.
Insulated r,..oncrete Forms (ICFs)
6. Install Rigid Foam. Insulated
Concrete Forms (lCFs)
I.A~:;! :;': :,~ I, ;,::" : .
Rigid foam forming systems hold
concrete in place during curing and
remain in place afterwards. to serve as
thermal insulation for concrete walls,
'\¡,;p'¡:('~:!\'i(lr!:
Use rigid foam forming systems
wherever an Insulated foundation
1$ desirable,
¡.:,;~! ;";',.'i:; ~ :
Unlike untreated lumber, ICFs are
not subject to rot and result in a
better insulated foundation.
~
§
!!!
¡¡
z
~
~
~
..
~
m
"
~
¡;;
C>
~
..,
z
..
C
~
¡¡;
c.
~
~
"
m
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
R
"
~
~
g
2
')
..."",.~-_._--
1. Substitute Solid Sawn Lumber
with Engineered Lumber
t;\):~I,',ï·ipt.i·:JI·;
"!
.,
¡
~
8
E
~
~
~
~
~
i5
w
~
~
Solid sawn lumber in sizes of 2x1 0
or greater typically çomes from old·
growth forests, Engineered lumber
products, on the other hand, come
from small-diameter and fast growing
plantation trees, These products
include gllllams, laminated veneer
lumber. wood Ijoists. oriented
Wand board. parallel strand lumber,
and other manufactured wood fiber
structural materials..
A¡)!:;¡¡c,lti·:.>I')'
A. Floor Joist
2x10 and larger lumber are typically
used for floor and cellingjoists and
some 5eismic applications.. Large size
lumb..- can be replaced with engiræred
lumber in most applications unless
required by seismic codes.
õ
G
~
~
~
ø
¡s
'"
w
ð
.,
~
z
B. Non-Load Bearing Header
Solid sawn 4x6 are often used for
headers when smaller dimension
lumber would suffice, SLIch as double
2,6. unles5 ,olld 4x6 are required
by seismic codes.
~
"
~
~
w
z
¡¡j
"
"'
"
z
~
~
~
z
~
"
C. Structural Heade!> and 8e1lln$
Engineered lumber should be used
whenever structural members are
required. They substitute for 4x12
in most interior applications such as
the structural framing of floors,
walls and roofs,
r::: '.:;' i:,: f i ~
Reducing demand for 1""9" dimensÍ(nal
lumber decreases pressure to cut
down Old-growth forests. Engineered
lumb..- uses wood fib..- more efficiently
than convention. I lumber. resulting
in stronger and higher quality homes.
2. Use Forest Stewardship Counci I
(FSC) Certified Wood for Framing
:·j~"::.¡':1 ;1·:LÒ~j
FSC certification assures that the
for""t from which the wood is
produced is managed in a su<talnable
and socially responsible manner.
/1,:.,(,:0; (.',;I),Ii.~I'::
Use FSC WOOd where solid wood
framing is required. Certified framing
materials and plywood are available
at many local suppliers. Refer to the
Resource List located in back pocI<et.
~:~'i'm~';'í:¡t
FSC certification guammees that
for",ts .re managed in a way that
will assure the long-term avail.bility
of preclDus woods while protecting
old-growth forest5.
3. Use Wood I"Joists
for Floors and Ceilings
l:~I,',!:r:¡>U()'I\
Wood Ijoi5t5 are engineered to use
only the wood fiber necess.ry for
the structural function required.
They typically U5e oriented strand
board (OS B) for the web and either
laminat¡;;d veneer lumber or solid
sawn lumber for the ChOrd5 (top
and bottom pieces),
i\1~:')i;'.r1\ i<;'ï'
Replace solid sawn lumber with
wood I:l0lsts for floor and ceiling
joists, Often they can be used at
19,2" centers to save material.
:'i,,;';\':(;~ :,'
Wood Ijoists use 50% less wood
fiber to perform the same structural
function as similar sized solid $awn
lumber and will never twist, warp or
split, They are stronger and lighter
than 2x10 or 2x12 and can span
greater distances,
I-JoIsts usc 50% 1E!'55 wooo
fib!.'!r than solid !ii:lwi'1 lumber.
4, Use Steel Interior Web Trusses
¡Y,;~:,',,:'lp:',:(ì;'I
Steel web trusses use wood or
laminated veneer lumber top .nd
bottom chords that are connected by
steel webbing for structural integrity,
'''p:'\I:-~':;:,:!(.:!
Use primarily for long-span floor
joists.
'" "'''.'''^nm''
U,,':,¡ :~~¡':.~':
Web trusses eliminate waste SÎnce
they are made to order, They reduce
the pressure on old growth forests
by replacing 2x10s and 2x12s
traditionally used for floor joists,
5. Design Energy Heels on
Trusses 6" or More
:>,):::¡:[:";1.ÌO!):
Energy heel, raise the height of the
truss at exterior wall top plates to
accommodate increased insulation
at the perimeter of the house.
~\ r,'!,:ri; ,~.~J i:JÚ¡ ~:
Install where conventional trusses
are used, They need to be special
ordered, The increased height may
require modifications to exterior
soffit and trim details,
¡;\:~:":~',.n\'.:
The perimeter Intersection
between walls and roofframlng is
often an area of increased heat
loss since conventional trus$es
reduce insulation to less that 6",
Rai,ing the heels allows for full
insulation around the house,
saving energy and money.
Orierltf:!d Strand Board
OSB for Stl(,!¡jt.hing
6. USe Oriented Strand Board
(OSB) for Subßoor and Sheathing
r:;;",:'içl';~;':·;(:I\'
OS6 is manufactured from fast
growing farm trees. ass comes in
sheets and is used for sheathing
and subfloors,
.',,!:·pi¡;:·:.',t;::··'\
Use ass as an altemative to plywood
for sheathing Or subfloors,
L:(J:ù1'il
aSB is as strong as traditional
plywood sheet material and is less
expensive, OSS reduces the need for
large diameter old-growth trees
required for plywood, Some ass
uses lower formaldehyde content
adhesives that contribute to healthier
indoor air quality.
Energy Hee\~ Dn Tn,J-:';ises Allow M~lrf:! 'n!j~~lati(ln
ventilation baffle
~,
Standard Heel Height t
les!;> than 4" for a
4/12 plLC;h ' --,---
Energy Heel L._.
7. Use Finger-Jointed Studs
L.'~.~'';..,'i'¡p:,;,,';'1 :
Fingerjointed studs use short pieces
of 2><4 or 2x6 material giued together
to form standard stud lengths,
I'\n :'.'i ~ ; ':,:1\ ;, : ~,'.'; 'I
U.c fingcr:iointed studs (graded
equivalent to full dimensional studs -
1997 UBC Standard, Chapters 23
and 35) wherever conventional studs
are typically used, In vertical
applications, Use offingerjointed
studs may require code approval by
your local jurisdiction, and may need
to be submitted to the structural
engineer of record for approval.
I+,';'.:;)';~ '
Fingerjointed studs reduce the use
of solid sawn wood studs. They am
straighter and stronger than solid
sawn studs, eliminating croaked
walls and reducing material waste,
"
compressed
InsulatIon
In this area
~
~
~
¡¡
z
"
~
i5
:;:
~
~
m
"
~
'"
¡g
m
z
~
~
9
c,
'"
~
¡¡
z
m
~
z:
~
z
m
~
z
"
"
m
8
z
"i
~
c:;
n
~
~.,,¡, ':"
/" ;~',¡
----
,''',in
,I: ';;"'~
8. Use Engineered Studs for
Vertical Applications
1"\::":\:I"'iI,:,t¡(,:I'~
Engineered studs are laminates.
like OS8, that are used in vertical
structural applications.
~
¡¡¡
~
..
~
10
"
~
6
~
'S
m
~
~
~
il¡,¡¡.::ICi.I!,i\.)II:
Use for interior or exterior wall appliça·
tlonse<œpt\\l-..eprohibited by seismic
codes, They am particularly appropriate
for tali cathedral wall applications,
I>:',:\{:\~"~,::
Engineered studs are straighter than
convffll:ional studs and will rot deform.
twist, split or warp. They save wood
by using small laminated pieces,
ô
¡::
u
~
¡¡
~~
[;"i
z
~
~
~
2
~
w
~
w
'"
:5
~
u
"
$.
::::.
~
z
w
w
~
"
9. Use Recycled·Conlent Steel
Studs for Inlerlor Framing
i) ·"iripl'.i('I';:
Steel studs can be either stand-
alone or provide a "e" channel over
wood studs. Steel often contains
75% or higher recycled content.
\ )p: i~ !~Î.k~! I
For use in non-insulated interior walls,
h \, :·'~I,~t'I ~
Steel reduces the need for wood
and provides strong Interior walis,
S1ccl Studs
10. Use Struclurallnsulaled
Panels (SIPs) for Walls and Roof
(.'."'!,,':,(:I ; !'!\ :!;~'::
SIPs are high·performance. load-
bearing sheets that consist of a
core of foam insulation with ass
on either side. SIPS can be used
for fioors, walls and roofs in
residential buildings.
;··V¡;!I(::,~:,:i;~";:
Use SIPs for stn.Jctural exterior walls
and roofs in place of stick framing.
SIPs can be designed to meet
seismic Zone 4 requiremen,^, Note,
It's important to seal thejoin,^ well,
to avoid water penetration,
'::')~:','I\:~: ! I
SIPS am mote energy.efficient,
provide excellent soundproofing and
reduce infiltration relative to frame
construction, They can be erected
quickly, allowing for fa<ter
construction. They save wood by
eiiminatlng much of the
conventional framing lumber,
Construction using SIP!;
11. Apply Advanced Framing
Techniques
1)"~"·:I,':"·;;1Î!<:'i !
Advanced Framing involves
framing exte'rior and interior walls
24fi on center.
t< ¡.: ~,.' I :::, ::~ t, I,',:·
Framing on 24" centers can replace
most conventional 16" on center
framing, The expanded centers may
reduce some types of siding
options, Advanced framing may
aiso include stacking trU5Se$ over
studs and using drywall ciips,
¡:~r:':1 ';/:\fït
Expanding centers makes the home
more energy effic;;:ient while saving
wood and construction costs. It also
allows for a higher percentage of tile
wall to be Insulated reducing frame
conduction heat I05S,
12. Use Reclaimed lumber
t :~::":;:: :' I :'::'1: ,~;:ï
High quality dimensional lumber in
long lengths can often be saivaged
from old buildings that are being
deconstructed or salvaged.
¡:"Pp\¡'::;'¡,:i""
Use reclaimed lumber for non-
sU"uctural appliçations, in place of
new material,
:}::·r~\:·r: :
Reclaimed lumber from decon-
situated buildings reduces resource
consumption and landfill deposi,^.
Reclaimed lumber is often of
higher quality than new lumber,
1.UseSustainableDecklngMaterials
~:, ~ecycled Content Decking
c;\~ ~.\'.ï i !.:ti c·!' I
There are two types of recycled content
decking: plastic lumber and composite
lumber. Recycled plastic lumber
contains only reçyçled plastic resins,
while composite lumber is made by
combining recycled wood fiber and
recycled plastic resins.
/, "\,,\i;l~\~:¡l,)n
Use recycled content decking in all
non-structural deck applications.
Both products can be used in place
of old-growth redwood, cedar and
pressure treated pine, These products
accept screws and nalls, and cut like
wood, Follow manufacturer
recommendations closely regarding
the amount of expan.ion that will
occur when u~ing plastic lumber.
~:' f¡'\~'!fï'i'
The durability of these materials is
greater than wood, They will not rot,
crack or splinter, do not require
staining and are not treated with
potentially toxic chemicals, Using
recycled content decking also reduces
pre»ure on old-growth forests,
B. Forest Stewardship Council
(FSC) Certified Wood Oecking
:")¡..~!¡:;::'¡r',~ :,:~q
Certified, sustainably harvest.d
lumber comes from foœst.5 managed
in an environmentally and sociaily
responsible manner,
,I:~<':)i,,: i! ( >:,'~, :!,;!
Use FSC Certified lumber for all eJCterior
decking applications or as structural
deck members in conjunction with
recycled content decking,
~,>;: '/11.
FSC certification guarantees that
forests are managed in a way that
will a.Sure the long-term availability
of precious woods whiie preserving
old growth forests,
2. Use Treated Wood That Does
Not Contain Chromium or Arsenic
for Decking and Sill Plates
()!: :(":;"i:'.\1.,:.I:'!
Alkaline Copper Quat.nary (ACQ)
and Wolman Natural Select are
a Iternative treated woods that do not
contain chromium - a heavy metal -
and arsenic, which are detrimental
to human health.
;\pr'!I,:;::,~',i:'i1'1
Use non-chromium/arsenic treated
woo:! fer any application that sp"dfie.
treated lumber including decking,
ferclng, sill plates, and .ite fumishings,
¡':::,<'~nc"i!,
ACQ and Wolman Natural Select use
copper as their main component,
and are a better alternative to
lumber treated with chromium and
arsenic, particularly for children who
play on or near decks,
3. Install House Wrap under Siding
Ui,:':'::"'::.:¡.::,¡I..I':
Hou.e wrap protects tho sheathing
from moi.ture and allows vapor from
inside to escape.
.-".¡,¡ ;i i ':>':~'; ~'il'·
In$tall hou.e wrap according to
manufacturer's specifications CNer all
sheathing before exterior finish is
installed, To provide an effective
drainage plane for water, it needs to
be lapped and edge. 5hould be taped
with manufacturer's tape, Special
products have been developed for
wrapping window and door openings
and for stucco applications.
"'''''''."'.o,.n
¡: ~ ;:,: 'j~,:!1':
House wrap provIdes a continuous
drainage plane that diverts water away
from openings and protects the home
from mold. It can al50 help reduce
moisture build up in stud cavitie$ by
allowing water vapor to migrate
through the material,
4. Use Alternative Siding Materials
A, Use Recycled Content Siding
¡Y,::r':.il: ~~ :,'"
Recycled content siding i. often
called hardboard, Hardboard includes
varying amounts of recyçled content
materials and looks and performs
like wood siding.
i,(,»')i j:,^;¡~ :.:,):'1
Us. hardboard where wood siding
is installed.
;,'~ ,,\ :",:..,: ¡i.
Siding that has been manufactured
with recycled woo:! fiber will not crack.
spilt or warp and holds paint longer
than solid VIOOd siding, therefore reduc-
ing maintenance costs. and resaurc:e$.
B. Use Fiber-Cement Exterior Siding
¡ ¡,:~",;,':I"i ;,I~ 'i'.,
Fiber,cement siding is composed of
cement, sand and cellulose fibers, It
is u.ually textured to look like wood
siding or stucco finish,
:'\í·r:¡:,':;""'"''''
Fiber-cement siding can be cut with
a carbide or diamond.tipped saw
blade, snapper shears or with a
guillotine outter. Dust protection
and control are required when
cutting with a circular saw.
¡::';!;'.rll:'f':i
Fiber-cement siding Is rnore durable
than wood. termite resistant, non-
combustible and warranted to last
50 years. Using flber·cement siding
reduce. the demand for old-growth
redwood or cedar siding. It may also
raduçe homeowner's insurance rates
due to fire resistance.
~
~
¡¡
z
"
~
i\
51
..
~
m
"
~
ø
~
z
m
~
~
z
~
<,
~
~
~
z
'"
~
CJ
~
z
~
,
~
;?
~
8
r;;
-,
~
,
~5
"
"
"
""(
i
-~.,=,"-"'''--'.
1. Insulate Hot and Cold Water Pipes
L :~::~:~.:,r i¡':<t.lr.)¡·,
Insulating water pipes reduces heat
loss or gain in the pipes while the
water Is standing,
/¡:',\¡:-,1:',:'::1:',¡""1"1,
~
"
I"
¡j
""
~
~
"
"
3
s
'"
~
"
Insulate hot water pipes in all runs
through unconditioned spaces:
basements, crawl spaces, attics,
etc. At a minimum, insulate both
hot and cold pipes at least 6 feet
from the hot water heater tD prevent
convective circulation from the
heater through the pi pes.
H, "',;:.ql,
Insulated pipes save energy and
water. The water does not need to
run a5 long tD get hot water to a
distant faucet, th,ereby reducing hot
water heating costs,
õ
G
"
"'
'"
g
'U
:i."
"
'"
"
'"
z
2. Install Flow Reducers in
Faucets and Showers
'"
'"
~
~
w
z
[.')(,':o:,r;ptk¡::
Flow reducers fit into the aerator at
the tip of the faucet and reduce the
rate of water flow through the
faucet. Low-flow showerhead.
replace standard showerheads.
s
"
"
"
z
§
"
'"
z
~
"
'''''''''''' ""~""""'"
;'\p:ì:i,;mk,l':
Specify low-flow water conservation
devices according tD East Bay
Municipal Utility District's
(EBMUD) recommendations:
.' Kitchen faucets <:2.0 gpm
.. Bathroom faucets ';;1.5 gpm
" Showerheads º, 5 gpm
Limit showerheads to one
fixture per shower
F:,("i~\i:::
Flow reducers can cut water usage
of faucets and showers by as much
as 40% with little noticeable effect.
3. Install Ultra-Low-Flush Toilets
"'" ''''''''''''''''',','
U{,::::i.:~: :.ìi'ii....~"~·
New high.efflciency toilets use 1 ,6
gpf (gallons p... fiush) or le5>, &me
manufacturers offer dual ftush toilets.
i\ç.~::.!1 i ,~:' <!I' ¡ <.\i::
Select a tDllet from EBMUD
(www.ebmucLcom) prMested list to
ensure the model actually U'E>S no
more than 1,6 gpf and pel1'orm. well.
"'" """"'''''''''''''''
F:'k·~II:',.{:i'
Ultra-Law-Flush toilets reduce the
amount of water usage.
'Irit~i-rh~,C;¥f~~~J~¿~·.:¿d~'§ª(\¡i~g!f~itdi~~:>. "11
:¡::¡:',::'::!:::,,::';': :': :,;':;:,,:,::,:, '. :::¡;;: :::':¡::::::;:::':!;:;-:" '::: ::::: ::¡::, ,. ,::' :::': ::::"::::'::::;:'!Ì:¡'<,::;:::,:;\,:':":':~:':::' ,: :,::;,::, '¡\'....:!:; ;:) :;,:¡":¡<;
,'çOnSUn1¢r?'JC!pc:hOi9<:?'I!fV~~~",':":":"" ::··,'.'.'..",.,1
.',;:::::; ;:,;; ::.'!"'.: :::,::::<; ;::,:: '::;;¡:,':: :: ;':,;¡::':: :¡:;: :i,:;::;":>:::" ::') :;:'; :::,,«':::::;~:::::»::::,::::::-,::;::,::~:;: .',: ',:>,: :::,,':;:'!,:' ,:(.:1:: i:::
":",,\{\Ia~~r:saying::v\I~~~~S~,,~:~ql'gi,§hyY'ì?her?·,'·,'.,'
:' ':::¡ \:' ,":: ':' :.: ", , :'" ':', , ': ,: :"":<"~::' ,<:, ''': ',1::-:" ,::-: " -:' :"':' I, I: ':' ~,I: I" ','~!"':' " I' ,:' 'I, ::< ,,::'.
,iVV¡jt£!I;cOpseJ)/ìllg !fa,liJo£!ts,;al1~lfiXtqçe?,,'
~~çYded,99rifer"ltl.ª~¿R¡ng'·"';r.·:.....·..
: :',< :-:::::' ':' ::," :'~: :',:':: :':':» :'i:~H:, :'I~::":',::',:I':;,:':::,i":",,:,::':::::',' ,;';i'::: ::,::;::,:;::,::::;: ):,¡ii
·E9~i.Q~~Œ~,)~, ~,tr:' ,,'..,.'.',..,.,.,.,.,.',..,.', , .",.1::::,'
s~ü~:t:~,:;:,!:~~~I:!iì~:or~(~IfB¡,~/~jh!l;~~,7:;,: ; ",1;1 !';
;i< ",",,1
':'::::!i!'",,:'
"":';;';li""I'"
,,;,:::,;!-:,';«';;
'"'·8"4"0;::,..',
" <, './0':1
"'"'' , "'"
',.,','".',,:,:,., ',',',.,., ,··,,',·6,4°'·,'.,
';,":':,,':::::::"" ,,/0
""63%'
i,:) ';:;::',:¡: ,::':' ,::i;', ',~:
,·:::..,··6,2'>/'·'
<:":',,':;;":'::¡II:,",,,,: >,~Øl"
".,. ·'I"I'::':::'::":::<:i'(::<>:"
"";:;:1' ""I
1'···:·.i!~lœmi..ili:¡_!IIIü'·
'¡::I,:::<,:''';¡i
4. Install Chlorine Filter on
Showerheads
!,!,:~',:,::/"i¡1:,Ú"1
Water fi Iters on showertleads
reduce chemicals and particulates
from the water stream.
^r.::',~i !~.;:L:,;:.!I
Install the water filter between the
pipe and the existing showerhead.
:,')~'~: ,!:':¡ ; t.·
Chlorine is absorbed 6 times faster
through the skin than through the
digestive s",tem, It has been shown
that chlorine absorption can have
adverse health effects on seme
people and especially children,
5. Install Tankless Water Healer
ní~~)C",::~)j :(,:
Tankless water heaters (flash or on-
demand heaters) heat water as needed
rather than having a tank in which
hot water is stored, Their capacity to
provide hot water is virtually unlimited,
;\I'\\.\¡:(:'~I:';Ü:j
Install tankless water heater as elo<e
to the point of use as po<sible, The
device should have a variable-set
thermostat and be appropriately
sized. Gas. tank.less water heaters
typiçally have more capacity than
electric tankless heaters.
i+:!.·',~',":'::
Conventional water heaters lose 15%
of their energy through standing
tank 10s'E>s, whereas tankless heaters
use energy only for Immediate hot
water needs. Tankless water healers
often are quicker and mar. reliable.
I'·
!
Ii
6. Pre·Plumb for
Graywater Conversion
!::' ")~.' ~., r ¡I,; I. i;,! I .
Graywater is wa5tewater from sinks,
, showers and woshing machines that
is not contaminated by hum.n woste.
!;;,lr,::ii".::':',h,":(':
Graywater plumbing separotes the
waste pipes from sinks. showers,
and washing machines from the
toilet waste. Graywater drains are
run to a holding tank similar W a
septic tank which, in turn, is used
W water plants, lawns and gardens.
Check with your local building
department for requirements.
'''''''''' ""''''''''''''"
;';:":':"1\'·:·::;'1
Graywater utilization cuts down on
the use of potable water for outside
irrig<:3tion and lawn watering. It i~
essentially recyciing water at home,
7. Inslall Water Filtration
Units at Faucets
:)G:~~cl':p,iœ~
Water filtration units can be installed
at Individual faucets or for the whole
house. They reduce chlorine and
many other chemicals, particulates
and microorganisms.
/;.pp1t('<:,,1,¡,,)~~
Whole house filters are for
drinking water and plumbing (not
for hosebibs or toi, le(5) Install
filtrotion system between the cold
water line and the main drinking
water faucets in the house.
1:k-I,',"li1
Agriculrural run-off, chemical leaching
and microorganisms increasingly
contaminate public water systems
acro'>< the country, House filtration
system, reduce the hea Ith threat of
these contaminants.
8. Install On·Demand Hot Water
Circulation Pump
~"~ ,.~ ,,; c f'; : '", t : :;' :"!
An on-demand hot water clrçulation
pump can send hot water to fi<rures
in seconds; without wasting water
while woiting for It to get hot. It uses
a pump W ropidly move water from.
water heater to flxttres, It stops when
water re.cha$ " pre"$eI temperature,
¡'\rlp;¡(';:;\~'kr
Install the pump at the furthest
faucet from the water heater, Only
one pump 15 needed to supply hot
water to .ny fixture and can easily
be Installed,
C\·::'·<:~i:;"·
Both water and energy are saved
since water doesn't have to be
wasted unti I it reaches the correct
temperature for use. Hot water
arrives to the fixture 5 times faster
than on average.
On-Demand Water Circulation Pump
~
"----............-...-'"'"
Waler Heélter
Cold
'W
Hot
"On-dem~nd" Switch '< ;1:
"
~
"
..
"
~
"
Ii
~
~
~
m
~
"
~
~
~
:z
'"
~
6
~
"
~
c
n
Ë!
~
~
~
~
z
m
~
z
"
~
~
8
z
~
'.
~
n
..,
"
z
¡"<"I<
:::1'
"'¡,!/"I¡
')"',)
1. Install Compact Fluorescem
light Bulbs (CFls)
::>::~~':;,: ¡ ,¡; tii}\)
CFLs screw in like con""ntional bulbs
but consume up to one-fourth of the
electricity used by Incandescent
bulbs to produce an equivalent
amount of light,
~
~
i
~
~
[;;
"
>!
"
~
s
..
I
~
/ippij(',,·:\1.i":;I"
Install CFLs in place of standard
Incandescent bulbs, CFLs are not
recommended for fixtures that are
turned on and off many ti mes per
day, Le. a busy batllroom, Choose a
CFL tIlat Is one·fourth the wattage of
tile incandescent bulb,
U¡:,:~::\ II.:
õ
5
~
"
tõ
z
"
u
w
;s
I
~
~
"-
c:
~
v,
"'
z
Compact fluor.scent bulbs are a
profitable investment, saving several
times tIleir purchase price through
reduced electricity bills and fewer
replacement bulbs because they
last eight times longer,
2. Installlnsulalion-Compatible (lC)
Recessed lighting Fixtures for
Compact Fluorescem Lamps
: 'J(~;;(:I' 'r: ::io,¡
Conventional recessed fixtures allow
heat to be exhausted into the attic
space, Air-tight IC fixllXeS are sealed,
allowing insulation to be blown on
top to keep the heat In,
i:·¡:;~¡.;; ; ( :/! \ i~~i : '.'
Use air -tight IC fixtures in soffits
and under Insulated spaces,
~,~: \:;'1' ('",il \'."
Typical rece>sed fixtures lose heat as
well as allow hot attic air to Infiltrate
into the house in summer months.
Alr.tlght IC fixtures dramatically
reduce the amount of heat 10$$/galn
tIlrough these openings.
'""",""",",""'~~","",,,",,"~>""Il"\~"""'__W,_""__
.----¡!
ENERGY STAR" qualified compact fluorescont IIgl1llng !
lasts up to eight times longer than inCöndescent lighting. ~
^' Save 1,22 to $65 in energy costs over the life of" 8 ~
I,;; "if' 'À 'd \
:'-:; " ' compactftuDresœnt bulb. You'll rep!aœM IIlŒlr\ !i!~t;!nt ~,'
J ,I'
¡.', ,I,. :,(~. 'I eight times to materl the life e:(þectancy of a slngl€! t
Ij' ~
'; , i '\ compact fl uorescent. ~,.
' ''''',~,,'''''~' I'
\" ,,," .
" ..'
,
e
~
~
;::>
~
"
z
~
:::>
..
"-
w
:J!
~
How dO you choos~ the right compact
fluorp.:'icent l1ulb? ThE! following is a
gener,) guide t.o as,:;;!st you:
¡
¡
~ Existing Incandescenr lamp
I
¡
I
--
II
I;
Sour~: "tWIW.pge.t(]~n ~
I
j
j
¡
!
"""'-""""""""'-,",,,...,,,""'-}
~\'\'",",~"""""'''''''""","",~_·''''''''''''''INf''''''_'~'I~'''_'''''''''''""",,,""'''·''
40 - 60 watts
75 wans
90 - 100 watt,
Proposed ENERGY STAR"
Compact Fluorescent. Bulb
11 -15 watts
16- 20 watts
23 - 40 watts
Savings over !he
life of the bIIlb
$22:$35
$43.
:t52 "'"
'__~~~"""""'='~æ~~~_
3. Install lighting Controls
n;:~~;;:.: i:"il.i:\;'\
Lighting controls use dimmers.
sensors and timers to turn lights off
in unused areas or during times
when lighting is not needed,
:,},) ¡:;I :::;í:)) , ~!: 'I
In$talllighting controls eitller at
specific locations or as a whole
house system. lighting controls are
especially applicable for e){\erior
useS. Dimmable CFL< are avai lable
at a premium,
::"';'::,"1>')':]':
Lighting controls reduce energy use
by having the lights on for shorter
periods of time,
4. Install High.Efficiency
Ceiling Fans with Compact
Florescent Lamps
í)':,..:"':: rl :~i', : ;:)~ ~:
Ceiling fans improve interior comfort
by circulating cold and warm air, They
can be aQjusted to either draw warm
air upward during summer months or
pU<h it downward during tile winter.
A~1~'!k;:'. ':""
Preferable loætions are bedrooms and
living room' where occupants spend
time. Ceiling fans mu<l; be supported
adequately between ceilingjoists,
F\')!'·~¡",:·fi:.:
Ceiling fans can reduce the need
for air conditioning and healing,
1. Offer ENERGY STAR" Dishwasher 3. Offer Energy~Efficlent
Refrigerator
!: ><,~~',·.;'i ¡¡; ¡ ,:~I ':
ENERGY STAR" dishwashers use
water and energy more efficiently
i\;1p: i"',::;!'~"~I"I·
Select ENERGY STAR" dishwashers.
These dishwashers use an internal
water heater to boost temperatures
Inside the dishwasher, For this
reason, water heaters can be turned
down to 120 degrees. 58vlng water
heati ng costs,
;':'i'!:.'::::
Water-efficient dishwashers are al>o
energy-efficient because most
energy consumed by dishwashers Is
used to heat water,
2. Offer Horizontal Axis
Washing Machine
i>;';)(:I';':,>1Y>[1
Horizontal axis machines load from
the front spinning clothes in and
out of the water to tumble them clean,
"\,.:,:,~:'c,!:k\!\
Select ENERGY STAR' horizontal
axis washing machlne5.
H';')';I:i'!',
Horizontal axis machines save
resources by using less water and
energy. They use up to 40% less
water and 50% less energy than
conventional top loading washers.
translating into lower energy and
water bills for the resident.
Manufacturers claim that there is
less wear and tear on clothes
compared to the traditional agitator
(top loading) machines,
!'\'<::C~':I·ìth¡,,~·
Refrigerators and freezers are among
the largest users of electricity In
most homes, They can account for
up to 25% of household energy use.
New appliances ere much more
energy~efficient.
I\r)¡:~ I t~,\':.t¡(;:':
Select ENERGY STAR' rated
refrigerators,
"'m,_",, """,-"" ''',"'-'''",'''','""''
[·¡!!!'II,I¡'i¡"
ENERGY STAR" refrigerators can
save over 10% of the total annual
electrical bill. Check with your local
utility company for rebate programs.
Built-In Rp.çyc:ling Cent~r
Horirontal Axis Wa:J1jng Mm:t1ine:¡
4. Install Built-In Recycling
Center
L"¡~) : ¡ ':: ~ ¡ ~ ( : ::': '
Built-in recycling centers provide
bins for separated recyclables and
food waste.
¡.;f':" :;';?':
Recycling bins can be built into
kitchen cabinets, a5 well a5 stand-
alone units in the garage.
; ;.~<':' :;, :'; !
A built it recycling center keeps
material$ 5eparated and free from
contamination. making it easy and
convenient to recycle.
~
~
z
~
6
z
~
i
..
~
Ii
~
~
m
Z
'"
E
5
.,.
~
~
6
~
z
m
~
~
o
~
"'
~
~
~
"
!?
'<i
Ô
"
z
'"I
.~.__._-
,',.,,",
1. Upgrade Wall and Ceiling
Insulation to Exceed
Title 24 Requirements
: ')F~~-;r.. : 1'; ¡' ¡ (';! '! .
Insulation in exterior walls and
ceilings can reduce the demand for
air conditioning and heating and
make homes more comfortable,
~
¡
~
B
i§
'"
!i!
15
~
S
m
~
~
~
I',,'''ir,;:';ï,ji.':r:'
A. Wolllnsulation
Insulate walls to oxceed
lltle 24 Standards:
Zone 3:
Increase R-13 by 20% to R-16,
Zone 12:
Increase R-19 by 20% to R·23,
ìí
Y,
'"
~
¡;
u
w
15
.I
B. Ceiling Insulolion
Increase ceiling Insulation
to exceed Title 24 Standards:
Zone 3:
Increase R·30 by 20% to R-36,
Zone 12:
Increase R-38 by 20% to R·45,
~
'"
z
~
~
v,
w
"
g
~
"
~
z
~
~
0'
z
W.
u
¡::i;:~:!d'il
Increased wall and ceiling insulation
Improves comfort, decreases heating
and cooling requirements, saves
money, and makes the home quieter.
Alameda CDunly enc:om )aSSÐS two diffp.rp.nt climate zunes a~ Identified by
State of CalifurnJa Tille 24 Energy Code E; (::h zonp. has specific requirements
as se1 forth In Tltlp. 24_
2. Install Recycled Content,
Formaldehyde-Free Fiberglass
Insulation
:.!c',,'Cli;",.\'.1!."1f','
Many fiberglass insulation product<
include recycled gI855, formaldehyde-
free binder<, non-a<phalt adhesives
or colored dyes,
¡\PP:;C::il'.ir::':"
When using fiberglas< insulation.
specify recycled content and no
formaldehyde. Fiberglass insulation
can be used for any typical
In<ulation installation.
,'·:',erlt.
Formaldehyde·free binders reduce
indoor air quality problems and
in.ulation may contain up to 30%
recycled gla55.
3. Use Advanced Infiltration
Reduction Practices
·¡(~:'i<:I"pti()n·
Expandable foam and caulk are
used to prevent infiltration where
wood connection::; are made or
framing is drilled to provide for
plumbing and electrical runs.
Aì:¡j::;:c.,)I.i¡,[1
The,e methods are especially
important when flbergla55
Insulation is installed, since
fibefglass does little to reduce
infiltration. Seal holes between
floors and between stud cavities
around wire runs. Caulk top and
bottom plates on all floors.
HI'I~'ìl.::'¡:.
Reduction in infiltration increases
comfort and reduce< energy bills.
4. Use Cellulose Insulation
II. Walls
í>,~~,::\,>'ii:.·tl,,)1 ;
Cellulose is a highly effective
insulation made out of recycled
new<paper, Damp·blown spray
cellulose wall in,ulation is mixed
with low toxic binder.; to adhere to
sWd and Joi51 cavity surfaces.
/!·,:"TIIC;",;,;~,:¡;
Thi< installation is appropriate for
new construction, Avoid damp.
blown cellulose during wet months
and install drywall only after testing
for 25% (maximum) moisture
content. Use boric acid treatment
only; avoid ammonÎum sulfate
treated celluiose insulation.
!:'~ !::.¡ ')¡:'1:;', :
Spray insulation completely fills
cavities and penetrations. thus
reducing air infiltration. The binder
in the insulation also reduces the air
movement within wall cavitIes,
reducing moisture Intrusion and
flame spread. U,ing cellulose
insulation makes the home quieter,
more comfortable and reduc.e~
energy use by 20-40%.
D<:ir\iþ-Blnwn Spri'IY Çellulnæ Walllmulatlon
B. Ceilings
nï:~'ii': :':")1:,:").::
Dry-blown or loose·flll cellulose is
treated with bintes for fire and insect
resistance. Cellulose does not contain
formaldehyde, which i< common in
many fiberglass insulations.
A¡>¡"lil,:,I:,',',';¡:
Spread cellulose over ceilingJoists
or blow into tight cavities to increase
ceiling R-value. It is important to
maintain attic or ceiling ventilation
pathways. especially in cathedral
ceiling application,. Avoid
excessive blown-in cellulose behind
netting as it may make it difficult
10 achieve flat wall, and ceilings
with drywall.Seslto use 5/8"
drywall only over dry-blown
cellulose in<ulatlon. Use boric acid
treatment only, avoid ammonium
sulfate treated cellulose.
r\~¡I'I\I: ~!
Cellulose in,ulation is formaldehyde-
free, provides up to 22,55% higher
fire resl<tance, manufactured with
recycled materials. It also reduces
air leakage and contribut.. to a
more comfortabie and energy-
efficient home,
"
~
ª
~
~
~
z
~
~
~
~
~
m
æ
þ
~
~
it1
'"
z
"'
~
~
~
~
c
¡j
;¡:
"
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
8
z
~
~
~
~
"
z
"",,"
,. Install Energy.Efficil!l1l: Windows
~
i
..
~
t;¡
"
\1
"
~
"
'"
~
Wind""", play a big role in the energy
efficiency of homes. In the summer.
they can allow unwamed heat imo
the house. and In tha winter, windows
can account for as much as 25% of
the heat loss, When selecting
windows, look for models with the
following energy saving features:
A. Double-Paned Windows
'>,)!'/,~¡:p:·,¡{'n\
Double glazing insulates almost
twice as well as single glazing,
i·'·¡·:-r';¡{~':IU(\lj.
Install double.paned windows
whenever possible,
!)e:''!t',!::;~:
High quality double-paned wind""",
make the whole house quieter and
,_w....__'.__.,.' ..t",..""".,,-,_.~w,,~w.m".__~:::""'--'-'l
National FenestraliOf1
'. Rating Cou~g,~I_. "010",,,,,10'
I., .._...
AAA Window Company ._n...._..u.... ......__....__.____ G,
"'~~'::,,"::~";:iI,:;:ffi"~=::.-·"'-' .... .,-,..,.,.,..--,."." 7 '
,(!,
j
j
¡
\:. ' :
*",""__"""""''''''''''''W'''WI'''W<''"''''''""\''''''''''''"'''''''~'''"''''''''''''''''''''''''''"'''''\'W'''''''"""M\""'''''W"""",,<''\~<NI'>~'''''''''''''''''",,'\iIlr'lNim\,,,,1
¡ 1. lcJok for this: !ab81 il:; :you!' assurance that 5. InCGpGnd8nt Ct:¡¡'tlfication and tn:>pcctlon
this window ha:=. Of:l'!l1 nçlepf:!'ndendy ra\:~CI AgellÇ:Y (I,A) ~~If!r.œcl by the winctw
using ¡] procedu!"1::! established by the NFRC. manufacturer. AU tesl:i~ is oonebYDn NFRC-
AlmOtlgh other laMlt may Dr<:- prCS8nt, the ¡xtnxJilOO liluÖ!iltory, ilnd rÐ$utl~ <:Ire st.nt to
NFR(: l;.'Ibel15 your best ¡;ource of energy the IA for evajuatlon, BoI:h laboratories and
perfnrmanœ Informath)I1, m8!llmlfcr.=.;,¡Ire inspected ,¡Il1nually to
ensure t.hat NFRC st¡¡¡ndards ar~
rn¡¡intain£.>d.
15
"
u
"
~
to;
Š
w
¡j
or
~
or
2
Ënergy Rating Fadors
...-..-,-.-..... U,¡".fI-'::¡()I'
D<:IT","""Q"l\o.:."""c~_¡ ~II(;I00
3,
'.. SClI::\1' HOi-\t (',(31~ Coo~lc,ieo('\1
D<n..."",,;,"-..=,",<_¡ ¡::,:¡~~
1 V!ll:ib~.¡ Tn..,~~"m;~
(1IjI~1"'~"')""'.'(»~·I"O""I'I r¡.\(:\:ç¡!
RRrl~~
-"...:...".,...
'J:!A,
0.34
0.31
0,32
0.32
.\1"ic!lI!'.tj
¡ '~"'III<::"
}¡...., .~~
.-.-.
.._._.__._._._.__M'
OS'I O,5S
~ )~~¡.j()'~·:Ht
Nnlt:~¡¡n:,"""~~"~lfI'Jli"f~~""'Jn'I""~~~,,~
J "'7!~/Ij"'"..-.¡f:""'""".,,,rr"~::II'"<I,",,_'>I>:>f:.¡>""'I"If'II1"'t\1YI"'.":lf!.'
""''''"';''Iro}'IIIIIXaf'''''; III'.'CI'1i'I" p~''''''''!:l>. 1'",~wilf",""i'':'nVm'''';<ur
~=J~'[
"'
"
"
'"
~',I
:::
w
º
:::¡-
"
u
Z
g
5
w
or
~
~
"
2. U-f<lctur i::; <:I rTI8õlSUf'1:!- of tlÐal ¡im:>ferT'!:!d
by ~tle entire wlt"I(1L)W (frame, $::!sh J:!11r1glaS$)
~Ithør intv 0[' out of dle building, A Smilllsf
lMJ:!ctor will provide a WIIl(lowwtllct1I3'ln(U'~
comfortable on cold days. liy to purchase,a ,
wl~lduw with tbu lOWest U-factor.
3. Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) is a
mú~~u 'ú öf Hlú 5ul¡¡r r.:tlier'gy únruriri!: \hú
1Jl.lllcling {hougl1 the cntlrc window, A lower
SHCC will r~r;h..u;.;!; air cl)f1dltloning ÇQ5.t.~ and
provide mare comfort on hot dRYs..
6. Name of ttle window m¡mufacturur.
7. NFRC technic.'!1 procedures by which the
wIndow W<lS BViJlu¡}ted.
8. The NFRC "rating", a nLJrnericClI value,
reþl'Gsøli11i tliø ¡' pplic1lbl~¡ onúrgy JL"I'forman(:t
charactE'lI5tlc. Resldelltlal (or "AA") aod
NI)f'\·r~ldent fll (or "Ban) af(! NFRC si;.e
d€:.ignatiOIl~. r<epres.entJ;ltive tes.t s.izf.!!i. are
chosen ft:r Brl1 product type and dentiœ!, sizes
4. VI[,lblc It'allsrnlttõjlit;¡j ¡VT) is. i:I t¡'le¡)~!!~: (If iY'0 u)~IJ..1IIr~ amt.1r'tl (l1ffúl'<!nt Ii')JnlJf~jctlJ 'ù(S, ~
the BmJunt, of vt=.lble ligl.... m\'f:!rlr~ t~ wlIldow, ~
Try to søl~~l ~ window with i} high VT. It wilt 9. Manufacturer's descriptiDn of the li!belBd ~
~' bring 'I1Qre natur¡j ('jf y-!l~1t jnto ywr hOt~\(~, ,pfMIJCt. ,¡
L' , SLliJrtl!: Ww'W.pgt~.(";om il
'''"'''''''''"'~_~'~''<-'=--VM<__'<><''''~~'~~~~"~'.''''''''''''~'~u=~~~""",,w.~"~.WI<W~
,~:'
"
more comfortable during all seasons.
while saving energy and money,
8, Low-Emissivity (Low-E) Windows
"'''~"'''''''~''W''WW' ",',',',,',"',..w,"',','"'"',....
nl':~;~;::: :Pt:;'):",
Low-E coatings, virtually unnoticooble
to the eye, are installed inside the
air space of a double-paned window.
The IQw·E coatings help prevent
heat from escaping through the
glass in wimer and block heat from
anterlng the home during summer,
i,\[~¡ :~: iï:.;·; I: ];;::'1
Use low·E. double.paned windows,
h.
¡'
1- , i':: '~i'~ t '"
Low-E wi ndows reflect hoot. making
the home more comfortable in cold
weather and on hot summer days,
The CO$t premium for low·E glass
typically pays for itself in a ff>N yea""
Low·E. double.paned glass coating
increases glass R-value to 3 œrnpared
to R,' for single-glazed wind""",.
C, low-Conductivity Frames
1_ r~. ,':;'!::~:,' ,,;',
Most window frame$ and sashes 'are
made of wood, vinyl. fibergla,s or
aluminum. Wood. vinyl and
fiberglass generally insulate better
than aluminum frames,
¡\:"'!":;:¡C:¡,:II("f':
Consider specifying wood windOW$
as standard window packages.
br;',,")~:' ï,,(
Wood windOW$ create greater comfort
and better energy efficiency and are
an envirormentally preferable material.
1. Use Duct Mastic on all Duct Joints 3. Vent Range Hood to
the Outside
k".(::;:'~ ;;":I"¡
Leaks in the joints between ductwork
allow conditioned air to escape into
attics and oosemonts, Duct tape loses
its effectiveness in 3-5 years, Mastic
maintains the seal for decades,
j'.:"'j",::(',:.¡:,':i\1'\
Install mastic at every ductjoim and
around the bends in elbows. It 1$
important for all ducts to be sealed,
kl')(,>r';~.
Leaky air duc!$ can cause negative
pres$urQ in the house whi ch çan
allow carbon monoxide from gas
water heaters and furnaces into the
home, Well-sealed ductwork also
keeps the hou<e mOre comfortable,
2. Install Ductwork within
Conditioned Space
nt:::·;,:ri:,\\i.::r;
Ducts in exterior walls, attics and in
uninsuiated spaces lose a significam
am<X.Im of heated or çooled air capacity,
AI:.;i. :!':,~IJ\i(:.';
All ductwork for heating or cooling
should be run through conditioned
space inside the insulated envelope.
[.\jet rtJ"6 require chase;; to be designed
into the home from the beginning.
U\j'~I!I·~r
Locating ducts in the conditioned
space significantly reduces energy
10>5 and improves occupam comfon.
u ~,~~¡c,~¡ ,'it: !.~i\ .
Steam, gases, smoke and other
combustion by-products (such a$
unburned hydrocarbons) can result
from cooki ng, Stovetop range
hoods expel these by-products to
the outside,
A¡;~;li(,::J!'.,(i:;
Range hoods are particularly
important for gas stoves and can be
installed where stoves are a<1jacem
to exterior walls.
I::~';'~:)( ::(ï :' :
Range hoods improve indoor air
quality, prevem overhaating and
excess moisture build-up,
4. Clean all Ducts Before Occupancy
i.' 1':;:',1: I~ (¡/;I 'j
Debris ar1d dust from construction Car1
cau~e allergiC reaction$ in occupa~.
"'''''''''H.'.''^,
,'.j ¡,):) I ; :,~ ::,: :,i!,ì!',
C lean or vacuum all ductwork before
OCCUpar1cy to ellmir1ate dust. Clear1
ducts bef<:re carpet is laid am finishes
are applied, Reduce dust build-up
by temporarily blocking register> at
time of duct installatior1.
[",:r':I\<')ï':
Children are especially sensitive to
micro particulates like drywall dust.
Cleaning ar1d vacuuming ductwork
reduces du.t around the house
after occupancy.
5. Install Attic Ventilation Systems
D·:,)~¡I.;1:ÜUI.ì:'.
Soffit and eave ventilation and gable!
continuous ridge vemllation exhausts
excess heat and moisture from attic
spaces by natural convection.
II, pp: ¡ ~~¡':~ t:::~,1 ':
Instell equal amoun!$ of ventllatior1
between the soffits/eaves and the
gables/ridges. The code requiremem
of 1 >quare foot of net free area of vent-
ing for every 15D square feet of attic
fi()(J" area smuld be doubled. Keep insu-
lation from blocking the soffit vents,
"" "'" """"""" ".^"
F' "~\ '!\::~:': ~
Attic5 can r~ac:h 140(l~ 160° F on a
hot summer day. That heat migrates
imo the house, exchanging air with
the living space. Eave and soffit
veming and continuous ridge venting
increases comfort, reduces air con~
ditioning cœt> and reduces probletn5
associatW with excess attic mOÎ~L..I"¢.
6. Install Whole House Fan
1>',',1":'
IJIIhJle house fans æn cool a house iMth-
out u5ing an air conditiooer by bringing
in large volumes Of fresh air at nigh¡,
1\[':, ¡\~: ,',:,\" : ,~\~~
The fan must be ""unted in a hallway
ceiling on tile top floor, ki Insulated,
airtight seal is necessary to prevent
air leakage in winter. Fans should
be sized to produce between 4-5 air
changes per hour and should have
two speeds: low speed for cominuou.
ventilation and high speed. Keep a
window open at night to avoid back-
drafting of carbon monoxide in gas
appliance flues,
~
!"
II
z
~
i
~
~
~
-~
~
m
Z
m
~
"
z
~
<,
c
"
e
rn
~
"
o
~
~
m
~
r
o
~
ª
~
~
~
~
Q
~
~=~r"~
,". ;"
',,;:,,'
:]
(.k·: ';,~: I~·
An average whole house fan uses one-
tenth the electricity of an air conditioning
unit, Moving large volume5 of air can
achieve indoor comfort at higher tem-
peratures without air conditioning,
i
~
~
~
~
"
..
9
/Ii
'"
w
w
~
"
7. Install Sealed Combustion
Furnaces and Hot water Heaters
·","','"",'m',,,""",'·,
[:r", ;!~pt;!.:;!'
Sealed combustion furnaces and
water heaters duct fresh air directly
into a sealed jacket around the
combustion chamber eliminating the
use of house air for combustion.
ô
"
"
~
"
~
Q
"
W
"
~
~
z
~
"
"'
'"
w
"
~
5
"
'"
..
9
~
z
w
w
~
"
i"{I!'.";:::r,:·jl'lo'·'I'"
Install in place of conventional
furnaces or hot water heaters.
:::,ii::I·¡fi:·:¡
Natural gas furnaces and hot water
heat.er5 u5e indoor air for combustion.
When a negative pre55ure 5ituation
is created In the home by exhaust
fans. drye," or leaky ducts. carbon
monoxide can be pulled into the
house from the combustion chamber.
Scaled furnaces and hot water heate,"
eliminate that condition, thereby
improving indoor air quality and
roducing the danger of oarbon
monoxide contamination.
B. Install 13 SEER and 11 EER or
Higher Air Conditioning with a
Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV)
['\:;:.(:.i1':Î,IO:)'
Air conditioning equipment is one of
the greatest load5 on ¡:,ower grids, SEER
(Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio)
measures cooling system efficiency at
low temperatures whi Ie E ER (Energy
Efficiency Ratio) Is a high temperature
performance rating. The higher the
SEERlEER number the less power is
required w provide OJrnfort. This ""'-'res
that the air conditioning sysœm oper-
ates at high efficiency during the full
range of 5um""" tempornture$, 1X\f Is a
refrigerant regulation device that can
help ensure that the air conditioning
sysœm operates at maximum efficiency
over a wide range of conditions.
hp¡-.:: li,\¡~,':,~~::
HigherSEER (13-18 SEER) and EER
(11 or greater) unit5 are installed like
any other AC equipment, Some AC
equipment comes with a factory
in5talled TXV and others accept a 1XV
that can be bolœd on. Zoned AC
systems allow 2 W 4 zones W be condi-
tioned at different œmperatures so rnly
the spaces being u5ed are coaled,
These require thermostats in each zone,
f)¡'::'fIÜ'"i?,
High SEER units save money and energy
and reduce peak load problems for
utilitie5, High EER 5Y5tem$ not only
save money and energy but offer
more cooling when )lúu need it most,
on very hot daY5. In5talling air
conditioning systems with a TXV
lowe," utility bills and saves energy,
9. Install Air Conditioning with
Non·HCFC Refrigerants
;::~~: ~,!~I'; :.< i 1:.1 ';
R-22 Is an HCFC refrigerant used in
residential heating and cooling
systems, R-22 contains chlorine
which i5 an ozone·destroying
chemical. In 2010. under the Clean
Air Act. HVAC manufacturers can no
longer produce new air conditioners
using R-22,
"" ""'''' """"'" """""'" ,~.'" ,.
1\¡:~¡)(;'(;';I'¡·)n
Some new AC units already U50 tho
alternative to R·22 refrigerant,
R-41OA, 5uch a5 the trade brand
Puron. Additional care should be
taken when handling refrigerants,
always select a reputable dealer
who employs service technicians
that have achieved Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA)
certification to handle refrigerants,
:.3t':"'~i'i ~'
U5ing alternatives to HCFC
refrigerants eliminate5 depletion of
the ozone layer in case of leakage
during replacement.
10. Install 90% AFUE (Annual
Fuel Utilization Efficiency) or
Greater Furnace
(>,';5',·;ti;'.\~,;('),,;
High efficiency furnaces convert
gas to heat with greater efficiency,
'\.p f'! ! ! ~.,:;:~ :, ' ~.' ¡'I
In5tall high efficiency furnace in
place of conventional furnaoe,
Installing the proper size of furnace
for the home i$ just as important as
its efficiency, Check with your local
utility company for rebate information.
H~~: '!,\::¡::
A properly sized, high-efficiency
furnace costs les$ to operate. It
saves natural resources, reduces air
emissions and helps create a
cleaner environment.
11. Eliminate Wood Burning
Fireplaces
;'(;'~~; (",:' ~ p Unn
The burning of wood In fireplaces Is
s major sOurce of air pollution
during the winter months, generating
up to one·third of the particulate
matter on cold evenings.
f.'·.r.':.¡i·'.>:,\I,'.ic'll
Install EPA ce.rtlfied wood stoves.
fireplace inserts, pellet stoves or
natural gas units. These units .rould
have outside combustion air vented
directly into the insert or unit.
nl,'.I"ir.~I:~',
The amount of pollutant particulate
matter will be reduced significantly
compared to that 01 a $l:andard wood
burning fireplace.
12. Install Zoned, Hydronlc.
Radiant Heating
::';(.:¡~':' : ¡:~ I. ;(:i"1
Hydronic heating forces hot water
through radiators located In
different areas or zones throughout
the house. It is typically installed
as ba5eboards or in floor5.
;\i>';::':':':,)ti\:!'1
Use hydronlc, radiant heating
instead of forced air heating, The
system must be designed before
construction starts.
,ì ',; (, i ~ ','; f; ~
Hyrl'mlc heating Is more comfortable
and saves energy by heating only
the zone that requires heat.
13. Install High-Efficiency
Panlculate Air (HEPA) Filter
(';~';V·.riptk¡r¡
HEPA filters remove over 90% of
dust and particulates from the air,
I\p;',~¡ l :j"J. ¡c:'~
HEPA filters are Installed in the
return air stream at the air handier,
which should be sized to handle
the reduced air pressure caused by
the filter. Some units have an air
conditioning setting for the fan that
will handle the retrofit filter.
B!,¡~,~!¡:¡I
The EPA has identified microparticu-
lates as a leading cause of respiraloly
discomfort, By removing these par-
ticle;, the HEPA filter makes the
living space healthier.
14. Install Heat Recovery
Ventilation Unit (HRV)
í\;':,I;~ i.~jt: :~:"
An HRV is a mechanical ventilation
system that recovers heat from
exhausted indoor air and transfers
it to the incoming fresh air stream.
1\ :1~; i !i:.;¡t ¡: ~i'!
The unit should be designed inw the
HVAC system to capture heat from
exhausted air from the hou5e.
Note: Use of this equipment is par-
ticularly appropriate with bl<>Ner door
test results of less than ,35 Natural
Air Changes per Hour (NACH), which
measures the air tightness 01 the hJuse.
~:.,\-:,),~ ì,~,~ :'I~. :
Air-t""ir heat exchangers provide for
fresh air in winter while exhausting
5tale indoor air. Heat i$ captured
from the exhau~t~d air 5tream and
transferred to the incoming air.
15. Install Separate Garage
Exhaust Fan
""""',",","0""""'''''''''''''''.'
!::!~,),'.¡,: Ii,: :"i:'):~
According to the U,S. Environmental
Protection IVJanr;y (EPA), an attached
garage Is the single most significant
contributor to poor indoor air quality,
Car exhaust contaIns many known
carcinogens and can migrate into living
spaces through doors and cracks in
v.ell; and cell ing acjacent to the garage,
,,',., '''''''''",'''''''''''",''.''.
i.'<:,pt:I',:':ì::(·¡I'1
Install exhaust fan on the opposite
wall from the door to the muse. It can
be wired to an electric garage door or
put on a ti mer to run for 15 minutes
after door has been opened or closed,
::':"::Ii(":';,\
An exhaust fan creates a healthier
indoor environment by reducing the
potential hazard of car exhaust
from entering the house.
R~diant Floor Heating
I
~
~
"
¡j
¡
~
~
m
~
~
~
~
m
7
'"
s:
5
"'
r.;
~
c
o
!"
z
'"
.,
"
o
~
"
~
Ii
~
8
z
~
:;\:I
~
2
o
z
.,\,
,,:-'i,.('
1. Pre-Plumb for
Solar Water Heating
:)'.:\',¡:rl,;I:,:on:
;1
~
..
~
~
Insulated copper pipes are installed
from the attic to a hot water closet
Dr mechanical room for future solar
Installation, This option allows the
homeowner to install an active solar
system at a later date if they desire,
¡:\:~T': i'·..:\~,:')r·.:
Provide south-facing roof area for
collectors and access for piping to
a mechanical room.
~
"
"
~
Iii
'"
w
~
b1mer'j1.
Solar hot water pre-plumbing can
$.ave money for the homeowner If¡
at some point in the future. they
want to install a solar system.
5
[)
t
~
'"
8
.,
o
~
~
~
~
Ei:
",
Solar Hot Water and
Space Healing 5yslem
g
::;
<>
"
z
~
=,
(1','
Z
W
W
~
"
tf.¡¡¡;¡(\1n';j~,)~
Solar t,,,,,.:,,,, '; I , ,.~
'.-"¡'¡~;iÌ!'j¡:" '" I
Collector ' '., I I
I I
,
,~
to"'I'!' :~
""'0 I ,'If
-8' i!:J:
, .,' 0
I').--t-
:':::.~,~:,~.> !1;;
: ! I: '.:
, 'I'·
! "/""~': II"
Hot Water' I . : . II,!
> T' , I
Storage Tank II ~! Ii,
! \ ~'I ! :
: ~~I I I )j {'
·k. \. h_ø/J'
Heat Wi.. ,
Exchanger I:~ Q,;,;",;tIØ
..
Z. Install Solar Water System
L,';:i,,'r<Dti(II"
Solar water heating systems use
solar panels to collect haat frern the
sun. The hot water Is stored for use
at a later time, Water pre-heated by
a solar'system can also supplement
uSe of a standard water heater.
ii.¡.';;,¡(':.\',:\,¡~:
Provide sufficient south-facing roof
area for collectors, and allow space
In a hot water closet for the
additional hot water storage umk.
3¡';1'~1';'~·".~
Solar hot water systems can pay
back in as little as seven years and
reduce the use of gas or electricity
for water hl.'!a,ting.
3. Pre·Wire for Future
Photovolatic (PV) Installation
:>¡~'.'~I';:: ~I,¡¡.in
Running wires from the roof to the
electric service entrance/circuit
breaker panel can save costly
installation of photovoltalc panels
at a future date.
/,~'ç:, ;:,(I!,:(:~I~;
Run two pair #10 THHN wire plus
#8 ground În conduit from the
south facing roof to a junction box
near the panel (don't wire the
panel). East and West facing roofs
can work if the south Is unavailable
or shaded for panels.
:':,\,.:!.,~:",q;
Photovoltalc panels and systems will
continue to drop in priœ ovar the
next few years. Homebuyers may
not be able to afford the system
today but may be interested In the
future when the price comes down.
4. Install Photovoltaic (PV)
Panels
~:>,~~':',·,I"i::)),:C!":
PV panels contain hundreds of
small cells that collect the sunS
energy and convert It into electricity.
Excess electricity can be sent back
into the utility grid, The collecœd
energy can also be sta'ed In large
batteries to meet the needs of
nighttime energy requirements.
'''''''''''",''.'''''"''''
i\~'!:':'1 ;(';31.:(',1:::
Typical PV Installations Include ftat
roof, sloped roof, building integrated
PV and !TOund mount. Items to
consider when installing PV Include:
sunlight-minimum of 4 hours required
during peak period (8 a.m. to 4 p,m.)
with no shade; orientation-anything
but North: angle-flatlD 60 dEg"oos;
adequate roof area-depanding on
type of PV selected (monocrystal,
polycrystal or amorphous).
::"¡f.::i':,"¡
PV panel$ can be used as a means
to decrease relÎance on
conventional power plants that
oontrlbute to air pollution,
Installing Solar Water 5~tem
5. Install Solar (PV)
Walkway lights
6. Select Safe and Durable
Roofing Materials
:":'(":.'U¡FI',:"~1:
Solar walkway or exterior lighting
use photovoltalc cell$ (PV) to create
electricity during tile day and store
it in batteries for night time use,
I}::',¡"·,!'ipì·;~¡"·
40-50 year asphalt composition,
tile, 5late, fiber-cement and metal
are examples of safe and durable
roofing materials. Avoid cedar and
wood shake shingles,
''"',:.'' ::';'::'.1'.10:
Light!; can be placed anywhere
without the need to run wires as
long as they receive sunlight
during the day.
A,»)i'ir;'('·,~iï)f'!:
Applicable anytime roofing material
is specified,
1:\;\1;·;·:'1:¡~.:
¡:~; ~~ ['¡ ¡':~ ~.. ~t:
A durable and safe roof is cost
effective and reduces landfill
deposits,
PV lighting Is cost effective and
reduces the neod for grid·provided
electricity.
7. Install Radiant Barrier
Roof Sheathing
~\,,~:..,<:,"in::<ì;'1
When radiant energy from the sun
5trlke5 a surface, It 15 converted to
heat energy. A radiant barrier
reflects radiant heat and does not
emit It to the cooler surfaces around
it Radiant barrier 5heathing is a
roof sheathing material with a
reflective layer (film or foil) applied
to the underside,
¡<\i:'!~'!1 ;I,','~:\l; ','I!'~:
Radiant barrier sheathing can be
U$ed in place of conventional roof
sheathing. Apply reflective material
to the underside of rafters.
":\(...,,,
Radiant barrier sheathing reduces
heat bulld.up In attic spaces by not
re.radiating hoat from to roof to the
attic, It can prevent up to 97% of the
sun's radiant heat from entering the
home and can bring attic temperatures
down as much as 30 degree5 on hot
days. keeping the whole home cooler
and reducing energy consumption
for air conditioning.
PhmovoltAic PofInel System
RMian¡ Barr'le ' She:<Jt.hirig
Ii!
ª
~
5
"
"
!I:
~
§
,.,
~
~
"
~
'"
z
m
Ë
"
z-
c,
"
C-::.
n
,"
z
~
~
Ci
~
¡¡¡
~
z
o
~
8
z
"i
"
z
n
..,
"
z
/\;
.¡,j;
1. Incorporate Passive
Solar Heating
D¡",c':c·ip!',inn:
Passive solar sysœms provide hæt to the
structUre through south facing windows
in cor}junction with thermal mass.
i\¡::pik,·'!\':i';;·::
~
~
~
~
~
Ei
~
~
~
¡¡¡
"
~
~
The house must incorporate windows
that face within 30 degrees of due
south and have the ability to sto",
excess heat in massive elements such'
as a slab floor or stone fireplace.
¡,~,'.!~II: I:'L
Passive solar de5Îgn can reduce
heating requirements by 30-50%,
saving energy and money,
Ô
5
~
~
ô
u
w
ð
I
~
'"
"
2. Install Ovemangs or Awnings
OVer South Facing Windows
:::;1; ~ ~:< I' ¡I:: I. >:': ~,
ProPffly sized overhangs or awnings on
south facing windows are important
æmponents of passive solar heating
and natural æollng, OVerhangs and
"
~
~
w
z
8
~
"
,~,
"
i5
~
~
z
Iti
.'
u
Awning ("mçJ Trelli~l;:!!;> ~'Q RetlLJçe Heat C;~in
awnings help iœep the heat of the sun
from entering the home during un....n-
led times, but allow heat 10 enter in the
winter, These shade COI1!ro! devices
can be oversized roof overhangs.
wood trellises/arbors with deciduous
plants, or a<jjustable a- demountable
awnings made of fabric or metal.
i>.p::,I!'::')I>:",'
The overhang or awning design
should keep out summer sun by
shading the entire window during
the hottest month(s) of the year. Size
overhangs or awnings above south
windows so that winter sunlight is
allowed into the space, where It can
be absorbed by thermal ma55, and
be re·radiated as heat. Also
consider shading devices on the
west and east facing windows to
protect from morning and afternoon
heat, especially in hotter climates.
D~;·:':(',{:i:.
Overhangs, awnings and trellises are
an integral part of making passive
solar heating and natural cooling
work, RemovableJretractable fabric
awning$ cffer a low cost solution to
reduce heat gain, lower energy bills.
and make the home more comfortable
in the summer
3. Plan! Deciduous Shade Trees
on the West and South Sides of
the Home
"" ""''''''''''''M'''''''''·''·''·
r)i')~;,::; ip\,¡:;:'~
During summer months, the 5un
shines on the south and west sides
of the home causing the home to
heat up which in turn mokes air
conditioners work their hardest.
Trees offer the best solution for
keeping out low-angle sunlight from
west and south windows In summer.
The additional cooling demanded
by low.angle sun penetration of
wta5t windo~ in late '$ummer after-
noons create the most $ignificant
summer peak utility costs,
!lp¡'::¡,::;,;I,i,·,)~"
Plant shade trees on the west and
south sides of the home to provide
shade and summer cooling. The
most important areas to shade are
windows and paved areas. Keep
trees three feet from the foundation
to avoid introduction of pests and
root intrusions, Avoid planting trees
too close to the home or utilities.
l'! ',:( !('1'II~
Pianting shade trees can reduce
summer air-conditioning costs by
25% to 40%, Trees provide
numerous addítional benefIts to the
environment including c;:lean$ing
the air, creating habitats for birds
and play places for chiidren as well
as adding aesthetic beauty to the
neighborhood, Through shade and
evapotranspiration, IJœS can create a
microclimate that is up 10 15 degrees
cooler than the surrounding area.
1. Install Whole House
Vacuum System
~",)¡.,>.~,:r ;~.'.;.',)I)n:
Whole house vacuums exhaust the
dust from the house outside rather
than collecting it in a bag that may
not filter the dust effectively.
!\:')i'" : :. i,,':"' \' i(',~ '<
Whole house vacuum systems must
be vented outdoors. not into a
garage. and not to any area where air
may be taken back into the house.
b(:'n(:'T:t:
New generation portable vacuum
cleaners may have HEPA filter that
reduce 1I1e size of dust particles blown
back into the house. Most vacuum
cleaners do not filter the dust
effectively and merely redistribute
the dust that is most harmful to the
respiratory system, This can aggravate
asthma and other respiratory
problems. Whole house vaCuums
expel the dust outside the house,
2. Use low/No-VOC and
Formaldehyde-Free Paint
~.'J,:.':~. :" ¡;') L i: ',,'
Most paint releases volatile organic
compounds (vacs), a m~or indoor
air pollutant, into the home, Once
outside, vacs react with oth..-
pollutants, producing ground-level
ozone that also affects human
health, Often low/no-VOC products
are manufactured without mercury
or mercury compounds, or pigments
of lead, cadmium, chromium, or
their oxides,
¡i.:):::,;ic¡:·,t:·
Paint with 10wlno-VOCs is available
from mo51 m~or manufacturers and
is applied like traditional paint
products, High washability should
be specified for bathrooms. kitchens
and children's bedrooms, Every
finish and rwst col"" are available in
lowlno-vac paints,
f:.: (: r \~,,: III
Low/No·VaC paint reduces the
emissions of VOCs into the home,
improving indoor air quality and
reducing the formation of urben smog,
3. Use Low VOC. Water-Based
Wood Finishes
! "ï')~' ;';:,' ~:'~~ :'Y"<
Conventional solvent-based wood
finishes can "offgas" for months,
and can be harmful to children.
"affgassing" means the solvents
::'::"':':< ::. ,,~: ,:"',''' '::" :: ':::':: ::' ': ':: ;;: :",', <:':-:-:: ::': ': '::: ::::~:,"" , : ::',: :':::: ::, ':, :"':, ,:': '::~:,:', ::' :: ;':: :,::: ;: ': ': :::':: '::: ,,: "':' ': ,: ::' ,'; :~ :', ':::-::: ::,,:,' < ::':i ':: ::":::: :",
...'1 n iåtil1ª..ì rnprQv~~·¡8doåiøri·q¡J~lit~feat6n~s,.:t:he;
;,;: ' :',:' :', i' ,:: ::: ':: : :, :: ':;',; : >I :: :: ~: :,'; :: .::. :;, ,;: :" ,; :' ' : ::-:: :: ;: ¡:; :: :: :: ,,",:! i , ..;:' ¡:: :', ' , :::' :';, :' ,¡ :' !', :;: ¡: ::',': ,:: ,,: ":,:: ': <,,': '.:: ::' :! :: ::: ':: ,: ':,' ': :;
1Tt~~ mr!~X:91'~9n$ÛrIjEir~S<lld'tHE'("fOllaWirig$~O~I,d ','. " '.
be,standard:' 'I' "r
'. '::::.:, ':: :: ::' :::!; I: 1:-:: :: ¡I: :: :, :: :,:,:: :: :; :: ;:: ' ': :,,: : " :::' ':' ':;:: :: ::' :', " :" :; :, ;:"; ";: ': :; ::.:' :: ~ ': :: " :: :.': I;, : '
f9(æèld~hyg~:fFe~in~¡j'~tiÒQ,""""
L¡¡;;';\ìÖCåJrit:~ '. '.
",' "",,p, ,,,,, ",..,..1, ",'" ,,',
",I-+eåtrecoveryVeMiil ~tiO¡'¡ Uhit<...·,,:" ..'
: " ,: '~ :,'.. ", ,,' '"',,,,' , ,,' '" ' :, '::' ,.,,: :! ,: ' : ,: I'" ,I", , ' ,,:, 'I :" ' " '" : ~,,' ,: " ::!':::' "
'" 50Üri.ii::: :;tti':si:;¡¡~,:~rd~;~¡)li0k~c.pL: ..'!::::;:,:::::;':::::"""" ,,'"
,/', , "'" '·',"''''','::',',:',::::':',:'/:''/1':'''':,:'::'::',",:",:",
" )QlllilrnmimtilRBIŒlill
;::,::::,,¡::,
'::11'.:":
"i::
t
are continuously released Into the air,
which contributes to poor indoor air
quality, Low VOC finishes, such as
water -bome urethane and acrylic, are
lower in toxic compounds compared
to conventional soivent-based finishes
while providing similar durability,
""",'.''',"'''''.''''
,,':'m:¡iIJ>".(i~~:'i
Low VOC wood finishes can be used
in most applications when~ ~olvent·
based finishes are typically used, If
solvent·based wood finishes must be
used, they should be left to offgas for
three to four weeks prier to occuparcy,
¡y.;:.":,,,::
Using low VOC wood finishes reduces
offgassing into the home, improving
indoor air quality, and reducing the
formation of urban smog,
Low/No-Voç [J{lir¡~
!J
fiI
"
¡,
¡;¡
1\
'"
¡¡
~
..
~
~
"
¡;;
~
m
z
~
.s:
5
z
"
"
ç
¡¡
"
~
~
"
,~
z
"'
"
z
o
~
"'
8
;7,
~
~
ii
~
5
z
--
-
1\':"'\
(',):¿
4. Use Solvent-Free Adhesives
~:;r~ :'.,,': \ ~p t I~.)I
Unl ike solvent-based adhesives
that offgas toxic compounds for
months, solvent -free adhesives
reduce toxic gosses such as aromatic
hydrocarbons or solvents that
contribute to air pollution.
~
e¡
~
..
8
È1
"
!1
"
~
f, I'~:.: I: ',:;:. I.::. ':"
Use solvent·free products In place
of standard adhesives for all interior
applications such as installation of
flooring. countertops, wall coverings,
paneling and tub/shower enclosures.
õi
~
f,':"<'I'I!:'fi¡
Solvent-free adhesives are often
5tronger, emit fewer pollutants. a.nd
reduce the potential harmful
impacts on the hea Ith of the
occupants and installers,
5
¡-;;
c>
~
..:
ø
5
c>
w
t
"
~
~
~
2
u,
;:
~
~
"
"
z
is
~
~
Cerriflud Wood (;ab¡nÐl~
5. SUbstilUle Particleboard with
Formaldehyde-Free Materials
U,:.<·;C:': p'l ;~,~n
Particleboard Is made ITem wood
fibers and an adhesive that contains
urea-formaldehyde, a suspected
human carcinogen, TIle formaldehyde
is conti nuously rei""sed, which
contributes to poor indoor air quality,
Particleboard is typically used for
cabinets, countertops, stair treads,
and shelving,
i:';".¡,:';,!.:<!.(.I'.,:r:
Whenever possible, eliminate new
particleboard Inside houses by
using solid wood for stair treads,
certified exterior grade plywood or
formaldehyde. free medium density
fiberboard (MDF) for shelving.
cabinets and substrate for counter!op$.
;;'~,,(,,~: II
Elimination of particleboard reduces
formaldehyde exposure to residents,
particularly children, who are most
susceptible,
z
w
."
~
~
6. Use Exterior Grade Plywood
for Interior Uses
O(~~:(",f'i:')~: :;1"::
Exterior plywood uses phenolic
resins that of/gas much le53 than
interior plywoOd, Interior plywood
typically uses urea-formaldehyde
glue which of/gasses into the house,
·'\;:-:pìiC;:lt:¡·,,·,
Substitute interior plywood with
exterior plywood for custom cabinet.
and shelving.
H(:':rl¡,',~' i::
Formaldehyde is a suspected human
carcinogen and should be avoided
whenever possible.
7. Use Formaldehyde-Free
Medium Density Fiberboard
(MDF) and Materials
r;.~:~;;.~i' I p'[ :(,\:' \
Most MDF Is made from sawdust
and an adhesive that contains urea
formaldehyde, a suspected human
carcinogen. MDF without
formaldehyde binders is now
available, Other alternatives include
Forn'l2lIdéI1yd~-FlBe Met:llurn Density
Fiberl.J(¡õJl'd Tt'IrTl
certified plywood and boards
made from agricultural wasle,
such as wheatboard, a strow-
based particleboard manufactured
with non.formaldehyde and
emission-free binders.
t. :iI1: I \:.,:", ~ ~ I ::~ ';
Whenever possible, eliminate
formaldehyde.based MDF Inside
Ihe home, MDF Is typically used for
cabinets, trim, and shelving. Use
alternatives such as certified
plywood. formaldehyde.free MDF.
or wheatboard for shelving and
cabinets, Use tile, stone, concrete
or natural linoleum for countertops.
:,:1:, ~I ""\ ï '
Reduces formaldehyde exposure to
residents, particularly children,
who are most susceptible. Some
boards made from agricultural
waste are superior to wood-based
particleboard In moisture resistance
and structuml properties, and
provides for the reuse of a former
waste product,
e
FDre5tSteward5hip Council
The FSC logo on a product
provides cOnsumers with an
assurance that the wood they use
comes from forests managed in
an environmentally and socially
responsible manner.
8. Seal all Expo5ed
Particleboard or MDF
~. j ~', ''", f i (:','; ~'i:n
Using less-toxic, low permeability
paint or sealer to seal exposed
particleboard or MDF will reduce
the relæse of harmful 9Osse5 and 1$
the next best solution to elimination
of particleboard,
i":'ipli·"i¡\":·"~'1
Whenever formaldehyde-based
MDF or particleboard is used, seal
all exposed edges of cabinets,
undersides of countert0p$, stairs,
shelving, etc, with at least two coats
of le"'·loxlc, low permeability paint
or 5éaler prior to Installatíon.
1:h:!j':(;(¡!,
Sealing all exposed particleboard
reduces exposure of harmful emissions
to ",sidents, particularly children.
who are most susceptible.
CIte
Smart Wood and Scientific
Certification Series
These groups verify that forest
management i$ accomplished
according to the FSC program.
9. Use Forest SteWard5hip
Council (FSC) Certified Material5
(:'>;~~',T:~,\I i::, '!
FSC certified materials (e,g. trim,
doors, shelving) come from forests
that are managed in accordance
with $ustalnable forest practices, It
is particularly important to specify
certified wood instead of clear,
knot-free trim as this material is
Iypically harvested from non-
sustainable, old growth fore$t$,
,;\p:~ :~';~;'~'~',~[';
U$e FSC certified materials in any
application that normally uses
conventional stain-grade material~
'" ",,,,,on,,..'"'"'
'::< (:'I"'~":.::"
Su...'"itainable forest certification a$urffi
that the forest from which me trim 1$
produced is managed in a way tllat will
assure the long. term availability of
these precious woods whi Ie protecting
anclenl old growth fcrests.
10. Use Finger-Jointed or
Recycled Content Trim
'~,>",:i'::1 ;¡;«;(,:,r;
Flngerjointed trim is manufactured
from short pieces of clear wood
glued together to create finished
trim. Recycled content trim Is made
from "'cycled polystyranaipla$tlcs,
""""'"'''''''''''''."'''
;:,~,(',,\ !,':.,ï:'~C': ':
Use flngerjointed or recycled
content trim in any application
where trim is to be painted,
. :- ');.~1:'.:'''; 1 .
Flngerjolnted or recyçled content
trim is straighter and more stable
than conventional clear wood. and
u:5eS materials more efficiently.
"
~
I"
,.
"
z
.,
~
~
..
~
~
"
~
'"
z
.,
"
~
"
z
"
"
c
Ô
"
¡¡¡
~
~
"
"
z
.,
"
~
"
ê
;¡;
~
~
r
g
~
-'1""1
" '
\\,1
~
"
I:,::' :;.
1. Select Forest Stewardship
Council (FSC) Certified
Wood Flooring
;
~
¡j
..
~
"
!i'
"
~
~
'"
~
"
;~::':i'.I"~~.j I,":; ': :
Certified wood floori ng comes
from forests that are managed in
~ccordance with sustainable forest
practices. Certified wood flooring
products are available in a wide
variety of domestic and exotic specie;,
.~',:, ;,\f.) ¡ ~(,~,I ¡,¡i.'..~ 'j:
Use FSC certified wood in place of
conventional hardwood flooring,
:'~¡:.!. ~~, !'; t.
Sustainable forest certification
assures that the forest from which
the flooring is produced is managed
in a way that will assure the long-
term availability of these precious
woods while protecting ancient,
old-growth forests.
Ô
E
~
~
~
..
S
"'
~
;."¡
±
"
"
,.
~
~
~
~
w
c
5
"
"
z
$
"
'"
z
w
w
~
"
Bamboo Flooring and ~,ecycIM Content Carpet
Z. Use Rapidly Renewable
Flooring Materials
D,,~~r,! ::,d,;I":"··
Bamboo and cork flooring are
alternatives to hardwood flooring.
Bamboo is a fa5t growing gras5 that
can be harvested in three to five
years, Cork is a natural flooring
material that is obtained from the
outer bark of the cork oak tree that
is regenerated every 10 years.
l\r,lp;k:¡-,,\j~,,)I·!
Uæ these alternative flo,,"ing materials
In place of conventional hardwood,
Make sure that a durable finish is
used on the product
bi':'I:;';¡:¡~
Fast growing, rapidly renewable floor
substitutes are attractive and reduce
pressure on hardwood f<rn>ts. Bamboo
is as durable as v.ood; cork is naturally
fire and moisture re51stant as well
as sound absorbing.
8<3mboo Flooring
3. Use Recycled Content
Ceramic Tiles
í:';;,,'~,:~':: ~ (YL: ~):'I
Recycled content ceramic tiles can
contain up to 70% recycled glass.
Originally developed for high traffic
commercial conditions, recycled
content tiles are very durable and
wear well in residential applications.
""" ""'^'^'"'..
""'''''^'''..,,"'.,"
N~r,'¡Íic.,~:II',:;·;r
Install recycled content tiles wherever
conventional tile< are 'peclfied,
[,~ :.~ ¡ ~¡,? I '-'.
Some recycled content ceramic tile
is very dense which significantly
reduces the amount of moisture and
stains that are absorbed into the
tile, making it more durable and
easier to maintain.
N.¡¡turt:\1 linoleum
4. Install Natural Linoleum in
Place of Vinyl Flooring
::,ìe,,:',::,I',\;I,.I'::f1:
Natural I inoleum Is manufactured
from natura I materials such as cork.
and linseed oil, Unlike vinyl, linoleum
doe5 not contain petroJeum"based
produc:ts or chlorinated themicals such
as PVC. which may be a source of
VQC offgassing. There is also concern
of by-products such as cancer causing
dioxins, which may be produced
during the manufacturing of vinyl.
·';,¡;r::ic.,::1:0n·
Use natural linol.um in place of
vinyl flooring,
:~( \:'::' .:.lfï'!
Linoleum is low-toxic, easy to r.poir,
durable, and stain re,istant. Linoleum
can last up to 40 years, whereas vinyl
lasts typically 7-10 years,
Ingredients at Natural Linoleum
I]]
5. Use Exposed Concrete
as Finished Floor
ih,'· ·:'ip:'i':',!
For slab-on-grade construction, the
concrete can be polismd, finished with
expansion joints in various patterns
or stained with pigments to make an
attractive finish floor. This approach
I' especially appropriate for radiant,
in-floor heating systems.
?,:j;"i;!,:,~7YI:
Use this approach for slab-on.grade
construction. Finish must be
designed and constructed when slab
is being poured.
""""" "'''' "'
U'.:',:',i,~"i"·
When using the slab as a floor finish,
it eliminates the need to use other
flooring materials, Additionally, it is
durable and easy to clean,
'-
U~OO with pcrmi~>I~n n\:lln Till" 1"11(1 f/¡¡(!'H+
¡¡¡J\..
¡j!"."",d~
. 'W"1I'!:
6. Install Recycled Content Carpet
with Low- VOCs
¡ );.~!;,:¡ ! r',;!.! ,,~.',.
Recycled content carpet 1$ made
from recycled plastic bottles,
re<oycled nylon/wool or recycled
cotton. Recycled content carpet
does not diffor in appearance or
performance and the price i.
comparable to conventional carpet.
The Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI)
ha. a Green Label Indoor Air Quality
Test Program which label. the VOC
content of carpeting,
.\ [" (' ~ I, i i'; ::., !, : ('" ':
Use recycled content carpet in all
applications where conventional
carpet i. specified, Choose carpet
that meets or exceeds the CRI
Green Label requirements.
Re50urce: www.carpet-rug.com
i:: ~:,' I" 1(' /" . ; :
Re<oyçled content carpet saves
resources and diverts waste from
landfills. ApprOJ<imately 40 two-liter
soda bottle$ are re<oycled per square
yard of carpeting, Recycled carpet
is often more resilient and colorfast
than carpet made from virgin flbee.;,
.-'
..
'~~'~!!"
.'
,¡",
.-
f ,~"
'.'
~
~
z
m
~
¡¡
!í
"
~
§
..
~
m
~
"
In
~
m
Z
m
ç
~
~
~
"
c'
i"
z
C"
~
<'!
~
"
~
~
~
m
n
e
~
."
~
~
='
"
"-
,.~.~~,~
Chapter Five:
Selling Green Homes
;i
'"
w
iï
.!i
.',;:;
¡;
, ~
", .)
, '"
---
46
Every green product has a benefit for your customers, and selling what you build is an
important aspect of building green. The combination of green products and practices
you choose creates a "story" of how your homes protect the environment reduce air
pollution, conserve natural resources and save money.
To be a successful green builder, train your sales
staff to tell the stories behind the products. Even
If the story isjust a list of benefits, you leave a
lasting impression on your buyers.
Market Differentiation
While green features don't always sell the home
at first blush, they make buyers think and will
often bring them back. Emphasize that green
doesn't necessarily cost more and can often save
money in the long run, Buyers are becoming very
sophisticated as publications like Better Homes
and Gardens, Redbook, Family Circle, Sunset,
and home improvement magazines feature more
green building stories and products.
Marketing green provides unique opportunities.
By distinguishing your company from other bullderô,
you can step into a new arena of recognition. By
thinking outside of the traditional marketing box
you can engage the public, Even in a seller's market
where homes are soid before they are finished,
building green creates a lasting image for the
company, Your homes draw public curiosity and
interest. and your story is attractive to the news
and trade media. People start to identify you as
the builder who cares, which engenders loyaity
a nd creates referra Is,
Educate Your Sales Slaff
Sales are everything, It doesn't matter how well
built or how green the house is If your sales staff
doesn't communicate the value of building green
to your customers, Your sales staff are your
greatest advocates - take the time to train them
about green features and benefits, If they feel
confident. and understand that building green
adds value to their customers, they will have the
tools to close a sale that might otherwise get away.
Convey the Benefits
It is important to complement green option
packages with a marketing program that clearly
identifies the benefits, Concepts such as energy
efficiency, indoor air quality, and resource
conservation, while easy to describe, do not
necessarily address homeowner concerns, One way
to address this is to sort the features in terms that
are important to the buyer. Use the Green Buliding
l3eneflts as a tool to assist you in creating
marketing materials that address green building
features. Each green feature is discussed in detail
in Chapter 4. Use these benefits to assemble the
story of how your homes are different from those
built by the competition,
~
~
~
~
~
~
;
E
'"
'"
~
ç
~
z
"
"
~
~
~
m
~
CJ
"
z
m
~
~
~?
¡;;
fJ
1;;
,.,
"
,=
"
~
õ
z
)::\'j,';""O
-
:i'!::-!3;
The following is a list of green building features
that help convey the benefits of building green:
Higher Quality, Environmentally Sound Products:
;
o
"'
"
!:!
~
¡¡
"
d
~
Most green building products and materials were
developed to do something better than their con·
ventional counterpart These pmducts usually perform
better and are manufactured in an environmentally
sound manner, thus protecting and restoring our
natural resources, Consider offering the following;
Recycled content decking and siding
FSC Certified wood framing
Engineered lumber
Wood I :joists
Finger:jointed studs
I nterior steel studs
Solvent -free adhesives
Natural linoleum flooring
Recycled content ceramic ti Ie
More Durable/lower Maintenance Products:
¡¡
is
~
~
z
8
0,
.,
ð
~
~
~
~
0'
"'
w
"
S
~
"
"
z
g
::,
w
~
w
w
~
"
Next to quality, durability and reduced maintenance
are very important. There Is never enough time to
do what needs to be done and home maintenance
is never high on the list of how to spend time
away from work, Consider offering the following:
Fiber-cement Siding
Recycled content decking and siding
Natural linoleum flooring
Recycled content ceramic tile
Resource-efficient landscapes and gardens
2000
Þo New Home$ Meet COnsumers' Interest
in 'Sustaining tho Envirol'lt'l'lenl.?
2001
Products and Practices that Provide Greater Comfort
and lower Utility Bills:
Comfort is what drives high energy use, When it gets
hot. we turn on the air conditioning. By increasing the
Insulation and providing for natural cooling, the elee-
triell)' demand can be reduced with no compromise in
occupant comfort. Consider offering the following;
Foundation/slab insulation
Increased wall and ceiling insulation
Spray cellulose in walls and ceilings
Advanced infiltration reduction
Low-e windows
Hydronic heating
All ducts located in conditioned spaces
Ceiling fans
Whole house fans
Passive solar heating
Natural cooling
ENERGY STAR" appliances
Attic ventilation systems
Healthier Products and Practices For Families
What Is more important than the health of our
children? The public health community has
Identified homes as one of the most significant
threats to children's health, It is only common sense
to reduce the use of products that are known to have
health impacts. Consider offering the following:
No-VaC paints
Natural linoleum in place of vinyl flooring
Elimination of particleboard and
medium density fiberboard (MDF)
Solvent-free adhesives
Water-borne wood finishes
Clean ducts before occupancy
Exhaust fan in attached garages
Range hood vented to outs i de
Whole house water fi Iter
HEPA filter on furnace
Heat Recovery Ventilator (HRV)
Sealing of particleboard and MDF
Chlorine filter on showerhead
; :,:;,¡;. ,:;: ::, :;!.;:. ,::::' :!:,:;:: ,:::!,!:'~,:!I::':::,:,>:I':I;::;:~ ::: 1: I,,:;¡::::::: P(:~~":,,:I:;::: :',:: ,,::: ,:i:: :: : ~:: i; , ,:::'.
.' ·.,'·;~öiii2èì:he,iORiê,.(¡~I¡¡rièéi.j'bi:ij;ld¡hS'was..·'· ,.."
lii~I!~~~~~~~"'¡1
.'..:.imdica~ecl thatt~:~Y.~ou¡8'd~finitelY"
:;,:::: ':: :::::,::::':::' ':: : ' i" ';: ,:: ;: ~: :: ::! :: :':-'::.::: ' :: :: :: ,;:' ': : :: ,:: ::, :',' ': ':, ::: I :~ :;':::::!: ¡ ,:::,:' ,:; ',:,,::;: ':; ::: ' ,:' :" i';:', ~! ,
,:IOOkf()r'gr~ê9:Pfqd~ct~powth~t"I' ,
,t:Jj:~Y:.~D~W',¡t~é~·a 'PQS5iibil itX'''( ,."..'."".,.,.,
, : ':' ~' ':","'! ,', ~: ",,,: :' " " ,'" ! " ',' ": ,,,,,,",'.' """ ,",,' " ",. " "", ' "''', " ", ", ", ,.-
()t I"ÇB': -:ff!fi.tfj'.Gf(lÚp';'<f.~f)iJ1fI';~~, :~I~~~!S~!Jnw ;~'¡¡:;~i~~¡j~g~lItl¡tt'l~:,:I,'::
. :~~iïid¡ti. :kQojz :{' i' ';'-:'::'1: : ::::::,',::'::, :::'::::',: :;'::
'i;, ":'\(,::;, ""',."":i::¡¡¡:':
Chapter Six: Summary of Green Building Benefits
Commu"ity De.ig" Issue.
ß¡U¡FlTS
1. OrIent l"¡O¡\1CS ún ElW kli3 for Solar A¡;cp.ss
Z. Orient livll1º Rooms and PDrches to StrP.et<; and PulJllç $paçp'f;
;~. ~\¡1I{1 Mi~('\( USe. Residential/Commercial
4. D~slgn fflr ()IVefs~ ramHy Ty :x:):>
5. Provide ¥GrBnny FlaW' 'Abt:wii~ Gar~9(¡-':¡
6. Build within l Mile of Public lranslt 1"lll!:!
7. Minimize $trt"!(?,t Widths.
B. Locate Buildings 1.0 ÞreSe1ve úpøn sþaci:I aM Wlldllre H<ablt~l
Reduc;e!:i tJ1~ np.:ed for enE'J"gy fInd lowers utility bill:>:
F()Mer~; cOmm\~r)ll)' ¡\lh~g
Çn~ß.t€'f, walkßbh! cor"t")~uo!tl<:$, rMllc~'smog ar~(j automobile use.
Opens housing market to wider rang~! cf.l:>u)'f!r.5.
Cr-eat8s I1KJrB affordable housing.
Reduces dependence on automobiles amI r¡:!dLlc~ $11109.
Slowstrnffic.
Preserves habitats, wetlands,
A, Site
1. Recyclf~ .,IQI) Site Construction and DúmoJitiöli WLlstØ
Reduces pres!>ure on landflll:=:, ~:¡ ve5 money by reducing lanclfl1l tcc-s,
and provides raw rnßt.erl~lf; tÖr futlJrf! building products.,
ReduGE!s IEmdtil1 deposits, helps local charitable Drganb:at1onf;, Donations
lnay l.Jú ¡JX (kn..lur.::tiiJIÐ.
Rüd\Jcú~ swrm runúff, I'értilizol' LInd pesticide rl:..'quireml'!nt~, Improv~,
watot' quality and ¡;( n~8r'VI:!~ irligatiön Wi:ltB "'.
Helps prevp.nt !>oiJ em~lfln, malnraJf1s ff.t( ~;Wig sOLlrc~):; or n,}lUr;¡1 cooling.
di'Ært.<; Wf!.ste fmm I mdfllls, l;\f1d acX15 fI ~)n¡~e (,)WfoctÜr'1O tt'la torrmUnl{,y,
Minillli¡:l'!f¡ emsinn ~n(l watt'!· pollutlOf1j 8,...('1 protecb U18 ßéI,y.
R~\JÇ(!!i the voh.Jfm~ of pollllœo W,Jt(:r nowing iriM river~ or HI!! B!JY.
¡"Ielp~, (;ú!isetw Wélt\¡t, ffiduce~ u~e of chemic£lls. gnd Crp.Bt:~¡
rlcalthicrsofl and pléltltS.
çon~l;!r\'(~,; rlatural f'C;;(1ljr(;ü'> arid ~lr(lr1gthi:1r'~ rr1<lrkots for
recycled ITtßterl;¡¡.Is..
Reduces IgndscapE! wBl:f!r us£! and Inwet;. watf-f çm:t:.:;,
~Üd,uÚ!:l:.; tho need to use treated, potElble water for lawn:;; :'00 garden$,
2. Donate Unl.ls~d MAt~rI~lf,
3, Prol\: ct Native Soil
.4. MJnll1)IZ() Dlsruptlön or E)(i~tirig Plants élnd Trees
5. ImplE:!rnent (;onsHUC1iOr¡ SI18 Storrnwtltel' PractiCE's
$. PrQœGt Waœr OUiillity with Ulnd:;¡;ape Design Fef¡tures
7. bC~lgri Resource-Efficient L8nd~~~ and G1:Irden~
1:). R~l~Sù Ma(¡' riéll~ Or' Use Recycled Content IlAaterlals for
Land,s,çapc All)\!:':
9. Install Hlgt\ EfflGIL;!!1(;y Drip ni~allor~ Sy.;l(¡lIj~
10. Provide for On-Site W:=:\('er Catchment/Retention
B. FoUlJdatiU"
1. lrx:nrr01ate F;:ocyclect FI'ya~tJ It1 C¡¡r1creæ
!nc:œR!;p,S tM ~trf:!ngth 'me! durability or me COrlCtQto clnd reduŒs
thp, amount of cement needed
2, Reu:)~ Form Boards
5a~ money and (:oriSlJrves r'e--.>Ourœs as solid sawn lumber j~
I)Ccoming inCI'ti:t:>lngly úxµensivo and scarce.
~.a\lC:) monc!y, n~Ulrí:ll n::t:i<Jult.::e" ilnd errergy.
Reduc~ ~n~y lœ~. and Ulllity bill:; by millimilirig hE:lélt Ios::..
RoduC"es. wood use, and despite higher.inltial Cf>5t, will pay for
lhi:/lT1~elve::¡ C uickly.
ICP; ðNI hut ~lJ~8Ct to rut and results in a hettEl" im.L latM (O¡¡¡"(J3t10fl.
~~, U~.(! r;:ecyelod Content Aggrr-gat8
.1. InslJlRte fO(J!1(J~tionJSlab B~rolu Backfill
5, lI~ø Aluminum Forms
6. II~Sli:ltl Rigid Foam, Insulated CQncret~ Fr¡fm~ (tCrr.}
c. St,uctural Frame
1. SlllJ~' jtlJte Solid Sawn tumhp.f wl~ll Engineered Lumber
2 Use FSC Certified Wooçl f(}l'" Framing
3. Use Wood I-Joists for Floðrs and e~llIng~
r~Bdu=e:; Œ~m<lnd for vir~n ¡urnhe/", i~. strOI"lgt:!!", ~tralghter, and more (1uriJl¡¡û.
GUi!lranteE's long·term availability of pre.çlous wooo::"
U~frs 5cr:X. less wood fiber, will not twIst, w::¡rp Qr !::pl { ~t/(Jngúr ~\l1d
light8r thùl1 2:o:10s or ,2K12s and can sp.':In 'JreRter dlstanc(j~.
Ellmin~m wa~l~. RoduCB the pressure on old ~rowtl1 fQre~ts.
AIIO'AIS I'OI"f'lJlJ In~¡ ilU()n around U..~ hou::æ, stlvir..¡¡ m!!rgyand mQn~
R:l:!{1lJ .X~S ttli:! m~(.'( !'or targl) dl~lJletBr IJld-grQwth trE'f"!!;. Is as strong as
traditional Pl)woùd ~~~~"IT1.i.ltErial Lind is lass expensive,
4, Use SLoollnterior Web "Trusses
5. [)(!slgll Enùfgy Hool~ on TrU~~BS G" or More
ß. Use 058 for Subfloùr' ilnd Sheathing
'"
i
~
~
~
~
~
¡¡
~
~
~
¡¡
.-
"
iiì
m
z
~
5
::;:
"
"
ç
"
~
iiì
'"
~
z
m
~
z
o
~
~
~
~
~
n
..,
~
--
j';1
SUnlmaly of GrE~en Bui IcHng Benefits
(c. Struotural Frame, oontinued)
DfNSI"ITS
7. ~J~ Finger-Jointed Studs
ll~ rn:r:yded æntent matP.rials, is straight,EII" and ~trDnger than 1iÖlld StIWtl
stud:=¡, and eJiminates crooked walls, thsrE!b.Y reducing materiül W<l~t\: ,
Enginp.p.:md studs are straighter, ¡¡nd will not deform, twi~l, split or warp.
Thf;!}' SflVP. wood by using sma!! laminated piBCBS.
Steel rf~duce!; the nei,!d fnr wood and provides strung interior w<I!ls.
Roo[J(:ü:; Infïltratlon re.latlve to frame COIls.tnJct!oll. 15 I:!nergy-effident,
provides e.~ccllcnt SOUllclprooflng, Is erected quIckly. and !'..';IVt:!i waod
by eliminating mllch of me conllentlonal framing lumber,
Makt~5 the hon1e In()r~~ f!rwrgy efficient, saves wood and construction
costs. It 81$(1 all~ for a hlgh~r f)';!rcent.¡¡gl;!' of the-wall to be insu]¡¡ted
rMuclng tfJ:.me Ç(Jnrluctlal1 hf!st 10..<;'<;.
RIX I.Jçe.~ ff:!f.Qurc:e çfm.~umptiQn and landfill deposits. .and is often
of' l1igher qUAlity than m~w, umber.
B. U!iP. Engineered Studs for Vertical Applications
.9, L.Js~ Rp.c:yded·Çontent $~~I Studs for Irrt~riQr Framing
1(), Use Strl,Jçturalln!;IJIRtf!;d Pane-Is (SIP$) for WallslRQof
I'!
~
~
~
z
'3
~
~
z
~
~
~
i
~
~
11" Apply Mvanœd f¡(l111lng ì'eí-hnlqUi~5
12, u~~ Rí~çli;lim¡:!(Ill.JlYlbtr
D. Exterior Finish
,USE!, Sustainable Decking Materials
C{Jnlj¡li~ r0cyc-Icd (;Orl~t "lt matcrl31sr 1$ more dlm'lblE;! and ~çllJÇ:E;!S
d\)m¡jnd t'o( old-grOWth t.lrnMr'S.
Radu[;(¡:.; a¡(pù~uIØ to chfomlum aM al"~ønlc, which, are namlfl¡l,
pMic;ul¡¡rly to Ghildr'Ðr1 wtlù play Oli slructLlI"(~5 built wltn treated wood.
Divart~ W<ltí:!r' away frtJm ùþ!:!nirig''':' ~(J protects me Mmc twm mold,
l<Jst longer, is fire-resistant, arid rlidllCli~ tTli:l¡r!t~tl;:m(;~ costs.
2. Use TraatE!d Wood that Does Not Cont-Jin Chromium Dr Arsenic
3. !n!it.::J11 House Wrijp under Siding
4. USf! Alternative Siding Materials
E. Plumbing
Ô
E
~
~
~
~
8
"'
.,
¡')
~
?:
~
~
c.
,.
",
~
w
o
::;
~
o
"
g
~
z
w
w
~
~
1. Insulate Hot and Cold Water Pipes
2. Install Flow Reducef"'~ in Faucet::; i:md Showerhe::¡ds
SIM!S energy rind water, and rødllce~ wawt Mating C08l'3.,
SOlves water and is a low cas.t optiOTi.
3. Install Ultra-tow-Flush Toilets
4. Install Chlorine Filter on Showemead
Saves water.
Reduces chlorine absorbed by skin.
Saves energy. is often quicker and fllO("! ¡-e¡iabl8-.
Cut,s down Oil the use of f10t8ble wOlter far outside irri!= at.ior1
and lawn w:=Jt.f!ring.
Reduces mntamin¡:¡nts in water.
5. Instilll Tankless Water Heaters
6. Pre-Plumh for Gray.vater Conversion
7. Instllll Water Filtration Unit<;at Faucets
8. Install ?n~D~mÐnd HDt Water Cirr;ulationt~mp
D;-;1!V?r ~! ~EJter qui~~,~r to"flxtu~e~, s?vin~, wùtar ùnd ÐmJr~.y.
f. Ele<:lri<:al
1. Imt, Compact rll.l(Jf'tS(~i;m L.Igl)t (,tilt).:, (CrL$)
2, In[,t~\lllnSulatiOri·CompéltIDI(:- ~c(:~'$cd Ligt'ltlng r:lxtums toe C!='U
3. I n~MIII Llgntitlg Cúnlf'úls
4, Irl$l~11 Hiqh·EITici8r'1(;j C~,:ilinQ Fan:; wittl CFUì
l..O\'f('.r~,: en~/'gy l)Hlf) ,1M reduœ~, need for enE;!rgy prQ(:h,Jçtian.
Rüdt.lc()~ the amount of flûat lŒi~/ºaln,
R(,~dl (:ú~; rIÜe(! ('Of' (:œrgy and to'W(~1'5 energy bUI~;,
Rúdu(;~)t, LM ¡'H)(I(J (or air {;onditìontng_
G. Applianoes
,. Offer ENERGY STAR" Dishwasher
Reduces water ¡¡nd ÐnErgy U:!i\Ò/, ¡md löw~n;;'utility bills.
Usas less water and I!mJrgy than cunventiunal wp 10001l1g w<:\~tjer;>, .
RGdut~s energy ðr~( Gém !;~vù OVCf.'1O% on utillly'bllL
Mi.*~::; Jt rJLI~Y ~rid (;on\tor\lcnt to mcycIC.
2. Offer HDrizontal Axis Wi:lshing Machine
J. Offer Enm'gy-EtTiçi¡:mt Rl:.1friger<jtù(
4. IrY.<wlI Built-In R¡¡qtlillg Gcntur
H. Insulation
1, UPQI'MO Wall ¡md Cailing Insulation trJ Ex¡:eed ìitte.24 RequlretT~nt~
2. Ins.tall Recy¡:;IBd Content, Formßldehyde-Frl'!f! Fibf!rglass Insulation
3. Use Adv~m:;ed Infiltllrtian Reduction Praçtl(":.~:;
4, U&(J C",flulöse Insulation
I. Windows
1. Itl~tLiU ErI~,~~tEfficiellt Window!>
J. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
Use Duct MAstlç Qn;flll ùuct Jolms
2. In:>rall DucT.'t'VCIrk within Conditlon¡;!d $p;f!(":.t:!'
3, VÜI'\\ Range Hood to the ûut.,::;lçlf!
4. Clem! all Ducts Before Oçl;:~jfJ3ncy
5. In!il<lll Attic Ventilation Sy;-..1ems
6. Install Whole House Fan
7. Install Sealed COml)I~M!on r:urnac:es and Hot WaWr H8<.IH.>r':>
B, ltisliJ!l13 SEER and 11 ffRor 1-lIgl"ltr ÞJrCûndltioningwilha
Therrru:JstBtic b:p¡'I~lon Valve
9. T1~,tc1fl Air Conditioning with NONJHCFC R€!rrtgeram&
10. In!i.tall 90% Anr~ui:J1 Fuel Utiliz!Jtion Efficiency OT GmBt(¡!r F\!I~n,fl(':.e
11. Eliminate Wood BUf'niny Firupl¡¡C8S
12 Install Zoned, I-Iyaronlc, Radiant H~¡¡jling
1~. Ins.t.fIlI High Errici~rK.:Y P~l'ticuhH8 Air (HEPA} Filter
14. Instal,1 H~at RucaVOI)' V~mi¡¡Jtion Unit (HRV)
15. Irr.stiLfI Separate Gara~~, Fxhill'¡~~,F,,:m
K. Renawable Energy and Roofing
1. Pre-Plumb for Solar WaWr - ~")ting
2. Install SoJar Water $~wm
3. ~-Wlæ for Futun;!. PMt()\Iolt/!le In::;LaUation
4. Instl;lll PI1Otovoltalt (PV) Pansls
5, Irls'l.<I!I Solar (PV) W~lkway I ¡gilts
6, $(!Iøc[ SiJfe iJnd Durablp. Roofing M~tf.!rlals.
7, Ins.ti'lll R11diant BÐfTier Roof ShP'(ltl1lng
EENEHrs
Lowers utility bll!::;. ih1pr(NeS comfort, decrease!i heating ßnd (':.001in9
nef:ds and tnak{::.. hOtne quieter.
ReduCû:, Indoo~ air qUi!lrity problBms dup. to formaldf'hydr,- binct~5. an(j
C<'lr~ tot\tí:lln' up to 30% recycled glass.
RMuc8:; draft:>, arid mukes home mere energy-efficient.
Il1croas~~ eli~,,ºy-rt:ffiGiency, LlseS recydable materißI!;i, and con\"iiln~
no fOi'maldchycW.
¡tIGr~::;1:!5 ~me~9,y~ffi~!;ncY',and, provide!> weat~r cornto¡t.
Improves indoor air qURllty. ¡mel keeps the homes more corïrforl.<Jbltl.
RWUG1:J~ 9n~rgy les:::. and improves occupant comfort,
IHlpruve::> indoor air qUf:!lity.
Rédu¡;és. dust around t.he hOlJse .;¡fter ðçr;upançy
Increases comfort I;I:no reduçl;!!i\ air çondltiOl1lng l~~C.
Rfldu¡;es electricity USf3gE;!, and ml;'Nl:!f> hug!:! vc¡lum(:[~ or ,¡it to < (';hi~V\!
GUnifurt <It higher temperature!> without air cOMIHonlng.
Improves il1door air q¡¡.qlrt:y, r/;!(Iuc~ tM danger ot c;jrbCI~1 rl1l.111f.)Jr;ide
centamination.
Saves meney Bnd ell~rgy. ¡md reduœ5 )eflk load prOblems.
Elimin<lteo depletion of thl;! 07(Jnl;! IRye!".
R~)(hR~C-S ilk ernis$.ion:', oo:>t~ less to optJl"aœ, ¡¡nd saves natural ~!!;{)Wœ!¡.
Reduces pOllutant p<:irti(;u!¡)W IT1i:!ttBI'.
Saves ener{1Y hy only l1eat.ing the zono mat ¡"oquiros heat.
Makes living spacø l'Ii:lí:llttlil3r'. ilnd reduceS IT1icropBrticulal~~ fmm tn¡" air,
ImprQ'I(:!.f;.In<Joor all' quall['y ~r1d mduG9~ !:!na¡~.'f
Crsùtas he¡:¡lthier indoor envlronmp.n1:!).
$BV/;!'S money s!"\Ollla a ~IÍj ' s.y.;.[Ølr~ 00 in$t< lIed ill the fut.ure.
Re<1uc~ 'I:t(~ Ijf'¡:~ ot' g;)~ or e~"1.r cily, ¡'Jr1d pay b.1Ck in as little 1I:='!jP.lffi ~1;Ir.=,
AII(M'~, InMallatlon of PV sþtGm in the future
OIi!(:r(~;:I~(~~ rellanr;e on (~(JnV\:1nl.ion¡¡1 power plants.
R8'duŒ~ the n£!ed for nrl('!..prov1eJed electriCity:
Rl:!duc;~s IÐ!ldf'i II depDsits anG !i$'€'S Illoney (In replil¡;:ømunt costs.
, Keep~ the whole home cooler by f"f:!du~lng, ~efft btmd-u :J, i~,!!tti~ S~¡¡ce!'i.
~
~
Q
~
m
z
~
"
6
¡;¡
~
g
"
~
~
~
.1'1
Z
m
ç
º
t;
"
~
rJ
m
"
m
~
"
o
~
Iii
"
"
"
m
ª
'"
~
~
.('~ ",¡;
~.__.-
¡,.:'
SUITHTlary of Green Building t:SEH"'¡efits
t. Natural Heating .n~ Cooling
1, Inc.oq)l.}fate Þe~~;iVf~ Solar He~tlng
Z. In!:i:œll Overhang3 or AwnIngs Oller South Facing W1ndI)WS
:3. Plant Deciduous Sh<lde Trees or'! the WaSt and South S¡d8~
Dt the Home
~
~
~
w
"
!i'
;0
~
¡¡¡
Oi
i\í
~
o
~
"
"
~
M, Indoor Air Ouallty .n~ Finishes
1. In~liJl! Whol~ HOll~l< Vatuul"n sye;tem
2, Uso Low/No-VOC and Forma!Ch':IWae-rrcc Paint
;:I, Use lQwvOC, W8ter·8asl'!d Wood Finif,I1~'5
4, U!je Solvent-free Adhesives
5. Sub!>tituL'Ð PiJrtlCleboard witt) Forn-~¡)ldl3tWcta-Fraú M;:¡terials.
6. Use E.xterior Grdd~ Plywood fur Interior Uses
7. Use Farmaldel1vd!!·Free MDF and Materials
B. $~al fill fxpo::;~d Pßrtiç!ebof,lrd or MDF
9', Use FSC CertIfier! Mòœrla1
1(). U!;E! Hllgp.r..,Jointf.f.l or Rf!r:yclP.d Contp.nt Tml1
ç~
"
c'
~
h
'"
8
w
1>
~
"
w
"
~
"'
v,
~
"'
º
~
"
"
~
B
¡;::
"
.'
"
N. Flooring
1. Select FSC Cöl'tifiE:!d WmX! FIOO!'Ir'lg
2 U$C R<lpiWy Rc:newablG Flooring Matcrlal$
3, Us.ú RCCjC¡ccJ ConLent Ceramic TUes
4, Install Natural L,lnolcl.llr1 In Place- of Vinyl Flooring
5. U~ 1:):pos~J (:QIlCf€œ a~ FlI1I:;h!;!d F!QQr
Õ. !ns.t811 ReCYCled (;ontent (:arpp.t and Und~rl,f\yrn!;!nt
¡¡Et/Ems
Redur:e!> hea1;in9 requirement,> by 30-50%, SilVes energy ðrld liiùn~y,
R~d!Jr;e: hl;!at gain, mß {ing the home mora comflJrtübls
1113UmfllE'J,
RMLlGe ~LlmrrH. I' al(-CüudltloÍllng cos.ts.whlle provl(jing n~ merous
benefits. to thÐ or'lvil'Onrl1Bnt
txpch ( l,jst outside the hl)u'Se. IfTlprovlnglndocr air quality.
IrnprQvE!S in{100r air qullll!:)', mdl,JCe~ smog, and is healthier for
inslßIIf!~and Qccupants.
R~!duces !;mag and is healttJiedof installer!:; Dnd (JGGLJ~m~,
Improves indoor ~ir qu.<llity, and .are healthier for occupan\.s <¡rid instiJllers.,
f;:cduces. tormaldelwdc cxp05urc to OCC\Jpant~.
Reduces fOrm¡¡hjehydl::l axp(Jsurc to occupants.,
Irnprovus indOOT t:lir qUillity.
Reduces expo::.lJl'e of hmmfLJI emissions to DCGlIpant1;,
Assu~~. thE! lang-term availability tlf prm;ilJ\.1!:i wood~ while
pratm:ting ancient, old-growth forest:;,
Uses material more effectively, silves r'nUtleY ¡:ltld tr::I~urco~, and
is str<lightel' and more s\.lIÞle than conventional clear WQod,
Äf;slIres the long"term ava'lflhlllTY of woods while protecting ancient,
old-growth 1Qr~m:
R€!duçe!) demand for old-growth hardwood.
U!)E!,; r€!çy~lerJ çont.p.nt materials and i!> easy.to maintain.
R~tJçe!:> eXf)(mJre to toxlll~" is duri.lble, élnd healthier for oc;CLlI}/:H1t~
nd installers.
Eliminates the nf.!Bd for addition¡¡1 flooring nmw/'ial:::;,
is e!lsy to maintBin~ and vary dur¡:¡ble.
~~VE;!S ~SOl,m";e.$, diverts waste from landfill:>, is rnoft.1I'~$II¡ønt
and çolorf¡!~t than Cf.lrpet mElde from vi~in fib~rs.
---------------------------
CONTENTS
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ACWMA MUL.TIFAMIL.Y GREEN PUIL.DING GUIDELINES April ;!()()4
-----------------
+----------------------
PREFACE .,...,.,...,.,.,...,.".,."...,.,.,..,.. IV
INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . .
, . . , , , . , . , , , . . . . , . , . , , . , . , 1
PLA"NNING & DESIGN
Introduction ,.,....., .,. . . . . . , . , . , . . Section I, Page I
Planning & Design Measure 01 - Measure 15 , . . . . , . , . . , 5,- 40
SITEWORK
Introduction ,.,...."..,'..' ,.,...." Section 2, Page I
Sitework Measure 01 - Measure 04 , , . , . , . . . , . , . . . . . . 5 II
STRUCTURE
Introduction ,.,.....,.,.,...,.",..", Section 3, Page 1
Structure Measure 01 - Measure 13 ,."......,.,..., 5 - 31
SYSTEMS
Introduction ....,.,.,.' . . . . , . , . , , , Section 4, Page 1
Systems Measure 01 - Measure 19 . , . , . . . . , . , . . , 5 - 43
FINISHES & FURNISHINGS
Introduction ,...""...,.,.,.....,.,.. Section 5, Page I
Finishes & Furnishings Measure 01 - Meac,ure 10 . . . . , . . , 7 - 25
OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE
Introduction , , , . . . , . , . , . . Section 6. Page I
Operations & Maintenance Measure 0 I - Measure 02 ., , . . . 5 - 8
CASE STUDIES ...'
..............,. ,
, . , . . . , , Section 7
RESOUHCES
................... ..
. , , Section 8
- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,.
-------------
CONTENTS
n
o
Z
---1
rrl
Z
---1
UJ
---~--~~~------------------------------------------------------------
ALAMEDA COUNTY WASTE
MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
& SOURCE REDUCTION
AND RECYCLING BOARD
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
DISCLAIMER
" The Alameda County Waste Management Authority (ACWMA) is a public
joint·powers agency comprised of the County of Alameda, each of th€
fourteen cities within the county, and two sanitary districts that also provide
refuse collection services. ACWMAis governed by a Board of Directors
made up of elected officials, primarily mayors and city council members,
appointed by each member agency. Funding is derived solely from waste
di$posõl and waste import mitigation fee, collected at theAltamont, Tri·Cities
and Vasco Road landfill sites. The agency receives no general tax funds.
Together with it5 speci¡¡:¡lized arm ,,·the Alameda County Source Reduction
and Recycling Board-ACWMA offers a wide range of programs in the areas
of public education, green' building, recycled product procurement, waste
reduction, market develo'pment an9. technical assistance.
Special thanks to the following building industry professionals for their
comrr1itmentj input and direction' in developing these Guidelines.
DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE
Carolyn Bookhart and Marie Lee, Allied Housing. Helen Degenhardt and
SusanVutz, JSWIDegenhardt Architecture. Car,1 Gardeman and Michael
Noon,-Aiameda CQunty HOlJsing and CommlJnity Development . .Kevin
Griffin, Bridge !-lousing '. Larry Mayers, Michael Willis Architects. Lee
Novak, AFEvans DevelQpment '. Fred Pollack, Vall Meter William< Pollaok
ArchitectlJ'" _ ,Robert Rich, S,m Françi5co Office of Housing. Michael
Rogers, Resources for Community Development _ Eric Saijo, Okamoto Saijo
, Architecture. Doug Shoemaker, Non-Profit /-lousing Association
ADDITIONAL REVIEWERS & CONTRIBUTORS
DavidChoy .'. Sean Heronj Easl Bay Housing Orga.niziltiot/5 _ Marty Keller,
Jeff Oberdorfer, and Betsy Powell, First Community /-lousing. Donnis .Kim
and Kirk. Wallis, Segue Construction. Marc Richmond, Austin Energy .
TaylorRobinsan and Ross Schaefer, Cahill ~nstruction . Andrea Traber,
Andreâ Traber Architecture. Cal,iforriia Integrated Waste Management
Board ,taff and Sustainable Building Technical Group members
PILOT PROJECTS AND PROJECT DEVELOPMENT TËAMS
Carmen Avenue: Milly Siebel, City oiLivermore . Marie Lee and Carolyn
Bookhart, Allied Housing. Steven Kodartlõ and Lulit Taka, Kodama Di,<ono
Bayport Ap.artments: Debbie Potter, City of Alameda. Michael Rogers and
Brian Saliman, Resources for Community Development. Helen Degenhardt
and Susan Vutz, JSWIDegenlJardt Architects
Dublin Senior Affordable Housing: Julia Abdala, City of Dublin _ Linda
Mandolini ;:¡,nd Marian Gushiken, Eden Housing '. Chris Lamen, Chris
Lamt;n and A55CJciates
Special thanks to Global Green for allowing t~e reprinting of their ca,e studies.
The information in these Guidelines should be considered by contractors,
architects and other profe5$ional~, <3S well ;;IS owners, ìn the course of
designing and constructing new or modified structures, They are provided as
a public service by the Alameda County Waste Management AuUlority and
Recycling Board in an attempt to provide environmental benefits and reduce
costs. The Guidelines are not a substitute for exercise of sound judgment
in particular circumstar1ces and are not intended as reçommendations for
pa~icular prcduct5 or proçesses,
-------------~----------------~--
I,
PREFACE:
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,. ~ - - ~ -- -
ACWMA MULTI'FAMILY GREEN BUU..DING I;>UIDE:....INE$ April ;?(J{]4
----------------------------------------------\-'-------~-------------
,
PROJECT TEAM
DESIGN & PRODUCTION
ABOUT THE GUIDELINES
The Alameda County Waste, Management Authority
& Source Reduction and Recyciing,Board
777 DavisStreet, Suite lOD
San Leandro, CA.94577
510.614.1699
www.multifami Iygr.en. org
Contact ,Karen Kho and Ann 'Ludwig
KEMA·Xenergy
429 Ninth Street, SUite 220
Oakland, CA 94607
510.891.0446
www..kemagreen.:com
Contact: Geof Syphers and Wes Sullens
,.
Whal'sWorking
57 Acorn Lane
80ulder, CO 80304
313.444.7044
ConlactDavid Johnston
www.whatsworking.com
Jennifer Roberts" Freelance writer & editor
San Francisco, CA
www.jennife..oberts.com
415.695.1721
,
Celery DesignCollaboralive,. Design&, i II ustration
www.celerydesign.com
The cover of"these Guidelines is printed on 100% recycled chipboard. The
binding U$e$,COppe,·coated jOO%recycled steel wire. The divider pages are
printed on Fraser Genesis, 100% postconsume, recycled paper. The divider
tabs are specially designed to eliminate die-cutting waste. Themeasures
andcase studies are printed onN~enàh Environment PC 100 White, 100%
pp.tcon.UrT>er recycled pape',
For mar. information,on these and other environmentally smart paper<, see
Celery's Ecological Guide to Paper, ahvww.celerydesign.com/paper:
These, Guidelines are designed lor th~ multifamily residential building
industry, They offer:
D CD~t~effecti\le'5uggestions to minimize 'construction-related 'waste, 'creQte
h~althi.r and more durable residences, ,educe operating costs for Qwn~rs
and support local' manufacturers and suppliers of re.5ource-effiden't ,.'
building materials,
> Methods to reduce the impacts of building in Alameda County
communities(,includíng ínfill development, ,energy efficiency, indoor
aìF11uality, sqlid waste management, water conservation and ,resource
conse'rvation'.
The practices contained in thes~ Guidelineswere selected'fo' thei, viability
in tod.y'$ market and their ability to promote sustainable, building. For-
profit developer< using these Guidelines can ,differentiate themselves in the
marketplace while protecting our envirùrlment Affordable housing provider<
can ,lower their operating costs while improving Ihè qual,ity of life for resident~.
----".__.P---~--,._~~---------------------------------'___,~~-~-_--------
PREFACE
¡\CWMA MULTIFA.MILY G.RI:.Ef'II BUILDING GUlbElINES April 2C04
,
.
---,~-'------------------'--- -----------------------------------..------
AGENCY INVOLVEMENT
.,
Trash 2.0 ton.
Gypsum 1. Tlons
Metal 0,33 tons
Corlerete* 1.2 tons
Cardboard 0,78 tons
In November 2002, ACWMA asked Alameda County and cities,in Alameda
County to nominate projed. in their communities to takepårtin ,ådesign
assistance program for affordable multifamily hOIJ.ing project,. Three
pilot.projects Were chosen to réceive technicala5Si.tance in exchange
fer participating in the development of these Multifamily Green Building
Guidelines. A development committee of multifamily developel'S and
architect~helped define the audience and purpose of the guidelines and,
along with other reviewers, provided feedback on thetechnicalcontent
"
Construction and demoiition debris comprise up to..21%of tho materials
disposed in Alameda CQunty landfills, The Alameda County Waste
Management Authority and Recycling Board is working ir; partr1ership
with the construction änd building industry on way. to reduce thi5 w..t~
.tream. Through job site recycling, efficient use at materials, use of recycled
content or,highly durabie building mäterials. the Multifamily Green Building,
Guidelines provide an effective ton I to decrease the amount o'fmaterial that
ends up in land!,ills.
CONSTRUCTI!>N WASTE GENERATED ,FROM A 2,000 SQUARE
FOOT NEW HOME
Th~ch"rt below illustrates the composition and quantity o¡waste generated
during the construction of a typical single-family home. Muitifan'1ilybuilding
projects differ in size, materials, andc<mstrucjien methods, but they have
comparable impacts on, the waste stream.
Wood 6,9 ton,
TOTAL 12.91 ton.
Source: Alame.da CDunty Waste Ma{jagerll8flt AuUwrily CiJSC SliJdy 1)( ciw/io¡) Nomes (1999),
"Concrete fif.{lfe'¡nclurlf:'~~ Wß.~te gener~ted by sidewalk pDur.
,;
PREFACE
----------------------------~----------"
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES April 2004
----------------------
- - - - - - - - - - - - - .. - - - -
~----------------------------
. - - - - - - - -
MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDINGS: THE BIG PICTURE
Does gn~en really matter?
Creating green multifamily housing i5n't about i:lltruisr'n. It isn't about doing
good or feeling groovy. And it isn't about adding a few bells and whistles to
. proposal so that it will pass muster with funders, community leaders Dr
buildin~ officials.
Green building is about improving our design and con5tructiorl practices so that
the multifamily homes we build today will last longer, cost less tQ operate. ar1d
won't harm the health of workers and r.,idents. It is also about protecting
natural resourçes Çlnd improving the built environment so that ecosystern5,
people, enterprise's and communities can thrive and prosper.
Green building represents a paradigm shift-a crucíal change in the way we
understand, desigrl and build Ilousing in today's world. It doesn't happen
by accident·nit requires thurough planning, tl10Ughtful design and quality
construction, With the budget and time pre55ures we're all under today, is it
really worth the extra effort?
We think it is. Green hou,ing is good for people, good for Bay Area
communities, and good for the natural environment. Better buildings! it
turns out. are also better for business. Developers, designers and other
building professionals who follow "building a5 u5ual" practice' may find
thom5elve. at a competitive disadvantage as regulatory and market forces
shift the indlJstry toward built environments that are healthier, more resource
efficient and less polhJting.
/
Cornrnolì roolìl!:'.. !)(Jch a~ thi!'; hlJilrling At
MurPhy ~~1fICIi in San JO$ú. <'Ire an intep,r.;¡1
põut of multifcHllily IIVl1Ig.
Wllo';iloulci u:',e these Guidelines?
Multifamily p,reen huilrlin;::~ ('.;,n blend
harmonloiJslV with contemporary dl':!5ign. The
Nueva Vda project In Santa Cruz cl'i;!Me~.
InviLillg sµi..a;~'s-irl·3Ide t.HIU ouL.
-------------------------
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN 6UILOING GUIDE;LINES ^prll ;;()()4
ACWMA'g Multifamily Green BUilding Guidelines were developed to bring
technical expertise to Alameda County developers, architects, builders and
building managers. TI1e Guidelines are the re5ult·of collaboration among
developers, architects, builders, building officials, green building expert"
and staff of the Alameda County Waste Management Authority and Recycling
Board. The expertise of the,. diverse stakeholders is reflected through a
focus on practices and approach.. Ihat are most relevant to affordable and
market-rate multifamily housing in Alameda County,
The measures in,these GLJjdeline~ range from basic! commonsense
recommendations such as designing entrywaY5 so that fewer contaminants
are tr.cked in on people's shoes. to Installing sophisticated renewable energy
generation systems on Site, No matter where you are on the green building
5pedrum-from novice to expert-you will find resources, de5ign ideas, product
illforma.tion, çase studie~ and real-world advice that you can put to use today.
If you or your organization has not yet embraced green building, these
Multifamily Green BUilding Guidelìnes,-..,,·as well as marlY other resources
uffered by ACWMA-will provide you with a solid foundation ,for getting
started, You will find many uf the measures to be quite easy to incorporate
into projects immediately. Other measure5 that require more effort can be
added to your practice as you gain experience and build support for green
design within YO~Jr mg~nizatiùn.
If you are experienced with developing high-quality multifamily housing,
some of the approaches and products recommended here may already be
part of your daily practice, In that case, tilese Guidelines will help you
employ more advanced green-building strategies that wi II reinforce your
organízation's .!e~dership po~itiDn_
Z
-1
:::0
o
o
c
n
-1
o
Z
IN1RODUCTION
------------------------. -----------
PAGE 1
----,-----,.
z
---
::::0
o
o
c
o
---
o
z
-------------------------------------.
These Guidelines can be IJsed in different. ways deperlding on your role in
the ,multifamily housíng development proc.es5. H~re tlre 50m~ considemtions:
» Policymakers. Read the introduction tQ eacll section for an overview of
green building for multifamliy houSing. Then read througll tile measures
in tile Planning & Design section. These are particularly relevant because
they include policy recorT1f[H:~ndC:lLions you can adopL before a projetL is
even propm¡ed.
» Developers. Use these Guidelines as c1 way to organize your teat"Q's
i3pprotlch to green b~Jilding: the Guidelines will help pwvide your' team
wltll a common language for discussing alternative design. Heference
the Guidelines in your RFQs <1nd RFPs for architects, and use it as d
discussion guide throughout de5ign. The t"ble on page 7 provides a
useful timeline tor when to tocus on particular design strategies. Property
managers should read the Operations & Maintenance section caretully tor
ideas on minimizing operating costs.
Architects. Treat these GuidelinEs as both an idea bODk and a reference
nlanual. When beginning a new project, Sc.an the list of measure5 in the
Green Building Timetable on page 6 for ideas that might be appropriate
for your project. Within each measure, use the graphic guides and tt1e
Description and Benefits Information to help spark the creative process.
Although there are many mOre stralegies for promoting ilealll'y. erlicient
and ecologícal construction than are covered by these Guidelínes, we have
included enough material to provide a solid starting pOint
Once tt1e project is underway, use this as a reference book. The teclmical
advice in each rTlea5Ure'g Design Details, along with the Resources, stlOuld
significantly reduce the time YOll need to spend ev¡:¡luating mr3teriaI5,
equipment and strategics.
Be Sure to visit www.multifamilygreen.org to access the ween building
Materials Database of manlJfacturer5 and 5lJpp!iers for many green
products and materials, Check thewebsite periodically tor the latest
v~rsi()n, since the list changes frequently.
\> Contractors. Use the Guídelines to famìlíarì:7C YO~Jrsclf with general green
building strategies and as a reference manual to reduce the tinlC you
spend on researching product availability and cost. Start by reading the
tull write-up fot each measure used in your project When estimating
CQ5t5, reread the Costs section in e1::lch rrlea5ure. Use the additiofl1::l1
resource list at www.multifamilygreen.org to find products and' suppliers,
What is green buildirlg?
Green building is a whoie-systems approach to the design. construction
and operation ôf buildlngs-trom the early stages of developlnent through
the tlnal tlnishes, This approach benetits building industry protessionals,
residents and communities by improving construction quality! increasing
building longevity, reducing utility and maintenance t05ts, and enhancing
com tort and livability.
There's nothing mysterious about green building-it's really just applied com-
monsense. To move fOIWard with greening your CQn5truction project, it is helpful
to think at green building as the convergence at three tundamental objectives,
1. Conserve natural resources
2.lncreii3se energy efficiency
3, Improve indoor air quality
I'A(.;~. 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUIL.,DlNQ GUIDELINES April :!(J()4
INTRODUCTION
Z
-I
:::0
J
o
o
-I
o
:7
._---------------------------------~-------------------
-'-------
,
["
.,'
,\
¡ r 1'1.
I,·,',
u
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION
Conventional building construction and operation needlessly consume large
quantities of wood, water, metal, fuel and other natural re50urce5. Wood! for
example, is one of the most common buildjngmaterials, but it is often lJsed
wastefully, Fortunately, advanced framing techniques have been developed
that can substantially reduce lumber requirements. And using engineered
lumber and wood products certified by Ihe Forest Stewardship Council can
help prolect old-growth forests. In fact, fhere are a great variety of effective
building strategies that conserve natural resources, as well as providing benefit5
such as cost savings. One approach is to avoid using unnecessary materials,
such as by allowing structural elements like conerete floors to serve as finish
materials. Other strategies include using durable products fa reduçe wi'ste
and specifying recycled-content prQduCIS Ihat reuse natural resources,
ENERGY EFfiCIENCY
E.nergy efficiency is the cornr?rstone of any green building project. Improving
energy efficiency and using renewable energy sources are eff£çtiv~ ways
to reduce fhe potential of energy .upply interruptions, improve air quality
¡:!nd reduce the impacts of global warming. Improving energy efficiency also
makes economic sense for building owners and residents: an energy-efficient
building saves mOlley by reducing utility bilis year after year,
INDOOR AIR QUALITY
Poor indoor air quality is often caused by mold and mildew that build up as
a result of moisture infiltration or poorly designed and maintained heating
and cooling systems. Dust, another mi,'3jor source of indoor air pollution,
can be reduced by uSing track-off floor mats at entryways, and by using
easily cleanable fk)Qring materials such as natural linoleum, wood or wood
alternatives, or concrete. Another common source of indoor air pollution
is the offgassing of chemicals found in ,"any building materials. Pressed-
wood products such as particleboard and plywood paneling. for example, are
typically held fogether by adhesives that release formaldehyde-,·a probable
hUrTi1:ln u:lrcinogen-into the home for years after installation. Many paints,
floor finishes, adheSives and sealanfs also emit unhealthy volatile organic
compounds (VOC,), Fortunately, the building producfs industry is responding
to these indoor air pollution problems by developing saler products,
including alternative glu." in pre5Sedwuod products, and low-VOC paint,
finish and adl1esive products.
(..!
'.'
~ n ~~:~,
! ("'¡ ~:':.:.) l' <: ';, i: :; ;. j
\,.'
Too often, design and building disciplines remain highly fragmented,
developers and fundets select (or are given) a site; architects design the
building, mechanical and electrical engineers design HVAC and lighting;
and so on. It is rare, for instançe, to involve the mechanical engineer in
architectural decisions, even though those decisions might significantly
affect equipment costs and energy use.
.-.-----------------. ..--------------,
----------------------
INTRODUCTION
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUilDING GUIDEI.INES I\[JIII ;1()()4
Z
--I
:::0
o
o
c
o
--I
o
Z
r'AGE 3
--------------------------------------------- ..,--'--'----'-----'--------
z
-j
::::0
o
o
c
o
-j
o
z
To minimize the cost and maximize the benefits of green building, use
an integrated de5igrl precess that involves people who represent these
perspectives,
» Owner
~"io Occupant (may be represented by an experienced property manßger)
" Arch iteet
." Mechanical/clectrìcal/pllJmbing engineers
» Civil engineer/landscape arcl1itect
» Builder/contractor
» Maintenance/operations personnel
Integrated design aims to connect (.15 mrJny memher5 of a project te.am as
possible, Introduce integration early, Hold meetings early with all the major
stakeholders, Tour the site. Discuss green strategics early on and use them
to identify the level of green desired tor tllis particular project.
Set clear goals from the beginning. Whi3tever the goals are-·-·reducíng fir~t
costs, tor example, or providing healthy interiors-,every team member must
be äware of the goals a.nd committed to achieving them.
Integrating the design process allows tor creative solutions to complex
problems. Questions can be raised and answered openly through a ch.rrette
Or team meeting. New teclmologies or practices are explored as a grouP!
allowing enthusia$m, $keplicism and solutions to surface at the same time.
!V1 isconceptions Carl be cleared up, and changes 10 standard pr1:lclice can be
highlighted as a learning experience.
It's no coincidence that buildings designed this way are better buildings,
Strategies like passive solar heating take time and care 10 design, but· can
significantly redlJce heating need~, improve cornfort, ;md, except in extreme
cases, eliminate the need for air conditìoníng.
1'1'(>,'" 1"li"(:\o";::)I'()"-1 ('I":><:I':,)'r'l ('I"jl-' 1""'Iilll";;' I'('I,::tc
r . 'i '¡/ , , (::' I ,. ., "I ....'.' ,\ '.,J ",' . 0:.:,) ',.' ~'" I "_.' __~ ,. "'... '" _ . ,. "",..1 .",_.1
While tile 11ealth and environmental benefits of grc,," building are well
established, many people still assume that green building costs more, But
taking an integrated approaclì to design can actually reduce construction
and operating co~ts. At ä t:ertain critical point., it's possible to achieve
signifìcant cost savings compared to ~tandard practice if ìntegratcd dcsìgn
is used. A contractor! for examplet can be engaged early in design to help
steer t.he desigr¡ away from expensive solutions and toward cost..effective
ones. The options available during ~chernatic design can easily include
strategies suell as simplifying a building's wall structure by changing the
wall articulätion to äilat: wall with bolted-on overhangs and thick trim. Such
à change can often save money and a lot of wood, but would be costly to do
once construction documents were underway.
Just as the contractor can help the design team tind cost-etfective green
solutions, so Can the other team rm:rnbers. The mechär1ical engineer may be
able to recommend increasing the exterior wall thickness to accommodi3te
more insulation, which could result in reducing the size and cost of the
beating system. If the developer is concerned with achieving HLJD noise
ratings and is part of this conversation, she may ask the engineer whether
using special sound-rated windows will also help reduce cooiing needs,
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
PAGE 4
INTRODUCTION
ACWMA MUlTIFAMilY GREEN BUILDING GUIDElINE:S April 2004
-..---. .-------------------------------------------
These collaborative discussion5 are pDwt:rful, but thE range of cost effective
solutions narrows as the design progresses. Consider daylighting, for example,
During 5therrla!ic design, dayllghting can be achieved by moving the glazing
to the north and south walls and correspondingly adjusting the intérior spaces.
The cost at this change is close to zero. If daylighting gQal, aren't r'l5ed
until 111e design development phase, it may be possible to provide daylighting
by changing the heights of windows and the depth of roof eaves, for a moderate
cost inçrease, But if daylighting goals aren't raised until the construction
document phase, daylighting might have tQ be achieved hy ,electing high-
end glazing and installing light shelves, for a considerable cost increase.
For every recommendation in these Guidelines, we h¡:¡ve carefully weighed the
measure's cost against its benefits to justify its inclusion. While not all me'"Jre,
will be applicable to your project, we feel that the measures included are
relevant and reasonahle for multifarrlily developments built today,
Som~ of the recommended rT1easureS do cost more initially, but this additional
cost needs to be evaluated in the context of the IOtlger-lerm benefits provided;
utility cost savings, better indoor air quality for residents, healthier joh,ite' for
workers, and I~Jnger building life. When considering green building measures,
it ís very important tö balance upfront. desigrl, product and construction costs
willl these other significant benefits (this process of evaluating the Inng"terr"
CDSts of design decisions is often referred to as '1Iîfecycle cost analysis"),
r·unding affordable hOU5ing involves unique challenges and opportunities!
particularly if the design includes green building measures that may cost
more upfront but provide long-term benetits, For good information about
funding affordable, green multifamily buildings in the San Francisco Bay
Area, refer to TIJe Materials Nandbook: Guidelines for Affordable Sustainable
Nousing. published by the San Francisco Mayor's Office of Housing and
Asian Neighhorhood Design (available from www.andnetorg).
Green building can be seen as pushing the design and construction industry
to do thing~ that may be new, such as integrating the design process, New
practices sometimes cost money. But green buildings are more than just
buildings, They are the end result of ~ çollaboration between people on
all levels of design and construction who are committe.d to improving on
ye~tt:rday's practices.
Tak.ing incrernental ;;t.e¡y; toward tilJliding ¡;;rcen
Green design comes in many shades. Many projects are 4jlight green": they
include:: a handful of fairly convention81 but effective strategies. such as
energy-etflcient lighting or high-efficiency heating. Other projects are "medium
green"- they've taken bigger strides toward including high-performance
attributes such i::H::; advanced framing or cool roofs. And then tllere are
cutting-edge green projects that fully embrace integrated desig" and may
even have advanced features such as bUilding-integrated photovoltaics.
If you aren't able to take an int.egrated appro;:¡ch to design on your current
project, you call still take steps toward creating a healthier and more energy-
and resource-efficient building. Inside these Guidelines you'll find many
strat.t:gies that are easy to implement and add virtually no cost, such as
low-vac paints, sealants and adhesives, recycled-content carpet, and water-
efficient tixtures. Your project may not be labeled "green," but you can still
include many of these simpler measures, As your team's experience wìth
green huilding grows, you'll likely find yourselves scaling up to ever healthier
and more effective de5ign and Ç:onstruction practices.
...------------------------------------------
ACWMA MULtiFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES Apn1200<1
INTRODUCfloN
z
--j
::0
o
o
c
o
--j
o
z
-----
rAGE 5
------------------------------------------------.
.. - -.. .- -.
." ,~ -. - -
Z
-I
:::0
o
o
c
o
-I
o
Z
Círeì:~n builci!t1S?,tirrlelaIJle
The table below allows you to qUickly scan all the measu,es in these
Guidelines to get a feel for when each measure becomes a priority during
the development process. During the initial commlJnity planning phase, for
example, critical decisions arise such as whetller to choose an intill site or
develop the project for mixed uses. But other measures! SUCl1 as specifying
high·performa.nce windows or ENERGY STARoo appliances, can be decided
later, during design development. Use this table a, a general tool for
planning purposes. and refer to it as your projects progress,
PLANNING & DESIGN
Ollnfill sites
02 Mixed-use developme!1ts
03 Building placement and orientation
...--.-....-.......--."'..-". .....-"'-.""'..-..,,-
04 Design for walking and bicycling
05 Social gathering places
06 Design for safety
.-"'-"....--.-......----.."".......-..-..--.,,-...-
07 Vand:alism deterrence & management
.-"'-"....-...--....."-"....-...,,.........-..-..-..---.-.. .._"".""-,,-,,.
08 L~nd$capÎng
-"'."'-".".-.-."""-.-....- . . . -..--.-.---,,-.-. .._,,-_.._,,_..
09 CI;IQ !iiite
10 Stðrmw.ater management
11 ENERGY STAR<I>--çertlfied hornE!'$
12 Moi~turè ~hèddllig & .mold avoidance
13 Recycling cðlli:!(;tioli
14 Recycl@d product!:;
15 Adaptable buildings
SITEWORK
,
,I
.............. ....
I' : / : ~ I' 7
: ~' : / $,' /
#': ,'~,'.$'/I;t,' ,'~
~ 1(S1!.iÎ1 I l(!f
I,' /'¡;;/$l~/ / /~
I (,- I if I O' '.;:. I ~ "3
A ".if " ~ "øtf ;" .fi "R "~è;
...' " ffi " .,. " ,,;,;: " ,. " ,- ~
:-... ~ "".J ~ !:.J ~ !i;.J_
~ ' ~ I J:- ' ...., I ~ I ii?' I ef~"
-~ " Q:1 " ~ ,'..-?' " ~ " ~ " tj¿;
_~ I 4,¡ " ~ I ~ I ~ I § I Io.:.$.j
~ I to::. I :!'L , I~ ' ~ I ~ . ~o
8 " ~ : 8 " <r " 8" ,,' 8 " J?~
I I I , I I
, ,
, ,
..'L". L".
, ,
, ,
, ,
...--.-...,....,.:".,.....,--
L ...:'(. :.:
__.._..._.L..__~.:.~;",-._I
'¢: ! :<;¿"... ¡
._.._..._..~,...,._~'-,-.. ...
~ : '~..> :
.-'.!.,,_._...:........._.J.,,_
, ,
..~..,': .;(.,::
·····_·I·_···_··_:····~I
, ,
, ,
, ,
1". -:-'-."":'7
':.f '.": ../ :
..1 ,.._."""'._..::...:.,,:¡
. ~ :
,
./
. . "". .~
.,__"~,_"__,."..~"W_,__""',.._____ _."_~~
: :../ v' :
1 1 I 1 I 1
-"'--.--.-...-"'''-..-. .. ---.-."..-... -"....-..-"-.-,.,,..---.----...- "'-.------,".--""-..-"', .-.----.,----.". ·--'---'-'·'·r---"-"'1-'-·"'·'·--'·
02 Efficient use of construction materials :::: V : ,/ :
______.__. ... ___...._.___._..___._..._._____ _._----1"'____----1..___.__....I......-------1......___.._._~._.._._...I__._..___
03 Constrl.lçtiQf1 IAQ management :::: v': :
1 1 1 1 I 1
-----,.--,.-..--- ·---·····-·T··-··--r----
:: t/ : ../ :
-----1_-----L .---I___....L--_
() 1 C&C waste management
-..--.."..""---.---...----.-.----"..----.---.
04 HazardoFJs materials & waste
,./
,
,
..-...1",.
,
,
,
..-,..".
,
,
....__..L
,
,
,
··---1""·
"
,
,
i'·
,
,
..··-··1"'·
,
"
,
-"·-·-""1
,
,
__._"L
I
,
,
,
,
,
,
'.
./:
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
"
,
,
,
,
./:
,
,
....L""'_..."..
,
,
,
··-T"'-··'··--
,
,
._..__.1_._._....._
,
,
,
...t"...-..-..-"'..
>/' :
,
...¡-"-..".
,
,
,
.,¡' ,,:
"
,
./. :
"
./:
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
..,.
,
,
,
,
,
,
, ,
, ,
....J.._,,"'_ .....L_,,_"'_
, ,
, ,
, ,
",'..'.'-"-- ..,..-..,,-.
" ,
, ,
.....1"._."...___".....1._._.._...__
, ,
, ,
, ,
"'1'-·'·'-"'-··'·'·'1"·'·"'·'-
. ,
, ,
, ,
ï'--·-"'-· .. ï"
, ,
, ,
~"'_"". ·1·
: : \/
, ,
,
./:
./
./
./
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
."
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
"
,
,
,
,
,
,
./
..".·______'~.'M..'M_
~'AG[ ¡¡¡
----------------------------------------------------.----------------
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GRE:E:N BUIL.DING GUIDELINES Aµril 2004
INTRODUCTION
·------ - --~,------_..
STRUCTURE
01 Recycled aggregate
--...-----.-------,- .._.,-----,-,-
02 High"volume flyash in concrete
03 FSC~certified wood
04 Engineered lumber
-.--.,--
05 Advanced framing design
-,--,--.-...--. . ._.,-,--,--,.,-_.._---_._----
06 Steel framing
-,--------,-,_.,._-----_._-
07 Structur!J1 insulated panels
----.------
08 Raised heel trusses
..-,.,..-,..,,-...-.,.
09 Insulation
10 Durable siding materials
--.--.--.---,-----.-."'--,----,-----
11 Durable roofing options
.-..,.-......----....-,.-...-.--,-.---..,--,- .-,..,-.--------..
12 Cool roof
------------------.
13 High-performance windows
SYSTEMS
01 Passive solar heating
...-,.-,--.,.,-,-..,.,.-...-..--.--,-..
02 Thermal ma~s fh;lDfing
03 Hlgh-E!ffiti,i:!n(;y he.ating
04 Radiant hydron!!:: ~pac;e heating
05 SQlar water heating
06 High-efficiency w.ater heating
07 Avoid air conditioning
08 Hlgh-êffiden(;y AC with advanc( d refrigerant
09 Duct @ffectiv~ness
10 Advanced ventilation practic@s
11 Garag@ ventilation
12 Dayllghtlng
-....--...-.---.---....-.--. . -........--...--,-.,-
13 High-efficiency lighting·
-------------------------
...............
; I I I $'''' ,
I , I I ; i
I J , , I ,
I I J J W
/ ,'~/./i'/¡~/ /~
I ø ' f:.ii, , 0
,ý/ /~,,;t/ / ,,~
J'.... J jji if t ~ ~ 4J
~ I -.,,¡ J ~ ' ~ ff ~J...
A. I ~ I ':--I ; rij~ I J? I ¿."õ;. ; ~~
...... ~ ~ I ; ~ , i":' I ,,"!'
~ ~/~IQ'§ $"~~
~ / .;! / A.~ "...::.. /.0-: / o1.Ç "c§
I -Q, tl &" I t;~ , t; .Jic..¡
I!! " .;!- / i:§ / ~ " i/:" / ~(ji
q- / 8 / ~ / g / 8 / <t'1\1
J I I
.¡'. ~ t
. ,
" ,
, ,
,,¡ j
----.:-~----'~t'-,·· .-j
: ..¡ ",I..: :
J I :..;.J.__.___,__,J..___.._.,_..
:'::/:::~:;': : :
--·i--··-'-'-·-'·--"I'-·'--'··
;;:: : :
,I I 1
'I i 1
lV,: : :
------J---·-I ~-I__......___
: : 'if,: : :
: ~ :. :" ir·-·,---+-·--
I: :' :;'ý" ,:: :
__.,_...__-1------1- . .--I--__L_
1 I ~ . -", ,,' . I
: : 1 :,~, "V" ': :
··---'·r-·-·-·T"-·--r::-:-::---~' . -,
: : : :,~ ': : :
._-------L.-__L_ I '~_..__~_---L..-____
1 I I," ,~ I 1
: : :,"",~>:'::.: : :
------r------1"-.~~---.... . .-----
: : :':"'<::, ,: : :
I I L........:.l..:_L______..l_ .._J
1 I I, '",'::¡"""" , I 1
1 (::',:':"¡¡¡':\:",',I I 1
, I ( , ,,: ': ~':;:Y::,,::, ..:.": , 1 I 1
----L___---'----_.--<..:..:..;~.:.~,,'.,',",..
,
,
_.._L.....
,
,
L__
,
,
..__,...L.
,
,
,
',¡'
!;'L,"L,~_ ,;;r :;..:~C::):~ ¡ !. !
·-"'1' ,," r ~':'~ t I 1
7,',:,' I. :,;~,'V,',,">' ,I 1 I 1
¡', ,I ,I I , 1
: ~, "':::'\V,::':' ',::,t¡::'::;:,)",:,\$,':,":,':,:;::',',::',:,;;,'" : -.':'-'-.-- .-.-'.--¡-
: r ' " " '1':'::' :~::,';,,:...., ,',,,:" :'. : .. ~....-. .. . ~.,-,-...
1 i ".;( :1,:;-:,/:::: :~;:::, : 1 1
: ...",:..:,::,:..:t..:::~::,':: ", ::':: ...E"~':jïLLJ~-L_.,_____-L.___----l_,___
----if~1tiLy i¡C--CTC",j--L-L
: : ::::::-:::~,""':":I : :
I I ;.¡', ,!'j ...I\~ _._,. I .._..____,L-_.,__---L.._
: ','::'''¿"", )/,:1.":":','/ ': : : :
1 'V"," (,'I .V,,~ I I 1
, I' :'1 ",',::,,":,':..t..··---,----¡--
, , '""""",::::,:Y,"":::,',.,,, I I 1
r I I,<:,:,V~':;,,',:'·, I I I
r m __._J ..L......J........:.:.;.~._.1 I 1
I I I 1 I 1
I I I I ~,,":':I 1
:- : ,. -:..,.".-~,_..,,,.,..,---:~~~: .:-'---
I I 1 """'''''1 I 1
: .. ¡ ~ :.'/,~:,,'i ,..J. ---:,~:~?~,:,:,,~::~.¡.-~-.
: : :"":,'::~:' ,: '~;',<,'{: :
... .1·'0 j,._ ..-I_.,.-'.:',.~ ' .-'-1------1-
:: '<V: ': ;¡: ': : : :
I' ':"e I I I I I
·r ,. I ·r --(.----
: : : 'if/:',; : :
_,._...I.~ ._,..,._..,.__~. .___.,.,M'.
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDEL.INES A¡xi12004
-------------------------------------------------------
Z
-I
:::0
o
o
c
o
-I
o
Z
I Nr~ODUCTION
..-.--------
PAGE 7
Z
--I
;:::0
o
o
c
o
--I
o
Z
PAGE 8
'.
------------------------------------
(SYSTEMS, continued)
14 Light pollution reduction
-..-....------.....-
15 Onsite electricity generation.
...-..-..-..----...---.-....-"'.
16 Elevators
--....-.-...-....----
17 ENERGY STAR~ appliances
18 Central laundry
19 Wate....efficient fixtures
FINISHES & FURNISHINGS
Q 1 Entryw.ys
----------
02 Interior paint
-----.-----------..--...
03 Adhesives and sealants
----.--.".
Q4 Metal coatings
-".""'---.--..-...-..---- ------ --..-.."..-.--.-.-"'.
05 Carpl:!tIng
..... ---.-----.--.. ...-...--...-...-..."'-..
06 Natutallinoleum
07 Wood flooring alternatÎyes
---.---------
08 Recl~imed materials
09 CabiliE!t$, Ç.QlJliters & trim
.. --.-....-"'...-.
10 Furnlturt:! and outdoor play !itructures
....... ~.,-' ,., .-..~.'. '." -~"_.._._~-'-~ .--
OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE
01 Training and manuals
-,---------------------
.-.-.-.-.
I I I I '? I
~ I I I ¡.... I
t t ~ ~ ~ J
I J t A. ' ~ ;
" " ~ " ~ ,';;) "
~ ~(:il~~#'
-x f J ¡s. , ;¡þ I ~
~ J J I~J I ~ I I
JJ~ I~/O'/~ J~
~/~'...,~{¡¡"èf/O
¡!: " ~ " ;¡ " ~ " ~ " ~ / ~~
=--- ; ~ ~ iJ I ð' J ~- I Y I ~~
i!f " J '.q, ~ ~ I ~ ; Qi ~ o§
I ~ " ¿j " ~ ,';;~ " ¡:; " J-1(j
/ 1::' / ~ / i:f " ~ " ;:. " ~¿¡
" ~ " 8 / ~ / 8~ / 8 / ~~
~ I I I J I
f;J,::'/:;V:(i' <'I" ';K;' "I
I'"',',,, ',:,,' ";'I;:::,{,;:'"t:':' "I
I 1','1""',,,",' '1'1', r }:' q
.,'.','<':",.','" ,"r~Jr:"-:T':w::,:/;':..:::~;:'~ :
V'::: ,';; :,::':",v,:,:,~,:,:,::::;·:~'::>IV" <, <1 I
~._,_."I_:'.::_,.:.:.:~L:":'_I,:,,.::',.,,:,.!..:..:::::.:,:__,I,..._..,__·~""I
: : ~'<?~~< ,
I I I, I
. .n,__ ----'·'-'T"-·-'- ·"-T"- ...."1". ',': '::':'" '"I
: : :I';:~'::,-::'j\:
_"'1,,_.,,_.__.....1,,_.. ------'- ., :'::::.:J'::':L,:,¡
I I -.,. I
I I;¡:; , I
I I """,,,,. I
··-"",'-··--r- .'. .----'---'-'--r:-¡;\-:;;:-:::~,.;_:. I"·
: : n:;>~/·::
-.,."'.- -"..
,
,
,
....-"'-.-t
,
,
,
·
,
,
,--
,
,
,
"
,
,
"
,
,
,
.'1"-."-.
,
,
,
;
,
,
,
,
,
·
·
,
·
-,-,----""..-..-..-----..---.--,-------,.---.
02 Educational signage & tours
INTRODUCTION
, ,
, ,
" '
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, I
, ,
, ,
, ,
, I
.1.. .1
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, I
, I
.'"".~,~_".t.
,
,
,
'.
,
,
I
,
,
-,
,
,
,
,
,
,
...1,.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
..n.".
,
,
,
...._,...
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
I"'"
,
,
.-,___.,1..-
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
..._,._,,--"'.
,
,
,
·-"¡ii~f~,::
.., ,,:,~;;:":¡:'i.'~t<'(',:~ 1
~":',*:/\'I "'1 1
:¡}0::,,:,;:<;;-:'iSiH·,,-·- :
L.þ'jy~,w'I,~~ I
... ,Œi"j:l:ti~i12i1,_,. :
fé!¡:1Ié{';;: "':".
~'~:};;,':.:t\~',;I ¡
I:k}~}~\',~,~ I
··---"-·-··I;:i0:Y,f.>'Sj::;{ ,------,{-----".
t'>/r¡)(,:",}:"j ¡
-,-."f~,f,~:~¿M/+~ ,---...:...----.
t,~, fi(~','< ,!I I
¡::-}y:f;;~'I":,'~:":::,i}:;~¡ ¡
\"'¡>;">'::ä¿\"'~"1 I
.. ì:;):g~,~;rFL,::t _ :
-,----j)¡~;~~~!~---- -~
I:":":~,,~,~,:,,,,,I I
1,<"1,'<.';","\(""'" 1
~0:'---·:--'- ·1::T:~-:;~,i):;i),
- .- .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUIL.DING GUIDEI,.INES April ;.'()(J4
.. .-.-.-.- -, ,.
------------------------------
I¡¡side the Cuidelille'::, The ACWMA Multifamily Green Building Guidelines consist of more than 60
recommended measures grouped into six sect¡~ns. Each section begins with
an overview that provides context for the measures within that section. The
sections are briefly described here,
Planning & Design. 'ncludes recommendations on site selection, building
orientation, mixed-use development, 5ite design that promotes social
interaction and physical activity, landscaping strategies, stormwater
management, building adaptability and recycling.
Sitework. I ntludes recommendations on managing the construction process
to minimize disruption to the site, proted worker t1ealth¡ use construction
materials efficiently and reduce waste.
Structure. Addresses U1e building's structure and envelope, including
concrete, framing, roofing and siding materials! insulation and windows.
Systems. Covers five categories of building systems: heating, ventilation and
air conditioning; daylighting and electric lighting, appliances, onsite energy
generation, and plumbing fixtures and systems,
Finishes & Furnishings. Addrosses healthy, environmentally preferable finishes
and furnishings, including adhesives, sealants, paints and metal coatings;
flooring options including entryway design, ca'rpet, linoleum and alternatives to
wood flooring; reclaimed material::;; cabinets, counters and trim¡ and furniture.
Operations & Maintenance. Covers O&M practices including
maintenance manuals and training tor residents and building statt, and
educational signage and tours.
MeasurE:! number
M~OJ$urc title
Sut'\1l1lðr'ý.of
recommendation
h~orJ e WtlO need to pay
particul¡:¡r attention to
this mea~l,Irf.
ConstructiQn Sp¡;cificatiQt1
Institute's (CSI) Division or
Specification number
GREEN aUIWING MEASURES
While separating green building strategies into individual measures may give
the impression tha.t they can be u5ed in isolation, in reality each measure is
clo$cly integrated with many other design strategies. To erlcourage teams to
work across disciplines and embrace an integrated design approach, each
measure contains many cross-references to related mcaSIJres. For exa.mple,
the Dayllghtlng measure (Systems, Measure 12) refers to Planning & Design,
Measure 03· Building Plac.ernent and Orientation.
The individual measures are presented with a consistent layout so you'
can scan them for relevant information. Each measure begins with an
"at-a-glance" graphic, as shown in the example below,
""'1<1""_ 04 I
Ttll~ rrIU;:1~ure't' principal b~nefit~.;
Health/lEG: Reduces indoor
p(lllut¡¡nr~, WQnlOtf!5 hetter
¡rldour !:Jrlviwrlrw':lIlül l U¡ liLy,
Ano/or providf!~ opportunities for
imprúved Jublk; tjui:'1ltl' ,
$iteJCommunity: Proter.t~. land,
water cHid <lir orl ¡Hid rWõ!r
site frolì1 pollution 01" other
envirQllmp.nt:=..1 dam¡¡ge, uses
municipal infrastrudure r'rlurú
i;!ffiCip.lltly hy t"I'!rlf!vp.loping
builuirlg ut site, and/or' provides
important and needed arnenitie~
1ör tl)e ~tJrrûundinf, community,
Energy Efficiency: Reduces
builliirlg cflerf;:;¡ consumption,
Water E:fficien¡:y: Redur.es water
LI~e ill LJuildillg ¡..Hld/ur Orl ~Ite.
Mah:riill EJfi¡::ie-n¡::y: Reduces,
reuses and/or recycles materiùls
that rnip;ht havE;! Qlhf!rwi,;e
erlded up in landfills, mdu¡;e~
mMerialsllf!f!(1p.c1tocCJI1:=;trlJd
ur Up8riJte the l1uildirlg, í.IM/or
lIses material!'; pr('1¡"hJr-:ed ·in a way
that minimizes ~nvirorlrTIcrIL<.11
dam<.ìB"C,
O&M; Inçrf'!¡¡:=;es hLJilrling's
durability, and/or r¡¡duces
operMinp;(!11(J mainten.'lllcf!
ex¡mrlsl:!s.
Resident Satisfaction: Saves
r'(:~idùrlts money. and/or improve5
rp'~.idf!l1t:=;' qu¡¡lity of life.
ENERGY STAR"': 1'lelr)S achieve
ENF.:RC;Y STARIJIJ fQr Homes
certificatiorl..
----------------------------------------~----------------.--.
DESIGN FOR WALKING
AND BICYCLING
Design Developments for Safe,
Pleasant Walking and Bicycling
wHo -KE'{ 8'ENEFJTS
¡ D~\leloP€lrIf'M
"
./ ¡:.o~IIr,ym;Jk~r
.,¡ Ar~liil~d
.¡ Elllll(I~,
I,,',,'il'
v· O&M
¡ H~"ltI111~Q
II 'J:'" , , ,1 ~ ~ ,
III; ;I,I'"I,,"
"11'·
';'.' I ,¡,' ',' . '\ ~' "
! ',.~ I:,':r~~ ;'; '~r¡~\r','
.¡ R!~~iderll S~ti~f~cti()n
¡',I:,'¡:,iY"1'¡,,!'I
-----,..,-.--..-----..--....-.--..,..----...,-,..---.-.
Q2870: Site ~I)C SII!:!:t F'JII)i~l)i~~~
ACWMA MULTIFAMILV GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES ADril 2004
INTRODUCTION
z
-i
,
::::c
C
o
C
c;
c
¿
PAGE 9
------------------------------------
._~~--------------------------
'"
z
~
:::0
o
o
c
()
~
o
z
FollQwing the "at-a-glance" graphic, each' measure, includes the following
information:
Recommendation. A brief statement summarizing the recommended action
or açtion5.
Description. An overview of the relevant design and construction issues,
providing context for the Recommendation.
Benetits. Summary of the range of possible benefits the measure offers,
including cost savings for developers, owners and residents¡ waste reduction¡
energy and resource conservation: community benefits¡ environmental
protection; indoor air qU<'3lity improvements; and much more.
Application. Types of projects where the RecommendatiQn is most relevant.
Design Details. SpeC':ial design and construction details to consider when
implementing the Recommend.tion,
Code Considerations. Relevant local, state or federal code issues that ,nay
¡:,¡pply, above and beyond standard code considerations.
Considerations for Residents. Effect of the: measure on residents, in(~luding
benefits and special lI,formation the residents should know,
Cost and Cost Effective,::!ess. Irl some cases, specific cost information is
provided. In other cases, rel<:ltive costs or lifecycle cOst information is giv~n.
mIDI_
.--.
The symbol5 * ii3nd $ are used as rough indicators of each measure's relative
benefits and costs. * or $ equals low benefit Qr cost, ** or $$ equals
medium benefit or cost, and *** or $$$ equals high benefit Qr cost. l'he
cost reflects the anticipated increase over standard practice. These actual
costs may vary considerably among projects and will depend on availability
of materials.
Resources. Additional we:hsitE5, agenC':ie~, industry organizations or
publications to consult for more information about this particular green
building strategy (for specific products and mal'eri<Jls, 5(;,'(' tJL'luw).
GREEN BUI~DlNG MATERIALS DATABASE
ACWMA maintains an online database of green buìlding prodlJcts í:lnd
materials availabie locally and sultabie for mUltifamily buildings, The
database, which is searchable by product category, product name and
measure number, is available at www.multifamilygreen.org.
/
UPDATES TO THE GUIDE~INES
ACWMA intends to upd.te these Guidelines periadiçôlly to err sure t.hat they
reflect the latest and best practices, For information or to offer suggestions
for updates, please visit www.multifamilygreen.org. or call (510) 514-1699
and ask for Karen Kho or Ann Ludwig,
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. - - - .
.----------------------
r'A(.;~. 10
INr~cDUc'J10N
ACWMA MULTIFAMilY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES f."priI2CK)4
~--~---~----~~--.-_..~--~----~---------------------------------.----.---
--0
r-
",.
..;.>
¿
--"
/"
-;:::"
""-
GJ
Qc
o
rrl
(()
G)
z
BENEFITS
This table lists the Guidelines' Planning.& Design me.sur.., and show. the primary
benefits of eaCh. Many of the measures in this section provide broad-based social
and environmental benefits that go well ,beyond improving an individual building'.
performance. For example,.people who live in mixed~u5e development$ (Pfannil7g&
Design,' Measure. 02) rather than conventional suburban developments are more likely
to get physical exercise bywalking to nearby .hops and neighborhood services,
I I I ¡Ii
" / " /-'J~/ I'
/ ò / {:¡,' ¿} " ~_,' /' , /' I ~
I Ï$' , .1' i if I /~$i i ~. J ~ 1
()/jj/~/.J;/'i::'-/ I',?'
!<i '/~ , (f '«f ' <;;, , ':..'
¡ 1/ ,/.R 1/..$ '/I:=!-.'/ ~ ,/ 1,/ r! ,/
~",'~~/4J~/.if/ /(jt/~/4f/
ii, " I I ,
{., ,{ (.. ( (, ( ( J
.¡ : ./ I : : ¥: : v" ~ :
. ·1,--,,· . I··· 1,-· : .~ . f· ]---- :
02 Mixed-u$e development5 .( ~ ../: : : ¥: :./ l :
03 BUildIng· ~ï'~'~'~~~·nt &'. ori~~tation ---...-"-.---------¡--;:.. T-·n-~--"'1-""'-; r-· ·-'·'·-"'-r·'· ./ -T··'· ;-.. ¡-- .. ¡
-"'--·-"'''··---··-----·----------·-·----·--1"--·-·-··-1----.---.------- ï·--·-··--.···-----j'"-·-"· .''j'---.-''-I
04 De5ìgn for walking & bicycling .¡' : ý": : : :.¡'":.¡': :
.--.--.-----.--..---.---...-.--.----.---.--.-.¡..--------f---..~.____'_'''______'__'___-J_'''_'_._I_.__._:'
05 Sadal gathering place5 .¡' : ý": : : :.(:.¡': :
..-"'''''-'''''''''''-..-'''''''.-.--,,-.----..-.-----...--..---...-.-..---..-.-".-.--...-J.---.-..{. . ~-.---..--. .}. .-.--...--+-.-."--...+-,,-,,. ...-":-;------1
OEiDêsignfor!iafutu .¡ 1 I I I 1./ ;/ I :
;1 1 I I I I I 1
...L.___... I . .1._,,_.... I ,.. _",_J.. _"1-._.,,... .1-._."".._... I
1 I I 1 I , I 1
07 Vandall$R1 deterrence & management .( 1 ..¡ I , I I.¡' I .¡' I I
. ....--..-..-.-.-------,,-.------..--...-- -------_._+-._.._._-{...._-_.._..._}-.._-,,--":"-_.__._-~._.._~_._-_._~~----:
08 Land$cÊlping : ..¡ : .¡' : ../ : .( : ./ :. .¡'": :
. .... __....___ ....._._._._.._..._..._.,,_.__.____._._L.... . 1"_..._.".__._,,..L.._ . '",_.."""_.._..:..l,,.._._._ .._J._~. ... .__...1-._.____"t
I I , I I I I 1
1 ý" I .¡': :,(: :.(: :
. -.-....-""---.""""-------,-.-."'.""-t--"". . ·f·-·",·· ... """,..",-.,,,- I" ·:-··""·-·"'·"'-·f""· ... ·r"· -·--'1-"'--'·--'·'-··'·1
1 0 Stormwater management : ..¡: :../: :.¡': : :
_. ._."'.__..._.____._"___._._________,,__._____..,,..__.---L-_.._._ J . .L_",,_._... _"l_._...__...!...-.._.__L.__.,,_._._..L.___.--I
I I I I I I I
ý": :,...: :.¡':,(:.¡':.¡':
.-.--'-"-/-""--. ... t- ·1,·- ...1--·"-·-·-"·-+-·---··"-····"'+-·-···--1-..----1
.(: : : : :.,t.:.¡': :
f-·· . l-· :.. I -"""f-",· -.-+.--....-."".:
: : : :;1:./:./: :
_._._.._..__._..__._._".1-.". . t··_m. .-""--~_._.___.,,__..4__-----I--.._..___I_____~_·_t
1 I ¡ I j I J
1 I I I.¡' j I I 1
1 I I I I ¡ ~
..-""---....-----·----·--·"'···-r-···-·· .. 1 .. --"''''·-··T..-''····-'''··-·I''·''-~··-·r·-··-·-··-·T-··-····-·-'---t
.( : ý": : :./: ¡/ : .(: :
..___.._.__._L._"._ ,,_ . ... 1._._.._."_.,,....1_.. _..____1._.____-'--__._.___.1._._._.___1...__._.__
,
,
,
,
,
,
MEASURE
Ollnfill sit@$
09 Cool !ilte
11 ENERGY STARO-certified home,
. -..-.-.-"--.---....-...--,,.
.---,,-.-...-
HaalthllEQ: RlJdUG\!S indoor
pollut,¡¡ntf., promote!) bl:!tter
irldoor envirOnrnent~1 quality,
and/l)r provides opportl)nitie!;i
fOr ir'nprovcd public ~Iealth.
Site/Community: Protects lanel,
water and air on and near
s.ite from pollution or other
environmental damf.!gf!, IJS~
murlidpallnfrasltuChj¡'(: rtlW.:
efficiently by rl;!developins;
budding or site, ~n(jför provld~s
important and needed amenities
far the surrounding community.
Energy EfficÎency: -Reduces
building energy consumption.
W~tE!;r·EfflcJ¡~I1CY: Red~lces w~ter
use in bL.JlIding and/or on site.
Material Efficienc:;y: Reduces,
rellse5 ðnd/or recycles materials
that might t ¡]va öthsrwise ended
up in lan'elfills,' reduç~ materials
r~ö~dl.!!d·to construct or opl:mJte the
building, and/Qrusl;!s material·s
preduCM In a w~y that 1'T11nirrilzes
environment,;!1 damage.
O&M: InçreÇlses builc:!ing'!io
durability, i!lnd/ör' rljdLlco<!S
o.pl;!r,¡¡ting find mainten¡:¡nçe
8xþùrlseS.
R!!sldent Satisfaction: Saves
residents money and/or improv(:s
residents' quality of life.
ENERGY STARœ: Helps achieve
ENERGY STAR~ for Homes
certification.
12 MQldtn'è !iheddins: &: mold ¡:¡vQidance
13 Recycling L:;Qllectlon
..--".--.--.
14 Recyoled produot,
15 Adoptable building.
. .--...-.-...--
.. ..--...-.-.---
---------~---------~-------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 2
PLANNING &; PESIGN
ACWMA MULTI·FAMILY GREEN f3,UIL.DING GUIDELINES April 2004
---------------------------
--------------------'---------------,.
KEY
CONSIDERATIONS
,
I
~
,
¡
I
Good plClrltling (;um;idl:)t~ [lIB r'le8dS of people and
the envirorlment. This multifamily d8V¡¡luprrlúnl
includes rooftop photol,lult:Jic pcJnels Ufl i.1
community building rle:Ü tu <I plõlygruurld.
CONNECTIONS TO THE NATURAL AND
BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Fundamental to green design IS the relationship between a building and the
environment-both the natural andthe built ~nvironment. While affordable housing
projects typically have more ,ite constraints than market-rate housing, every site
presents unique opportunities. The design team should carefully assess the site's
natural elemenl:;..·,including solar access, wind conditions and existing plant and
animal life-and strive to design in harmony with th05€: elernent5 to'reduce energy
use, increase livability and prQtect the environment.
Planning and design decisions related to the built environment-existing buildings,
streets, commercìal develcp'ment, parks, schools and more-are as important
as the decisions related to the natural environment. To a$ses~ höw to best take
advantage ofthe surroundings, the project te"m may need to do considerable
analysis and develop ò nlHTiber of schematic designs.
INTEGRATED DESIGN
For a project to make a signifiçant diff~rence in terms of economic and environmental
SU5!òinòbility, as well as quality of life for building residents and the community
at large, it's best to take an integrated approach to de.ign,
The recommended Planning &.Design measures pre~ented here are fundamental to
integrated design, and should be addressed with as much care, time and resources
as the project can bear. Choices made at this stage may affe,ct hundreds of deci$ions
later on, For example, if a choice is made-either actively or by default-to not
maximize a building's orientation for best 50lar access, that may preclude many
green design strategies, from pò$sive ,olar heating to daylighting to eliminating
air cond ition ing '(for mDre abDlJt integr<lted design, sr.:.'fJ the Guide/illes' introdHcti(Jn),
COMMUNITY SUPPORT
An important aspect of green mUltifamily hou.ing is creating conditions tllat
foster economic and social well-being in the community, Many of the measures
in thi5 section offer tremendous community benefits, ranging from reduced
traffic cÓngestion to more attractìvü opportunities for recreation to greater
economic vitality. For the developer, engaging municipal representatives and
community leaders early in the design process can pave the way to a much
more SUCCG5sfIJ! project.
CODE ISSUES
In some municipalities, density, zoning and other code í55ues may $ometimes
conflict with green design strategies, such as infill and mixed-use developments,
improved pede:strian and bicyclist access, and elJen certain Bnvíronmentally friendly
landscaping practices, Early in the planning proce55, the development team should
identify potentialiy problem.tic code issues and work with the appropriate officials
to overcome these barriers.
-1]
""'-"'~
;
»
-:7
,/
"'--
,..
,,,.:::~_..
-''''''~I
4~"
~..
u)
Qo
~,
~",."
rri
( .')
j
'--"'¡
..J "
~-'·.I
.,~~.
------------------------------
PLANNII'IIG II,; DESIGN PAGE 3
~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - ~ - - -
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES April 2004
--------------------------------------------------,-
11
,-
~.
I
Þ
-""!!
,/
"'-
...~..-';:~
,~,.....~,-<
."-~~",
--
LJ)
()ie",,)
1'"
:--~··II
';~...~,,}
-C'.,
) . (
.,. /.')
<...1,.
(~¡~)
-,
~~..::"
ROLES AND
RESPONSI 81 LIT I ES
. - - ~ - ~ - - - - - - -
COST
For local mUllicìpafitíes, the measures in thi~ section can provide mi;:lny'econornic
benefit5. Develop"",nt, designed to reduce dependence on cars help ease traffic
cor\gastion, which can improve business productivity, Mixed-use developments
encourage economic vitality and a diversified municipal tax base. Infill projects
help revitalize older urban areas.
For the developer, some of the recommended Planning & Design measures can be
done with little Or no extra c.o.t if incorporated early. Providing recycling collection
facililies, for example, costs very little and can potentially reduce waste disposai
fees for years to come, ,Other measures-such as choosing infíll site~ and creating
rnixed~use developrr\ent5-may require additional design time, But cost increases
can often be offset or minimized by adopting an integrated design approach (see
the Inttvdutrlo/J to tlJese Guidelines).
Polieymaker and code official. Facilitate infill development. Support community
planning processes that lead to local area plans or master plans, Support zoning
codes that promote appropriale mixed"use developments. Äd"pt $trôtegies that
promote walking and bicycling, Promote and support environmentally sound
landscaping practices.
l< Developer and project manager (also SGG Builder below), Start early on wínníng
community support. Identify potential Gode barriers early "nd work with local
otficials to overcome them.
, Archilect, engineer, landscape arehitect and interior designer. Work as a team
and embrace an integrated deSign process. Find design solutions that bridge
the gaps between the needs of various stakeholder>. Learn from existing
projects-exemplary t;lnd otherwisE.
Builder '(al.~Q5e.eDeveIQperabove). Include tt1e builder early in the design ,phase to
facilitate acceptance of new ideas or practices. Bui Iders don't traditionally have
a major role in pianning and design, but it's usuallyrnor. effective 10 involve
the buiider early a, an integral member of tile planning team.
, Building manager. Encourage existing and new lenant$!o promole recycling.
Keep the Þuildingalld ils grounds well tended to discourage crime and vandalism.
Follow the recommended landscaping O&M practices. Follow green practices
and use gree.n products in maintenance, cleaning, rep¡:¡intíng, rep;;¡iring and
remodeling activities.
FOCUS ON PLANNING & DESIGN:
Carmen Avenue
Allied HO~J5ing's 30·,unit community in downtown Liverrnore, 10 be built in
2004-2005, was designed green from the start. The buildings are oriented
on an east-west axís for passive solar heating and cooling, whích will reduce
energy consumption while providing comfortable homes. The buildings frame'
a CQurtyard that provides attractive outdoor space, and the conträctor plans to
preserve a large mature tree in'the courtyard area. Parking was po~itioned to
the rear of trle site so that tile homes connect with the community,
To learn more ¿¡bout tflis pruJl:cl', Se(.' Ihl' Carml'tl Aile/lUG Gi:JSC SWdy.
PAGE 4
PLANNING & DESIGN
.----------------------
ACWMA. MULTIFAMILY GRE:EN BUILDING GUIDELINES April 2001
- ~ ~' .~ - - - - - - ~ - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - -
--~---------------
INFlll SITES
Develop Existing Urban Sites Rather
Than Greenfields
WHO KEY BENEFITS
Ý Develop8.r/PM .¡ HcalthflEQ
Ý Site/Community
Ý POlicym'Jkp.r .¡ Energy Efficiency
" " Water Etticiency
1·-;' " Material Etficiency
"II ','
1"1 'i- ;",'i:"1 .¡ Resident Sati5f~ctiQr1
,;\,',
Recommendation
Develop exUing url.Janlzed siles ("infill")
ratller than opell space and farmland
("greentields"). Where possible, redevelop
existing buildillg'3.
Description
Infill development reducespressuro to deveiop
greerlfields by rec:::lairniílg abandoned and underutilized
sites and buildings,
Müst new developrnent in U18 San Francisco Bay ArE!a is
taking placo on the regiQIl's ~astern fringe. Re:;idents ot
these outlying areas depend on cars bccau~c .pedestri¡::Hl,
bicycle iilf1d public-tral1sit travel is uSLl811y impractical.
This pattern of low-density änd car-based development.
called suburban sprawl, ha5 been I inked to a host of
environmental and social probiems, including:
Air pollution from vellieles
'1> Loss of business and individual productivity
from traffic congestion
Inefficient use of public infra~~tructure
Reduced p~lysical activity
Less tílll8 for family and community
Market demand for Infill developmenf is Increasing,
The Urbön Land InSlltule', 2004 survey of real esfate
investors showed general skepticism ab(JU'1 the market,
but support for intill,
I'The few cxccptinn5: 1) fOf·sale housing in inri/! locations,
whic!ì scored I1igh interest due to downtown migralion
by singles and empty nesters. as well as tiglìter growth
controls in outlying ¡3rcas; ?) Inw· and moderate-income
apartments if) close-In areas to Ilelp fill fhe need for
ACWMA MULTIFAMilY GREEN BUILDING GUII:>E:lINES Api"i12CiOtÎ
- - -. -. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
u·____________
äffordc~ble housing; 3) iJtownfield restoration, now
considered less risky than in the past. and which otfers
good prospects for town center housing,' and 4) master-
planned communities with open space and pedestrian-
friendly design, "
Benefits
Urban infill allows public funds to be used for upgrading
existing services slIch as sewers, schools and transit,
rather than diverfing fhose limited funds to tile
development at new services,
Projects that r..tore bligl,[ed or polluted sites
("brownfields") Ilave the double benefit of avoiding
greenfield development and improving quality of life
in existing communities. Redevelopment project5 can
preserve all mea's historic chari?der while promoting
economic reviUI i2:ation.
Reusing existing buildings minimizes waste and reduces
the need fnr new construction material.
Application
_._~...,.,"_....
Affordah¡~ housing developments are rnore constrained
in their síte selection than markd-rate projects. TIley are
commoniy located on infill sites,
When selecti ng a development site, give pteference to
I()(~i:: tions witl1 these characteristics;
Downtown are.a
Targeted for revi'l81 ization
Proximity to major employment centers
» Reuse of parking lots, v<::IcanL lots, abandoned
buildings, former industrial sites or historic sites
" Within an urban growth boundary or designated
for development by the local jurisdiction
Find locations where good transit service already exists
(typically, no mQre th<::lrlüne-quélrter to one-halt-mile
from tile site), or where there" a high likelilwod for
future service improvement. SUCll as an historic:; town
center or redevelopment district.
A Consult remediation experts if you
are considering a site that has been
contarTl inated. It may be best to avoid
excavating a site and leave contaminated soil in place.
Some r:ont(:lmin~~ted sites wi!1 be in;:¡ppropriate for
residential U5C if it is cost-·prohibilive to bring tlìern up
fa acceptable standards,
PLANNING & DESIGN. MEASUR~ OJ
-(J
I
Þ
/'
'"""':?'
",;~.:._~
--;:~'
~
Gl
Ç?2J
o
¡--r1
en
G)
--7
"""-
I'AGE 5
U
I
»
/'
-7
"'-
¿,
G)
I~""'"
\0:,,...-.,,,,,1
" ~.
-,
\_'
rïl
(f)
,---)
!..J
-~
"".."
"'~_.....
PAGE 6
1IIImDIJITJ---------------------------------------------------
Design DetaH~__
.--.--......-.----.--...-...---------..
Integrate the building and its site with the existing
neighborhood, Multifamily buildings" even it they
are high density, should echo or cornplemet1t the
neighborhood's existing development patterns. Avoid a
bulky or monotonous appearance by breaking down the
scale of large building volumes.
Identify ways to facilitate social inleraction, such as
creating pocket parks, plazas or mixed-use develQpments
(rl,~l1llinR & Oe$if.,(I; Mcii:;urc 02· .."Mixcrj-u~y"\ Dl'vl'lupmurrb I el2lrining &
lh~!)18'¡1: Ml'¿¡sure 05-Social Gathering Places).
Reduce onsite parking and minimízc the visual impðct
of parki ng structures (lor' .st(¿¡I~g¡¡)$ tv d()¿j{ wit/¡ palkifJ8, ':>cc
f'filrlnin¡; & Design: Measure 04-Design for Walking and Bir.yr:/ing). If
mature vegetation exists or is planned for the site, dosign
underground garages so they wiil not interfere with
root systerT1s.
Mc.trluel¡¡ G8teway Plaza-an infill development ;:¡d¡;:¡r.ent to the West
08kland BART :;t;:¡tion.
Code Considerations
.. ,.".,.--.
Policyrnakers tan facilitate infi!1 development by
designating appropriate 5ites for development, and
permitting higher-density development in target areas,
Parking ratios can be reduced at transit-friendly sites,
Support community planning processes that lead tQ
local area pians or master plans, Tl1ese processes help
a neighborhood articulate its vision for development and
c;:m lead to a k~5S contentious public review process for
specific development proposals, Neigllborllood plans
reduce uncertainty for the developer wilen they identify
desired comrnunity façilities and development types.
Considerations for Residents
-..-.-.- ..~.. ....--......--...-----.-..-..-------..-...-.-..-
Peopie living in inflll developments are more likely to
shop, work and play close to home, They will have
more transportation options and opportunities fat
social interaction.
PLANNING & DESIGN: M[ASUR[ 01
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
----_.._.._~-_._._....._.__., .. --.--------
IiEiDIIZI'.1 Inflll projects require additIOnal
_~ design time, because higl1-quality
~... de~ign i5 critical to gaining
community acceptance. Brownfield sites can have very
high cleanup costs, but some rnunicipalitie5 m~y be
wìlling to incur these expenSQS in order to encourage
development of neglected areas.
Municipalities p.ay nlore to provide services to suburban
development than to infill development According to a
recent study by the Natural Resources D~fen5e Council:
"Sprawl, the predominant pattern of land development in
the iast half-century, is fiscally inetticient because it can
inerease the co_r:;ts of operating and m(~inta¡ning ¡Jtifity
services, .. If local governments can signitlcantly reduce
O&M costs by growing smarter; they can increa$e levels
of public -5ervices and/or redllce costs, thereby reducing
financial burdens and increasing the quality of Ide for
their citizens. "
Resources
Ii" Local Government Commission publications:
"Design Guidelines for M u Iti'fami Iy HQllsing!' ~
www,lgc.org/treepub/iand lIse/guidel i nes/rmlltifami Iy_
housing.t1tml; and "A Policymaker's Guide to Infill
Development": www.lgç.org/bookstom/lancLusc/
publlcatlons/infi Ildvi pm nt, htm I
Urban Land Institute: www.uli.org
Northeast-Midwest Institute's "Strategies for
Successfullnfill Development": www.nernw.org/
infillbook,litrn
!¡ California Center for Land Recycling's resources on
brownfield redevelopment: www,çclr,org
Bank of Arneríca"·sponsored paper: "Beyond Spr;:¡wl:
New Patterns of Growth to Fit tl1e New California",
www.rut.com/misc/beyondSpr8wl.htm I
ACWMA MULTIFAMilY GREEN BUILDING GUmr::UNES April 2004
- ~ --- --- ---------------- -- - --
clippings on the lawn to decompo~e and feed the
soil); produce mulch from plant debris and compost
landscape debri5; prune, water and fertilize selectively
and judíciously; and use recyçled Content materials
or salvaged items in designing hardscapes. (PIi'lf1l1in;:;
i~ De5i¡;;I1: Me(i5ur~ J 3-Rer;vr./ing Collection, Planning & Design:
Me.asure l1-Recyclf!d Producis, wid ¡.IlJ·..fhx:ljimt'd MaterialS)
, Nurture the Soil. Remove and store topsoil during
construclion; protect tl1e soil from compaction; defend
against erosion; amEnd the soil with compost before
planting; grassc::ycle; mukh existing plarlting beds
regularly; aerate compacted soils: feod soils naturally
witl1 compost or compost tea; and avoid or minimizc
the use of synthetic fertilizers and chemical pesticides.
(f'lJnnirìJ;' & uesigl1; Me,isU/t, 10...' St(Jrnlwater M.=magAnlent)
Conserve Water. Use compo5t and rnulch to create
drought-resistant soils, select California natives or
Mediterranean plants; minirnize lawns; implement
hydrozoning (grouping plants hy their water needs):
design for onsite rainwater collection and graywater use;
install and maintain high-efficiency Irrigation systems:
in5tall ð separate rnet.er to monitor water use in large
landscapes: water according to ne~d· make every drop
of water count¡ and request an irrigation audít.
" Conserve Energy. Moderate building temperatures by
planting trees that provide shade and wind breaks;
reduce the heat island effoct by creating "haded paved
areas; shade air conditioners (but do not biock their
air flow); design outdoor lighting carefuliy; choose and
maintain equipment for fuel conservation; and specify
local prOdlJcts and s~jppliers. (Systems: MeaslJre. 14-Light
r'l)I/lIlioo HMvc/ion I Pla¡)r)ing & De$iRn~ Me8SUI"f:! 09-··G{)()1 Sitp.)
Protect Water and Air Quality. Use integrated pest
management to prevent and contrQI pe5t probler'ns;
eliminate decorative lawns that require high inputs of
water and chemicals: keep sail c':(}vered: ¡;h005e and
maintain equipment caretully; minimize impervious
surbces; pl~nt tree:,: amend the soil in beds with
~
,
;¡
:;;..¡;r..:..:...."'..~.:.........,_"...,
A '¡ibrant landsr.ape fosters pride among resid'.!rlb;.
ACWMA MULTIFAMilY GREEN BUILDING GUIDEI..INES April 20C4
.--------------------
COlnposl before planting; keep organic matter where
it belong" on the land, not in the landfill; maintain
irrigation systems; .;¡nd design a system to capture and
treat stormwater and irrigation runQff.
" Create Wildlife Habitat. Diversify landscapes to resist
disease and insect pests; grow California native pia nt,
to provide food and shelter for local wildlife while
bringing year-round beauty to the landscape: provide
w;:¡ter and shelter for wildlife¡ eliminate the use of
l..andsr.apes with native arid M¡¡diL8rr¡JtllJan plants require littlç>: or nn
irrigation onCE! Ç':st;;¡oli!;;hl;!rl and provide ¡:¡ sensi.:! ot th8 season:>.
pesticides by fostering beneflci.1 organisms to keep
pests under control: nurture soillìfe with mulch and
compost; and conserve or restore natur¿¡1 are;:¡:,.
Cofl~Ç()n§iº~!:.ations
Some communities Ilave landscaping requirement5 that
discourage or prevent environmentally sound landscaping
practices. Work with Planning Department 5tôff to
explore exemptions frorn t.hese local requirements,
especially during the Design Review process for new
construction projects.
(:()l1sideratiº!,!§ for Residents
Avoiding residents' exposure to pesticides is an
important benefit to occupants; children and pets who
play outdoors and carne in contact with soi Is and plants
are especially vulnerable. Pesticides are also easily
brought into the home and deposited on floors and
carpets via foot traffic.
A healthy, vibrant I~ndscape pre5ents a positive
image to the communìty and fost.ers pride among the
building's residents,
Composting.and other community garder¡ing efforts CÐn
erH:::ourage community interaction, and teach residents
about the effect of their actions on the local environment.
PLANNING & )E:SIGN~ MI:A:;URt. 08
"T;
..'
I
»
z
-;:J
¿:....
~-"~I
^,.'
~""""
G)
c::~\,:"
...1;.
o
fll
(J)
[,"'1
,w'"
z
PACE 23
-------~----
......."'"'""r
,
r""~.~"'"'
~L>
....~'""'::;1'
..'
.,,;;_.,-'.'
:;~~
,,"
";~":.,,-,
;.,,".
~-'
'-"l
....,."',
1...,/ I"
C.;"')
~~~:~::;
""~",."'"'
PAC E 24
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
œIiiDIlZZI Designing and constructing a Bay-
__.- Friendly Landscape ,does not have
~__ to cost morc, In fact, significant
cost savings can be achieved over time by, reducing
labor, water and chemical CQ5tS; lowering plant 105:; ;;Ind
replacement expense; reducing hauling and disposal
tees¡ and preventing or minimizing damage to fencing,
sidewalks and other hardscapes.
It Is important to find a landscape architect and
maintenance company that understand and can
implement the seven principles of Bay-Friendly
Landscaping,
Chp.cker!'ipCJi butterfly on native y~rrow pl:;.nt,
f'lA.NNIIIIG &. DESIGN~ MrN¡IJRI" ()!:ì
Resources
" ACWMA's Bay-friendly Land5capll1g Guidelines, "5
well as other ACWMA resources, provide Information
on environm~ntally friendly Ic.md~t:aping de:~ign and
maintenance. Search the Materials Database for
pmduct information~
www.multifamilygreen.org
(5101614-1699
UC':"'Davis Statewide Integrated Pest Management
Program l1as numerous online resources:
www. i pm,ucdavis,edu
California Native Plant SOGÌety hQ~ infcrrm:ltion
about native plants, www,cnps,org
" California Integrated Waste Management Board
provides information on resource-efficient landscaping
and links to rela.ted site$~ www.ciwmh.G¿:¡.g{)v/Organics/
Landscaping
> Sustainable Landscape Construction: A Guide to
Green BuiJd;nc OutdoDrs, by J. William Thompson
and Kim Sorvig, Island Press (2000).
Alameda County Water District offers bUSiness water
audits and landscape partnership" www,acwd.org
EBMUD Water Conservation Division offers free
commercial landscape irrigation audits, and irrigation
upgr;:¡de programs:
Email~wfrcserv@ebmud.com
www.~bmlJd.çQm
" Zone 7 Water Agency (serving Livermore-Amador
Valley) hö' tips for landscaping and 'irrigating wisely,
Go to www.zone7water.çorn/c(]nservi':lt!on.htrnl and
click on Conservation Connection,
ACWMA MULTI FA MIL V GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES N)(II ?(J~)4
--~-----
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
COOL SITE
Mitigate the Heat Island Effect
WHO KEY BENEFITS
\1 Devcloper/PM
,II
1"\:.11
..¡ Architect
..¡ Builder
1(::,'·:: ()
-I Sile Protection
ý Energy Efficiençy
".\',·}II-:l: I I:':':{
v' Mat~rial Efficiency
H::,!'..; ":11:::'
C\¿},'
Ý Resident Satisfaction
:1\1,1,:1,"
----.-..-.-..-.-...--..-
....----
DIVISION;i!~ Site Con;.;t.ruction
Recommendation
Reduce the urban heat island effect by:
" Using light-colored paving materials with
an albedo·' of 0.30 or grpater.
" Installing open-grid paving ~;ystprns,
" Providing shade with trees, overhangs
and building elements that covcrs 30%
or !"nore of all hard surface paving.
" Usi ng a Cool Roof (Slwel,,,"' "',,,,,ure 12).
'¡ubi soh~1 rl}ihx.:t;iir)l':e 0.'" .9Iht~r:ln"""""i.~ the Ability of "I mõJicr;i:.lllo rdll.'ct
heat ",woW from its ::;url'iJcl..' ¡lnd Ui¡CI< into spaœ.
DescrjQt.i.on
Paved surfaces make lip 30% to 40% of developed
urban areas, and c.ontribute to what is called the "heat
island effect." Little sunlight is reflected off dark asphalt.
so its temperature rìs:es far above the ambient air
temperi1tlJre. As a result, cities experience temper<3ture
rises of as much as 5°F above surrounding rural areas.
Higher outdoor temperatures lead to higher temperatures
inside buildings, driving lip cooling loads,
The most effective ways tD reduce heat are to linlit hard
5urface paving, provide shade and use light-CQlored
paving materials.
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUI )EI..IN~$ Api'll ;)0()4
Benefits
Cool sites reduce air-conditioning loads, improve comfort
and extend the life of paving materials, Light-colored
paving rT1aterials last longer than darker surface;; due to
reduced thermal expan,ion and contractIon, Citywide,
air quality is improved bcc::ause cooler air slows the
chemic:al reaction that produces smog.
Application
Cool site measures are most important in urban
environments where I.rge areas of asphalt and buildings
retain heat and increase temperatures.
Desi~n Detªi.ls,
The mDst effective way to reduce t!lcrmal pollutic)f1 is to
reduce paved areas, Paved areas should not be wholly
eliminated; children, for example, 5pend much of their
play time on pawd surfaces. Nevertheless, reducing
paved areas can result in lower material costs and
improved ecosystems.
COOL PAVING STRATEGIES
light-colored materials. Choose light-colored pavers,
aggregatcs or top coats, preferably with a reflectivity
of 0.30 or Iligher. Parking lots, 'oidewalks, roads,
driveways and other surfaces can have coating5
or integral cúlorants added to increase reflectivity.
Even light gray and tan colors may reduce surface
temperatures by 20 to 40°F, ConSider using light-
coiored concrete, or, If paving with asphalt. applying
a white aggregate as a chip seal layer, or a light-colored
surface coating such 35 (.I zinc-oxide slurry mix.
> Open-grid paving systems. install prefabricated
cuncrete or plastic paving systems. The openings
can be filled with light-colored gravel to improve
reflectivity. Alternatively, grasses or other groundcQv.r
can be planted in the openings to provide cooling
through evaporation wl1ile also retaining and filtering
stormwater on site.
Granite or crushed rock. Use: decomposed granite
Qr other cümpacted crushed rock i nste"d Qf asphalt
for non-handicapped parking stalls and walkways.
Gravel reflects and sheds heat bett.r than paving
and is preferable for stormwater management
because of its porosity (Planning & Design: Mv¿ $ure Jt}-.-
Stormwater M<:1fJ<Jgf:::fncrlO.
);- Concrete and concrete pavers. Standard concrete
mixes can be used to achieve a high reflectivity.
Choose nQnporous concrete blocks with lighter
colOl's, SUCll as light gray, beige or tan,
PLANNING & DESIGN: MfAßuRE. 09
U
I
»
::::"
Z
--;?
4.-
G)
;<0
o
rrl
( '~1
.1.,
G-)
/"
PAGE ,2S
-------~-----
U
r--
'--
.Y'
-,?'
.r.:::..-...
7'
"-,
-.-;:¡¡
,,'
.~-,
C")
ç>c,
"
,..--
, ,
~.-
!,T'
I'~ ",~.
'1",,,/
G')
--,
./
","-,
¡"'Am 26
Resin modified emulsion pavement. For developers
looking to try something new. these p">ducts are an
alternative to asphalt, They use clear binders made
of tree resins instead of petroleum products_ Light-
colored aggregates suspended in the resin as coloring
will increa5e refJeçtivity.
SHADING HARD SURFACES
Shade 30% or more of asphi3lt <3rcas to greatly reduce
surface temperatures. One of the best methods is to
plant trees, which provide shade and cool the air through
evapotranspiration. Here are some recommerldation5 for
shade trees (for œlatP.d information. see P/;=mninf. & Design, M(;i~SU(e
(Jf!-Lgllr1SG,gp!I)f{J:
> Calculate shading by estimating the diameter of the
tree crown after five years.
" Select trees that .ro appropriate for the site in terms
of soil type, water use and exposure.
" Choose tree. that will be allowed to grow to their
netural shape and size in the allotted space_
» Do net allow smaller-size substitutions after tile plans
have been approved,
" En'ure trees arc actually planted and that they are not
removed after planting.
Trellises and other architectural clements can also
provide shade U'J¡¡nrìinlj & lH:.~~lljrl: MO<J5ure 03-Building Placement
~l1d Orie.ntMIO(1), Covered parking spaces shade carS and
make a convenient place to mount photovoltaic p~nel5
(Systems: Measure 15-0nf'.ite FJ~r.trjçit:y Ge.nerMio¡¡),
Slrt:cb; with trees provinp. nMlJri'll çQolinp, 011 riot days.
PLANNING & DESIGN: MEASuRE OCJ
----------------------------
Code Considerations
", ,.~,.,"""'~.'.,.
Some jurisdictions may require that hard ~wrface
materials have a minimum ref!ectÐnce value to reduce
the heat island effect Some mUnicipalities may also
have ordinances 1I1at require a minimum number of tree5
be planted in parking lots, Check with local officiais for
preferred tree spec ies.
Considerations for Residents
--....--.--...
More comfCìrtablc outside environment, better air qualitYI
reduced car temperatures in parking lots, and marginal
reduction of cooling CDSt5.
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
œma COSt5 vary greatly, Äclding colorants
~__ and pigments to mixes of concrete
~~ arid asphalt doe~ nQt genera!ly
increa,. costs_ Changing aggregate colors is also typically
not expensive. Concrete is considerably more expensive
than asphalt. Resin modified ernulsion pavement is more
expen5ive than concrete in smEll1 quantities.
Resources
. "_.....~...,,. .._~....._.~.._.
California Energy Commission, Cool Strategies,
www.energy.ca ,gov/coolcom m u n i ty/5trätegy/
coolpave,html
American Concrete Pavement Association;
www.pavement.com
" LEED gUidelines for shading nonroof surtaces,
www_usgbc_org
" Lawrence Berkeiey National Laboratory's (LBNL)
Heat Island Group,
http,/leetd_lbl,gov/Heatlsland
» Building Green, publisher of Environmental
Building News, has information all cool sites;
www.buildinggreen.com
, Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPSJ
Best Practices Manual, Vol"rn. II-Dcsign, has
details about cooi Sites, www.cllpse.net
ACWMA's MatOrlals Database lists products that
çorrcspond with this measure;
www.multlfamilygreen.org
ACWMA MULTIFAMilY GREE:N BUILtHNG GUIDELINES M'" ' ;)(Jí:4
-- ~ ---------------- ------ -- - -- - - --.
STORMWATER
MANAGEMENT
Strategies for Retaining and Treating
Runoff Water
WHO KEY BENEFITS
v' Developer/PM
I '~I:'" I:::.r::¡
Ý Site/COrìHrlurÙty
i,' .',\' ¡::i;ï0 ·:!r;
..¡ Water Efficiency
:1\:·'
" I :: ' '~) ,:·1 ,~ ..
.¡ Architect
v' Builder
\\:!::~~F" ' i':,J'I'''1
h'~'"
V O&M
I, :'.~I ì,,' I,
Ý BlJildir¡g M<:Jn;:¡g~r'
'!'"i\:";:'
. ..------..-..----------
o2GM: Storm Drainage
Recommendation
,..,"""',_·'_·__W,"·_,,'" ,'........,.,. ,.""._._'.___.____
Design permeable pavement surfaces and
treatment systems to control storm water
runoff and minimize pollution,
p.!!sc~ip.til)n, ,.
. ..---..,.....-.-------
In an average undisturbed landscape, only 15% of
rainwater leave;:; the site through surface water runoff.
More than one-tllird moves into th~ soil where organisms
break down and naturally filter pollutants before the
rainwater reaches groundwater or :5urfar.e waterways. As
land is developed with buildings, parking iQts and nther
impervious surfaces, two major changes occur;
» More 5t~mTlwat~r rUn5 off the site. On developed sites,
as much as 70% of all rain and irrigation water flows
into waterways (via stann drains) without moving
through soil.
The soil supports less rnicmbiallife and is Jess able
to filter harmful chemicals out of the little water that
moves through the soil.
Watershed quality decreases rapidly when the tntal
impervious area exceeds 10% of a .site. Pollutant load
also increases. One acre of parking lot, for example,
Gollec:ts as muçh a$ four g¡:jll(]ns of oil, gasoline and
diesel fuel each year. When rainwater runs off the
parking lot, these pollutants end up In our waterways,
Other PQIII,¡tant~ include pesticides, fertilizers, pet
waste and suspended sOli particles from poorly
vegetated ground.
Steps can be taken t.o increase stOrm water retention
on site, which reduces runoff and pollutìon (. nd help5
tilter and treat stormwater. The first step is to minimize
impervious surfaces through landscaping practices
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES April /[)04
.p - - - - - - - -
and using pervious paving, Another step is to design
teatures into the site that channel runoff to swales.
porous surfaces and holding areas (f'h1t1ninp,& DesiP,lJ: MAFiSIJrP.
DB-Landscaping). Another strategy is to install systems that
filter and treat storm water as it leaves a site.
Benefits
Increasing porous surfaces decreases runoff and
protects the health of watersheds, creeks, wetlands
and other bodies of water. Reducing runoff improves
soil healtl1 because it retains vaiuable topsoil onsite.
I~ctaìning rainwater on ,site reduces runoff and filters
pollutants. Downstream engineering costs may be
decreased as wel L
Application
... .-.-----....--.-.--
When building on undeveloped sites Igreentieids), design
the site. so that storm water rates and quant.ities are not
increased from predevelopment levels. Runoff from
the development IS either absorbed Or cöptured on site
throllgl1 porous paving, bioswales, trenches and pond.,
With previously developed sites, plan for no net increase
in runoff rate and qu¡:¡ntity, or ideally, a net decrease
of runoff post-development Storm water treatment in
urban areas typically includes proprietary treatment
systems beçau~e of limited space far natural filtering
and separation.
Design petai!!.
,..''''.-..-''-----.
Planning fer appropriate stormwater retention and
treatment should be done as part of an integrated design
proce5S (~p.p. fhp. introduction to these Guidelines). Consider the
building location and the surrounding environrnent
carefully because they greatly affect stormwater
generation (N"lnnin¡:; & DI'!.'iign: Measure 03-Building Placermmi ¿md
Ori&{I/üliofl).
To lessen stormwater impacts on w'1ter:.h~ds, reduce the
flow Irate and quantity of runoff), and provide treatment
through filtering and ret.ention.
MINIMIZE IMPERVIO,US SURFACES
Typical ¡lOusing projects have 25% to 50% ímpcrviQUS
slJrfat:es, or more. In most cases, alternative surfaces
can be used that allow rainwater to soak in. MarlY
porous surface options also reduce tile heat island
effect (Plf/!lning ,¡;. Dp.sign: Mp.a5lJrI'! 09-Cml Site). Some
recommendations are:
» Keep impervious surfaces to a minimum. Use porous
$urf<':Jces, including permeable paving, and maximize
landscaped areas to encourage infiltration. Asphalt
and concrete for parking lots and drìvcw¡:¡ys çan be
formulated to be porous although they may require
more maintenance than traditional paving choices.
PLA.NNING & DESIGN; MEA~;l.IRf. lD
u
r-
Þ
-;7
,.
~-,
.......".
/
"'--
-."
¿
r-)
W.
!~
.'<~
o
1'1
(j)
G)
~,
~.:::::..
1'A(~f: 27
-------~
~-~~."
, I
....1>
~~'::?~
,:Ji.._
-"?t'
..r~~~:~"~,,
--:.~
"
...:;..,..,-
(-,
....J ./
/~'-.....\
:<~"'-'
:~'''''''''''''''''I
\-.-'~
[T""¡
r(!
~, ,
. "..'....')
!..J ,
...'..."~.,..
~,':..,
I'A(,¡ 28
- - -. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Note: groundwster contamination issues from vehicle
fuel and other pollutants must be considered, An
experienced pavement engineer can assist with
pollution controls, soil testing and proper design,
Use crushed rock, gravel and mulch instead of hard
surfaces.
» Install open-grid p~:lver5 with low.·growing grdlJndcDVer
(P/¡¡nnin¡;r & Desif,n: MtilS'we 09· Cool Si/rj),
» Avoid contiguous imperviOU5 surfaces ~Q that the
Irlaximum amQunt of runoff water has some contact
with soil bofore it exits tbe site.
" -~-_..~-'~'--~--~".._..
1.4
~ ~~
.,f;Ì' ð:'¡
1;,1'1"'1,'
; ¡': ':~:",
Swi:\lc~ mIJ ùttfiJctive landscape features that ¡¡b!'.orh Ancl filr!;!r !7ot¡")rmwfjtp.r
rurlOft, reducing pnlllJtinll.
PLANNING & DESIGN: MEASURE 10
bioswales, In dense urban areas, 1::In alternative to porous
pavement is a vegetated swale system that feed5 into a
storm drain, such as is used in some parking lots.
Finally¡ consider additional treatment products such as
o¡¡¡grit separators Dr oil/water separat{)r5 for removing
pollutants from stormwater.
Code Considerations
,. W'___~"__~'_,"",,,.,,_ _~_~~'~"".._.~~~
Water detention features such as pond5 may be a
ConCern where children are pre5ent. Local municipalities
may place nt;W restrictions on storm water discharge:
check the latest regulations.
Considerations for Residents
""..~.''''''''''''''"-''"
Residents may benefit from attractive landscaping,
increased property value, and protection of local
streams and waterways.
Cost & Cost Effectiveness
- _.......~..._.,"_........,"_... . "'..~._.__._.._._---,-----
m:iiI:Il:EI:I Pervious paving surfaces can cost
~.". more ~han hard surfaces, but can
~__ 50metlmes reduce costly stormwater
treatment systems,
Proprietary treatment produçt~ reqlJire regular
maintenance and are more costly to operate than
nonmecllanical systems such as swales or ponds.
Green roofs are potentially good for saving energy and
giVing a project a unique look, but are costly.
Resources
" ACWMA's Bay-Friendly Landscaping GUidelines and
Materials Database,
www. rnultifami Iygre~n.org
¡¡. Center for Watershed Protection: www.cwp.(}rg
" Environmental Building News (Feb, 2002), article
on treatment systems: "Cleaning up StQrmwater:
Understanding PoillJtant Removal from Runoff",
www.blJíldinggrer.n.com
Start at the Source: Oesign Guidance Manual
for Stormwat.r Qu.lily Protection. Describes
techniques and considerations for tile planning and
design phase of development projects. WWW.ci.sêlrl
lose .ca. usip Ian n i nglsj pia nleo II nterlstormwater I
startatsource,Planning & Design, Measure!
~ The Concrete Institute provides information on
pervious concrete and clay ~Qi Is~
Tel: (916) 722-2035
ACWMA MUI.HFAMIL.Y GREEN aUILDING GUIDELINES April 2004
--~----_.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. "
ENERGY STAR"'-
CERTIFIED HOMES
AChieve ENERGY STAR~ Certification on
Low-Rise Buildings
WHO KEY BENEFITS
.¡ Developer/PM .¡ Health/lEQ
1'1;::,( "0,., , 'ï~ Ii: .
Ii ::::1.' 'n.:,~I',::::~ .¡ Energy Efficiency
.¡ Architect ,i'¡;:';¡:'1 ", ,(' I~;I'L
j BUilder v M,:¡leri¡.¡1 F.ff¡c::ienc::y
" ~ ;,", ,.. . v O&M
': 1\.1'1:'1":, , .¡ Resident Satisfaction
.¡ ENERGY STAR"
Recommendation
-..--. ..,~..._,," -.--., ,"'~,-_._..,. .. ,----.
For low-nse developrnents (three stones or
less), design a nd construct Ilomes that beat
California's Title 24 by 15% or more to earn
the ENERGY STAR'" certification. Pertorrn a
tllird-party verification of energy savillgs by a
c:ertitied Home Energy Rater (HERS),
Buildings consisting of four or IDore habitable
stones are not currcntly eligit11e for ENERGY
STAR" certification, Desigrllhese buildings to
beat Title 24 by 15%, and take advantage of
free diagnostic testing by PG&E,
Descriptio"ll
--~",.. ,""" ,..,,"""
ENERGY STAR" i$ a Joint program of the U,S,
E.nvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the
U,S. Department of Energy (DOl), It is a voiun-
tary prograrn that strives to reduce greenhouse
gas erni55iong through energy efficiency.
.
..
ENERGY STARQ'J certification is givEn to homes designed and
tested to perform 15% better than Title 24. 'fo partiCipate
in PG&E', ENERGY STAR" New Homes program, homes
in the Bay Are. mil'! re,,"ive a third'Pdrty Home Energy
Rating System (HERS) verification. HeRS verification can be
obtained through two providers recognized by the C"lifomia
Energy Commission (:iCI) RI..':i(Jun:Q$ iJclOW).
During a HERS home inspeçtion, the rater will:
» Perform construction and plan reviews
" Check duct sealing with a duct-blaster test
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GRE.E.N BUILDING GUIDELINES April 200-1
'" Test for envelope sealing/reduced infiltration through a
blower-door t.,\
Verify ACCA Manual-D duct design
Verify refrigerðnt charge and airflow measurement or
thermostatic expansion valves nXV) on 'I'I It system
cooling equipment
Multifamily hou';ing projects that meet the ENERGY
STAW~ certification criteria are eligible for additional
funding to help offset the ~IERS rating costs and
increased efficiency measures.
Benefits
The primary benefit is reduced utility costs and
Increased comfort. Another benefit is higher quality
construction, a result of exceeding minimum
construction standard::. with air 5ealing, increased
insulation and high etficiency equipment.
Other bencfít$ include reduced greenhouse gas
emissions, a result of using more efficient, 5m¡:¡lIer
heating and cooling equipment. and saving natural
re,:sQurces through advanced framing.
Benefits to the builder/developer include improved
resident/owner satisfaction I higher construction qllal ity
control, and ENERGY STAR- marketing tools and co-
promotional advertising opportunities,
Application.__.______
 ENERGY STAR'" is applicable only to low-ri.e
(three habitable stories or less) mUltitamily
buildings. Buildings must be individually
metered fa receive PG&E incentives for HERS testing
There is currently no ENERGY STAR" designation for
high-rise residential building"
Design Details
eNeRGY STAR" certification efforts generally focus on
five categoric::> of building energy efficiency:
CATEGORY ACWMA GUIDELINES MEASURE #
Redl.Jl:€:!d
air infiltration
Tigl1t ducts
Improved
i[)$LJI~tion
Systems 10 - Advanced Venti lation
Prac:tir.f!s
--~...,~,.'.........~..~"..,.'..
Systems 09 - Duct Effectiveness
Structure 09 - IrI5uli:Jtiür)
Structure 05 - AcJvanced Framing
¡)f;!;igp
Structure 13·, High-Performance
Wi r'1 döw~
FrH:!rgy-~ffir.i~r11
windows
Encrgy-efficient
heating arid
cooling equipment
-- ,...,-, .~'~--~-'_...-
Systems 03 - High-Efficiency Heating
System,fi 07 - Avoid Air Conditioning
Systems 08 - Higtl-E.ffícier¡c.;y Air
Conditioner
PLANNING. & DESIGN: MEASURE 11
I~
"",j
'I--
I,
:Þ
"...""
-;::>
L-.
"7
~
---
i.J )
c:>n
,.(-
o
rrl
(/)
(7)
-::;:>'
oiI'~
PN.:¡f 29
- - - - - - -1IZII!Ii.IIJIJ- - - - - - --
--':-",1
"...1
,
'-
.....þll
......_~
./
¿::-...
'_WH','.',,'
""
.¡~'"
::;:::
c;)
t·,~·-,
".....,,}
,~
¡--)
...........'
f"T1
rn
~, ,~
(~"i
.~,"; ".¡
..~"""~:;:!
,."
":.,,''',",
I'M,!' 30
-------------------------------------------
Integrated Design
The design team can make ENERGY STAR~ certification
a central part of the green building 5trötegy by utilIZing
an integrated design approacl1, This can increase energy
efficiency while sirnultaneCHlsly reducing Gosts for
indivídual measures. Suggestions include:
, Onent buildings properly to maximize solar gain and
nalural ventilation (PialJnll1gl¡: DP.5ign: Mp.R~lir~ OS-Building
PIFir:A.I ~¡¡t find OnÓ)tJlir)(1),
"i> Limit windows on the east and west walls to cut
morning and afternc)or1 heat gain in ~ummer, änd
reduce heat loss in winter (~)$lr:m)s.: Mt:.'i1SurO O]...··}'i.'l$s¡~rJ
Solar Heating and SY¡ ?-DayligMing).
, Use advanced framing lechniques t~lat place studs 24-
inches Drj,·center and give greater insulation values to the
wall ¡:I55cmblies (Structure: MeJ:;UI~()5 1lai/<'Il1ædFt<'IminrrDf.,i:;ign).
, Specify sealed combustion furnaces Witl111igh
efficiencies that improve indoor air quality (S~tAm5:
Mf!¡¡.~lJrf! n3--HiP.h·Fff¡çiençy Heatinp,).
, Include non-ozone depleting refrigerants in high SEER
c:ooling equipment (Svstems; MeiìSure 08 H:f,I)'Efficiel1cv Air
Cu¡¡diilOnr=r with Advanced Refrigerant).
.,., Downsize onsite energy generation needs (photovoltaics,
microturbines, solar hot water heating, etc,) by
improving insulation, equipment efficiencies, lighting
and more (Systems: MA3SUrf! ,1 5-0n.~itf! Electricity Generation).
Code Considerations
".--""". "'''' .,.
lNCRGY STAR" certification is based on achieving a
level of efficiency above code requirements. In California.
buiidings three stories and under fall within the
residential v""ion of ìltle 24.
Buildings four slories and taller fall within Tille 24's
commercial/high-ri:õe residential buildirlg requirernerlt5,
and are not eligible for ENERGY STAR"""' designation.
In 2005 the Title 24 energy standards will be revised to
include higher levels of energy efficiency. The impact on
EN ERGY STARoo ratings under the 2005 standards is not
yet determined.
Considerations for Residents
.--.--... ".,....
People living in an ENERGY STAR" home will benefit
from increased comfort and lower energy costs. Heating
and cooling of the rooms will be more uniform. High-
performance windows will keep heat out in summer,
while duct sealing and ventilation 5trategies will help
maintain good í'ndoor air quality.
Pl.ANNING & DESIGN: MEASURE 11
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
".'''.''~. ... ..".'.',' ,.. .. .-,........,.-..- . , ,~."" . ., '.,'..'."...,...,.""
E!DIIIa.'II ENERGY STAR·-<:ertified homes
~~ have tighter building envelopes,
~&. reducing the need for heating and
cooling, and thus reducing operating costs.
1'0 ensure that systems interact properly, some review
and consulting in passive solar design and energy
simulation will probably be necessary. This should be
part of an integrated de~ign prOCC55 to maximize benf.'fits
and reduce first costs,
The Cost of a HERS rating varies according to whether
the rater perfQrm=.; visuQI inspection5 or d iagn05tiç
testing, for the ENERGY STAR" program, one model
in eacl1 building must be tested: subsequently, one-
in-seven sampling is possible. Ratings done using tho
sarnpling rnethod cost about $150 per unit. However, if
tight ducts or TXVs on air conditioners are used for Title
24 or ENERGY STAR" compliance, then all units must
be verified, increasing costs.
For multifamily projects in PG&F territory that meet
ENERGY STAR" criteria, the fallowing Incentives are
available to l1elp offset consulting and diagnostic costs
(check Wlnl PG&E for program changesL
Low-Rise (3 stories and under)
Builder: $50/unit (up to $6,000) for HERS inspection,
Arcllitect or "tie 24 Consultant $40/unlt (up to $5,000),
High-Rise (4+ stories)
No ça=.;h incentivC5. Inspections are available free of c::harge.
Resources
ENERGY STAR" Homes: Tel. (888) STAR-YES
www,encrgystar.gov/homes
" California Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency
Standards, www.energy.ca.gov/title24/index.l1tm I
" PG&E ENERGY STAR" Homes (for diagnostic testing
and program changes), Tel" (800) 342-7737
email;newhomes@pge.com
www.pge.com/res/energy _tools_resou rees/erne i en C
new_hames/i nfo_for _bu i Iders
" PG&E multifamily energy efficiency training classes,
www.designingforeffic¡ency.com
California Multifamily Housing Consortium:
www.soiinc.orglmfconsortium.htm I
» HERS providers recognized by the Califcmia Erl€rgy
Commission:
California Home Energy Efficiency Rating System
(CHEERS), tel. (800) 424,3377, www.CHEERS,Qrg
Certified Energy Rating & Testing Services (CaICERTSI.
tel (9J 6) 987-9444. wwwCALCERTS.com
AcwMA MUL'tU=AMILY GRËËN BUILDING GUIDE:LlNE:S April 20011
- - ~ - - - - - - - ,,--_.
MOISTURE SHEDDING
AND MOLD AVOIDANCE
Avoid Moisture and Mold Problems
WHO KEY BENEFITS
.¡ Develuµer/PM .¡ Hoaltl1JIEQ
.¡ Furlder " :'1 '1'-::)," I"; ~ ; ,.', ,
!"'r [,' "'ici(::1"I
.¡ Ardlitect ,'{·r;!. ¡:t';
.¡ Builder ',,';.','1,:"'1";;1
. ~:::; : (:; í'~ I ' ' .¡ O&M
,1;1:',''1 1',,:1 ~! . I,'" .¡ Rcsident Satisfaction
r \ ¡ : : : , I : : i ~ ; : , : : i ", "
..._.,..".,--_._._"----~.._._-_..__."..
DIVISION 7: Thermal Moisture and Protectiürl
Recommendation
_~,.''',~, ,on.."... ... ..._
Take precautiolls to prevent the intrusion
of moisture thmugh the exterior ellvelope
alld to thoroughly exhau~;t rnuisture from
bathrooms alld kitchens,
De_~c: r i ¡>ti 011,.", ___.___
In5\all drainage planes on all wall surtaces, with tlex
wrap around all windows and doors. Help ensure that
moisture drains away from buílding elements by properly
5bingle-flashing all windows. doors and joints.
Provide sufficient ventilation in kitchens and bï::lths.
Benefits
..-.----.-.--..-
Most major building failures and can5tructiDr! defect
laW5uits are related to water intrusion into tl18 buildinis
walls, ceilings anri flc)()r~>. Water intrusion can lead to rot,
mold and mildew, and may eventually result in ~truçtlJral
and health problems, Most of these problems can be
avoided by taking the appropriate mEaSlJreS during
design and construction.
P.~ation
All buildings.
ACWMA MULTIFAMILy G.RE:EN B.UILDING GUIDELINES ApriI20()4
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. -
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
Design Q~Jails
 It is prudent to have a waterprQQfing
consultant review all flashing, waterproofing,
roofing. and door/window sill details, 'I he
consulting fees will be a fraction of the cost of
remediation if one improperly designed or installed
detail allows water infiltration. The construction
documents can specify that the contractor will hire a
consultant and notify the owner/architect of any details
thot require additional review. Most contractors are
willing to do tblS, since it con reduce their potential
liability for water infiltration problems.
DrClirl UUII(jinf,
~~~/'~~~ÙI
L_,.", I~
[1t
. n.. _~..."=:
D(81tJ [_; ¡ :( -.:- .,t.... ~~. ~ Drain
Ground l!:¿r'(-)("1c' _¡ S~-13~- -) oUr ,_;0 - \ ( ;(- Ground
Drail1W¡¡!I
To ~l~lp prevenl rot aM mOld, def,iHIl And r.QnstrLJer the building::;o UlõÜ
moisturi.: dri:lins ijW~Y trOr'r'I builchng el~ment5.
SIDING AND FLASHING
Be vigil<3nt during construction to ensure that there
ìs an appropriate moisture drainage plane behind
the siding and over the ,heathing. Thi5 may be
accomplished in a variety ot ways depending Qn siding
type, Typically, OSB sheathlFig is covered with a house
wrap or felt paper.
Sheathing
Buildirl.$ ~\.1µÚr (¡jr~in'~f.e Dlan~)
PLANNING.& DESIGN: Mr ^:;W~~ 12
-I]
r-·
»
z
_/
-:7'
""--
GJ
Q;:,
o
!11
(/)
G)
7~
~
PAGE 31
- - -- - - - -1IE!IiIIIJÐ .
()
»
-:7
"-
---;7
""--
7
--
/'-,
!oJ ,_
ç~
.-
\",-.,)
f""Ïr
t ,l)
"_.,' ..
..........\
'i. ~
"..) .'
--..."
"r'"
hl~:':_,,,"
PAGE 32
Pan flashirlg options
for window and door
openilìp.!)in f!";:In1!:!w:;¡II!;..
'1! Take special care wittì windows and doors to ensure
that moisture behir1d the siding runs over the window
fla5hing and drains to the exterior,
ROOF AND EAVES
Extend the eaves at least 2 feet ovor walls to reduce
the intrusion of water on the walls, windows, doors!
and at the wall~eave intersection.
» Design roof surfaces with a positive slope and shed
water through g\Jtters and dOWns.pollts away from the
building at grade,
Siding installp.d such th:;¡r
2 in. minimum ~,r:;¡çe
exists b~tw~en end of
5ioinp; and ~lopinl{r(Jor.
SidinR end (;ut~ ~c<:lIe¡J
Adhp.5ivl:! mernl)r<~r)e
~,trl ) fl\iShinr; undcr
rJormel' roofli'lf, )¡.1Pcr
;:.n(! ulìder IYI<:1in rool
mofillF:p:3per
Rigid In~ul<lliün
dri.1H!i..1gc plane (joints
t<lp~d or sealed)
,£. )
~:Z==
., "I' / m_
¡~·--·-l-'~~
ROü1irlg pi.1pCr
driJlrl¡:¡g¡: plarlc
installed "shingle
fashion"
r~oofil"lp; paper turncd
up at (Iorrner
AdtUJ::;ivc r'rlelnbri.1rIC
strip ::;ui.1lirlg :>t8[J
fl¡:¡::;~ling to rigid
insulation w¡:¡11
drainage plane
Step fI<J::;~lirlg . woven"
intw!:ihingles
PLANNING & [ E5IGN~ M~' ^SUIH 1;;
EXHAUST FANS
7> If fan~ are 100Jd, residents may not use them or
may even disconnect them. In bathrooms, install
exhaust fans vented to the outdoors with low sone
motors to reduce noise nuisance (look for ENERGY
STARoo_··labeled exhaust fans). Exhaust f~n.5 ~hould be
connected to moisture sensors (humidistat) so that
they operate whenever moisture reaches a certain
threshold_ With quiet Ions, re.ident. will barely
notice this technology (lOt mutt un m8t:f!émiC:CJf vr:mlib!iun, ::;~'c
System_~: Measure lO-Advance.d Ventilatinn Practices).
, Exhaust kitcllen 110ads to the outside, not the attic.
Kitchens produce a lot of moisture tl1at can be
detrimental if not properly ventilated, In high-rise
buildings, this can be ç¡n expensive upgrade because
it may require a l-hour fire rated shatt to be run
vertically through the building.
Code Considerations
Designing for moisture shedding is standard practice;
making sure It gets done properly requires diligence and
some upfront design time.
Considerations for Residents
.....~.,., ,.,.. ,.."..-....---- ................,... ,.. -.-..--
Water intrusion is one of the main causes of fT10ld in
buildings, M.ny fOrm5 of mQld arc not harmful, but
some are toxic to people, especially small children, The
best way to ease concern about mold is to avoid creating
f:Qndition5 where it ç;m grow.
To avoid costly repairs and potenti81 health problems,
instruct occupant5 to look for early signs of mold Or rot,
and to immediately report water marks on drywall and
plumbing problems.
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
œI!iIIlZZI Most moisture shedding and mold
~~ avoid.!:HlCe techniqu~s are low Dr
~__ no cost: they merely require proper
detail specifications by the architect and attention to
detail by the builder during construction. Proper care
during construction is much more cost cffectíve than
having to remove roof or wa¡1 aS5emblies to fix moisture
problems like mold or rot.
Humidistat controls on fans cost about $100 each
installed. Low sone (premium motor) fans cost
approximately $70 to $100 more than stand"rd fans,
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN 6UILDING GUIDELINES Aíjli' 2004
---- ~ - - - - - - - -- -- -- - - ---- - ---
... -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .
8!!~Q!J!ces
" Energy and Environmental Building Association
publishes the Moisture Gontrol Handbook, Their
website also has articlc5 about water managemenL:
www.EEBA.org
Tyvek has an online window installation guide and
Ilouse wrap information~ www.tyvek.com
. Building Science Corp_ offers detailed articles
on moisture and drainage plane issues:
www.buildingscience.com
" U.S. EPA has a website that addresses moi5tlJr.
çontrol in buildings. It focuses on schools but has
applicable Information for mlJitifamily housing,
www.epa.gov/iaq/schooldesign/moì.5tureCQntrol.htm I
. ACWMA's Materials Database lists products that
correspond with this measuro:
wWW.r'T1u Itifami Iygreen .org
ACWMA MUL..TlFAMII..Y GREEN aUU...DING GUIIJEUNe:S April 200.-.1
PLANNING & DESIGN; MEASUR[ V
-c
¡-
Þ
/'
",,-.
7'
.~-,~,
¿
(-
:..I,
;¡'2<
C
rr
C,I
--"
h.J "'
.,"
.¡¡;::;;~
: 'A[~E 33
- - - - - - -I!I!I!IIII:JIJ - - - - - - - - - - - - .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -, - - - - - - -. - - .., - - - -
u
~
I;
»
./
__'T.
L
/--:
G)
~)
C}
rn
(,l)
Gì
"
~I
..::...
PAGF 34
RECYCLING COLLECTION
Make it Convenient for Residents
to Recycle
WHO KEY BENEFITS
..¡ Developm/PM
!.:,
:1,
~I Architect
:'1;1
..¡ Resident
v' Building Manager
Ý Material Efficioncy
,¡ O&M
...¡ Resident Satisfaction
:'¡'I,::I""
. --....-....-- ...-..-"...-..-.........---
02870: Site and SUee1 rlJrnishinl?,S
Recommendation
---..
Provide convenient facilities For recycling
collection within eacil unit and easy
access to the building's cenl:ral recycling
bins. Make recycling and garbage services
equally easy to use,
Food waste recyclirlg is new in many
Ca I iFornia rn u rllci pa I ities, Design m ultifa ITI i Iy
buildinW; to accommodate tood waste
recycling irl tile future.
[)E!~_cription
Recycling ShOlJld be as easy as throwing out garbage,
but multifamily Ilouslng is rarely designed to facilitate
this. Long walks to bins Or poorly designed çol!eçtian
areas <:Ire comnlOn barriers to recycling, Residents may
b~ unaware ot recycling opportunities because they
have little or' no cor1tac:t with the wa~t~ C:::Qmpany. Often,
the wösle bill is paid directly hy the property manager,
Frequent tenant changcs can make outreach a cllallenge.
Thus, prc)per design of collection areas is critical to
making recycling easy, sanitary and useful for residents.
Benefits
-...--..-.-...,..
Recycling reduces the amount of Illaterial cntering
landfil!~ .and can save money tor building owners through
reduced disposal fee';.
PLANNING 8< ~ESIGN¡ MEASURE :3
Application
All multifamily developments,
--...-..-...--.......... .... .--.......-
Desi~n Details
Most resident5 rref~r to recycle if it is easy. Design
recycling infmstructure to include mixed paper,
cardboard, containers (metal, gl<::lss, plastic) and possibly
food waste and other ()rganic material. Use simple and
clear slgnage, Recycling bins should be distinct from
garbage bins.
SIZE OF CONTAINERS & ENCLOSURES
Garbage and recyclirlg companies will provide carts, bins
or hath. The size and number of containers depend on
the number of people or units in the project and the
frequency of collection,
For once-a-week collection (the norm)¡ 1:1 rule of
tllunlb is to provide 1/4 cubic yard uf capacity for every
three residents. Th¡~ r.an be a mix of garbage bins and
recycling carts or bins, with "bout half tile volume for
garbage and half for recycling,
Bin sizes vary, but the typical footprint Is 7-feet wide
and 4-feet deep. Most 64-gallorl c1:Irt5 fit in a footprint
LhaL is 32x30 inches 2Hld 42·inch~:; tall. Bin:; and
carts typically have hinged lids th"t must be rolsed.
Take care wilen designing spaces for bins and CéHls
since they Can damage low ceilings. Space is ðl.~O
needed to walk among the containers anel shift them
around. An are£! that is 150o/() of the sum of bin and
cart footprints slwLlld suffice,
OUTSIDE THE BUILDING
Locate recycling containers nei:ir ga.rbage bins sÒ
residents can rT1ê1ke one trip to dispose of recyclable5
and trosh, Work with the city and the waste, hauier!
recycler to vcrífy that enclosures are accessible to their
trucks. Considerations include:
Locating containers beneath buildings, whicll is often
done where underground parking is available, can
pose serious difficulties for the collection company.
Some trucks need a 40··feet minimum tlJrning radilt;
;md 20 feet of vertical clearance to e.mpty a bin.
Driveways tl1at slope down to t~le garage m8ke It
difficult to handle containers, requiring drivers tu roll
out containers, anri inc:::rea~,ing the risk of injury or
property damage, Many haulers cl1arge substantial
extra fees in thes.e situations.
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUII,.DlNG GUI0EI,.INE~ ^rJrjl :!(X)4
--~-- -,- ---- -- -- - - --,-
In complexes with exterior parking lots, the typical
practiç~ is to provide walled enclosurcs for bins and
carts, A well-designed enclosure will have,
» Sufficient turning radius and vertical cletlrance to
empty a bin;
» Suffjçient space to move among bins and carts:
" Lever-style door handles that can be operated with tull
hands;
» Wall space for ínstructional sign-3ge;
" Smooth floor that can be swept or mopped;
» Wheel stops near walls to prevent damage to walls;
Adequate lighting to read signs i::H1d sorl materials¡
I.> Properly enclosed or sealed containers to limit pests
and theft; "nd
Located so tl1at noise! odors i:H1d truck exl~aust won't
be a nuisance to residents.
/¡;:¡i;:i¡~::T\·"·~":;"'.-J'~-'"~~~~' i',j¡:': ~T_"~/~~'"~""·"'_·'-"·'~""""_·~~-~·-I'
:,':::>i;;;t.,:{ ,J ":,:;;!! 'if,¡::", ~:~::(:}~,'.,
,,'~,",',,',ørD. '
:,¡,i',.':t.,:,..",." :,,',<' ,
, ':I,lr",',~""<r,,,,.~~:it'":¡¡:Îî,¡il"",iIffi,'-,, ,
' ::,:;"',:-':-,,' ~,;, ,;..\....~:';,.~."'...!r.'.
'~... i1".~"'~. ~. ~ ...:.~J ...~~,.~:,\
-C' .,."". ., ". "" ,'"", ." , , .'"'~"'","," ..,,,,.,,.>:,:~!::-: I
~I'~':~·":~I~!·: - ,'.... ~ ~!;i
,¡Iii'
!I" :':"il,'
""il
Provldlflg CI¡;[e~~lt)iE~ Slji:\Ce for rec:yc:ling r.ollectiürl will !.::rF':;lJur'~ge use
INSIDE THE BUILDING AND UNITS
In all areas wtlere residents will he emptying recyclables
and trash, pnwide durable and easily clr.anable surFaces,
and keep the areas well·,maintained. Dirty or unsightly
recycl ¡ng and trash collection stations discourage people
from using thern and élttract vermin.
Collection inside the units. Try to provide a single
dispos?ll ;jrea for garbage and rccyclablF.:; inside each
residential unit. Provide at least one 18-íllch bin for
reeyel ing, and preferably one bin for each type at
rCGyr.I?1hle rrli:lterii:li. Locate bins in an açcessible place
but shield them frorn view so they are not an F.yesore.
.,., Kitchen storage. Small kìtchens require c.reative
storage solutions such as drawers, tílt-out bins, or
pull-out shelves. Some bir"; have lids tl1at close
automatical1y when a cabinet door is clc)sed. Corner
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUilDING GUIDELINES April ;:1))4
______________v·_·______________··,_____
cahinets and under-sink storage are gDod solutions
because. these are often underused spacc5. Consider
offsetting sink plumbing 50 there is more storage room
under ~ink5. For corner cé:lbinets, a spinning rack can
be space efficient. Label or color-code bins, e$pecially
if they are not easily visible.
>I Chutes. Developrnents of three or more stories often
use chutes to convey garbage from each floor to .
ground-floor trash room, where it lands in a metal
bin. Chl~te5 keep stairwells andelevatms cleélner. The
bins in the tr..h rOOm are either wheeled tQ " pick-up
point by maintenance staff Qr rolled to the coliection
truck by the driver_ Spills in the collection roornS and
near the chutes are inevitable, so use durable, easy·,tD-
clean wall and floor finishes in these areas.
The best way to maximize recycling in this situation
is tQ provide a separate chute for recyçlables_ Locate
the trash and recycling chutes side by side for
equal accessibility. Clearly mark the recycling chute,
"Recycling Only," In jurisdiction, witb single-stream
recycling, all recyclables may be mixed together and
easily handled with" .ingle chute, In jurisdiction5
that requlle recyclables such as paper and plastIc
to be separated, the number of chutos may become
unwieldy. One 5Qlutiorl is a carousel system such as
that sold by Wilkinson Hi"Rise (www.hir:.com).
Consider Instaillng sound installation so tbat the
çhutes are not a nuisance. Chutes stwuld be as
straight", pos5Ibie to reduce the chance that waste
will get stuck In a bend,
MAIL ROOMS. LAUNDRY RODMS AND OTHER
COMMDN AREAS
It is important to have recycling and garbage containers
in common areas, SUClì as the mail room and laundry
room. To prevent identify theft, recycling in mail areas
should idealiy be behind" wall with a slot for acce55_
In laundry areas, large plastic detergent bottles and
cardboard boxe" require space tor Imge cart, (96-gailon)
or a way for maintenance staff to keep empty carts
ne?lrby for exchange.
BULKY WASTE
A5 ten~nts of multifamily building5 move in and out.
they often create a large volume of bulky waste, suell as
cardboard and discarded furniture. Provide information
to flew and departing tenants about how to recycle waste.
Designate an area for cardboard recycling, änd provide
tenants with a iist of lacoi material drop-off faciiilies and
~,tores tha1 accept donations of hOllsehold goods.
COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES
Consider collecting bottles and cans that IlaV8
redemptin[) v81ue to tund community activities.
PLANNING & DESIGN~ Mr',ASURE 13
L
r
Þ
,
¿
.,....~:¡
"-
¿
c:
Qc
C
rT
(J,
G:
¿
=-AG( 35
- - -, - - - -1IZ!I!!iI!I:JÐ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -
U
r-
).::==11
.7
--
--;,""
..~::..._~.
"
¿~
/,,--,
l' I
.....,: '"
C)a
,-'-
¡
......-"
!T"¡
('"'-
....../ ,J
G)
-;?
~_,
1'^(3[ 36
COMPOST
In the ruture, waste ha!)lers will likely offer curbSide
Food waste composting service, but it is currently only
offcred in a few cities. Plan ahead and include space
tor a separate food wasle compost bin in t.he garbage
and r6cy(:ling enclosure, For tllC greatest convenience,
consider designing kitchen counters with a lidded chute
for compost collectIOn,
Community gardens are a good place to actively
encourage composting, Building projects in Alameda
County can Cont;;ct ACWMA far specjal pr¡cing on
compost bins.
Code Considerations
- ...--....."."..--."...-...--.-...
In California, state regulations require cities to divert
50% of waste 'frorn the landfill. In AI;~meda County,
Mea:;ure 0 5~tS ß higher standard, cE:lllíng for 75% waste
reduction by 2010,
Local policies ¡¡:¡nd regulations may-suggest or require
thot property owners provide space for tenants to
recycle, Clìeck local requirements to determine de.5ign
implications. Some cities have ordinanccs about
enclosing or reducing the vísíbility ot garbage Ðnd
reçyçling containers,
Considerations for Residents
. ..."._-,--
A well-organized recycling program can improve
residents' attitudes toward recycling, It's important
to provide instruction to residents Ðnd staff on proper
recycling procedures. Compo5tirlg in a community garden
tosters social irlteraction.
PLANNING & DE.slG.N: M!:.A~;lJIH 1:1
- - - - - - - .. -
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
BDIIa Hecycling can save money
~~ tor building owners. In many
~-'- jurisdictions, it is less (;05tly to
recycle than to rJi5pose of Wí:lstr. as trasll. By provicling
well-planned space for recycling, the owner can enable
tenants to keep disposal costs down,
Chute sY5tem5 add cost. but íncrease participation in
high-rISe buildings.
Resources
. --,. ^'"..,.,-.
ACWMA provides information on recyçling,
cornpost:irlg, and more. SeP.lrçh the' Materials Database
for product Information,
www.multifam ilygreen.org
(510) 614-1,699
California Integrated Waste Management Board has
statewide resources on recycling and composting;
www.ciwmb.ca.gov
ACWMA MUL'rIFAMILV GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES ^rr':', ;!()¡)4
--~
'" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
---".--------------.
RECYCLED PRODUCTS
Close the Loop by Specifying
Recycled Products
WHO KEY BENEFITS
j"I'
,..,1:1
I""
1'1 "',1
I''''''·
ý Arc!¡itp.c:'l
.¡ BUilder
·",1'"
Ý 8uilc.ilr18 Marl~)8!:!r'
i"
..¡ Material Efficiency
..-.-."..-."...-....--
I
_______..1.__
0l601;l~ PmdlJC'.t R€'!quiremÐllts
Rec()IllI]1~!1dation
Specity products containirlg the highest
available percentage ot rccyclccllTlaterial.
Look tor the highest postconsurner
content possillle.
De.~criptiO!1m_
Recycled-content products are increasingly Gor'nrnon in
tile construction indlJ5try. Examples include rebar, steel
beams and studs. concrete aggregate, carp~t, rubber
flooring, p.artir-Ieboard c':Hld MDF, drywall! countertops and
insulation. Tllere arc two typ~.5 of recycled content, post-
industrial (also called preconsulllcr), and postconsumer:
» Post~industrial/preconsumer waste. Many
manufacturers use waste from industrial processes
to make new proeJucts. for cxamplp., sawdust from
lumber rnills is used as a feedstock for other building
product" 5IJch ." MDF, HDF or particleboard, Rousing
manufacturing waste often costs IC5S than using
virgin material5, and it makes good tinancial sense
for most manufacturers, Specifyillg products with
post-irldustrial recycled content typiC::Jlly does not
h~lp reduce waste going to landfills or help maint;:3in
municipal recycling progr<:lms. For these reasons,
specify products with post-inrllJstriäl ret;yclec1 content
only if poslconsumer content is not avail~ble.
::¡ Postconsumer waste is material recovereel after a
produel's Llsetul lite has ended and the product IS
ready to be di5cerded. Recovery IS tYPically done
through curbside collection programs, Materi"ls are
thcn rcfincrl into reeJstock for new products.
AcwMA MULflFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIf.IEI..It4ES N~r'11 ;>0;)4
Benefits
Buying products with pDstconsumer recycled content
l'ielps the environment by r.ducing tl'ie need to extract
and hörvest raw materials and by red'Jçing landfill
depo5its, Products made with recycled content
sometimes provide superior perforrnance compared to
virgin products¡ benefits may include gr€i:ìler durability,
I~ss maintenance and reduced cost.
Application
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
The fo!lowing table lists constnJC;tion products that are
commaaly availabie witl1 recycled content. Typical and
hlgl1est achievable p.no.otage, of recycled content
are shown.
CONSTRUCTION COMMON HIGHEST
MATERIAL RECYCLED % ACHIEVABLE %
Recycled aggregate
Flyash in conr..:rel~
Rl¡btwr flooring
Carpet commercial
~o PC
15 PI
65 PC
50 PC backing
25 PC f~(:€:!
50 PC face
:>90 PC
60 PI
90 PC
90 PC backing
25 PC face
90 PC f~(;~
55 PC
60 pC
Carpet - re~ (~I:!r1tial
Ceramic tile
Steel fr(:Jrf\ing
Insulation fiberglass
Insulation .-. cellulose
Paint
2ò PC
25 PC
25 PI
90 PI (paper)
50 PC
20 pi
85 PI
>25 PC
90 PC (paperl
/" PC
75 PC
85 PC
-.."..........,..,...---
B¡:JthrDom partitions
! Wood fiber product::;
(MDF, ete,)
PI = p()s\-irldlJ::¡1rial; PC.:... postconsLlmer
FURNISHINGS AND MAINTENANCE PRODUCTS
Continue to buy recycled products after the project is
oçcupied. Encourage tenÐllts and maintenance staff to
purchase r~çycled paper towels, garbage bags and outdoor
furniture, for example. Include information on products
with high postconsumer recycled çontent in manuals
and trainings (Operations & M2IU)/V(){lrjœ.. Me,gwri;! ()]) and in
educational signage (Operations & Mclirllc{J¿~næ; Meðf.UI'e Q?).
f'LANNING & DESIGN: M[ASl,Ifìl: 14
. -- - .- - -. .- -
-í'
,J
r
'"
p
.
,.,/
'"?'
L_
Z
G'J
,-'
\",)Ç
;'"",
C'
rï'
'-r-
V.,
r'
U.·
Z
PAGE 37
- .- .- - .
IJ
I
:J>
Z
Z
-;:::;>
""--
G')
Qc
o
rï]
U)
C)
/":
PN,,[ :38
- -1!I!!I!IiDI:JÐ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --
Desi~n Details
. ..-.-...-..--.-..". . _.._~ .,~ ~,~~~.,_-_,,". .,....~_.._.
. Include language in specifications requiring specific
recycled-content levels for products, When possible,
provide product name5 and contact information,
. Specify products that contain 11igl1 postconsumer
recycled content.
Give preference to those products that can also be
recycled or reused at tt1€ end úf their useful life.
Obtain samples and test their performance. A
Any product--·nrecycled or not..·····that has to
be repi"ced often or performs poorly does
not benetlt the project or the environment.
For more information on recycled productsr go to
ACWMA's wCbsite, which 11as Environmental Purchasing
Program guidelines and links to other resources
(www.multifam ilygreen.orgl.
~-i"'-=
I
I
,t··,1
" ';",",. I
"';:,1, '"
"lIC,Xi
~';"~"i'·'L;_~!:c2:rc:_~.~___~,,:~~:_.__j
~'I~sti(: COI1l~osit¡¡ lumber made from recycled plastic and wood ru1p
!ljrl(:Liu(¡~ <I::; trim detail at the EI Paseo Studios devell1pmellt in Sr.1n .Jo!".f!.
Code Considerations
Alameda County passed baliot Measure D that sets a
goal of 75% waste reduction from 1990 l~vd5 by 2010.
Recycling "nd purchasing rocycied products helps meet
th"t goal by increasing the market tor recycled products,
Considerations for Residents
----------..-...-. .-..
In genera!, residents wontt be able to distinguish
recycled-content products from products made wit;,
virgin materials.
Check ÐII products for potential odors, air emis~¡ion~, and
rnaintenänce needs to avoid indoor air quality problems.
Some products, like recycied rubber flooring, may emit
unpleasant odors (for a discussion of product emissions Manrlards,
$¡X; FifJI!jf!US & Furnishings: Measure 05-C3tpeting).
PI.ANNING II< DESIGN: MEASURE. 14
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
I::D:EDIIIZI Most recycled...çontent prodlJcts are
~~ c:ort1petitive with o~ ¡~ss expensive
~__ than comparable virgin products.
However, some recycled-content products cast more.
These are typically high-end finish materials, 5uch as
recycled glas5 tile, which usually costs considerably
more than ordìnary ceramic tile, M~instream products
such as insulation and carpeting have very little Or nO
c05t difference,
To reduce or avoid disp05äl Casts in the long-term,
choose prod <Jets that the manufacturer will take back
~t the end of the product's life (c¡:i!ing tile and carpet are tWD
examples, see Finishes & Furnishings: MeaslJre 05-C,irpe.ting). A¡~o
consider donating scraps or ex.tra material (¡ ¡m~~I)es &
Fumi.,hings! MARS/H'e 08... r~f.GI[ ¡me.(/ MM¡!(¡¿¡W),
Resources
-.----.-.....-.-".,.-,
ACWMA provides information about buying recyoled
products, Search the Materials Database for product
information, www.multifamilygreen.org
California Integrated Waste Management Board has a
searchable database of recycled-content pro,ducts,
Tel. (916) 341-6606
www.ciwmb.ca.govhcp
State Agency Buy Recycled Campaign (SABRC):
www.ciwmb.ca .govlB uyR eeye led/StateAgency
LEED Reference Guide tlas inforrTlätiorl on how to
cälculatE thE amount of recycled materials in your
project:
www,usgbc.org
Green Spec, an online pradlJ(-::t directory pUblished by
Building Green, li,ts building products witl1 recycled
content:
www.greenspec.com
Oikos lISts products with green bUilding attributes,
i ncl udi ng recyc led content~
www.oiko5.com
ACWMA. MUL.TIFAMIL.Y GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES April2ÛOl\
--~-------
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
------------------
ADAPTABLE BUILDINGS
Design for Accessibility and Future
Changes in Technology and Building Use
WHO KEY BENEFITS
ý Df!vf!loper/PM
~ - :" I
":'c¡:::".',¡ ;,/,,'
Ý Architect
Ý Builder
ý Resident
'../ Building Manager
Ý Healthll EO
v Site/Community
, H" \, f I : : : I r, ~ ' "
\'",'""
..¡ Material Efficiency
Ý O&M
VI Resident Satisfaction
,,1\11 'Ii'.,;;;'
..."'...--...-.-."...-
------.-.---.......--........--...-....
DIVISION 1: General Requirements
Recommendation
Build so tllat access for disabled people may
be expanded and improved in the future
Design for technology upgrades with
convenient cable pulls and electrical capacity,
Design for flexibility, and con~;ider m"kirlg
ground-tloor space adaptable fm rnultiple lIses.
Description
Multifamily buildings accommodate people with a
diver~e range of [leeds, including aging or disabled
(permanent or temporarily) re5idents. Also, over the
course of a building's life, residentsl needs may change.
And in mixed-use blJilding5, the need for retail or otller
commercial space may change QVF.r time.
It can be costly 10 renovate a building to accommQdtlte
changing needs. Waste can be minimized, and money
saved, if buildings are designed with future adaptation
in mind. Future changes c£ln be simpler and more cOst
effective when planned for early in tile design proce55,
Benefits
.......----
Designing for future adaptability will reduc" costs
significantly when changes or renovations become
necessary. Adaptive design also minimizes waste
associated with occupant or technology changes.
Finally, it can increase a building's longevity.
ACWMA MULilFAMllY GREE:N BUILDING GUIDELINES !Ipri: 2004
Application
Useful for all new deveiopments, especially those wltllout
Inng-term restrictions on occupancy, or those in urban
environments where use is more likely to change over time.
º~!igr1_petails
UNIVERSAL DESIGN
Universal design incorporates a range of accr.s5ibility
fei3tures, frorn easy-to-lIse door handles to adequate
lighting to elevator. "ornpliant with the Americans
with Disabilities Act (ADA), It i5 not strictly limited to
deSigning for the elderly or disabled: instead It focuses
on providing increased accessibility for all occÙpants.
Univer5al design strategies were incorporated. in the
earlllen Avenue affordable hOlJsi"g project in Livermore,
Cal ifornia (.~p.P. thp. CÐse study ir! Un~Sr:.' Guidelines), .Th e
architects designed roughly 50% of the development
to be fully wheelchair acce55ible, The other half was
designed with adequate door clear¡:¡nces, low thresholds,
and elevajar access so that disabled peopie could
visit any unit with relative eii3se. This will allow future
development, if needed, to be fully ADA öccessible for
a reasonable investment.
Strategies for flexible accessibility in"lude,
, Minimize the number of hallways and structural walls
inside units so tlley can be easily altered.
~ Place. a bedroom and b;:¡'lt1room on the lower floor of
mUltistory units.
> Allow for the possibility of creating a 50-Inch turning
radius in bathrooms, kit.chens and srnall areas: make
an adjacent wall nonstructural or çreate a storage area
in an adjacent space that could later be adapted for a
wl1eelchair turnarOlJnd.
, Provide biocking in bathroom walls to accommodate
grab bars In tile future,
» Design roll-in showers to provide easy acçp.ss far
people in wheelchairs.
Anlpli7! ~t¡¡r¡:¡ge and an aperl ilom ~I<HI allow for fle)(ible u~e (Jf
thi:. etudio unit.
PLANNING & DESIGN: MEASURE 15
l"J
I
»
Z
-."
-,-
.:;,.....
-~
~
C)
\0'
o
!Tl
en
C)
-;7
""'-"'.
?AG[ 39
--'--"
1..)
I
»
/"
--
-.71
"'::..:;...._.
'''~~';:::{I
~
,.-~,
L;)
Ç?o
CJ
III
(j)
G)
-";.ill
..'
.IC;.,_
PA(.;F 40
~---------------------------------------------------
ADAPTIVE DESIGN
Adaptive design refers to designing ö building so that
as it ages, it. can readily ¡¡:¡ççommodate technology
upgradcsr changes in use, and other modifications that
mayor may not be foreseetì. Significant alteration::;
might include additions to projects, such as a second
phase of construction or c1dditional units. In cases where
future development on the site may OCCllt', consider
clustering buildings i:lí1d focus on building upward
instead of oulwärd. Building up rather than out saves
energy and building materials; it also reduces the initial
development tootprint, which may allow tor tuture
expansion (for mDffl abnut site design cal1.sirip-rations, sp.e PI,:;¡nning 6:
Design: Meawl"f'! (13·-· R¡¡ildil).'{ f'f;¡œmen1 ,~11(/ Orænt8tkm).
If 8 project include$ retail or commerçial 5pace,
anticipate tllat the use may change, Keep floor plans
open, and eliminate awkward spaces U1at could not
read ily be cor1Verted to re5iirlenti¿¡1 use later. Also,
consider the,: reverse: Residential uníts may eventually be
cQnverted to commercial use.
I" "II adoptive designs, tile ability to preserve finishes
whenever possible is desirable, Selecting durable,
detachable¡ long-lasting materials wil! reduce waste and
replacement C(}~t5.
Dimensional planning is one way tc) keep opticn5 open
for future build-out ilnd expansion. Buildings that
are constructed Oil 2- or 4-toot modules can be more
easily adapted, with less wf.1ste from demolition and
reinforcement.
While it is not usually an option, sometimes preserving
an open portíon of a site, in lieu of complete build-Qut
now, can aid future expansion. Consider clusterirlg and
slacki"g u"its to leave '. portion of the site available for
later infill.
DESIGN FOR TECHNOLOGY UPGRADES
As communication technology changes, It'S likely tllat
cabling and wiring systems will need to be upgraded,
Integrating data cables¡ LAN wires and fiber optic~
tllrDughout the späces will help meet hJture need~¡,
even if not "sod currently, Adding sutficient power
outlets and telepllone Jacks will further allow for
tecl1llological advançes.
Some green building features may not be financially
viable on a por!:cular project today, but can be planned
for to make It more cost effective to add them latel.
For example,
Pre-wire for'photovoltaics_ Run COndlJit to the roof,
l.eave space in a mechanical room for inverters and
other equipment.
" Pre-plumb for solar hot water. Run pipes to a potential
hot water storage location.
PLANNING &. DE$ QN~ MEASURE If,
Code Considerations
--...-. --.--.--.---...--.----.-....'''.-.......''
"......----.-..--....----
Consider possible scenarios tl13t could affect occupancy
or space usage in the ne<3r future, including pe,:riQdiç city
or county general plan amendments and local housing
regulations. Also, look at zoning population projectiOrl5,
planned re5identi~1 development and other demographic
indicators that identify future growth patterns, before
deciding on future adaptation goals,
The Americans with Disabilities Act guides accessibility
design for all developments, Extending ADA de3ign
strategies to Illore areas !llan required does not affect
code compliance.
ütller strategies mentioned in this measure should not
affect t:ode cDrrìpliance.
Considerations for Residents
Residents will be able to lJpdate their homes with new
technology. Perhaps Illost illlportantly, accessibility
teatures may allow them to stay in their IlOmes ionger
than might be otherwise p05sible. Residents wìtll
temporary injuries also benefit from accessibility
t'eatures. And features slIch as wider door clearance
make life a litt.le easier for everycme.
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
~IZZI Planning for futlJr~ adaptation
~~ at the beglnnlngof a project is
~~ an Investment with long-term
savings and quality-of-life benefits, Upfront costs rnay
be incurred for additional design time, accessibility
consultants, and changes in materials, handles, fixtures
and wiring.
Resources
North Carolina State Universityts Cente:r for Universal
Design has many u5eful fe~tlJrcs for adaptable
hOlJsing= www.de5ign.nC5lJ.edu/clJd
AARP has information on universal desigrl:
www.aarp.org/un i ver~a I home
)¡ Trace Center College of Engineering at the University
of Wiscon5in M¿¡di50n has compiled universal design
guldeli nes, www.tmcecentel..orglworldlgen_ud.htm I
» Home Energy Magazine Online Ilas £Ill mticle on
clustering homes, "Design Secrets for Affordable
Efficiency" (Jan/Feb 2000): www.horneenergy.org
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDËuNI::S April ~;(K)4
- - - - - - - - - - .-
- - -. -.. -. - .-. --
BEN EFITS
MEASURE
....._".._""."'_..
01 C&D waste management
02 Efficient use of construction mat@rials
03 Construction IAQ management
04 Ha.zardous materials and waste
KEY
CONSIDERATIONS
-. -. - - - -
-----
PAGE 2
SIÏËWOIilK
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
This table lists the Guidelines' Sitework meosures "nd their primary benefits
(see the individual measures for details).
i ; i ,
, , , f
, I I , ~
/ A " ~ '.:/ ~ / if,
, P' I ,rf{., h' I 11/i' I
C' / ~ / Iß / ,g " Il::-" "
g¡ ¡ ¡;::.$"¡'$-¡ ~ 14;,
.$,'= f oiS I f.ç, ~ '
;;:;- , ~ I é ' !t-. ' !.. '
I' .k ,1 I " t " I ,;
q"4:i,'~/~/
{. +.(... {
-.I.: ~ ",. :
.1.1 l
" ,
I 1 ./ ,
" ,
'I ,
./:: : V-
I 1 ·-f
" ,
",... 1 1 v' I ..¡ I
J L ..._l.. L
./
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
·1""
,
,
.L..
, , ,
, , ,
, _,1;', ,
/ ¥ "l:- /
/..J/~/
;' f.:j / .}..,GoJ /
/ ,l¡ " I;j "
~ ; .:§ , ø '
<y/qf/~/
, , ,
....,.. ( (
1 r '
, , '
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.r
,
,
,
./
M. Iterla Effl(:iency~ ReLÌuce5,
reuses and/or rú¡;y(;lcs ITli:.'Itúrii.Jl:s
th\ìt mip,ht halfi':! othetvJ/i~!': end!;!d
up Irl landfills, r8duc~s m~l~ri<ll:s
n~!;!ded to çOfì~tru(:.t Qr OPer¡¡te the
building, andiar uses materials
pr'Oduccd in' a Wðy that lYIinlrniLe~
environmeTItal damage.
O&M: Increases building's
durability, and/or reduces
operating and maintenance
expenses.
Resident Sati:sfaction~ Saves
re!)idents J1lQnf;!Y anc;l/or improves
tesidsnts' qU<Jlilycf lits.
,
,
~~-~~~~~~~-~~~~~~-~~~----~~~~~-~~~~-~~~~~--~-~
~N~RGY'S'fAR.: H~lp~ ¡jdlieve
ENERGY STAR~ for Homes
~!;!rtifi~ation.
./
He¡1lth/l~~ r~eLÌuces indoor
pollutants, prorT~otes better
indoor envirQnment81 quality,
and/or provides upportlJnitie~
for improved public he(lltll,
$ltelCommunlty: Protects land,
wat.er and air on and near
site from pollution or other
environmental damage, uses
n1(Jni~i[1F.1I infras~rlJdLJre more
cHl(;lcntly I)V redeveloping
building or site, and/or provides
impo¡tant and needed amenities
for the surrounding community.
Energy Effic:ienGY: Reducer:;
buildin¡;; energy consumPtion,
WIHer Efficiency: f(educes water
l.l~e in building and/or I)n !';ite.
CODES
Many jUrisdictions in Alameda County and throughout California
require a minimum of 50% construction and demolitIOn (C&D) waste
recycling, and some city and county ordinances mandate that a C&D
Wi3ste Management Plan be approved priQr to obtaining building and
demolition permits. The California Integrated Waste Managerrlerlt Board
has also adopted a model ordinance that requires a range ot diversion
r¡:¡t~s from 5070 to 75~"Io.
.. .,,- -"'..
ACWMA MULTIFAIIIIU.Y GREEN aUILDlNG GUIDELINES April 2004
·.. - .- .- -- -.
.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -
F·'·''i',~~.2:::"_..",."_,:.~'-_..;;''"____,---'
('.(\n~rl;!te. from çon~trLJçti!1n and Ql;!molition
praçtir,Æ!;'. i!;'. çrlJRherl 8no turnl;!d intD recyi::led
I!ggregf!te.
With trends in the Bay Area and other regions toward tighter control of waste and
pollution, it i5 likely that these regulations will remain in force or even become
more stringent in the future. Following ACWMA', ,ecommended practices will
help developers and builders stay ahead of the regulatory curve. It can also help
enhance their reputation among stakeholders, including funders, building officials,
subcontrador~, worker$ and residents.
BAY AREA RESOURCES
ACWMA provides extensive information about C&D waste management.
Resources include a model wa$te management ordinance, and a specifiCøtion
Section 01505 and waste management plan for recycling C&D debris, ACWMA
also publishes the "Builder's Guide to Reuse and Recycling, A Directory for
Construction and Demolition Materials." To obtain these publications. call (510)
614-1699 or go to www.multifamilygreen.org.
SCHEDULING
Some of the5e sitework measures require particular attention to 5cheduling. For
example, a construction IAQ man¡:¡gement plan (Site work.: MSiJSUr9 03), spells out
appropriate 5tròtegies for minimizing construction-related IAQ problem$. The
plan wi II often specify that porous materials like carpet and furniture should only
be installed after finish materials such as paints and sealants have cured, and
that carpeting and furniture be a:red out before in5tallation. The plan may also
require the contractor to schedule a preoccupancy flush-out of the building's
interior to reduce the potential for post-occupancy IAQ problems.
SPECIFICATIONS AND CONTRACT DOCUMENTS
In the Bidder's section nf the project summary, include the required diversion
levels of const,uction and demolition (C&D) waste. Also, include language in
the specification Section OJ 505 r~quiring C&D diversion. Contract documents
should specifically state the role of each party in the construction waste
management and construction indoor air quality (lAQ) management plans, from
architect to .ubcontractor. The documents should clearly hold a respon.ible party
accountable for failure to meet waste management and pollution prevention goals
(~ee the individual measures in tf~is s8c::tion for derails).
COST
Some of these procedures may increase COSt5 initially but save money over the
life of the building, An IAQ management plan (Sit"""" M..,uro 03), for example, will
likely result in additional labor and time to develop and implement, but if il is well
executed it may result in fewer call backs, and may extend the life of the HVAC
system. Training staff on procedures for handling, use and cleanup of hazardous
materials (Sltework.. Measul"e04J cQn add tirrle but will reduce potential liability. Some
alternative, low-toxic materials cost more initially than standard product. bul
result in lower disp05al costß and a healthier jobsite and home,
Other practices add little or no extra cost. Creating cut-piles for efficient mat.rial
us~ (Sitework: Mea!iUr8Q2J, for instance, requires minìmal training (.Ind labor, yet offers
significant savings in material costs and dramatically reduces landfili fees. With
the availability of mixed C&D recycling facilities in the Bay Area, implementing
a C&D waste rnanagement plan (Sitowor/l.: Moasure 01) requires no more labor than
standard industry practice,
-. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
. ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
SITEWORK
'·'A{~f' 3
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY' GFU:'I::N BUlllJlNG GUIDELINES April 20CH
ROLES AND
RESPONSI 81 LlTI ES
on _ _. _. .. _ .. __ _. ._ _
¡'>A(;F 4
~ITEWORK
- "- -. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Policymaker and code official. Adopt a C&D Waste Management ordinance in
your community (::';tc tlìú Code Consider~tion~ ~ection of Sit~ork~ Me~~(Jrp. 01).
Delleloper and project manager. In bidding and construction documents,
clearly define requirements, roles, responsibilities and accountability. Project
meetings should include regulii3r di$cussion~ about wa5te management and
IAQ goals and progress, and should include all relellant parties, including
su bcontractors.
" Architect. Some doveloper> will use an architect to draft the construction
IAQ management plan (Sitewürk: M(!<!::>ure 03). Architects should be familiar
with materials that reduce IAQ problems, such as lowNOC product,. They
should also list products that have potential for causing problems, and offer
control measures for handling those materials, The architect should callout
requirements that might affect scheduling, such as requiring salvaging or
deconstructíon (Sitewo(k~ Me¡¡~l,Ir~ 011 Also see the Specifications and Contract Oo¡;urnerlhi
con.¡:idp,ratirm!¡ above).
Builder. The builder is the primary party accountable for carrying out the
sitework measures. Responsibilítie5 include tracking and documenting
quantities of waste produced and diverted, developing metllods of recycling
debris; training personnel; conducting salvaging or deconstruction ¿¡divities;
and implementing an IAQ management plan.
Ends and cut-pieces of joists. siding,
fr8min¡;:rmd other builoing materials are
stockpi led for rl;'.l)!¡e Qn thi$ jobsite. Pieces
not lIsed are donated or recycled once
t;ùí1~lru(;tlún I:> complete.
FOCUS ON SITEWORK:
Tile Breaher", at Bayport
At the Breakers at Bayport, a community to be built In Alameda by Resources
for Community Development (RCO), the architect incorporated ACWMA's model
specification 01505 for a construction and demolition waste management
plan. The arohitect and developer reviewed the plan's implications with the
contractor. The material recovery facility in nearby San Leandro is currently
achieving hrgh job~ite recycling rates from mixed construction debris boxes, so
the project will divert at least 50% of con~trlJçtion and demolition waste.
1& (earn mofP. ai)fJ(Jt this project, see the Breakers at Bayport CiJse study.
- -. - - - - - - - - - - - .. - - - - - - - - -
A.CWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUII.DING GUIDELINES Aµril2üü4
--~-------------
- - - - - - - - -
.. - -. - - - - - - - - - -
C&D WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle Waste
Created at the JObsite
'WHO KEY BENEfiTS
..; D8Vel()p~r/PM
./ Funder
../ Policymakcr
v' Architect
,J Builder
I,
1":'li'.:1 .,.., I""
; L:.· il!~,:i ,-,~,,,:,
VI Site/Community
[:.]
,\,;',:" :: ::~ I" ~ ,',)
v' Material Efficiency
)¡'j,J;:
" I',,! ';', : ~.! ;':! I'
''''t'iF,:I:':i'
0l505~ Construction & r>erì'lolition W¡:' stE! M¡:JnfJgernf!nt Plan
Recommendation
-'---'-"_.,--~_....._".-."
Identify the types and estimate quantities
ot waste generated at the jobsite. Divert
at least 50% ot the construction and
demolition (C&D) debris from landfills
by reducing, reusing or recycling waste
generated at the jobsite
If possible, exceed this recommendation
by diverting at least 60% to 75% ot C&D
waste Iron·1 landfills. Where lélcilities are
locally available, divert 100% 01 asphalt
and concrete.
Description
Construction and demolition debri5 constítute abolJt
21 % ot the matenals in Alameda County's landtills and
about 30% of lhe wä5te 5trearn staLewicJe. C&D waste
generally con5ists of wood, drywall, rnet¿¡ls, CCHlcrete,
dirt, insulation, cardbo8rcl and more. Much of thí5 waste
can be reduced, reused or recycled.
A C&D Waste Management Plan 15 a crucial component
ot managing waste during proiect demolition and
construçtion, The plan should fOGUS on the three R's:
reduce, reuse and recycle.
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES Anril í!(J()4
Benefits
-~-',..,,',-""'''~'.-
C&D waste management conserves natura! resourccs
and slows the rate at which iandfills reach capacity, It
can aLso :;ave contractors mOrley by reducing waste of
purchased matørials and by lowering di$posi:l1 fee5.
: ~
<~'.
,'~:'~:.'
~Qp'liç_ª!i9n
Applicable to all new construction, renovation and
demolition projects.
·"~H'
, '
.,/1"'-.
'''''''11:":'''<
..,","""'"
Design Details
Project Specifications. !nclude the required diversion
levels in the Bidder's section of the Project Summary.
Also, include language in the specifications section
01505 requiring C&D diversion (see www.mullifiJmilygrven.org
Iur A(.wMA':;' Section 01505), Be sure the contract dc)curnents
huid a responsible party accountable tor tailure to meet
the waste management goals.
Jol.Jsil~ rtJcycling bins.
C&D Waste Management Plan. Require the contractor to
devclop and implement 1::1 C&D Waste Management Plan
(~(:X' wV'IW.rrlUlidJrm/ygtetn,off{ for ACWMN5 $er,tion 0 l.riG5 Mode.l Plan).
This plan will tYPically require tile contractor to,
Check bìd packa.ge ¿¡nd local jurisdiction to determine
contract requirements.
, Include a good-faith estim"te of "öch type of
construction waste that would be created if no
diversiDn occurred.
SITEWORK~ Mf,ASLJR£ Qj
PAGE 5
- - - - .-
-~-----------,
Develop means and methods for reusing and
recycling debrIS, usually through separating some
types of debris, delivering rnixed debris to a mixed
C&D reçovery facility, or a çornbinatiofl of both. This
includes contacting local recycling facilities and
haulers to identify required terms and conditions.
Train onsite personnel to implement the Waste
Management Plan before demolition or construction
begins.
~ Furnish copies of the plan to all onsite supervisors,
eacl1 subcorÜr<:jctor, the Owrler and the architect.
» Document the results of the waste management
efforts, including the type and amount of waste
reused or recycled.
Scheduling and compliance. For C&D waste management
to be most effective, the iSSlJe5 must be <:jddre5sed
In Design Documents phase of a project C&D waste
management can disrupt construction sequencing if,
for example, a project inçl~Jde5 demolition and there
are salvageable materials; scheduling should allow
far salvaging and deconstruction activities, Require
contr<':lctors to çover the required Wa5te Management
Plan with subcontractors ín pre-construçtion meetings
and to include contract language requiring that all
subcontractor:::; comply with the plan. Consider imposing
fines Or other penalties for f¡:¡il\Jre to comply with the
w;;Iste mðnagement requírements.
Code Considerations
Many jUrisdictions 111 Alameda County and throughout
California require a minimum of 50% C&D debrIS
recycling. City and county ordinances often mandate
tl1at a C&D Waste Management Plan be submitted and
approved prior ta obtaining building and demoiition
permits, ACWMA's model C&D ordinance, as well as a
list or citie~ in Alameda County with C&D Drdinances, are
available at www.muIWamilygreen.org. for code issues
outside of Alameda County, check with your building or
waste rnansgernent. department.
Considerations for Residents
No effect on oecupants.
PAm. 6
SITEWORKõ MEASURE 01
.. - -- -- - - - -. -. - - - - - - -
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
miiilEI'D Planned management of C&D
~~ waste has been proven to reduce
__~ the amount of material delivered
to landfills and reduce project costs due to decreased
material disposal fees,
Labor costs and jobsite logistics. With the Bay Area's
large number of C&D recycling f;:¡cijities, including
mixed recovery facilities, implementing a C&D waste
management plan isn't difficult.
If the jobsite allows for mUltiple bins, most contractors
choose to source-separate materials slIch as concrete,
metals i:H1d cardboard, since disposal rates are lower for
source-separated materiðl .;¡nd ;¡ome material5, such as
metais, can generate revenue. Some contractors find that
separating materials requires additional labor.
Mixed C&D recovery facilities are increasingly the
preferred recycling cl1Oice, especialiy If there are space
or time constraints at the jobsito, or if the materials are
difficult to separate on site, SUCl1 as demolition materials
from tenant improvement projects. Mixed C&D facilities
receive, sort and recycle loads of mixed m"terials from
construction or demolition sites if 60% or more of the
totai load consists of recyclable materials, Recycling
rates vary, but most mixed C&D faciliti~5 recycle 50% to
70% of the material delivered.
Cost effectiveness of salvaging. Unless the salvaged
materials are valuable -such as ornate hardware or
stained glass windows-the labor cost of salvaging
may exceed the material's market value, In this case,
the Owner rnust determine if sa!vi;lge i5 worth the extra
expense. Nonprofit salvage çompanìes may offer a tax--
deductible donation receipt for the value at the salvaged
goods to help offset the additional cost.
Resources
» ACWMA provides extensive informaticJn ~bQlJt C&D
waste rnanagement, including a model ordinancc.. :a
specification Section 01505 élnd waste management
plan for rec.ycling C&D debris and the Builders' Guide
to Reuse ;md Recycling, A Directory for Constnlction
and Demolition Materials (avai lable on website):
www.multifam i Iygreen.org
Tel. (510) 614·1699
~ California Integrated Waste Management Board
provide5 inforrT1atitJr1 about C&D waste rnanagernent,
including Designing With Vision.. A Technic"i Manuai
for Material Clwices in Sustainable Cons·/'ruction:
www.ciwmb.ca ,govlCon Dem 0
ACWMA MULTIFAMilY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES April 2004
--~--------
.. - - - .- .- ..
EFFICIENT USE OF
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Organize Cut-Piles for Lumber, Drywall
and other Scrap
WHO : KEY,'BENEFITS i
,,i DevelonerJPM
·'1',,1
1"1,.';1::'::::',),
, '(:)1""1 'ìl I,! 0'" I'
¡:::'I ,:'icl'; :'I~::',I
{I I ,'. i :~:'ì'-'
Material Efficiem:y
. , ~: :'\ '.¡"
,:";\''','1:1;('
": '''Ii'i ,.
/ Builder
'I"
1,:'1'i' H'·.! I,
I ,,:.! ,,:: , '" : '," ~ I!) I
01505~ ConstrlJr.tion & Demolition Wast~ Management Plan
Recommendation
--......"" --..-.....-.-
Reduce waste and save money by
maintaining a reuse pile-also called a
cut-pile-for wood, drywall, siding and
other building materials.
Description
.............-.....
Up to 20':';0 of construction materials are wasted due to
inefficient practices. A 5ignificant amount of material
can be saved by designing wood· framed buildirlgs with
advanced framing techniques, also know as Optimal
Value Engineering or aVE, Another method is to design
buildings on a. rnodular floorpjan so that dimensional
products don't need to be cut and discarded (Structure:
ME'aSUfB 05-Adllanr..:cd Fr<1ming DL'sign),
During traming, plan to reuse wood studs, sheathing,
joist.s and other materials by creating an organized cut-
pile in a central location. Scrap ends and other small
pieces that would otherwise be thrown away con be
reused. This can save contractors material and money,
Follow the same practice for dryw1::I11. siding, piping,
metal prQducts, roofing, and even fiberglass insulation.
Take care to properly cover and store reusable materials
so that they are not damaged,
Benefits
Ufìcicnt material use rcdlJçeS con::¡urnption of virgin
resources and reduces the cost of ~:onstruçtion material
and waste disposal.
Application
._.~,,---._._--,- ,.
Applicable to all new construct.ion and major
renovation projects.
AÇWMA MUI.TIFAMILY GREEN BUIL ;} NG GUIDELINES Aptil ;·>(X)4
-. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
A cut-pile requires an ope:n, clean 5pBce to store materials.
During the rainy seÐson~ a cover ís necessary. When
storing materials in a loose pile! be sure to consid(!.r safety.
º.I:!.§.ig!LPeta i Is
Reuse piles should be an integral part of the waste
management pl~n ($itewiJrk: Measure Ol-C&D Wast~' M<1r1iigMWrll).
.'".,
Separating dimensional materials tor reuse also makes
it easier to donate unLJ5ed materials once the project is
finished, because materials are already sorted (Finishes &
F/Jmishings: Measuœ 08-Rf!GfiJirlrurJ Mi1toti¡¡¡s).
A Note: Cover and store all materials
appropriately and keep them dry, Sheetrock,
wood. sheathing and other porow; m~teriaj5
can absorb mQi,ture, which may lead to mold growth
and indoor air qual ity problems (/-'IJlìl1iop.& De.,::fRI11 Me<'~.'i(Jrp.
12· Moisture Shedding Find Mold AI/oidance).
Provide large signs in bold colors to designate reu~e piles
and differentiate them from recycling and waste materials,
Code Consideratio.n~
Cut-piles mugt tollow all OSHA and local ¡obolte
safety regul<:!tions.
COI])õ,i.dl:!_rªtions for Residents
None.
CQst and Cost Effectiveness
lDiiIIa Cut-piles require ~n!r1ir'rlallabot.
~_ Subcontractor training and start-up
~ take some effort, but the savings In
material CQ5ts are mOre than worth it. Studies of single-
tamily developments fOllnd that using cui-piles during
the construdion of an average California home saves
$800 in lumber costs,
R.I:!~ºurces
¡> ACWMA's Builders' Guide to Reuse and Recycling
lists salvage and reuse organizations ìn Oakland arid
Berkeley, Tel. (510) 614-1699
www.rnultifamilygreen.org
'0~~~q::i'~
Using ¡¡ pil+2 SUdl C:I::i Uli:; lJnr..: éll t!w 1·1..~bltðt for HUIl1\ìility FrlJitv.=..lp.
d!:!vp.lnpmp.nt will grE!atly reduce \fIiJste duri!lg cl1rl~lrli(;tion.
SITEWDRK~ MEASURE 02
PAGE 7
"-----~
CONSTRUCTION IAQ
MANAGEMENT
Reduce Indoor Air Contamination with
an lAG Management Plan
WHO KEY,BENE~IJS
.'
.../ DeveloperlPM
, Health/l,Q
..¡ Site/Community
i ",:',:, I ";;, y l::." I I "n ~ : \
V\':,'!¡,:,~~' ¡,:,},t ,::':,' -,""'1
t/I ::1'h7':'I,::: I '" ; I!::~ v"'\,
V O&M
../ Re$id~nt Sati!>f@c:tioll
r'-:\ir'·:: "(,1".::',
::'1:" (I
r: u ,,; " ',; íi'::~ ~ ::' ~
Ý Architect
..,/ Ruilder
S",I 1'...1 c.! 'I;".'
01400! Quality Requirf::!rT1ents
Recom mendation
."'...' .~,..._.,--,- ,.._,~-_.._._,...,-_._,._-,._..
Develop alld execute all IAQ
Management Plan for cOllstruction alld
preoccupancy phases,
Description
During construction, there are many opportunities to
contaminate a building and adversely affect indoor air
quality. Sorne Qf tht:~e contaminants are short lived;
others may exist for the life of the building,
One way to minimize contamination is to develop and
carry out a construction IAQ r'nanagement µlarL Suct1
a plan spell. Qut appropriate strategies for minimizing
construction-related IAQ problems,
To further reduce the potential for IAQ problems, a
preoccupancy plan should be carried out. Strategies
include flushing out the spaces by circulating fre:~h air
for a specified time to allow finISh materials to offgas,
Benefits
Implementing an JAQ rn£H1i::1gement plan during
construction can reduç~ indOQr air qlJality problems for
workers in the Sllort term and occupants in the long term,
A preoccupancy building flush-out may reduce problems
associated with sick building syndrome. resulting in a
Ilealthïer IWr"T1e.
I"'A'';¡· 8
51TE:WORKõ MEASURE 03
Application
App!icable to all new construction and r~novation projects.
Roles and Responsibilities
In contract documents, specifically state the role of each
party in the construction IAQ management plan, from
architect 10 subcontractor. In project rT1eeting~1 include
regular di5Cu~siQn~ of the IAQ plan and goals, and
include all relevant parties, including subcontmctors,
The builder and general contractor are typici::Illy
responsible for implementing the pl~n during
construction and before occupancy, Some developers will
use 8n architect to help draft the plan; thIS can be an
effective way to also discuss other green buiiding goals
on the project
Architects should help Identify materials that reduce
IAQ problems, suell as products will, low levels of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). (For information about
sp./p.cting low-toxic materials, _~ee thp. Fini.~hf!.c; .~~(:ti()n ()f the.'=ip. r,lJirlelinrt.s.)
The architect should list products that have potential
for causing prQblems, and offer control measures tor
handling those materials (Silf!work: Measure 04-Hazardous
Materia/sand ~;ste).
Desi2n Details
DURING CONSJRUCJION
IAQ management practices during construction deal
primarily with protecting the HVAC systems (assuming
furced-air ventilation, heating Or air conditioning
systerns are installed) and protecting building materials
from moisture.
This supply vent ro::gister hùs been blocked to r~dlJce c::ollbminatioll of
Un: ductwork during construction
ACWMA MULTIFAMilY GRE:E:N BUILDING GUIDELINEs Ai"!,": ;'>()()4
~
HVAC systems tan ätClJmu!ate a lot of dust and
çontamin¡mt:::; during con~trLJcti"tJn if they are not
protected. Heducing thoir U$e (especially on the return
side) dUring construction will help keep particlIl"tos,
VOCs and otl1er contaminants out ot the system. Once
inside, thcsc contaminants are diffic:lJlt to remOve and
may remain for years.
Anotllcr ventilation CQntrol ;¡trategy is t.o filter and/or
seal the HVAC system during certain construction
'limes. Painting, sanding and other practices can emit
particles that become trapped in the HVAC systern,
Provide temporary tilters on tile return ducts and seal
all registers and penetrations as needed to reduce
t:ontaminatior1. Change the filters regularly prior to
completion, and again before occupancy. For systerns
tl1at provide fresl1 air, ventilate using 100% outside all
thrQughout con:::;tnJçtiDn.
Here are rnore housekeeping ideas to protect IAQ
dlJring con5truçti0r1~
" Collect önd review Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDS) for all propo5ed materiäls to identify hazards
and obtain guidance on safe ll~e
" Cover arid pmlect HVAC equipment until instailed
¡¡ Keep materials like wood, drywall and insulation away
from mQistlJr~ sources to i~void mold growth
¡¡ If using damp-spray cellulose insulation, allow it to
dry thoroughly before closing it in (Structure: Measure
09 Il1s¡¡{ation).
» Clean up ,::>pills irnmedii:ltely
fI Clean work areas regularly to avoid contaminant
buildup and improve safety
PREOCCUPANCY
After construction is rinished, proper cleaning of the
Jobsite is neccssary, Clean all surhces thoFOIJghly.
Brush, vacuum and clean t£lns and ducts. and change
fiiters on tbe HVAC system betore testing and balancing
is performed.
Inslall porous materials, like carpeting and turniture, only
after firlish rné1terials have cured. To reduce offgassing of
VOCs into the building, air üut cärµeting arId furniture for
a period (up to two weeks) before install ing.
Onca the sìtc is clean, conduct a tWQ··wcck building
tlusI1-out. TI1i5 allows tor proper curing ot paints and
finishes, affgassirlg of rr1ä1.erials, 8nd filtration úf the
vcnti lation SY5tem.
If scl1eduling constraints don't allow time tor airing out
matF.rials or flushing out the building prior to occupancy,
tile design team should place even wcater cmphasi5 on
specifying low-VOC products, materials and tllrnisl1ings,
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUlbE:LlfIIES AC"Jn: 20011
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
çºçj~ Considerations
Construction workf.:r5 must wear appropriate devices to
protect against dust and VOC,. Adequate venlllation
dUring construction must be provided, OSHA and other
regulation5 guide these practices.
Considerations for Residents
Protects occupant health and rm:!y increas.e satisfaction,
CostÆ1.d Cost Effectiveness
lIDiIIaD Implementing an I^Q r'nanägement
~__ plan duríng construction wi!!
~__ probably result in additional labor
and tíme. Contractor 5chedulif1g and training sessions
will ai50 likely increase iabor time. A two-week flu,h·out
may be dittlcult to cost'justify, but if pianned properly,
some work can be done at this stage, ~lJch a5 painting
with zero-VOC products or Installing floating tloars
without adhcsives.
A properiy executed IAQ management pian may save
money by helping to prated worker health and improve
productivity, rcduc~ cli~nt and occupant call-backs, and
extend the iite of ventilatiQn .ystorns,
Resources
» M05t of the material 'for this measure was derived
tram the LEED New Construction Reference Guide:
www.Llsgbc,org.
, Sheet Mat.1 and Air Conditioning National Contractors
Association (SMACNA) publishes useful IAQ
management guidelines, including lAQ Guiddines for
Occupied Buildings Under Construction and Indoor
Air QualitY' A 8ysierns Approach.
Tel. (703) 803-2980
www.srnacr.li:l.org
Building Green, publisllCr of Environmental Bu¡"lding
News, t1as an article on construction IAQ management
practic"s (Vol. 11, No. 51, and a paper on Top 10 IAQ
strategies,
www.buildinggteen.com
www.buiidinggreen.com!ellsts/ll"lpaper.com
SITEWORKõ MEASI.IRr ():~
'A(:iE9
u_~___________
-. .- -. -.. . .. .. .., - - - ...
... - - - -
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
AND WASTE
, '
Reduce Potential Pollution and
Health Risks
,Ii
,':'
"¡;'''!:.'',' ":'I',.\,
,.¡' Architoct
Ý Builder
""":"1' 1",'jl,,:'I'."\!
J Material Efficiency
..' O&M
,/ Resident Satisfaction
",:'1'-',1::::.1':, ":¡ i\¡::¡""
1':"""1''''
v' 8l¡ildirlg Manager
01500: Ha:zardûLJs,W,~~t~ Man8get"!wnt Plan,
16501: Electrical Component Recycling
Recommendation
Minimize tile amount of hazardous
materials uscd ancl hazardous waste
creatod in tile construction and
maintenance process by following the
three R's: reduce, reuse and recycle
Ite¡;cription
Hazardous wastes typically generated On a jabsite
include paint, solvent, adhe~ive, calJlk, pe5ticide, wood
preservative, asph.lt, tar, oil (from trucks), kerosene
(from portable heaters), and more,
Managing hazardolls waste consists of the tlleee R's,
reduce, reuse and recycle. After exhausting those
options. proper dispos(.I1 is.essential.
Reduce. first, purchase materials tt1at are less toxic.
Second, maintain good waste management practice5 to
avoid spills, emissions and other wasteful mistakes.
Reuse. Once. a hazardous material is on site, consider
ways to reuse it. Paint 1.hinner, for exarnple, Ci:H1 be
reused $everal times. Materials exchange programs are
also available.
Recycle. SOIllC hazardous waste can be recycled.
Appropriate storage, pick-up and del Ivery must be
arranged, and must be perform~d according to
applicable law',
PACE 10
SITEWQRK~ MCASURE 04
-- - - - - .- - - -
Benefits
Benefits include reduced pQllution of land, air and water;
lower risk of endangering health; reduced risk of costly
cle<:ln-up; potential for fewer occupant complaints; and
setting a positive example in tho community
Application
AI I new construction and Illajor renovations. Also
applicable to ongoing Illalntenance practices_
Desi2n Det~l!!ô..______
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN
Deveiop ð hazardous waste management plan that
Includes waste reduction, reuse and recycling. In tile
construction docutnents, specify handling and di5posal of
halardolJS material5, The first ~tCp5 are. to list types and
quantities of hazardous waste that migl1t be generated
and to target areas for substitutions and reduction.
PURCHASING STRATEGIES
Wllenever possible, se)ect materials tllat are low in
toxicity and don·t contribute to hazardou' waste,
» Manage ordering of hazardous materials to prevent
Qv~r~t()cking and WMtt.
> Let suppiiers know you want the ieast toxic product
for the application.
" Obtain Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for each
product. Review for' potentially hazardous compounds.
Common haz<:Irdous attributes are high igni·tabi!ity,
Gorrosiveness, reactivity and toxicíty.
Safer alternatives exist for most [~()['nrr1{)n products:
Adhesives. Solvent-free adhesives and sealants work well
for general and specifir. construr.tion purpo5es (F¡/115h¡;.~~ ~If;,
Fumi.~h¡np'.5: Mefi:~(!/'e 03 ¡\(!/Je.<;iv€s ¿¡r1(1 $L\,/¿¡n!$).
Paints and wood preservatives. Wat~r"bi3sed p(3ints, wo~)d
stains and preservatives do not require toxic solvents
suell as paint thinner for clean up (Fin;shr::s& Fumi'jhings:
MU<i:,uruW:.'·--/¡¡luriorp¿r¡nl).
Metal primers. U,e low-VOC metal primer where
possible. If necessary, spot-prime with a rust-inhibiting
oil-·based product.
Pesticides. Reduce or eliminate µesticides in
landscaping arid construction (Planning,~ DA.~ig/1, MAa.SIJ/"A
OR-l.ands¡;.~p¡ng).
A.CWMA MUlTIFAMILV GRE:EN BU UJtNG GUIDELINES ADIï! ;>()(14
--~--------
Lamps. Specify ow-tìlercury fluorescent lamps (S~tr;!m:;:
M(~¿1!:,.ure J3· NI?,'!¡ UfiçielJci¡ l.ip,l1tiI1RJ·
Solvents. Consider citrus-based solvents instead ot
chlorine-based solvents.
Form releasers. Purchase matcri<315 with the
loweslloxicity_
Cleaners. Select nontoxic clcaner5.
USING AND STORING TOXIC MATERIALS
W¡1en toxic materials mllst be usee!, these strategies can
help t;xtend their life:
;(0 Use solvents such 8S paint thinner more than oncc.
Strain and reuse for cleaning equipment or oHler uses
before discarding.
Provide ¡jdequate secured space for tile storage ot
Ilazardous materials.
¡¡. Keep (:III containers se81ed to reduce evaporation and
VOC emissions,
['rain construction ~,taff on proper haL.<::Irdous w8ste
manÐgement, including spill and cl(~an-up prQr.edures far
each product (~r:.:¡' lf1u M5DS),
Te~ch tenants about seder cleaning and maintenance
practices and products (Op~~r8t¡(!n$ \~ M;:¡inte.lJðl1æ.' Mp.,:¡.Slirp.
Q,1-Trainings and MarIUÐls).
RECYCLING AND DISPOSAL
Finally, i:lfter reducing and reusing, attempt to recycle
any remaining products. For-profit entitie~ can nft.en
donate le'ltover products to nonproflts for a tax credlt_
Another option is to lake hazéH'dous wastes to appropriate
rr.cyr::ling far.il ities (Sitp.wm"k: Measure Ol-C&D Waste
M<m8f,em~l1t),
After exhausting all other options¡ ensure proper disposal
of hazardous matr.riaI5, Take taxies tD legit.imaLe
treatment, storage and disposal (TSD) f"cililtes, or solid
wa~te. man;::¡gement ra(~ilities.
Ensure that all containers are clearly labeled, and
routinely check bins at discarded matcrial~ for potBntial
pollution sOurces. Disposing ot haz£\rdous waste. with
nonhazardous waste cau~)e5 cont8rnir1s1ion problems at
landfills, poses Iwalth and groundwater problems, and
is illegal.
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIOELlNE:S April 200-1
- - -. - - -- -.
- - - - - - - - -
Code Considerations,
BU5inesse5 are liable for hazardous waste dísposal,
spil15 and other contamination issues under federal and
state law. CQntrolJed rnaterials are listed in California
Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 22, Division 4,5, or
Cude of Federal Regulations (CFf,) 40, Ports t 10, 117,
261 or 302_
Considerations for Residents
......,.,--.---
Safer and cleaner environment and home.
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
----.-,., '". ...-..---
1m!DI= Implementing i~ ha.zardo~s waste
~..- management plan IS an Important
~~ pi:lrt of responsible construction
practices. Training st£\tf on proper pror.edlJres t:i:~n add
tim~~, but will reduce liability, Some. low-toxic materials
cost more than standard products, but result in lower
disposal costs.
Resources
ACWMA's Alameda County Recycling' Guide is 1:1
comprehensive guide to recycling and reusc:
www.multif.mi Iygreen ,org
Tel. (5]0) 614-1699
» u.s. Environmental Protection Agency
Regulations on hazardous waste,
www.epa.gov/ep8oswerlosw/hazwaste.htm
Peaks to Pmiries, f<esidenti(JI COflsfruclIon
CQnträc1or's Guide! Section 8, t-Iazardous Material~:
http,/lp"akstoprairies,org'p2bande/Construction/
ContrGuide
" EcoBuilding Times article:
www_"çobllilding,org'lib/ebt/2000/obrlen,btm
SIT¡¡;WORK~ Mf'ASlJfH:. 0:.1
PAGE H
----------------------_._-------_._--------------_...~._-~-----_._----~---
BENEFITS
ThiS table list, the Guidelines' Structure measures, and shows the primary benefit.
of each (see tfl8 mdfvlduaf measu(~s for details),
1 f I I I I I
/' / /' / ~ / /' J¡: /
, .À 'I'" , '" 'I' '!!r' ~
" ,,'~' /. /' J.! " #' /' /1 " '<"
I ;¡ I .t .q;' I I I' J l! ;
()- If!'; J¡j I _¡j! I .t."":'/ I I ~ I
c¡; I .r:o; I i!; I ~ I ...., J I 1 Ä., /
.ii', f ~ ; -..,. I J.iJ I' Iì;- I I!o. I ~ I
1i;-' / .; /1 / J;. / IJ / ~ / ·1 / If /
_17' I ,v.,:¡ I .I:J..~ J ~ J O!l!t / ~ / J~ /
.J: / q,' / ~ " ~,' I....· I ..... ;
...-.---.-.-.-.------.-.- .---....-(.-.--..-..... (.... (. ( ( f f· (
01 Recycled aggregate : : : :./: , 1 I
._.._......____._._.__________.._._.__.._.._.L- _..L". l....._ I .l J I ":
1 I I I I 1 1 I
: :.,/: :./:.,¡: : I
: .-.--.-.---..-..¡- : ;---'r- -..: ..- : :
1 : : : : : : :
---.-.------......- .----.-..-...--.---- ·--·-----·--·-·--¡-----r··--..-·-··r----....-..1 ··--r-·"· t r I
04 Engineered lumber : : : :.¡: : : :
----.--..-.....-------...---..------.-----.--.-- ...--...-.~----:-....-..-.- ·t--··-'-··1 . --·i" ; : :
05 Advanced framing design .¡":: .,/: :.f": : ,..( : ./ :
~ r···-··----1·-·-- ---1--'--r- ./ ·--·¡----··-·-·1· ..-.--"'-'.1'"'- .-'---j
. . .. __...1...___..___---1.._ . ...,.L._-----\_._..__..L-_._---L._.___._L__._
I 1 1 I 1 I I 1
I I..¡' 1 1./ .,/ I .¡" 1
-...-......------....---....- ._-.;._-_.._-:.__._-~.-----:.__.._.._---:-.._.._...._.._.:.._._-~.._...:--_.._--:
: :..¡': :,1': ::í:.,/:
1.._.._. ._I.._...__.._.L_._-----1.._._._.__.L__._l____.'-_-t
I 1 1 I 1 I I
~: :......: :.,/: :..¡':./:
. ..1'_. ....--..-.... .----.--.¡-----.-¡.-.--.--..--..-r---.-,
......: :.,/: ./ : .,/ : .¡': :
.:. ._...:.._--_.._._~-_._-+ .:.--.-----. --.-...- ..-.+----.-:
.,1": :.,/: :.,/:.,/:./: :
I-·_·__·__-I·_·_·_·_..·_..·__I--_----!--_··_·__..·_·_i·_·___·.... ·_·_·..._._._._1-____---,
I 1 1 I 1 I I 1
.,r I ./ 1 ..¡' 1 I 1.,/ I ,I' I .,/ 1
]...-.-.-.--..:-...--..-+..---+-.-....-....-. _.~.._..__.._-: . .~--_..._.:
.,f: :..¡': : :.,/:.,/:.,/:
.J .....__....__._I___.._.._.L...._.._...__.1___._._..._I.....___...L.._..__..._L_._
:::':;':)
(".~'"
~.....,
"-"~.,,,
":r·;
t·' '...
MEASURE
02 High-volume flyash in concrete
----...--....----.-.-.-...-
.-..---..-...-..--.-.-..-----..-.----...-...-
03 FSC-certified wood
----..-..-.-.-.-..
06 Steel framing
-.--..-..-.--...-.-...-...-
07 Structural insulated panels
-..-.---------..-..----....
08 Ra ¡sed heel trusses
-----....-.
09 Insulation
--..-.--......-.-..-..
10 Durable siding
.--.-..-.---.....---.--........-.-.-...
11 Durable roofing
-.-.--....---..--.---
12 Cool roof
.-.------.---.....-
13 High-performance windows
---------.--.--..-
Hea'thllEQ~ Rf!dur.e~ indoor
pollutants, promote::; betLer
irldour environmental QUality,
BndlQr provides opportunities
lor irlipwVed public health,
$lte/CQmrnl.lnity~ pmtp.çt~ land,
water and ,¡.ir on and IIC<:It
s.ite from pollution Qr oth€r
environm8nt~! di!lmèlgø, usm;
municipal infr:;l!;itn~c;t(Jrf! more
efficiBntly by r'Úd8V(¡lopi~\g
huilding or site, RndJm provides
iIT1þort~nl èlr'Id 1)\J8d¡,;d õlr'nenities
for the SIJrrolJnding community.
E':nergy' I:.fficïency: Redur.e~
building ¡,;rl@rgy cör\sLlrYlptlun.
Wi:lbi,r Efflclðncy: Reduces water
IJS!:! in r,¡lJild;n~ and/or on site.
,
,
,
,
,
,
Material Efficiency: Reduces,
reU~e(> ~nd/üt rccycl¡?;$ rnMórlals
that might have otherwise ended
up in landfirls, reduces materials
needecl to construct or operGlte tile
build.in¡J, and/or uses materials
produced in a WfiY th;;¡t rninin)ile!)
f:!nvironrnental dcunag<:!.
O&M: Ir'l¡;rùc.j:;c(> builcting's
durabilit.y, i:indJorredur.es
upcr~lillg <jM maintenance
expenses.
Resident Satisfaction~ Saves
residents money and/or improves
resident:;' quality of life.
ENERGY STARII¡ Helps achieve
ENERGY STAR~ for·I·INnes
certification.
y-~------------------------------------------
PAGE 2
S1Fi:U!:TURE:
---.---------------------------------------------------------------
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING. GUU:JE:I,...INES April ;>[)[)4
-------,~------------------------------------------,.-,----------------
KEY
CONSIDERATIONS
iI'''········
I
I
,
I
!
I
Adv:;mct:'!n fr1!rTling design elt:'!mp.nts, such
as 24·,jnch stud spacing and header.:. m1!de
trom 8n~ine¡:red lurnber, save reSL1ur(;¡)~ whil(:
improving huilding petiormance. This photo
W¡:¡!i taken dlJring con!;rruçtion at thp',Fruilvale
Hf!hitat f(Jr Humanity prDject in Oakland.
CONTRACTOR EXPERIENCE
Some of the products and techniques described in this sectiQn require experience
or specialized skills that aren'tfound Dn every construction crew. For example, the
techniques far de5igning and working with high-volume flyash concrete (StfIJdure:
MO¿j'.>urO (2) are still new to many engineers and contractors_ Similarly, if installing
damp~spray c~lIulose in5ulation (Structure: Mf:iisutt U9), you need an experienc~d
subcontractor who knows how to avoid, moisture-related problem,. With steel
framing (StruGtute: M!:JiJsur8 U6), a more ski lied labor force i$ u$ui;lIJy needed. As early
as possible in the design phase, the project team 5hauld identify any measures
that migllt diverge from standard pradice.
PRODUCT AVAILABILITY
Many of the materials recommended here are readily available. For example,
many cities in Alameda County have ordínance$ requiring con5truction site waste
recycling, sO there i5 plenty cf recycled aggregate available (Strucw{f:; Mea5Uffl 01).
High~volume flyash mixes (Structure: Measuf"-' 02) are also widely available in the Bay
Area, as are recycled-content insulation with no,added form¡:¡ldehyde (Structure:
MeasureD!)), engineered lumber (Str'uctutf:¡ Me&suff. 04), ~nd high~p1$rformance windows
(Struciuro: Mc:!asuftJ 13), Other products. may require more ~ffcrt to obtain. Whi Ie FSC-
certified hardwoods (StrlJc.t/Jfp.~ Mea.~IJfe 03), for instance, are generally more readily
available,than FSC softwoods, supply fluctuates. which affect, both availability
and price, Early in the design phase, the project team should flag any products
or materiâl5 that might have longer lead times or requÎre extra effort to source 50
that the contractors can work to ensure that they will be on hand when needed,
COST
An integrated design approach will help reduce construction costs as well a5
operating costs, Far example, it may be possible to downsize or eliminate the air·
condìtioning $ystem if the design includes a cool roof (Structure.. MeastJre 12) combined
with other energy-saving features, such as overhangs, incre<3.sed insulation, high-
performance windows and proper building orientation.
Other measures may 005\ mOre than conventional construction if the product
itself is more expensive, the technique ,is more labor,ìntensive, Dr the contractors
have limited experience with the technique and therefore submit higher bids, For
ex.ample, studies have estimated that, overall, installed steel framing ($trtlcture:
Measure 06) costs anywhere from 0% to 7% more than wood framing, mostly
because of increased labor costs. However, steel prices are mor~ constant than
wood prices, resulting in longer price guarantees from manufacturers, which 11elps
with project budgeting,
Compared to conventional wood framing, advanced wood framing design (Structure:
Measure 05) does 'require some additional effort during de~ign and careful oversight
of the framing contractor in the field, But it can reduce lumber use by as much
ì;l5 ?O% to 30%, while also providing more room for insulation and increasirlg the
building envelope's energy efficiency. Refer to the individual measures for more
information about the savings and costs a»oeiated with the structural components
of green multifamily housing.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .
.---------------.
STRUCTURI:;
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES April 2004
C/'I~
-n
,.",1,_,
(-.
~"
C)
-'
I
c
-v¡
""''',_.,/
Pi
f'AGE :3
---------------------------------------'-------------------------~---
,,/t'~1
-..j ROLES AND
·:T~) RESPONSIBILITIES
,
.....-,.'·1
I
"~"~.
"'~-r"""¡
"".' <'''''''
'~"W""·'·
\ ~ ;
---------------
PAGE4
STRUCTURE
Policymakerand code official. To help pavethe way fur more sustainable building
practices in your community, stay current on new construction techniques, such
as high-volume flyash concrete ($truGture: Me<"'l8(!re OJ), structural insulated panels,
Dr SIPs (Strudur¡;!:,Measure 07), and advanced framing design (Strut/ur/!.': Me<:tsuro (5).
Developer and project manager. Support an integrated design approacl1 that
evaluates costs and benefits within the context of whole-building design and
construction, Be alert to products and techniques that builders may be unfamiliar
with or that may"take more effort to 50(Jrçe; discus$ these issues regularly in
project meetings. Recognile that increased design fees related to integrated
design are often recouped during construction.
, Fund.r. Some of the recommended measures cost more but will result in buildings
that are more durable and C05t le55 tc cperate. Seek financing solutions that
promote quality construction and long-term savings.
Architect. Stay informed about high-performance, products and techniques,
Promote, an integrated design process and be able to articulate to the project
team how tl1e individual features of a design add up to more than the sum of
tl1elr parts. Involve building officials In the project early. If the design call. for
con.trudion methods or products that aren't standard practice, work with the
developer to help ensure that qualified contractors are hired, and provide those
contractors with th~ information and resource::; that will help them succes$fully
build your design, When necessary, seek design assistance from consultants
with specific expertise,
, Builder. Keep current on the iatest high-performance products and constrtJdion
methods. Develop a network of 5ubcontr"dors who are cO,""lIlted to practicing
high-quality green construction. lIthe design calls for product'; Or techniques you
or yc)ur 5ub5 are unfamiliar with, discuss tl1ese issues early and openly during
project meetings so that the team can work togethertQ onsure success.
FOCUS ON STRUCTURE:
Carmen Avenue
ThIS 30-unit community, to be built In Livermore by Allied liousing, is designed
to be comfortable and energy efficient even when summer temperstures exceed
lOQ"F. The goal is. to reduce the need 'for air conditioning to the point where
it is r~re¡y required. Almo~t all glazing is on the south and rlorth sides, with
overhangs on the south facades for shading, Passive solar heating/cooling
has been incorporated into the design, including ö/8-inch gypboarcl on wails
and ceilings to provide a small amount of thermal mass, Formaldehyde-free
fiberglass batt in5ulation in the wal15 (R,·1.9) ;;md I{)Dse..fill cellulose in the roof
cavity (R-38), plus low-e insulated glallng with vinyl windows, wilt help keep
the units comfortable while reducing utility bills. Natura! ventilat.ion from
consistent afternoon breeles and cool night air contribute to tile cOlllfortable,
energy-efficient design.
To I~i~m !ìlore ,:¡()our tl¡if; pr(!jeGt, ,,;p.e t(J thp. Carmf!f1 Avp.rJiJf! case study.
.._~'"--',----~-----------------------------
ACWMA MULTIFAMilY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES April 2004
- - ~ -- ---- ---------- ------ - - - - - - --- - - - - - -- ----
RECYCLED AGGREGATE
Specify Recycled Aggregate for Fill,
Backfill and Other Uses
WHO KEY BENEFITS
Ý Devel()p~r!PM
·":;:1'..',0"
r""liIC:C:i,
·':~ol":'''!'''':''1 UI"I i'
f~Y C: 'I']: c: i
,"::'.''I'i' ;::'1
I .¡ Material Efficiency
,"') ,~~~, IV
i\:,i¡,:::-Y:""I.':'¡'U';
.¡ Arch ¡teet
ý Builder
I"::, ·'·"Ii
[:1" i'. ifl;:': :',:'1::11"1,':,,'"
['i: C :::" i ,," , I"" ''''¡ :':1 :: I ~::' .:. ~; C 0;
¡':' "·.:f::: ':: 1"i',,':¡'"
..----...-..---...-..------------.-...----...-..-----..-------..--..--
0:30!;i2: Concrete Aggn~g~tE':!$
Recommendation
Specify recycled aggregate whenever
C"ITrôns Clôss II materials are specified.
Description
CalTrans Class II aggregate is used as fill under slabs, for
backfill and for other lI5es, Virgin aggregate come. from
sources such as riverbeds and quarrìes, which disturbs
the environment.
Recycled aggregate-typically clean, crushed concrete-
is generally ðvailable in Alameda County as an alternative
to virgin materials. This concrete is removed from
demollsl,ed buildings and sitework. and is processed and
cleaned for reuse.
II
"
~.~.~&~,'"-"~--~~-_...~'..."~.~--~.,""-,,..,
COl1çr~tt:: bt::in?, sorter! for r€lISe as ð?,¡;:rt::R¡¡tf'..
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES ^pi"1I /()[)4
- ,- - - --.
Benefits
ConstrtJCtíon and demolition (C&D) debris constitutes
approximately 21.% of the materials Jandfilled in
Alameda County. Keeping concrete out of landfill.
benefits tile county and makes good use of the material.
8ecause concrete is e;xpe:n:.;ive to landfill, ~nd beçau5e
many cities in Alameda County have ordinances
reqlJiring çonstru(~tj()n site waste recycling, there is
plenty of recycled aggregate available.
Apj:l,l,iç!!tiºI1",.___~
Applicable wherever Class II aggregate is specified,
for example as backfill drainage, and under parking,
sidewalk5 and building 5labs.
Design Details
If a project is built on a formerly developed site,
consider cru5hing concrete on Site to supply aggregate
for the new development
Code Considerations
mœa Check with the local building
~_ department to en"Jr" that r~cycled
~. aggregate can be used without
complication' from the city, If you need assistance
or information, contact the Alameda County Wôste
Management Authority.
Considerations for ,Residents
.~..,"~''''''"..,._-
None.
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
-~_._,~~-~_."._-~
Recycled aggregate costs the same as standard
aggregate' between $1 and $18 a ton, depending
on availability.
Resources
.....-....,....
ACWMA's Builders Guide to Reuse and Recycling lists
SlJppliers of recycled products, including crushed
concrete:
Tel. (510) 614-169~
www.multifamilygreen.org
STRUCTURE. MEASUR[ OJ
l' ,I·"'·
I~""J" ,"/
""T""1
"..>"'\../
í~
~
(.-...,
'" ,..-
-~....';
C
....1..,.,1
'''Hi'~
f'M;F!S
- - - - - - -~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -, - ., .,,- - - .. - - -.--
en
. "
---"'1
::D
C
n
C
AJ
¡-ïl
l'ACìl 6
HIGH-VOLUME FLYASH
IN CONCRETE
Use Concrete Mixes with a High Volume
of Flyash
\", 1,1'" , ~ ',.'
Energy Efficiency
v' Architect
;/ BuilcJf!r
..; Material Efficiency
.¡ O&M
,:,
\ i :::,1
033ao~ CH..,t-ln-PI~ce Concrete
Recommendation
Use high-volume flyash concrete
Descrintion
_'''''.''',.' .t:':...,_,.,.,..
.---."..-.-..-..-......----....--
Flyash is a waste product of coal-fired electrical power
plants.. It! the United States, about 60 milliDn tons ùf
powdered fly",h is removed from the exhaust of these
power plants every year to reduce air pollution, Less tllan
30% of that flyash is recycled. Tile rest is landfilled.
One common method of recycling fly ash is to use it to
replace C;I pc)rtiQn of the portl¿¡nd cement in concrete.
Concrete is consists of sand, aggregate, cement and
other admixtures. Most existing recommended practices
limit flyash usage to 15% or 20% of tile cement portion
of concrete, This increases the strength and improves
the durabilíty of concrete. But. l;sing a higher volume uf
flyash yields greater strength benefits and divert" a larger
amount of this waste from landfills,
High.volume flyash is tYPically defined as concrote that
contains more than 30% flyasll In tile cement portion of
i:3 contrete mix.
Benefits
Flyash improves the performance of cuncrete by
incre( ~ing 5trength~ reducing permoability and reducing
corrosion at reinforcing steel.
The environmental benefits are reduced waste in landfilis,'
iower energy use (manufacturing portland cement is very
energy inten~ive), and fewer greenhouse gas emission5.
Cement. is made by heating limp-stone and other mim~r(.ll~
to ?700'f in large kilns, r'or every ton ot cement
produced, about 1400 pounds of carbon dioxide (CO)
are released into the atmosphere; if I fact. the cement
industry cont.ributes about 8% of all the man made CO2
STRUI::TURE: rvlEASURE 02,
in our atmosphere, CO, is one of the primary greenhOU5e
gases that contributes "to global warming, Reducing the
use of cement in concrete is one way to help reduce
globäl wänning.
~IJçªt.iºI]",
... ".'.",~'" .---.,.-----
High-volume flyesil is appropriate for use in footings, mat
fOlJf1dati(1nS, slabs On grade, slabs on metal decks, casl-in-
place and tilt-up walls, drives, Sidewalks and equipment
pads, Consult with an expert before using high-voiume
mixcs in columns and with post-tension sy::.tems.
Desi2n Details
Although flya5h ha~ been lJsed in concrete for decades,
the technlquos for designing and working with high-
volume flyash concrete are still new to many engineers
"rid contractors, 50 illS important to discuss flyash early
in the design phase.
Flyash reaches its rrH:ixirnum strength more slowly than
typical mixes, although this can be partially addrcssed
by t~~e use of low-water mixes. In some cases, ibis added
time can affect con5truction scheduling, so be sure to
get this information early from the engineer.
A High-volume Ready Mix with bO% flyash
should be :nixed with 20% to 25% less water
than a product wilh riD flyash. The water
quantity is the key to keeping cure time rcasonahle
because accelerant admixtures are expensive and not
alwaY5 effective. The downside is that workabilily---
Including surface finishing-can be somewhat :nore
difficult. l!'is therefore important to use concrete
fínishcrs who arc experienced in wQrking with high-
volume flyash concrete,
Code Considerations
ASTM sets standard, for the chemical compoSition of
flyasl1, but does not specifically limit the amount in
r;om;rete. In st;:H1dard constructiun, the arnount of flyash
specified In concrete has been limited to 15% or 20%,
Thi5 resistance to changing standard practice may be a
larger barrier than any iocally applicable codes,
AÇWMA MUI..T FAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES April ?()04
- -~---- -- -- ,- - -- - - - -,.
-------------------------
Cortsjdera!.[º!l~, f-º!J:~~"sic;l~J1ts
None.
.,-"..",...-....-.--
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
_.."."._~_.,,'_._ _n" _'_"'_,",',",". """'~''''.,_,...,..~.,..,_
BDla Higll-volume flyash concrete mixes
~.- are widely available in the San
~__ Francisco Ray Area and cost the
same as low-volume mixes. However, contractor bids for
"sing high-volume flyash can be high if the contrôotor
is unfamiliar witll working with it. To avoid surpnses,
have tile structural engineer discuss concrete with tile
cDntractor ei;Jrly Dn.
Resources
» Portland Cement Associ~tion provide5 reSDur(:es for
the specification, application and Lise of all types of
cement, concrde cDrlstrucl.ion, and concrete products
including flyash,
www.cernenLorg
~ Building Green has resources on high-volume flyash
concrete: www.buildinggreen,coln
Environmental Design and Construction magazine
has articles on higll-volullle flyagl' concrete,
www.edcmag.com
ACWMA's Materials Database I ists products that
correspond with tbis measure:
www.multlfami Iygreen.org
ACWMA MULTIFAMILy GREE.N BUILDING GUIDELlNE:S Apri1200t1
STRUC'rURt.: MEASURE 02
,f" r'"
L. .~
:::c
c
r-'
.... ,'"
,
'-
:::c
iT
PAGI,7
- - - - - - -~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
j
e/)
:JJ
C
n
(-.
'-
-ri
.... '....
PACE 8
FSC-CERTI FI ED WOOD
Use Wood Products Certified by the
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
WHO KEY BENEFITS
\:c:I-:,)),.'·!':':::"i',¡:
.¡ FUllder
...¡ Policymaker
.¡ Architect
Ý Builder
i¡·":il")·:¡':',]
I' "',. '1':1'1:'.
1""'1 '(,',1
',"I:::t-:::'I
\i Material Efficiency
"",1.';
,,'
I ~ ;
"II"!::'i,:'
.\ ":, I' ~',:~ I I . ·'1 ' . I r
I '\'. ¡';::":',I,"' ",:,,)"
06100. Rough Carpentry, 06400: Architecture Casework/
Woodwork, 09600: Wood Flooring
Recommendation
Specify FSC-certified wood for wood
applicati(Jn~), including framing, flooring,
trim, cabinets, decking and fencing_
Description
The For.,t Stewardship Council (FSC) is a
nongovernmental organization that promotes
standards for sustainable forestry certificatiorl
worldwide änd acçredits forestry certifiers. FSC
principles include management for biological
diversity, long-term forest health and long-term
economic well-being of local communities.
FSC tracks and monitors wood throughout the chain-of-
custody-as it moves from harvesting to manufacturing
and distribution and finally to the point of 5OIe--to
ensure that the clIstomer is actuai Iy getting a certified
sllstainobly harvested product
J.;s
FSC
Tile F'Of(èsL Stewardship COlJncillogo. Look f('1¡· this lat!i'!1 tfl i'!1l.O,uri'! that
wOlla plüducts come fmm wi'!11 managed fori'!:=.t~
STRUCTURE: MI-,Mil,JRf: O:~
FSC authorizes third-party certifying argan izatiuns
to carry out certification, In the United States, these
organizations are SmartWood and SCientific Certificotion
Systems (SCS), These groups certify forest iands and
chain-of-,custody fore 51 products based on FSC gtändard5.
Benefits
FSC certification guarantee5 th~t forests are m¡¡mJgp.d in
a way that will assure tile iong-term ovailability of wood
while protecting the 11ealth of forests and the natural
rp.~OlJrce5 they contain i: nd support..
Appliçation
FSC lumber i;; now availab!e in framing dimensions (2x4
through 2xI2), as plywood, and as other engineered
wood products,
Desi¡::n Details
A It is important to coordinate, with suppliers
in advan,ce to ensure availability and secure
the best pricing, FSC-certifled hardwood Ifor
C:f:lbinet faces and floors, for example) is more readily
<3vðilable and cost effp.ctive than FSC-certified SQftwood
(lOr r{lr)(~~ ,!du(m;;¡tio{¡ ¿¡(¡out uflllitonm&l1t¿:¡lI,¡ µ{eflJri.'lDlt~ W()r)d products, see
Structur/:: MfXJ5Ure O-J-Engineered Lumber / Structure: Measure 05-
AdiJ,if1ærJ fr;¡¡nin¡;; De.5ip:n I .)tf!lçhJ~! Mp..9.'iIJre. ()A--R<9i.~e.d Hep.1 Tnå~f!.~ /
51rudutv: MC¡J:iUfU lU--DuriJblt ~idlllglllr!Is/!CJ::; & I Urrk;f)¡ngs; MC¿j:>Ur(J
OJ-Wood FIDaring Alternatives).
poorly l11(!n8Rp.(J timhl':!r Mrve.:=.tillF, pr( r.ri¡;~~, C8n n<'lmap,i7! ~(:O:'Y!5ti;!m~ And
1)<:1rrn me long tCtl'r'I CC(>110rYliC I/I'ClllìCin.f, of IlICal (;0rnrnuniti(:~,
Code Considerations
------
-..-..--.--.--..---
There are no code issues with certified wood.
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GR~EN aUIL.DING GUIDEI..I!'II ::S ^pr'il ;,'(04
- - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. - - - - - - -, - - - -, ,- ....,.." ,
,( 'I....
\,./",
Considerations for Residents
·_~~~'''~'_~~''.'·~___·..''''W'' . _._____..~..____"_ . ·__'·_~'~_'''N'·~
FSC-certified wood has no direct effect on occupants.
;c;
(
(j
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
mm= FSC-cerfified hardwoods are easier
~~ to find and more affordable than FSC-
~~ certified softwoods. FSC soffwood
prices are generally higher fhan noncertified lumber,
while FSC hardwoods are generally abQ\Jt the sam~ price.
-:
Resources
" Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
Mainfains online lists of certified forests and ollain-of-
cU5tody SLJppl iers:
Tel. (202) 342-0413
www.fscus.org
Metalore (fQrmerly part of the Certified For.,t
Products Council).
Provides information about certification programs,
and 11515 of certified forest, and forest pmduct',
fel. (503) 224-2205
www,certifiedwood.org
, Certified Wood and Paper Associates
, The CWPA works with architects, builder5, specifiers,
and oth~rs to help write correct specifications and find
available FSC products:
Tel. (,,03) 224-'1696
www.cwpa.info
" ACWMA's Materials Database lists products that
correspond with this measure;
www.OJultifamilygreen,org
Third-Patty Cettifier of Wood Products
TI1ese independent certification organizations
maintain online lists of certified forests and chain-of-
custody suppl ieFs.
" Scientific Certification Systems
Tel. (510) 452-8000
www.scscertified.com
C
:::0
:-r:
> Smartwood
Tel. (802) 434-549 t
www.smartwood,org
ACWMA MUI.TIFAMllY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES Arjril 200'¡¡
$T~UÇTURE~ Mf_ASURE 03
PAGE 9
- - - - - - -~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --.
(f)
-..............:
::::0
[
l)
1-
'-
::::0
rrI
PAGE 10
ENGINEERED LUMBER
Use Resource-Efficient Engineered
Lumber Instead of Solid-Sawn Lumber
WHO KEY BENEFITS
v' Dev¡:;!!c)per/PM
F ! ~ I"¡ '. ~" : ~
F('¡:i"vl!"j'II,¡·::r
Ý Architect
ý Builder
¡:.; : ,~ :'it
i-: i"i I i:.:i I 'I,'" i\.'\"ïl ,;;.:~!
1'::'~.:',lt, ,·;ill',(').
::"¡[".',\:'.'I[(::"I",I.I"II'.V
~'II~~i,:.:\: I:Jf:~·,I/:~II\,:V
i I J ,,' , .. < '" ;" r : ~ ' 1-:":: 1 ".." II
\1 Material Efficif!ncy
()P~ I',ii
.:-::":'1]1::::1';· ,,¡,:
ï'ir'::;;(,¡'¡I"';"T',i:,
I":
-.-----..----------.------
DIVISION 6; Wood and Plastics
Recommendation
Substitute solid-sawn lumber with
engineered lumber.
Description
Solid-sawn lumber in sizes 2xlO and greater typically
comes frorn old~growth forests. Engineered IUIT1ber
products, on the other hand, come from small,diarneter,
fast-growing plantation trees. These products include
glued laminated timber (glulami. laminated veneer
lumber (LVLI, larninated strand lurnber (LSLl, µarallel
strand lumber, wood l-joi5ts (T JI), wood floor truss""
oriented strand board (OS B) and other manufactured
wood structural materjal~. ThE;se are descrihed in more
detail below,
Glulams: Laye.rs of dimen.:;;ional lumber bound
together. Can span great distances.
. LVL: The outer veneer/layer ot timber that is bound
together. Useful for long spans and as headers.
" LSL: Structural grade product made from fast-growing
trees, Made up of long strands of wood fiber. Used
wt1ere straightne5S is de5ired, 5\Jch as for 5tlJds and
rìm Joists.
" Parallel Strand Lumber: Very strong engineered
product made of long strands of lumber pressed
together. Used for high density applications, such as
headers and beams.
STRUCTURE: MEAS!Jlì~ ()4
..- - -- -. -
..... ..--.
~ TJls: ass core 'Iweb" m¡¡¡terial sandwiched by either
a parallel strand lumber product or solid core lumber.
Used for floors and roof joists.
» OS8: Cro55 oriented wood from fast-growing species
are bound together. Used for sheathing and many
other applications.
The wood fiber in engineered lumber products is bound
together using v"rious giues, One common binder is
urea formaldehydf.:, which presents some concerns for
indoor air quality, and c(Jn often be avoided (for an in-
depth discussion, see Finishes & Furnishings: M8<JSUffJ 09-C.'.:Jbinels,
CQunter!> and Trim).
Benefits
E.ngineered lumber Cim help improve energy effiçiency
by complementing OVE framing techniques that Increase
insulation levels (Struc:iuru: Mt¿ ::;uru Vb-ArJ'IlinL"cd tri1rflillJ5
Desi¡;;T/ I Strl,Jçture~ MA.¡¡.o:lJfA. Q.9-ln511/¡¡ti(Jn).
Engineered lumber manufacturing uses trees efficiently
by making large-dimension materials out. af wood
chips and young trees. Engineered lumber is more
dimensionally 5table and straighter than conventional
lumber because it doe, not have a grain and therefor.
does not expand and contract as much as sol id wood.
Wuod I-joists use up to 50% less wood fiber to perform
the same structural function as similarly sized solid-
sawn lumber, and they will not twist, warp or split. They
are stronger, lighter and can span greater distances than
2x105 or 2x12s.
OSB IS as strong as traditional plywood and is less
exµensive, Some OSB has a lower formaidehyde content
than plywood, contributing to healthier indoor air quality,
Engineered be~ms such a5 glularn5, p1::lrallel strand
lumber, laminated strand lumber and laminated veneer
lumber replace the need to use old .growth timber, while
providing superior structural charactcristícs.
Fingerjointp.:d studs are straighter and stronger than
solid-sawn studs, helping eliminate crooked wall, and
reducing material waste.'
Application
Applicable to all buildings where sDlid'sawn lumber i$ used.
AcWMA MULilf"A.MILV GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES Ap'iI2OC~
~
º_e_~!gn Deta I I ~___
-_.",.~,~--,----_._--_._."~.~.,,..'.
Plan for the use of engineered lumber from tl1e
beginning of the design pha5e. Take advantages of
design synergies that can result in energy savings and
materials reduction, such as with advanced framing.
Here are somø strategies tor dcsigning with
engineered lumber,
» Joists: Replace with wood l-bearn5 or
engineered trusses
. Non-load-bearing header, Replace with small
members (double 2x65)
» StnJctural he.aders and bcam5: Use engineered
headers and beams
. Fioor joists: Design on 19.2-inch centers to improve
cost efficiency
Code Considerations
. '-.-.......-..'''..'.'''' ""," ,,""",','" . ....-,...".,,". ".'---,p''''.',''' -----'-'-.-"--..-
Most engineered lumber products have been code
approved for 30 years or more,
Fingerjointed duds should crlly be used in vertical
applications and must be integrated into the seismic
engineering design,
I' beam floor ¡(lists. use up to 50% less WOOf) fiber to perform thf! ~ame
~lrllctllri.ì11L1ncllon a~ ~11'lil<."1rly ~i.!.úd ~olid's<."1wn llimber.
ACWMA MULl'IFAMILY GREt:N I3UILDING GUIDELINES ADlï1200~
.. .. - - ,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --
Considerations for Residents
'---'-'"~~'_.~-
Try to purchase engineered lumber that is not made
with formaldehyde binders. Phenol formaldehyde
binders, while not emitting as much formaldeh.yde
as urea formaldehyde binders, may still pose an
indoor air quality concern. The best binder option Is a
formaldehyde.free MOl (methyl dlisocyanate) binder,
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
..1IIIIIi Engjr1~ered lumber is Ç05t
~_ competitive or slightly more
~ '. expensive than conventional lumber.
Some products, like I~beams, will actually require less
labor to install, but may require that the laborers be
ri"lOre $killed. Engineered studs can save time because
of straighter walis, resulting in Ie" shirnrnlng needed to
true walls.
Resources
Building Green. publisher of Environmental
But/ding New5, h.. product information and reviews:
www.buildinggreen.com
ACWMA'. Materials Oatabase liSts products that
correspond with this measure:
www.multifamilygreen.org
STRUCTUf!~~ M~.ASlJHI:: 04
", :.....'\
\'j""
-
::c
(~
'--
,.......'......
(, ,)
-,
c
:::C
.,"",.,',",,
PAGE 11
___________________________________________9'_____________,_____~_____
KEY
CONSIDERATIONS
-----------------.
DESIGN PROCESS
IdEally, green finishes and furnishings should be specified .arly, as part of an
integrated design process (see the introduction t{ thf;!se GlJidelines). U is possi ble, however,
to make incremental improvements to a conventional building that IS already
underway by including 'some"ofthe green finishes ~nd furnishings rneasures
described in these Guidelines. For example, if the original design calls for vinyl
floor.ing, it may be possible to 'sub5titute natural linoleum (Finish(!!; & 1'/Jfr1ishi/J8S:
Measure 06) if there is funding for the added ,cost. Low-VaC paints (Fini.~hes &
FurnLshings: Measure 02) can readily be substituted for conventi.Or1al VaC-compliant
paints, although the cost may be slightly higher and allowances may need to be
made for differences in paint coverage and drying time,
AVAILABILITY
Green and healthy finishes are now much more readily available than even a few
years ago, All major paint manufacturers, for example, make low- or ,'eroNOe paints
that meet performance requirements. There are, many 5uppliers of'linoleum (f'¡t¡iSI1eS
& Fumi5fring~. Mt'èj$utlJ u6¡ and recycled-cont~nt carpet (Finishes & Furnishings: Mui:!$ure 05),
Other product5, while generaldy available, may require more effort to obtain, such as
cabinetry with no added formaldehyde (F:/ni:;hGE¡ & Famisl¡!np,SI M~,~fJrn 09).
COST
It is critical tt1at operations and maintenance .costs be tak~n into account wIlen
considering the costs of finishes and furni5hing$. Some conventionai products cost
less initially thon environrnen!ôlly pre'ferable optiOns, but are infenor in quality
and will require frequent 'and, costly maintenance, 'repair or repl¡:¡cement.
Many green finishes and 'f,urnisllings,are cost-co.m'petitive with conventional
products and can be Llsedinvirtually any aftordablemultifamily housing project.
These indu,de low-VOG paints (Finishes & Furnishings: MfJõ1SUrf:! 02)1 HCFC-free 5e~lar'1ts
(Fini.'ihes & Furni:.hings! Measure 03)1 recycled~content carpet (Fi/l;'5hp.s 8: Furnishings: Meilsurv
O!J), factory-appl ied metal coatings (f'¡nishes &,Furnj.~hin'gs: 'MeBsure 04) and entryways
designed to reduce traC'ked-in pollutants (FifJi.~hes & Furnishings: Mea~'u,u U1).
Certain materialsr such as recycled ceramic tile (Planning & Design; Measure )4)
and bamboo flooring (Fini.~hes & FlJrnishings:,M8i1su(() OJ), may tend to ÇO$t more
than conventional products, requiring a special comrnitment from the
developer. But some of these more expensive green products may provide a
marketing advantage~attractive green materials have a certain cachet amQng
environmentally aware r~nters, homebuyers¡ and perhaps even funder5.
INSTAllATION AND SCHEDULING
On any jobsite, whetl1eF it's a green or conventional project, it is important to
foliow safe and healthy practices such as providing proper ventilation when
appiying paint, adhesive. and sealants. which tYPically offgas the most whe" they
are wet and being applied. Going beyond basic practices and carrying out an IAQ
management plan (Sitf:Jwork: M/J1i!J$lIfC 03) for construction and -preoccupancy phase5
is strongly recommended, Thi5 may affect 5cheduling. For example, flushing aut
interior spaces may require extra time in the construction schedlJle,
-TI
,
z
(r;
I
rTi
t'r,
v·,
Qc
7,
-'
,
',--
;c
,./
.....-
cr,
I
z
c:
((";
ACWMA MULTIFA.MILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES April 2001\
rlNISHES & FURNISHINGS
- - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - ~
fW;E3
.._------------'---------
-------------------------,---------------------------------------~--
-r¡
-;7'
....'~
cn
:T
r':'"\
!,"/"
, )
"""',
).,~\()
,'-
'1
"...<.~~.
~n
".... .~,..
-;
.<~
(/.1
I'
.,.''''''''11"1'"
,"
.~,
..,.,J
,/
Dayllgt1tir'lg,cIJI..Ipl,ed with tow-VOC finishes and
furnishings combine to create enjoyable !;;par.t;!!>
like thsse common roDms at EI Paseo Studios.
ROLES AND
R ESPONS I B I LlTI ES
PRODUCT SUBSTITUTIONS
Be ,urethe entire design and construction team understands the project's green
building,goals and requirements so that design intentions aren't compromised
by product substitutions, To someone not familiar with the principles of green
buildirlg,orle brand of carpet, for'example, may seem as good as another, but the
specified product may Ilave characteristics 'such as superior durability, recycled
content or 10wemi5Slons. In bidding and construction documents, clearly spell
outprodutl5pecification5, and, where app,op,iðte, provide product brand nameS
and even contact information for local suppliers.
MAINTENANCE
To ensure that finishes and furnishings continue to provide health,durability
and environment.1 benefit5, they need to be properly maintained, using effective
but low~toxic cleaning products and maintenance techniques. Teaçh staff and
residents about appropriate 'mainte-nance procedures, and give residents some
guidance.on where to find and how to choose green, healthy furnishings ('u< 1/"
Op~rfitiQIlf, '& Maintf!n~nÇ.f. 5t=;ctian).
l' 'Developer and project manager. For project.s, d~5ïgned a~ green from the st<:lrt,
make a commitment to providing adequate funding for desirable green finishes
and furnishings that may have higher upfront costs but provide long-term
benefits and savings, Recognize that individuõlgreer: building upgrade, will
vary in costì some cost more, others less. Reniember that individual green
building measures add up to more than the sum of their parts, For projects not
designated 35 green from the start, look fer opportunities to m3ke inçremental
improvements by incorporating some green finishes and furnis't1ings.
,Architectand interior designer. Stay current on the performance, cost, availability
and other pertinent characteristics of green finishes and furnishings, With every
product spec, question whether there is another product that would be healthier,
more resource efficiéntj more durable Or provide ottH~r green bBm~fit5.
, Builder. Support the project's green-building goals, Work with subs to en5ure
their support, be vigilant about unauthorized substitutions of products or
procedures, and onsure that all sustainable ¡obsit" procedures are followed,
, Building manager. Educate staff and residents on proper maintenance.
Examine cu~tDrTiary building m(:lrl(3gernent processe5 ¡¡md look for changes that
might contribute to a healthier, greener facility,
FOCUS ON FINISHES:
Betty Ann Gardens
In the B~tty Ann Gard~n~ Farnily Apartments in Ssn J05e, low-VOC interior
paints and varnishes were used throughout the project, helping to protect
indoor air quality. All carpet contains recycled materials, mirlimizirlg the use
of virgin plastics, Carpet.tlles, rather than rolls, were used so tllat worn or
damaged tiles can be selectively replaced rather than replacing large sections
of carpet. Natural linoleum, a durable material made from renewable re50urcc~,
was used for kitchen and bathroom flooring,
- - - - - - - - - - -.. ~, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
To learn more about this project. see the Betty Ann Garderls case study
PAGE4
FINI5HËS. &; FUR:NISHINGS
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUilDING GUIDI:':LlNE:S April 200<1
--~-
----------------
ENTRYWAYS
Design Entryway to Reduce
Tracked-In Contaminants
WHO KEY BENEFITS
.¡ Dt!veloper/PM
I'
.¡ Hei>llh/IFQ
>"":'J",'I
. .·I:,! ;'q'
v' Architect
.¡ Builder
I: ,::: ~ I ' "; I
1":-'1:'''' I'·
.¡ Building MönöBf:!r
.¡ O&M
Ý R~~id€nl Sa1'iM~Jl~tion
¡::,',''''' I",'
...--.''''..--.-.''''''...-.-.--...---..
12485~ EntrywClY Track-off SystE:'.ms
Recommendation
Minimize the amount of contamimnts
tracked inside by installing walk-oft systcms
at the entryway of buildings and units,
Where possible, spccify easily cleaned
floori ng with a hard su rface for tllC
bUllc1ing's cntryways and the units' (Joorways.
Descri ption
One way to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) is to lJ5e
materials and finislle, with low toxicity, including low or
zero levels of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds
(VOC5), Another way is to reduce the "mount of dust and
particulates entering the building from foot tratfic.
Up to two-thirds of (lust in Iwuses is trocked in from
shoes of occuþ8rÜs. The dust contains everything from
sail arId pesticides tD abri:lsive S1:Hld, mold C'::HId bé1cleriël.
Once these partiçl1l¡3tes are inside the building, they ci:ln
be difficult to get rid of, especially frOIll surfaces such
as carpet that readily traps and absorbs large amounts
of particulates. Carpeting also provides an environment
where organisrns such as mit.es and mold can thrive.
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUIL[) NG GUIDELINES Api'll ;~O(J-'I
-----------------
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ M
Benefits
.---.---..-.--....-.--..-...-.
Proper entryway design reduces the amount of dust and
toxins tracked into the building,
In common-area entryways that are maintained by
a ¡""itorial slarr, good entryway design can reduce
cleaning costs and prolong the life of flooring materials.
MPlication
All multifamily building, can be designed for entryway
pollutant control,
º_e~igl1º~taj.!~,.
In multifamily buildings, there are two opportunities
to po,itively affect IAQ through e"tryway design, 111e
common entry areas! such as lobbies, hallways, balconies,
laundry rooms, community rooms and elevator areas;
and tile IlvinE units themselves. The IAO and health
implications are greatest in the living units, especially
thO$e occupied by cl1ildren and elderly residents.
~iere are strategies for good entryway design:
COMMON ENTRANCES
~ Specify a three-component track·off entryway system
that consists or
1. A permeable outdoor mat or grille system to
collect the dirt and water:
2. Indoor mats that aid in scrubbing shoes; and
3, A smooth-surface, waterproot flooring material
that is easily cleaned and will collect any
remaining contaminants from footprints (such as
tile, stained concrete or laminate prodl)çtsl.
These systellls should extend 30 feet into the building
af entryways or as close to that length as possible,
Avoid carpet at entryways because it is hard to clean
and it traps dirt.
/;- Avoid using pesticides and other chemic::als near
bu il dings (P/¿mrliny & Du:;ign: Me,~6'I.If(~ 08 Li.7f1d;iGfi/.Jinp,).
Vacuum, rinse and clear! entryway areas regularly.
" Glazed tiles or other flooring may become slippery
when wet:. Use anti-slip products or methods where
this is a concern.
\> Pave walkways leading to entries ;md discourage foot
traffic througll landscaped areas,
Directly insid(: entryways, specify durable wall finishes
that are easy to clean or touch up, Semi.gloss paint
coupled with wainscoting, chair rails, baseboard5 and
corner guards will reduce everyday wear-and-tear.
FINISHES &. FURN'SHING$~ MI".A~;lml:. 01
.- .-. - - -
-r:
z
(f;
--L
IT
(f.,
0=
"'T1
C
::::0
Z
u:
-T
-'-
z
c::
(f.,
PAGE: 5
-------~---------------------------------
11
Z
if)
J:
Irrl
(J)
G?c::J
m
C
:::0
-,
L
(j)
Z
GJ
(J)
I'N';16
DWELLING UNITS
» Avoid adhered carpeting at F.ntryways.
» Provide area5 near clltryways for rerT10val of wet
outerwear and shoes, This may take the form of a tiled
surface or mudroom.
>'> Address proper cleaning practices in tile residents'
manual (Operations & Maintenaœ: Me<lsl.Jro Ol-TriJinmg 21m}
Manuals).
I'inally, where possible, choose recycled-content track-off
products, A number of vendors now Lise recycled rubber
and other natural materials for track-off products and
doormats (('1<,1)111/)8 & Design: Mefisure 14 ·Rer.yc/ed PrQriIJí:ts).
---. - T~
I
I
I
!'errnanent t)ntryw¡:1y Willu~ like Ibis lIílr.:: !lt~lt.l relilJ(.~() lr,1CKe(1 II)
contami nants ..~t central 0rltr'1ncc~;.
FINISHE~ & FURNISHINGS; MEASURE 01
--------
Code Considerations
----...--^'.....,.'''.
Work with local .iuri5dictiong 10 design entryways that are
accessible to all residents, and take into çonsideratiDr)
p()t.~ntii::ll chi::lnges in tenant types in the future (PliJflfllng
& DI:.':i¡gn: M(\~SllrlJ 16-· ",Ocsl¡:;tJ fOII1Ôa~ìtfibilitV). Carefully
design ramps and stair assemblies so that they meet
ðœessihility requirements while also allowing for track-
off 5Y~t~ms.
Considerations for Residents
-..--.....-.---...-.--
.-..,,,....-.-
Occupants will benefit by having cleaner entrances and
fewer contaminants in5ide their homes.
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
-.-,..,.,-...,.,...,,-,.-.--..-
,
I'
__a Tecllniques!or managing entryway
~_ contarrllrlailorl can be as simple as
. "
. floorrnats. Other strategies, including
tile or Ilard surfaces for cntryways, çan ço~,t more than
carpeting. but have the potential to last mucll longer.
^ three·"tep grille system witt> mats and easy cleaning
access will acid some expense, and äre often :;pecia!-or-
der items requiring additional design time,
Proper entryway design, however, is far less expensive
than ,OOle other IAQ practices or materials, witll tile
potential for much greater success.
Resources
Environmental Building News article, "Keeping
Pollutänt5 Out: Entryway Design for Green Buildings,"
Vol. 10, No. 10,
www.buildinggreen.com
AmericaJl Lung Associatìon HealthHouse has
guidelines for ensuring good IAQ,
www.healthholJ5F..Qrg
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GRËËN BUILDING GUlbI::LlNE:S Apri12C0t1
- - ~ - - - - - -,- - - - - - - -, - -. - - -- - - ....- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --,
INTERIOR PAINT
Specify Low- and Zero-VOC Interior Paint
WHO KEY BENEFITS
,¡ Developer/PM
.¡ Ard1itect
.¡ Builder
I ~~ '
,¡ BuilUin¡¿, MéJnager
.¡ Health!1 EO
..; Site/CürTHf1Ufllty
,I!""
,¡ O&M
ý Rr.sident SatisfJctioll
09912~ Int~riar P¡1inl
Recommendation
--------.-------.--...----
...--.--.-.-"..--...---..
Specify low- or zero-VaC paint for interior
primer. flat, semi-gloss and high-gloss
appliciJl.ions.
Give pre!erew:e to water based slains and
firli';h coat sealants wherever pos~;ilile.
Description
The strong .smell that p~int normally emits is frorn the
evaporation at volatile organic compounds (VOC5), Most of
this offgassing OCCurS during and in the first few days after
painting, but the health and comfort impaçt~ on paint.ers
and occupants can be substantial during tllat period,
VOl, Fr:3tillgS are generally reported for the b8se paint
betore the product is tinted, Most tints are synthetic and
add some VOCs, alUwlIgt1 ':1 few brands have true zero-
VQC tint:>. B~Ca115e of the vacs iI11int.s, s8turated colors
usually hJve higher 18vels of volatilc5 than light colors.
Some manutacturers only otter low-VOG paints In the
light and moderate tints.
Low-VOC interior paints should have the tOllowing VOG
limits before C':olorants are added to b8ses (based on
Green Ssal'$ rcquircmcnts for VQCs):
Non-II"I, 150 gr8rrdliter (gll)
Flat 50 g!1
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDËUNË$ ADril200/,
M05t pairlt companies now carry products that meet
these VOG limits,
Many paints if1c)ude preservatives that may contain
tormaldehyde and other harmful compounds. Fortunately,
low- and zero-VaC paints havc reduced levEls of the:se
malerlals, but some still do use tllem In tlle;r products.
Healthy paint formulas have been substantially improved
nver the past few years, so concerns about performance
and cast of the fir~t generation of low- and zero-VaC
paints ilave largeiy been addressed. All the large
rnanufacturers have proven products, including Bcnjamin
Moore Pristine Ec{)spec, Kelly Moore Enviro-Cotet
Pittsburgl1 Paints Pure Performance, AFM SafecQ"', ICI!
Glidden LiteMas!er 2000 and SllerWln Williams Harmony
A variety of water-based stain5 and finish sealers 8t'e now
availabie t,hat pertorm as well as oil-based products, but
with much lowor VOC levels.
Benefits
Low- and zero-VOC paints provide n~HT1eroUS benefits
over standard "VDC compliant" paints (tor'more,~bl)uttl"/e
"VQC can;plial1t" label, SAP. CadA ConsideratiDns section). Benefits
include,
Improved indoor air quality for workers and occupants,
Ilelping aileviate asthma. headaches, and lung and
eye irritation,
» All low/zero-VaC paints are water-based, so cleanup
doesn't require paint thinner, reducing t.oxic wC::Iste at
the jobsite,
> Reducing vacs helps reduce ground·l.vel ozone
forrn8tion, more commonly known as smog. Smog,
according to the u.S. EPA, contributes to lung
damage, skin cancer and reduced resislance to
infection in humans, as we.11 as crop and forest
damage and otlier problems, Using low-vac products
can help reduce these risks.
Low-vaC painls tYPically Ilave lower levels of toxic
bíocidcs (pre::.ervatives), including formaldehyde.
Lettover ialex paint can be recycled back into
paint. Oil-based paints "rid 5ulvents are typically
"downcycled" (that is, turned ínto a product with less
value than paint) or are incinerated to prodlJc~ power.
FIN SH~S & FURNISHINGS; Mr_ASURE 02
Ïl
Z
en
....,,..
-L
rrl
Cí.
Qa
I'
C
:::0
Z
UJ
¡-
z
G)
(/)
PAm_ 7
-------~---------------------------------------------------
.,
z
(f)
-r
-I.-
:n
(.l)
1::>0
I~
-r,
C
:::0
Z
(f)
~..
i
--'-
z
G)
(f)
PACE 8
Application
Applicable to all interior painted surfaces except mctals,
pli35tìcs and special high-abuse areas such as over
sinks in bathrooms and kitchens, High abuse areas may
require specially formulated latex Or oil-based/¡;Ikyd
pöints for their stain-covering and durability properties.
To improve duräbility and make dei::lning easier in heavily
uSEd spaces suçh as çorridor~, rc:~troDm5 and laundry
facilities, use a semi-gloss or highly reflective paint
When renovating Or repainting an older building, test for
lead in carlier coats of paint If lead paint is present use
appropriate disposal and abatement methods,
DesJ&D De",tails
__ "..u
Proper pdint application should be a part of good
indoor air quality (lAQ) construction practlcos, First,
minimizc potential IAQ concerns trom painted surfaces
by specitying that materials be finished offsite whenever
possible. Second, allow sufficient ventilation and
airing out of the areas during and after painting to
reduce exposure to any remaining VOCs (SitewrJrk: Measure
03-Con_~trur:ti()n fAQ MalJw;:ement I Fini$hes "~ Fl!flJi.<;I1ing); Mp.~':'lJrA
04-Met{:¡/ Coatings),
Some low.. <:1nd zero"VQC paiflts perfQrm differently than
palnt5 with volatile additives-for example, spread,
cover and drying time may differ-so it is important
to check t~1e perfon-flance with i:H1 experienced painter
ahead of time.
A Keep in mind tllat many professional painting
contractors änd suppliers rn¿¡y have a negdtive
view of low-VOC paints duo to problems with
first-generatìon products. Make sure they Il8ve trie.d
the latest products, as low/zero-VOC paints have been
reformulated to imprQve perforrnançe.
Code Considerations
VOC IImit5 are reglJlated by the U.S, cPA nationally and
the St.te of Caiifornia locally. Most paints have language
such as "Low-VOC Compliant" or "voc Compliant." This
merely refers lo California's VOC limits. It does Ilot mF.:an
lhe product Illeets this GUidelines' recommended VOC
leveI5--lt simply means the product is legal for sale In
the State of California,
.Ǻnsiderations for Residents
People with chemical sensitivitiF.:s can hi"JVF. adversc
reactions to paint. Low- or zero-VOC paint mayor may
not help tl1ls.
Educate occupants and building maintenance s1aff about
the benefits of lowhero-VOC paint and encourage them
to cont.inue using those products (Or.)uriWUn:' & M' lilior!¿ ¡':t~,.
Mp.,;w/'p' 0 I T;"in/rlg ¿~{ld ,IVο!PU¿¡/:;}.
FINISHES & FURNISHINGS: MEASUR[ 02
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
E!:IIiiIII:I:II Some zero,VOC pai nt5 are r.on5idered
~.- premium grade by manufacturers and
~~ cost the same as standmd premium-
grade paints. However¡ more contractor-grade product
lines are becoming availahle in low/zero-VQC v(3.rietie~;
these are price.d lower Ulan premium paints. The incre-
mental retail price of Illost low- and zero- VOC paints
ranges from $0 In $4 per gallon, depending un brend,
qlJantity and product line differenccs.
Coverage, spreadabilit:y and drying time may affecl
product or lahor costs, Some low-VOC products take
longer to dry and may not cover or spread as well as
standard paints. Check with professional insta!lers on
these iSSlJes.
Resources
Green Seal verif,"s VOC levels and rates products that do
not contain hmTnful solvents, formaldehyde and specific
he~vy rnetal5: www.greel1seC:lI.Ot'g.
" Scientific Certification Systems (SCS) verifies VOC-
free produçt claims: http://scsl.com
» Green Resource Center's "greener paints" fact sheet
www.greerlreSDlJrCecenter.{)rg
» Environmental Building News has a comprehensive
review of paint i:lnd vac issues in Vol. 8, No.2:
www.buildinggreen.coITl
" California Department of Health Services'
Specification Section 01350 outlines ernissions
standards: www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Grocn Sui Id i Ilg
" California Integrated Waste Management BOðrd
has a publication Drl recydeJ latex paint:
www.ciwmb.ca ,gov/pu bl i cat i ons/b uyrecyc ledl
43197034.doc
, Housing and Urban Development has a section af its
webslte dedicated to lead paint safety, www.hud.gov/
office5/le,d, For HUD', Le8d Pai"t Sofety guide. go 10:
www.hud.gov/officcs/lead/trailllng/LSf.guide ,pdf
ACWMA's Materials DaLabase lists products lh8t
correspond with thi~ mcasure:
www.multifam i Iygrcen.arg
ACWMA MUlTIFAMILY GREEN aUILDING GUIDEL.INES A[Jri12004
--~-------"
------------------------------
ADHESIVES AND
SEALANTS
Specify Solvent·Free (Low- and Zero-VOC)
Adhesives and HCFC-Free Foam Sealants
WHO KEY BENEFITS
.¡ Developer/PM .¡ Hoalth/lEQ
f:'¡:'i .¡ Sitf!fCommunity
\"'1> II '::~. '~'I,,:I~ ,,',~: " :.",'1 ' ' ,~( ley
.¡ Architect ' ,"" I :": I I (. ? ~ II' ;"'\,
.¡ Builde.r '\',;::-'r'.,:I"i¡':11 , C:I"t':\,'
HI> ' ; (,~ t .¡ O&M
.¡ Building Manager J Resident Satisfaction
;" I\j ~::: I:;~ i'.:;v :":i)\fì
-.-.-""-.-,,-"""".""-.."".
07922: Caulk Joint Sealants, 07924. hJarTl Joint Sec¡l~rHS
09601. Floori ng Adhesives
Recommendation
_.,.",_.""',.._~,...___,_.,..~",n....._'_.,.
Specify low- and zero-VOC construction
adhesives and adhesive caulks that do not
contain solvenb.
Specify foam sealants that do nol
contain HCFCs,
Description
ADHESIVES
Many conventional construction adhesives and adhesive
caulks arc solvent-based and release significant amounts
of volatile organic compounds (VOC5), Low, and zOrO-
VOC, low-toxic and water-based products are now
available from many manufacturers to replace solvent-
based products (for rrwre liI/Ò.rm¿ fioI1 aÓO(lt low ,'!l1d .7AfO-·VOC
PI"QdU(:tfo and Othf'!f inrl(JQf air quality issues, see Sitewurk: M8<Jsun'
03--Corlslrudioll lAG Mi:lII¿*fJr'rlur!t,' Sltewo/'k; Met/sure 04---H87ard()IJ.~
Materials and Waste / Finishes & Furnishings: MG<Jsuru U¿·",,·/r1torio( f>;:1i¡¡tJ.
,-,-" ","~".."---
» Polyurethane and acrylic/latex adhesives "r"
noncombustible, very low in VOCs and have low
odor, They provide good bonding 5trength with
spread and cover comparable to normal construction
adhesives. Most also cure at the same rate as their
more toxic counterparts.
» Flooríng adhesives are also available in low- and zero-
VOC versions,
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GIô1EEN BUILblNG GUIDELINES April 200<1
FOAM SEALANTS
Foam sealants are used to seal penetrations in the
building envelope. Select products that do not contain
hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) as the foam's blowing
agent HCFCs contribute to the depletion of the ozone
layer and to global warming (fvrrnurr::in(or(lIðtiol1, see SV5Mm.~.'
Measure 08-High-Efficiency Air Conditioning with Adv<Jr¡G8Ú Rofrigerli!1t).
Benefits
Low- and zero-VOC construction adhesives eliminet" the
need for highly volatile cleanup products suell as paint
thinner, Low-, and zero-VaC products improve air quality
for construction workers and occupants.
HCFC-free foam ,ealants are environmentally preferable
because they contribute leS5 to ozone depletion and
global warming than HCFC-based foams.
Application
,.. ...- ._._.~..,~---
POlyurethane construdion adhesives can be used
on foam, wood, metal, fibergJa55 and most common
building materials under most weather conditions. Low-
and zero-VOC adhesives are also available for carpeting,
naturallinQleum, tile and other building products,
Foam sealants can be used to seal penetrations in the
b~Jilding Envelope (for more on se¿lling p8nelr¿W0/1S, see Systems!
Measure 10 Advanced Ventil~tiQn Pf~ctices).
Design [)!!~ªl!s
To make implementation easier, include within the
$pecificaticns the specific brand names of low-VOC
products arld locations of product retailers.
On construction walk-throughs, routin~ly check
di5carded sealant and adhesives containers and verify
they are solvent·,free.
A Many contractors are accustomed to using
adhesives and ,ealants with high VOCs. Early
discussion, training and product testing
can alleviate contractor5' concerns and ensure that the
specified products arc used,
Code Consideration_~"._,
Low-VOC adhesives and sealants meet and exceed
California code requirements for reduced VOCs, The Bay
Area Air Quality Management District sets standards
for VOC emi"ion, frum products. These gUidelines
are stringent, but many product. have far iower VOC
levels thon is required by code, Specity the lowest VOC
levels possible by selecting water"bas"d products and/or
eliminating solvents wherever possible.
FINISHES & FURNISHINGS; MEASURC œ
- - - - - - .- -
11
Z
(j)
I
rrl
(j)
Qo
11
C
::::0
Z
(/)
:r:
z
G)
(j)
IW:;E9
- - - - - - -~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --,
I]
z
(/)
I
fTl
(/)
Qo
II
C
;:0
Z
if)
-,-
._,
,/
G)
(f)
PAGE 10
..' ... - - - - -
Considerations for Residents
-"~.''''.'."",... .~--_. -------..---
Low- and zero-VaC products 11elp Improve indoor air
quality. This is'a particular issue for flooring adhesive5
that may offg" Into the living space for. long time
(Fini~hA.~ & FlImiSI1inf,S.- Mot1$uro 06 ('i¡rpctllig I f"¡'nisfìu:; & r urn/stllng::;;
Measure VÔ-N<Jturaf Linoleum).
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
~a Low- and zero-VOC adhesives and
~.- soalants do not cost more than sol-
~~ vent-based products. Some adl1eslves
may be more difficult to iocate at retail outlet$, though
most are availabl~ through normal contractor suppliers.
Foam sealants that do not use HCFC, are available
at retail úutlet~ and contractor suppliers, and are
competitive in price with standard products,
Resources
".......-..--.
BuildingGreen, publisher of EnVIronmental Bui/ding
News, Ilas information about environmentdlly
preferable adhesives and sealants, including product
li~t5 and reviews;
www.buildinggreen.com
Green Sea' is a third-party labeling agency that
has VOC guidelines for commercial construction
adhesives: ,
www.greenseal,org
» LEED Reference Guide version 2.1 has l¡¡¡ngLJage on
vac requ irernents for adhesives and sealants:
www.usgbc.org
" Bay Area Air Quality Management District sets rules
tor vac limits of adhesives and se¡¡¡lant5. Download
Rule 51 at:
www.baaqmd,gov/dstlregs/rg0851.pdf
" ACWMA's Materials Database lists products that
correspond with thi5 m~aslJr~:
www.multifami Iygreen ,org
F"lNISHES &, FURNISHINGS; MEASURE 03
ACwllllA MULtiFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES ripril ;;004
- - ~ -- --- - -- - ------------- -- - - - - --
METAL COATINGS
Specify Factory-Applied Finishes
on Metal and Other Products
WHO KEY BENEFITS
-J Develúper/PM
ý HealthllCQ
Ý Site/Community
11,1''';
::¡C,i''''I''''I:;:,I,
,',,::'/ r:ri(:I';;':',¡,
-j Architect
1/ Builder
.\':" I 11':'"
VI Material Efficiency
.¡ O&M
Ý Resi(i~nt SatiMõ;)(:1k)rl
!';¡ --
'I: 1"/
;'T;,''',
....---.--...-.-..,.
....,..--------
DIVISION 5: Melals, 095170: Melal Co¡:¡tings
Recom mendation
Reduce the amount of site-applied finishes
to metal and other products by specifying
factory-applicd finisllcs wherc applicablc,
Description
---
Most met~1 çm.ltings, inçllJding primers and pairlts,
are oil-based products with high 50lvent levels. It is
possible to avoid using most of these products on site by
specifying factory-finlSlied malerials and by designing
to i3ccornmodate vðriab!e field conditiQns 5D that most
fí€ld cutting and weldìng isn't necessary. Fliminating
metal coatings trom the construction site reduces waste
and makes cleanup. handling and waste disposal easier.
(For mOrF! information (1hnut in(in(J/" air quality iSSlJes related fo interior
rin,s/) product:., :;r:.·c ¡.if)¡s/~c::; & I UI..¡¡'~Ir¡'ngs: Measurr 02, In/tYlor r'a/nt;
Mea.~lire O:i-Adhp..~ivp.s and Seal,:Jllts; and Meawrp. O.9-Cahinets,
Co/mte!:o: ,snd Trim)
POWDER COATING
A de5ign that accommodate5 hr;tory,.finished rTlf:tals
can often make use of powder coating, for tills
treatment, dry powder IS applied to metal (or wood) via
a spray gun. The powder particles adhere to tl1e surface
and are held in pli::lce with an electric c;harge until they
me fused in a curing oven, The result is a uniform,
durable and 11igh-qualily finish that Is solvenl-free
and has low emissions, Powder-coat. ovcrspray can be
readily retrieved and reusee!.
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES Ap"i12004
....-..-- .---.---------,-
Benefits
-----~_.~'..,.~~"._.'.~ ...., ."'",'."~~~-,-"',.._.~--
Metal products finished at factories (preferably in
Californid because of the state's'strict emissions and
waste handling regulations) reduce the exposure of
jobslte workers and occupants to chemicals.
Cleanup of many paints and other products results
in hazardous waste¡ finishing materials oftsite makes
it ea5ier for the hazardous wdste to be dealt with in
complìance wìth environment¿;¡llaw5. F¡¡:¡ct.ory finishing
also minimizes sife contamination and potontlall:abillfy
from spills and illegal dumping (Silework: Measure 04--
H,i7i!/d(Jljs Materials 8nd Waste).
Application
Railings, bike racks, overhangs. trelli.." handr"ils and
othe, metal products can be finished af the factory.
Othe.r products, sllch as shelving, flooring and some
outdoor furnishings can also be ordered with a powder
coating or finished offsite.
F:;!~10rY'·¡¡rpliF!r! [.oatillg!; CJn meTal r¡:¡ilings reduce onsite exposurr.:: lo loxic
n1l'!tct';al~, ¡¡n(llimit hFl7(mJnlJ~ W¡¡stf'!.
FINISHE:$ &. FURNISHINGS~ Mb_A5URE. OiÍ
11
Z
C/)
~
!
ïTl
U)
Qo
-n
,
c
;0
,/
C/)
_L
/"
G)
(f)
PAGE 11
-------IIIIŒIIJBJ---------------------------------------------~--"
I]
/'
(J)
,
-'-
,11
(j)
ø::¡
-...-'
I
C
:::0
"7
~
C/)
-
-,
¿
GJ
CI)
r'Ä(~F 12
º!!§lg!)_º-I[!~ªJts'"____. ____""
One reason metal is finished on site is because metal
products often need to be cut and welded during
installation, During construction, products don't always
fit as designed_ This can present a problem witll
prefinished meta! becausE it rnust be rec:::oated once it is
cut and welded,
If designers are "Ware 01 tllis potential problem, they
Can aJlow for the$e tQlerarlces by leaving some extra
room_ Some cutting and welding may stili be neco"ary.
however, and the metals should be recoated to preserve
them, It metal must be finished on site, consider using
an acrylic>'b<::l5ed product..
Always ask for matching touch-up paint from
manufacturers.
Code Considerations
None,
Considerations for Residents
Factory finishes result in le55 exposure to VOCo for
construction workers and occupants.
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
I:.!!!ma Powder-caated products are cost
~.- competitive with finishe5 In~talled
~__ on site. Additionally, clc"nup and
hazardous waste disposal costs are reduced.
Resources
"II Powder coating industry's informational website:
www.powdercoat.com
, Building Green's GreenSpec Directory hos listings
of alternative metal primer materials_
www.buildinggreen.çom
F"INI5HES & FURNISHINGS~ M[f\Sl)R[ 04
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES April 2004
--~---------------------------------------------
CARPETING
Select Natural, Recycled-Content
and Low"VOC Carpet
WHO KEY BENEFITS
..; Developer/PM
. '" .,' "I r. I ,',," ~ r
..; He2Ith/I[Q
¡ï'.
"li,J "¡
1,",lf.,\I:,1
"¡f:\'.i'
V Architect
\,":·1 "'II
Material Efficiency
O&M
Resident Satisfaction
1'/\
I..;
Ij
i
__---L____
"jii,"""
c" ~"." I
Ý Building Manager
09680: Carpet
Recommendation
In cornrnon arhJS, selecl commercial-grade
CiJrpet with recyclecl content and low VOC
emissiun~;. Specify prod ucls that pass the
ernission tests in the StiJte of CiJliforniiJ's
Special Environmental RequirelTlellb
Specification--Section 01350.
In residential units. select natural fiber
carpet or recycled-content synthetic fiber
carpet If a carpet underlay is needed,
specify a hlgll recycled-content product
with low VOC emissions,
Description
Carpet, and flooring in gent;ral, is an area of intense scrutiny
for waste reduction efforts because so much is used, it
is frequently replaced, and it is difficult and expenSive
to recycle. One method to minimize the environmental
consequences of carpeting is to limit its use: don't u~e wall-
to-wall carpeting if you don't need to. To further reduce waste
C::Inu improve indoor äir qUality (IAQJ. use a durable carpet
with a high recycled content and low levels of volatile org¿H1it
compounds (VOCs), and lIse a low-VOC adhesive,
CARPETS AND VOCS
The State of Cal ifornia's Special Environmental
Requirements Specification-Section 01350 contains
specification language on environmental and public
health considerations for sustainable bUilding projects,
Section 01350 w,,, developed by the California I nt.grated
AÇWMA MUI..TIFA,MII.Y GR~E;N aUII..,DlNG GUIDEI.INE5 ^r)ril ?OCì4
W.ste Management Board (CIWMB), Department of
Health Service5 and Qther state agencies and experts.
The specification covers many aspects of green building,
including energy, materials and water efficiency, and IAQ.
Section 01350 includes product selection guidelines, a5 well
as testing protocols that require manufacturers to have their
products test~d by independent laboratories for compliance
with specific ~mi~sinn5 levels. CIWMB rnaintains a database
of products that have passed the test ($(;O f'ÌilJs(){¡rces St~ct¡on).
CARPET CUSHION
Depending on tile kind of carpet used, carpet cushion
(or underlay) may be needed, Carpet cushion can
improve carpet's insuJatior1 properties, reduce wear from
foot traftic and furniture, and prolong appearance. It i"
avail;:¡ble in a variety of tllicknesses, the most common
being 1/4_ and 1/-:-inch. Carpet cushiDns, made from bonded
urethane, jute, syntlletic fiber and rubber, are avail.ble
wllh high percentages of recycled materials. 1I1e Carpet
and Rug Institute (CRI) labels low,VOC carpet cushions
witl1 the Green Label. CR I also labels carpets, but their
testing protocols are not as stringent as Section 01350,
CLOSING THE LOOP
Recycling carpet at the end of Its uselul lite is important.
Many carpet manufacturer5 are implementing programs
for pickup, reuse or recycling of old carpet. Some
manufacturers also offer carpet leasing as a way to
prmnote recycling and possible reuse. Check with
vendors for such take-back prQgrams.
Benefits
Purchasing recycled carpet helps promote markets for
recycled products, Recycled-content carpet made from
soda bottles (PET plastic) offe,s vibrant colors and
high stain resistance thanks to the plast.ic's natural
stain-deterring properties. Recycled nyion carpet, more
commen in commercial-grade products, performs the
salnc as nnnrecycled products. Some r1ylon5 C8n be
processed back Into carpet fiber, while others are grOlmd
~Jp and used for backing materials.
Natural fiber carpets are made from renewablü rcsourçes
that are replenished in less tllan ten years,
Low-VUe carpeting, cushion and adhesive, improve
indoor air quality by reducing offgassing.
Application
, ,.,,~. ,..."...-...-
High recycled-content, iow-emlssion carpet can be used
everywhere standard carpet i5 used. Areas with high
traffic, such as entrances, lobbies and community areas,
çan benefit from resilient commercial-grade sheet or tile
carpeting, If the budget allQws, use durable cMnrnercial
carpet for the residences as well (fur ;n!OrrrliJiiu{J <rDUul fIMrin;.;
/0/ Cnl'ryways, see Finishes ~~ Furni.5l1in~~ MeR.5iJrA r77-F.ntryways).
FINISHES & FURNISHINGS; MEASURE 0.71
Il
Z
(/)
....L
;-11
(()
1<'0
Il
C
:::D
"'7
"'--
(J)
---
,
-"-
Z
GJ
ef)
~'A(~I 13
-------~---------------------------------------------------
'1
Z
en
~
fïl
if)
Do
t'.......
11
C
;C;
""7
~
(f)
...,-
I
---,
Z
GJ
if)
f:'AG[' 14
º~lôJ.grL Detai I s
COMMON AREAS
Instei::ld of using wall-to-wall carpeting, consider reducing
the amount ot carpet used by covering less at the
floor's surface area. Stained or colored concrete and
other thermal mass floors (Systems: Measure 02) or natural
linoleurTi (Finishes & FUfl1!shi¡Jf,5: Measure (6) can accomp~ny
the carpeted areas as attractIVe design teatures,
__..._.__.."W ,,,..,~
Consider u5ing commercial.gr¡¡:¡de carpet, which is
m'Jch more durable than residential carpet. Carpets are
available with 100% recycled backing, and some aiso
have recycled-content face fiber. C(]f15ider the earpet's
color and its eftect on maintenance: light-colored c.rpet
tends to show dirt more readiiy than darker colors, Select
solution-dyed carpets rather than carpets dyed using
other r'r1ethoc15: sQlution-dyed carpets are mare colorbst
and hold up better to heavy-duty cleaning, Carpet tiles
are also a good DptiDn thanks to improvements in the
bonding technology,
fhese carpút lill2~ ¡;t)rltain recycled content and have low-vac
Cr'1li~si(Jrl::;. CiJrµet tiles reduce waste bp.r.alJse warn sediQn~ r.an be
:õelcclively replaced.
RESIDENTIAL UNITS
Use recycled-content ç;;3rpet, which is typiçally made
from discarded plastic bottles. Some manutacturers also
otfer recycled nylon, wool and cotton carpets, Natural
flooring materials made from wool or plant fibers such as
jute¡ seagrass, sisal, linen and coir are av¡:¡ilable, but may
be more expensive or less durable than synthetic carpets;
if used, residents should be made aware of specific
maintenance technique5. The main advantage of natural
fibers is that they come trom biodegradable, rapidly
renewable resources.
INSTAllATION AND MAINTENANCE
Recycied nyion and plastic carpets have the same
installation and mair 'l~nance r~quirerT1ent$ as
nonrecycled carpets, It carpeting Is to be glued down,
use a low- or no-VDC adhesive; rTlany manufacturers now
make product" that perform well. Some carpet tile
FINISHES & FURNISHING5: MEASURE C~;
manufacturers utilize a low-toxic glue ttlat is factory-
applied, thU5 reducing VOC emis5ions on site (Fini.5hes &
Fumlsl¡ln;rs; Me8Sure 03 Adl1eMves ,9110 Set1hmts),
Vacuum carpets regularly to ensure good indoor i;lir quality.
For daily maintenance, use vaClJum~ with HEPA fílter.;;.
Code Considerations
None,
Considerations for Residents
Low·vac carpets and adhesives can ,mprove indoor air
quality over standard products that do not meet tile
specification 01350 ernissions tests. Carpet cushions
labeled with the CRI label wili tend to reduce vac
emissions during the first weeks and months atter
installation.
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
œDIIlZllln general, thErE,iS little tQ nq
........ premium tor bUYing high recycled-
~' content carpet
Using more durable commercial carpet reduces
replacement costs, Warranties on commercial products
can be twice that of re$idential carpet warranties.
Carpt;t tiles may 5ßVe money ber.ause. damaged tiles
can be selectively replaced, but this requires stocking
spare tile5 in case the product line is discontinued.
Resources
....,'. ...,"'..,_.,--,..
..._..n......_"_.._.__
Carpet America Recovery Effort (CARE), a voluntary
industry/government initiative, seeks to keep çarpet~
out of landtills, www.carpetrecovery,org
California Integrated Waste Management Board1s
Section 01350, www.ciwmb.ca.gov/greonbuildlngl
Specs/SectlonO 1350
Products that passed the emissions tests:
www.ciwmb.ca ,gov/grcen bu i I d i ng/S pecs/EastE n d/
detaulthtl1l
U.S. EPA's Comprehensive Proç~m~ment Guidelir1E~
have intormatlon on recycled-content carpet and
underlay, www.epa,gov/cpg
Environmental8uilding News (Vol. 3, No.6) has an
articie about sheet carpeting, www.buildlnggreen.com
Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) sponsors the Green
Label tor certltled carpet pads, www.carpet-rug.com
> ACWMA's Materials Database Ids products that
correspond with this measure;
www.multifami Iygreen .org
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES Ar)(il ?IJlì4
--~--------------
NATURAL LINOLEUM
Use Natural Linoleum for
Resilient Flooring
WHO KEY BENEFITS
..¡ D~veloper/PM
Ý Hoalth!1 EQ
i:î"
;,;,'.
f ·,11',,1'1
..¡ Architect
.¡ Builder
.¡ Resident
..¡ Building Manager
··1.;,,-,;'"
i: "1', ;.(",
Ý Material Efficiency
I' O&M
..¡ ResÍi..1ent S~ti5fõ::lctiürl
...-....---..-..-."'..
09!j80: Resilient Flooring
Recommendation
Specify niJl!HéJllirloleurn for
resilient flooring
Description
-.-...-.--.-....-"..--
Naturallinoleurn is i::J durable product that was once the
standard resilient flooring in the United State5, but has
been largely displaced by dleaper vinyl flooring, Vinyl
flooring is often callcd '1Iinoleum," but it is not the same
material. In recent years, real linoleum has been making
éI comeback because of iLs environmental. healtll and
perforrnanc:::e advantages over vinyl.
Linoleum is made from rapidly renewable materials,
includirlg linseed oil (frorn rlax), powdered wood
~nd/Dr cork, ground limestone, resin binders and dry
pigments, wìth a natural jute fiber backing. The linoleum
manufacturing process uses relatively little energy and
very few chlorine·, or petroleum" based reS{)Urt;es.
Polyvinyl [:hloride (also called PVC or vinyl), on the other
hand, is made from petrolcum, (.I nonren~wable resource.
The manufacture at vinyl floorin£ and other F'VC producf"
produces dioxin, a persistent environmental toxin. In
additic.Jr1, vinyl is less durable thän linoleum, requiring
more material change ·outs over the building's life.
Benefits
Lìnoleum is a durable tlooring material. often lasting
three tirnes as long 8S vinyl. It is easier to clean tllan
carret. anrl naturally inhibits microbial growth on its
surface, Scratches, cuts, abrasion and c:igarette hurns in
1ino!eum can be readily repaired.
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GRE:.E:N BuiLDING GUIDELINES Ä:)l"iI2001,
--------------------------_._-,----
B.~!ic;ati(?D _____________
Resilient flooring is installed wherever a durable surface
i5 needed, including entryways, hallways, kitct1ens,
common area$ and laundry facilities (fofspecific information
¡rfJ(IU/ !"nt(vway fl(J¡)rilìf,J see Fi/JiMes (~ Fumi5h¡nR-~! Mf.f 81J1"f. 01).
Linolf;um çOIT1es in hundreds of colors and patterns ill
botb slleets and tiles.
Naturallmoleum is durable i:IrIU cõI::;ylL1 rTlõlmlõ1lrl.
Design Details
A Linoleum installation i5 more complex than
vinyl sl1eet or tile installation. 8e sura to tJ$f.
, än in$!a/Jer certified by the manufacturer.
Linoleum ínstallation requires skilled labor; proper
surface preparation, cutting and gluing require training.
Linoleum rnust be instðlled on a smooth, dry surtace,
Different adhesives are used with linoleum than with
vìnyl. Linoleullì adhcsives generally have vf;ry IDw Or no
vac content. Do not allow contractors to use tl-'e same
glues and methods for installing linoleum i::IS Lhey do
for vinyl. Follow the manufacturer's recommendation
for adhesives.
In multifamily housing. linoleum should be findled
with the manufacturer's low-vac surface treatment.
Do not use waxes. Waxing introduces new, potentially
harmful chemicals, and leads to the need for stripping
and resealing the floorr increasing Illaìntenance. In
high traffic areas! sealers can be applied to increase
resil icnce.
FIN $"H~S &. FURNISHINGS~ Ml""AWRE CJ6
ïl
Z
(f)
-L
rn
(f)
Ro
ïl
C
:::0
Z
(J)
""""r-
--L
Z
GJ
if)
Pþ,CE 15
--- - ---~- -- --- --- --,
'1
Z
(j)
:1,
;ïl
(f)
Ro
11
C
;0
/~
(/)
I
7
-
GJ
Ul
f·'AGr 16
--------------------------------~.
Code Considerations
--._.,',.._..._,.---.,'-_._.,------~_. . ~_._'_...
Tl1e same code considerations apply to linoleum as to
"ny other resilient Tloor'lng product
For low-VOC emissions standards for resilient flooring,
see tl1e following documents,
, State, of California, South Coast Air Quality
M"n"gerTlent District Rule #1168 for adl1esives and
sealant" www.aqmd.gov/rules/html/rlI68.html
, BUilding Material Emission Study,
www.ciWrT1b.ca .gov/Gree t1 B u i I d i ng/S pees/
SectionO 13 50/METStlJdy. htm (for infDrmation about this
spec/f'ic¡¡¡iOil, ¿¡I$O $e~ f"'inis/ f.;f, <.~ Fumishi/Jp.s: Mf;!aslJre O.I5-Carpeting)
Çonsíc!~rationsJºrB~§.idents
Durirlg the first week after installation, natural linoleum has
a Illíld but uníque odor tllat some ocnJpant5 may nnt like.
Some manufacturers recornrnend that I inoleum floors be
cleaned by mopping them with water. Another metl10d is
to "dry" clean tl1em witl1 an electrostatic cloth mop that
picks up dirt and dust. Tl1e latter does not require any
ct'iemicals or water, and the CIOtllS are reusable.
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
..-.--.--.-
œma Installation must be done by spe-
__..,. cially trained contractors, which may
~~ Increase cost. Linoleum takes longer
to in$tall than vinyl, which add::; labor cost. Linoleum
costs between $3,00 and $5.50 per square foat in-
stalled, depending on type and quantity,
FINISI'IES & FURNISHINGS: MEASURC 06
Linoleum generally lasts tl1ree times longer tllan vinyl,
and i5 economical on a materials basis over a 15 to 20-
year period. Generally, linoleum is selected fer its health
and environmental benefits, vibr(Jnt colors, ~nd ease of
repair ratl1er tl1an for its lifecycle cost benefits.
Resources
-_._--~-_...._-_...."
>!- Building Green, publisher of Environment,3! Building
News, has many linoleum resources:
www.buildinggreen.com
>!- Green Resource Center has a fact sheet, "Natura!
Linoleum Flooríng~':
VWlW. gree meso u rcecen ter,org
, California Integrated Waste Management Board's
Section 01350. Building Material Emission Study
www.ciwmb.ca ,gov!Green B u i I d i ng!S pees!
SectionO 1350IMETStudy, I1tm
)\ U.S, EPA's air taxics w~bsite has information about
vinyi cl1loride Ilazards, www.epa.gov!ttnatwOl/hlthef!
vinyichl.lrlml
. Healtl1y Building Network
www.l1ealtl1ybuildlng.net
" ACWMA's Materials Dötabase li5ts products tl1at
correspond with this mec:lsure;
www. rnu Itif~rn ilygreen .org
ACWMA MULflFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES April 2004
--~-
-------------------------------------------.------
WOOD FLOORING
ALTERNATIVES
Consider FSC-Certified, Reclaimed and
Engineered Wood, Cork and Bamboo
WHO KEY ßENEFITS
.,¡ Developer/PM
-,I'
:::,:il,'"
11"1 '1\
:::1,
:':"(I':"\.'I"'"::';"C,'·
Ý Arct1itect
,.,l Builder
Ý Resident
':I',:!: ;'1: .""J;
IIHI
rï ,,,¡,:\,
""'/;:.1". 'II"II'I':\,'
.¡ Malerial Effici¡;r1cy
J O&M
1/ Rf::'!!:Ìident Satisfar;tior'1
j'" ~'~(: '1
..... . . -..""'.-.-.------...---.-..-.-.-..-.-".--.--.....-
091500: Wood Flooring
Recommendation
Instead of conventional hardwood flooring,
use FSC-certified, reclaimed or engineered
wood, or cork 01' bamboo,
Install as a glueless floating floor or glue
with a low- or no-VOC adhesive. Specify
factory-applied finishes, or seal with a low-
VOC product.
Description
For market-rate multifamily !lousing, there arc now ma.ny
alternatives to traditional hardwood flooring, including
FSC-certified or reclaimed wood, engineered wood, and
rapidly renewable m;:¡terials such as cork and bamboo.
SOLID WOOD FLOORING
Most high-quality, knot-free wood flooring comes from
old-growth trees, which arc not harvested 5ustainably,
Finding alternatives to old-growtl1 wood flooring protects
fore5ts and ecosystems (f(w inf(Jrmation DI1 SIJ.~t~inahle forPost/}' and
/cWj¡'ir!lj¡ ~(:v Slrllt:lw;; MeMUrv (}.j. ($(:·Cf.:r'tifieä WooÔ).
Traditional hardwood flooring comes from a huge variety
of tree ::;peçies, including oak, cherry, maple, walnul,
mahogany and beech, Local flooring sLlppliers now
supply FSC-certified wood in tl1ese common species and
in tropical ~xotics.
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUilDING GUIDELINES i"'\pril 2ü04
Reclaimed wood is another way to have higl1-quality solid
wood floors without cutting old-growth trees. Recovered
wood comes from sDurCe5 5uch as uld buildings and
railroad ties. It can be refinished or left with its natural
blem ¡shes (fOr mort about rec/(iime.d mMeri(iI.~, sef! Fini.she.~ &
Fumi-,;hing-,;; M1.'i1~·urC 08).
ENGINEERED WOOD FLOORING
Engineered flooring is a poplJlar alternðtive to sDlid
wood, It has a thin layer of hardwood on top of a high-
density fiberboard core, The result is the look and feel
of solid wood without harvesting old-growth trees, Most
engineered flOQring product< can be refinished at least
once to extend the:r life.
Laminate floors 110ve a 11Ighly durable wear layer applied
over a thin veneer Or paper image of wood. The substrate
is high-density fiberbnard Qr plywood. Like engineered
floors, laminates can "float"; that is, they are not glued
or nailed to the floor. Laminates have low first cost and
are extremely durable when properly instalied. Prnducts
with longer warranties are usually worth the extra cost.
RAPIDLY RENEWABLE FLOORING MATERIALS
Bamboo and ~()rk ¡¡:Ire rapidly renewable materials
known for their durability and beauty. Beth can be
harvested wltho<Jt destroying the plant, allowing I.ilem to
regenerate and be reharvcstcd in ð relatively ~hort tirT1B
period. Cork and bamboo come in solld,and engineered
wood ~ystems.
Full-grown bamboo stalks are cut lengthwise into narrow
strips. The manuf"c:turer giues these together to form
flooring, plywood, paneling and other products. They ôr~
glued either horizontally in layers. or vertically in strips.
Cork is semi-malleable and absorbs shock and abuse,
Cork is lhe ouler bark of the cork oak tree, Tile tree is
stripped of bark every 8 to 10 years, but survives to be
harvested again and aga.in.
Benefits
Reducing the amount of ~olid wood ll:.;ed in floors
reduces demand for old-growtll trees.
f'INISHES & FUFi1NISHINGS: MEASURE 07
Ïl
Z
UJ
J:
ïT1
(f)
Qo
Ïl
C
:::0
Z
UJ
I
Z
G)
UJ
PAGC 17
--------~_.,.
'1
Z
(j)
I
rn
OJ
Qo
-r'
C
::::0
Z
C/)
....,-
-'-
Z
GJ
if)
P,.iCE 18
----------------------------_.
...~._--------
Application
Applicahlc anywhere hardwoQd flooring is specified
(for resi¡i~11t f!r,}(J(ing OPti0l19, .~P.A FiI1i.~hp.s & Furnishings: Measure
06 NMum{ Lir'¡O/~~wn),
Noi5e transmission i~ higher for wo(]J-alternative floors
th~n for carpet. Wood-altern~tiv~ floors Ci:H) be installed
over hydronic heating systems. but are not effective
for passive solar ht:ating because of their relatively low
thermal mass (Systems: Mei9,~ure 02 ·T!¡erm.'ll M(J.~,~ F/(J{)ring).
A Refore deciding to IJ5E cork, the property or
operations manager should di~ç~Js~ c;:oncerns
with tile procJuct tmmufacturar's .sales rep. Cork
is best used wl1ere proper maintenance will be performed.
Desjgn Details
.""......,,,,.-. -'."...",..""....",...' "......
Bamboo¡ cork 8nd 18minates are extremely durable,
often ri;Jting higher than oak in ~trength tests. Check
manufacturer's literature for test resLllts,
Cork, laminate and engineered flooring are sometimes
"ssembied uSing formaidel1yde-based glues in the
substrate. Bamboo floors often use formaldehyde as a
binder between strips (for more on formi:Jldf!h.vd~' in wood prudur;t$.
.~p.e F¡nt~~he.~ <~ Fllmi.5hing$: Me8S1Jre 09-C8binets, Counters and Trim).
Sealing these products with a water-based finish once
installed lit tile finish is not factory-applied) is a good
way to reduce formaldehyde offgaS5ing, Not ail water-
basp.d sealers are low-vac. Avoid acid..ç\Jred la{~quErs
tllat can emit formaidehyde during curing.
For fiooring finisi1es, use low-vac water-based products
(Sil:ew()rk: Me¡¡sure ()4-H¡¡7ardou.~ Materials and Waste). Avoid alkyd
and oil··based stains and finishes. If poss.ible, have tI~e
slain i: nd finish factory··applied to limit exposure of
jobsite worker:; and occupants.
Wood and wood-alternative floors mayor may not need to
be glued to the suhstrate. When glu~d, specify a low- or
no-VaC adl-,esive (¡ IIII~'I)O$ & rllm¡~~hi¡Jf,S''' Me,951He 03·_·-Arlh~silles
<!lid SGiltimt:».
Code Considerations
None.
Considerations for Residents
--".--..---..--...,-.. ,
....-.-
Hardwood 8rld woüd..fl[)Oring alternatives don't trap
dust and oth~r particulatc5 like carpet does. If cle8ned
regularly witi1 nontoxic products, wood and wood-
alternative flÎJoring car! provide better indoor air qu.ality
tllEHl carpet.
M"ny people highly value the boauty of hardwood aDd
hardwood tlooring alternatives.
FINISHES 8. FURNISHINGS: MEASURE 07
çg_st..ªncLCost Effectiveness
I!I:miIID In the United States. the overaii
~~ trend for hardwood flooring prices
~~ is upward, especially In the past 10
y~~rs. Alterr11~tive products are emerging as economically
viable compared to wood and are expected to become
increasingly attractive as more forests arc clearcut and
the supply of lumber from oid-growtl1 trees diminishes.
FSC-certified hardwood flooring ranges greatly in price.
from roughly $4 tD $20 pet square foot. Certified flooring
made from exotic wood ~pccic~ can be quite low priced
if 111e species is not well known, Popular specics of
certified flooring can carry a cost premiumr I~owever.
The: cost of reclaimed wood depends an supply. Prices
are volatile, but are frequently below $5 per square faat,
Bamboo and cork flooring can be plJrch".d for $4 to $9
pet square foot Engineered products range from $3 to
$7 rer square foot. Laminates are in II'" $2 to $5 per
square foot range,
Resources
Green Resource Center has information on bamboo
and cork flooring, and a lISt of local vendors,
www.greenresourcecenter.org
I> BuildingGreen has information on alternative wood
flooring products,
www.buildinggreerl.com
» Forest Stewi¡lrdship Council has Information on FSC-
certified wood and suppliers:
www.fscus.org
" ACWMA's Materiais Database lists products that
correspond with this measure:
www.multìfam i Iygreen .org
B<lrr!lJuo pWVIUG~ i.HI ¿ÜLr¿H.;tivu, r(')SOll¡('.(~ ¡)I'II(;I~~rll i.1Itür'r")<ì!ive ro
wood !lüuring.
ACWMA MUl,.TIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDEUNË5 April 20011
-- - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -,
RECLAIMED MATERIALS
Reduce Landfill Waste by Using
Reclaimed Materials
WHO KEY BENEFITS
.¡ Developer/PM
I ':'
i'!' .¡'I
;', ~,:' I ':
L: , ,') ::::- r :::: ~ ".' I"
p, ¡'ri:'.I111
ý AI'(:hite('.t
Ý BljilcJ~r
-.¡ Material Efficiency
I':
,I'j: 1''/i:'I''I:';
1:1
::1;;
;',1
----.."..--
Cl1600: Product Requirements
Recommendatinn
Specify reclaimed materials
wherever possible.
---.---..---
Description
Reclaimed materials, also called salvaged n1at~rials,
can be used in many residential building projects,
These materials corne from many sources! including
deçf)n~:>truçted or renovat.ed buildings. Numerous
organizations in the Bay Area acçept reçl<'.lirned,
overstock, old stock or misordered materials to be
resold. Other companiEs will 5trip buildings of reusable
components prior to demolition.
Common salvaged materials include timber, doorsl sinks,
fencing, bricks, tile, pipes, hardware and light fixture5.
Reclaimed lumber is among the most widely available
prr>d~Jcts, as studs, be:ams, flooring 8nd trim.
Finding salvaged materials, cspeciiJlly for liJrge projects,
can be time consuming. Supply is inconsistent. which
l11ake5 it difficult to pl"n for large quantities of materials.
On small projects, 110wever, using salvaged materials
IS often possible, TI1ere IS a readily available supply of
matcri?ll5 that can fit into small developments.
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN aUILOINI;> GUIDELINES April ;'i()()4
----------------------
CLOSING THE LOOP
I n addition to using reclaimed materials~ another
important waste reduction strategy is to donate
unneeded materials, III the CQnstruction and Demolition
Waste Management Plan (SI!cwurk: MIJ<'!$urO 01), stipulate
that appropriate .urplus materials be resold or donated
to salvage yards or nonprofít organizations. A¡~D, some
building products manufacturers will take back clean,
unused scraps to be made into new products (for
exampie. gypsum board, ceiling tile, carpet and flber-
cement products).
Benefits
Not only does salvaging and reusing materials redlJCe
waste sent to landfills, it is also better than recycling
from an environmental standpoint. The collection,
transportation and processing ot recycled-content
materials uses energy and generates pollution. Reusíng
building maten.ls, "v en if lumber needs to be remilled
or doors have to be repaired and painted"typically
generJte5 less waste and pollution than recycling does,
Salvaged materials are often cheaper tllan new materials,
and may be of.higher quality, Salvaged timbers have
tigllter grains than some new wood, for example.
Reclaimed materials can also help give a new blljlding a
distinctive characLer.
~iç!!ti(J!L__
Most applicable to small developments bocause of
limited 5upply of matching salvaged products, On small
projects, doorsr lumber, hardware arid ether materials
can often be tound with little effort. Heclaimed materials
can be challenging to incorporate into a large project.
Desi2n Details
Salvaged timber can be used for most nonstructural
applications.. It's rare in structlJral applications because
of the cl1allenge at locoting salvaged timber th.t has
been regröded by a qualified wood grader.
De5igning buildings to make U59 of standard-Silo
building components can make it easier to incorporate
salvaged products. It will he easier t.o rn<:ltch reclaimed
doors to standard door openíngsr for example, than to
nonstandard door openings.
Organizing materials on site (Silewor/(: MG¿I$WG Q¿', Uficient
Use (If (nnMruçtion Materials) will allow for quick separation
of reusable m~terials for d(Hlatiofl. Arrange for pickup
of clean unused matr.rials in good condition with local
salvage yards, nonprofit organizations or manufaçtlJr~rs.
FINI~HE:~ & FURNISHINGS: M~ASURE 08
ï1
z
(f)
I
:ïl
CíJ
0:J
ï1
C
::::0
Z
(fJ
I
Z
C)
(fJ
PAGE 19
---,----~_..
ï1
z
U?
'T
11
en
)~
-'-'
I,'
C
::::0
Z
(íJ
eo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~
.~~ ~~ -~,.,---_..
Code Considerations
Salvaged or reclaimed lumber may not meet structural
requirements for some applícatíon.s.
Some salvaged materials, such as 5ingle-pane windows,
toilets that use more than 1.6 gallon. per flush. and
wood-burning fireplaces may not be allowed by stato and
local regulations,
,
-- A wide range of buildin~ m.;.t€ri¡¡,IR ¡¡,rp. i!v¡¡il.=..hle at lo\';al ~8Iv:;!g!! yards.
Z
GJ Considerations for Residents
(j) There is usually no effect on OcçtJp~1nts.
PACE 20
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
œma Some reclaimod products arc very
~_. lt1expensiv~, costing much jess than
~ new materials. Doors, for example,
are widely available and can be found in small matching
sets from most salvage companies, Other products, like
salvaged tloorlng, are in higher demand and may have a
price prer'niurn.
Large quðntìtíes ot matching reclaimed materials are
difficult to find.
Resources
.. ..-..----.----..-- ....,..-------------...-
" ACWMA's Builder's Guide to Reuse and Recycling
lists 10c"1 establishments for dropping off and
bUYing recycled and salvaged materials, Search
tl1e Materials Database for product inforrnatior1:
www.fT1lJltifallljlygreen,org
FINISHES & FURNISHINGS: MEASURE Of;
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDE:t..INE$ ^t)ril ;;O()4
- - ~ -, - - - - . " -, ., -- '" - '. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " - .. ,- " - - - - - - - ,,- -
CABINETS, COUNTERS
AND TRIM
Specify Low-Toxic and Durable Cabinets,
Counters and Trim
WHO KEY BENEFITS
.¡ OevelüperlPM
..¡ Funder
.¡ HealthllEQ
"""':;"'11':,'1 It,,'
I'II::"I"::.:\·'I::::'¡ '''I''''''
'.,.);,:\ j",j.:,(:.,
ý Architect
.¡ BuildÇ!F
1':(':<,:''1:::''11
.¡ Building Manager
,".":": c:j
1/ Material Efficiency
V O&M
Ý Resident Satisfaction
~ ::.:,¡' ¡ ~,' .",,1':
DIVISION 6: Wood & Plastics
06400; Casework. 06415; Courltf::!rtops
I!~,commendation
Cabinet boxes: Use medium-density
fiberboard (MDF) with no added urea
formaldehyde, or use exterior grade
plywood and totally seal all edges,
Cabinet faces: Use solid wood, prefembly
reclaimed, reused or FSC-ccrtlfied.
Counter substrates: Use MDF with
110 added urea forrnaldehyde, use a
straw-based MDF or use totally sealed
particleboard,
Trim: Use composite material with no
added urea formalderlyde, use recycled
plastic or use FSC-certiticd wood_ Use
durable wainscoting, chair rails and corrlH
guards to protect walls from clamage and
reduce maintenance requirements.
Description
Durable cabinets, co~mter5 ~nd trirn save rnoney and
result in less waste. Wilen se.!ectìllg prod\Jçts made
with t.otnþosite woods, look for durability ane] low
toxir.ity. Unçoated particleboard¡ for example, is prone
to swelling when wet and can fall aparf much mOre
ACWMÞ, MUL.TIFAMII.Y GR~EN BUILDING GUIDELINES ApriI2a~'v.
quickly than other materials in kitcher15 and bathrooms,
Many composite woods are produced with formaldehyde,
binders that offgas for a couple years after installation,
The U.S, EPA cla»ifi.' formaldehyde as a probable
hum3n carcinogen,
Formaldehyde glues in composite wood products come
in two forms: urea and phenol. Urea-forr'naldehyde
binders are more common. Phenol-formaldehyde binders
are used in exterior applications because they help
waterproof the wood: the waterproofing quality makes
phenolic glues offgas more slowly and in lower quantitie5
than urea glues, reducing' harmful effects on indoor air
quality, MDF, plywood and other face stock are available
wifh no added formaldehyde; they use MDI (methyl
díìsocyanate) resin:;; in5tead.
Allernatives to composite woods with added urea
formaldehyde are, exterior-grade plywood; MDF with
no added formaldehyde: powder.coated MDF: oriented
strand board (OS B); and straw MDF. For higher-end
applications. solid wood, bamboo plywood and
biocomposites (wheat, straw or 5lmflower seed hulls) are
possibilities, Trim products come in a símilar range of
materials, as well as recycled plastic.
Conventional wood products can be replaced with FSC
certified wood, These can be solid wood, plywood or MDF
products (Stl'uctlJre~ Mea.,1UrP. 03-FSC-Cerlified Wood for del'iJih;),
Benefits
...----
INDOOR AIR QUALITY (lAQJ
To help protect IAQ, avoid interior products with added
formaldehyde ô5 much as possible, In low levels. It
Isn't considered harmfui to hu~'an5, But with cabinetry,
çlo5ed doors and drawers can allow the formaldehyde
gas to collect and increase in concentration, When a
cabinet is opened, a cloud of forrnaldehyde is released,
often directiy into the breathing zone,
RESOURCE CONSERVATION
Alternatives to wood include rapidly renewable raw môterials
grown and harvested within a lO-year cycle, such as bamboo,
wheat str.aw and rice hulls. Using rapidly renewable resources
reduces the use of tre", and helps p'eserve forests,
CONSTRUCTION QUALITY
An advantage of plastic or engineered trim is straighter
products with fewer imperfections than most solid wood
trim. MDF board for cabinets also has very precise
dimensions lespecially thickness) and surpasses plywood,
wheõtboa,d and strawboard for this purpose,
Application
Mainiy kitchens and bathrooms ill affordable and market-
rate multifarnily hQusing.
FINISHES & FURNISHINGS; MEASURE 09
II
Z
(j)
I
fTl
(j)
Qo
11
c
;0
Z
(j)
I
Z
C)
if)
PAr;H 21
,., - ". ,- - - -~_."" - - - - - .", - - - - - -... - ,"_." ,." "'" ,,'" "..,.." "'"" '-"".' """ - - - - - - ~ - - --
ïl
Z
(J)
I
fTl
(/)
Qo
11
C
;0
Z
(/)
T
z
G)
(f)
F'AGE 22
DesiKl:!_º-~t£li!~ '""
Focus on these areas when specifying cabinets,
J. Substrate. Use MDF or fully coated particleboard,
Particleboard with exposed surfaces will fail in just
a few years. Cäbinet buxes are tomrnm11y made with
pòrticleboard, MDF or plywood sandwiched between
a thin veneer of wood or melamine. Some cabinet
manufacturers tan 5ubstitute any of these rnaterials.
For a high·end look, wheòtboard and MDF strawbo.rd
can be laminated with a bamboo veneer. In high-abuse
Installations. specify plywood boxes of 5/8-in, thickness
Or greater. DIJr<:lble corner connections like tongue-and-
groove or dowels will further Increase the cabinets'
iongevlty,
....',.."''''"'"''''
2. Face, .od doors, Use 50lid wood for the cabinet faces,
or at the least, use fully laminated MDF. Cabinet taces
These r.abin!!ts h¡!V/~ MI)F GOfP.;; that contain 110 r,¡rlded foqy\"ldehy(Je.
made of SDlid wood provide (.In attr¡:¡çtive and durable
finISh, A few manuf.cturers make bamboo faces
(veneer or solid). FSC-certified woods should be used
for solid wood appiication5.
3. Hardware. Use 11igh-quality adjustable hinges that
are appropriate for the level of abuse anticipated. For
example, hinges in senior hOlJ5ing Gomplexes may not
require the strengti1 and rigidity of other occupant
types, In high-abuse situations, consider the difficulty
of reattaching hinges to the slJbstrate using existing
screw holes. It ì.s easier to rescrew hìnges ínto plywood
th.n Into MDF or particleboard,
4. Sealants and finishes. Use w.ter-based products
with low-VOCs. Avoid alkyd and oil-based stains
and finishes. Water based wood sealers and finishes
generolly perform as well .s or better than oil-based
finishes. If possible, have the cabinets finished otfslte
to further reduce offgassing into the living space,
If particleboard or plywood with forl11aldel1yde-based glues
cannot be avoided, a low-VOC wood sealant applied to all
six sides of cabinet materials will reduce formaldehyde
FINISHES & FURNISHING.S: MEASuRE 09
emissions, Specify two coats for best results,
For a painted look such as white melamine, consider
powder coating, A low-temperature powder coating
process can now be used on wood. Powder-{~oated
cabinets, boxes, shelving and more are av~ilable. Powder
coating is low in VOC emissions, highly durable, and
seals in formaldehyde (formoœ iJbrJut powder coating, _~ee
F¡ni.~hp.s & Furnishing.s! M~awrp. (4).
5,lnslallalion. Screw the cabinets together and to the
wall. To make repair, replacement and s<;Jlvç¡ge ei3$ier,
avoid gluing them in place. If rodents or roaches are
potential problems, Install cabinets with tight backs
and e::;cutcheorls around plumbing and ~Ieçtrir.al
penetrations, and caulk all cracks bigger than 1/16 in"
such as between the wall and cabinets,
6,Countertops. Select durable countertop materi.ls
to fit the level of use and abuse the counters will
experietlce. Where very high durability i5 importç¡nt,
include integral backsplashes to eliminate Joint failure
between countertop and walls. Keep in mind tl1at
wood butcherblock and solid surface rnateria15 wi!1 be
susceptible to burn marks.
Code Considerations
NonE.
Considerations for Residents
Benefits include increased (IUlabllity and reduced
exposure to formaldehyde and VOCs,
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
~._,··,W" ~,...." ,.. . ...__,
IitmDIIIIZI Availability and cost range greatly,
~... M05t·······but not i311-·",options cost mQre
~~ ,niti.lly than standard practice, but
durable cabi nets save money over time due to decreased
damage and longer produçt life.
Resources
» Department of Housing and Urban Development
(HUD), The Rehab Guida, Vol. 6 (Sept. 1999),
"Improve Indoor Air Quality with Cabinetry",
www,huduser.orgtPubllcations/PDF/kitchen.pdf
"I> Green Seal. i4Particleboard and Medium Density
Fiberboard," (Oct. 200n www.green5eal.org/
recom me ndati ons, htm/#prod uct
" Environment,,1 Building News. Vol. 12 No. 11 (Nov.
2003), "CaS" Systems Switches to Straw-Based
Particleboard 'T; www.buildinggreen.com
» ACWMA's Materials Database li~t5 product.5 that
correspond with this measure;
www.multifami Iygreen ,org
ACWMA MULTIFAMilY GREEN BUII,.DlNG GUIPELlN~S Aplil ~:Ü()4
- - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "'
------------------------
FURNITURE AND OUTDOOR
PLAY STRUCTURES
Specify Durable, Healthy, Resource-
Conserving Furniture and Play Structures
WHO KEY BENEFITS
Ý Developer/PM
{ Healtl1llEQ
;:1'·
, ' \ ;":' I '::. .\.:~
1/ Architect
.¡ 8uilder
Ý R€.5ident
ý Building Manage.r
;';":.:,\":::'1'1':: ..:¡'"
I,":f'"
.¡ M¡)1f!r'ial Fffi(".if:!n<:y
.¡ O&M
.¡ Resic18nt Satisfaction
"
1",\''''
I·"I!
-."....--...-.''''''....---.--.......----
12000: Furrlishin8S
Recommendation
Specify interior furnilure that is durable,
made from natural or recycled materials,
recyclable, and/or made from low-toxic
and low-emitting materials. Air out any new
furniture to allow oHgassing of VOCs,
Specify exterior furniture and play
structures that do not utilize wood treated
with cllromated copper arsemte (CCA).
Where applicable, use recycled plastic
lumber products for site furnishings.
Deseri ptio!!..___. _.n"
........--"....------..
Many fUrrliLure produc;ts are made with materials tl1at may
b~ h<3rmful to people, to the environrnent, or both. They
may require a lot of energy to prorluœ, for ~xample, th~y
may release pollutants during manufacturing, or they may
be unrecyclable. Some products, such as CCA-treated
wood, are toxic to dispose of, creating difficulties for
landfill and incineration operations. Some products! such
as the 5tuffing material and fabrics USF.d in many touches,
cl1airs and beds, otten release strong formaldehyde odo"
and volatiie organic compouncls (VOCs) for months,
INTERIOR FURNITURE
Over the past few years, the avaiiability of low-toxic
furniture for the commerciéll building sector has
increased, But the residential furniture indU5try 5\111 iag>,
There are, for example, fewer low-emitting residential
products available,
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GR~¡:::N aUll,.l;>lNG GU'DEL.,IN~S I\¡II'II ;!1)()4
To hclp minimize the negative ir'rlpacb of residential
furniture, use these strategies,
I. Give preference to ,,>ed furniture, It has already
offga5Sed its volati Ie compounds, and using it reduces
solid waste.
2. Unwrap new furniture inside units and let it air out
with the windows open for a week. Take precautions
agait1st rain coming in.
3, Buy furniture made of solid wood or composife wDod
with rlO added formaldehyde, Specify FSC lumber if
solid-wood furniture is to be built specifically for tile
project.
4. Buy repairable furniture, Fabric covers and stuffing
shouid be easy to replace, Legs should be easy to
tighten and replace.
S. Buy recycled-content furniture. Common ¿¡reäS for
recycled materials are the: frame and fabric. (Planning &
Design: Measure lr1)
6. Buy furniture tllat is recyclable aftcr Its useful life.
OUTDOOR FURNITURE ANO PLAY STRUCTURES
CCA is used to treat wood for many applications in
construction and In outdoor furniture, Studies have
shown that the disposal of CCA-treated wood poses 8
significant risk to the environment due to its arsenic
and chromium content. Research also shows that play
5trlJctures containing CCA-treated wood may be a risk
for children. For the~e reasons, CCA-treated wood
has come under intense scrutiny in the past few
ye¡:¡rs. In re5pÖt1Se, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) and the treated wood industry reôçhed
an agreement to phase-out some uses of CCA-treated
wood. As at December 31. 2003. most residential and
playground uses of CCA-treated wood have been banned,
Taking the place of CCA are two new treatment methods
that do not contain arsenic, ACQ (alkaline copper
quaternary) and c"pper boron alole (CBA).
Although CCA-treated wood is being phased out of
produotion, there are still CCA-treated furniture anel
play structure products on the market. Check product
literature and specifications carefully to ensure
alternative pmdlJct~ are used.
For outdoor furniture and play structures, recyc!ed- plastic
IlJmber can be a good alternative to wood. Also, garbage
and recyçling bin~ often contain high reeycled c.ontent.
Benefits
Environmentally preferable furniture conserves natural
resourCeS. Durable hardware and furniture components
extend the life of products, thus reducing waste and
replacement costs.
FINISHES & FURNISHINGS: MEASUR[)O
ïl
Z
(f)
T
-
r1l
UJ
Qo
ïl
C
:::0
Z
(f)
I
Z
C)
(f)
F{lhl: 2::;
- - - -- "' - -~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --
ïl
Z
(J)
-,:-
,.--",
'i ': I
en
Qo
""T,
C
::::0
Z
en
I
z
CJ
ef)
l'A:"1.24
For projects where a highly visible greer1 irni:lge is
desired. u,. "Iternative materials prominently in the
furniture. Tables, shelves or closet doors made from
engineered strawboard, for example, c,¡¡n enhance;3
prajec.t's green image,
Exterior products made witl1ùut CCA-treated wood are
less toxic to dispose of and rnay be he<::2lthier for children.
A.QPlication
--. -.""..., "--".",,--,,..-
Applicable to all projects. Furniture in multifamily
buildings typically combincs residential and commercial
products. Residential furniture is found in units and
in some recreational and r,:omman area5. Commerçial
furniture is generally used in lobbies, officesr main entry
areas, hallways, clubll0uses and shared Immdry facilities.
Play 5tructures and outdoor turn iture such as benches
and trellises are often ordered frorn distributor>_
f)ural)leccmnwn ¿"j1C<.1lurr1ltur¡;:.
Desil!n Details
Consider these iS51)~$ when sclecting cnvironmentally
preferable furniture:
FURNITURE MANUFACTURERS
Clleck a comp;:1f1Y's website or liter~ture for det~i!s
orl their environmental practices, Look tor these.
characteristics when comparing manufacturers:
Made in California: California manufacturers are subject
to the state's strict environrnent;:¡1 regulations for
emissiorl5 and waste disp05~1.
Efficient material use: Reuses scraps and leftovers in t~le
manufacturing process or recycles them elsewhere.
Recycled materials: Promotes the recycled products
industry by using recovered materials in Hleir products.
Less packaging: Minimizes packaging to reduce waste,
MATERIALS
Select furniture made froIT! environmentally preferable
rnaterial5, inr.llJding:
FINISHES & fURNISHINGS; MEASURE 10
Wood products: Use wood composites with no added
formaldehyde, reclaimed WQod, and sustainably harvested
wood tFlnishe5 & FumisIJfnp,s; Me,1Sllre 09 Ciil).in01'$. CouniGr$ <.'1M ¡r¡'m
/ FirJ.i~f¡l'~ & Furnishings: MUõJ~ure 08-R~'c/õJimed Maœriats.! Structure:
Measure 03-FSC-Certified Wood). Avoid CCA· treated wood.
Wood alternì¡ltives= Use whe;:a.tboard, strawboard or other
agrlboard products, Substitute wood for recycled plastic
lumber where applicable,
Metals: U,e metal with recycled content, and factory-
applied paints or coatings (l1fI1:;frl'~ & Furnishings: Mei:1sure
04-Mäal Coaflrlgs).
Plastics: Avoid poiyvlnyl chloride (PVC). Use recycled
plastic or'composite plastic prod\Jr;ts,
Foams: Avoid foams that use HCFCs as blowi ng
agents (Sp'lums: MG'ifSurO 08---Uit:fI-[fficicrlcy Air ConditiDn~'r
with Advanced Refrigerant).
I
Fabrics: Specify furniture made with low-toxic and low-
vac dyes and chemicals, Specify fabrics made from
n~tljral, renewable and biodegradable materials,
Finíshes~ Sel~çt pmdlJds wif'h IDw-VQC coatings, stains
and paints.
Adhesives and glues. Select products with no added
formaldehyde; select low-VOC products (f'i¡)I$I)t~S' &
FI,JmishilJ@.' Me{:I;;U/'~ 03-...A(/he..5iVf!$ ,qn(J Sé\9¡'i,I1t~~),
Recyclability: Select products tl1at are easy Lo disassem-
ble and recycle; consider using refurbished fUrrliture.
Durability: Select furniture, that is tough, reusable and
upgradeable, or that contains reusable parts.
AIR OUT FURNITURE
Furniture, carpet and other ab50rptive materials can
absorb odors, vacs and airborne contaminants from
building materials and construction practices. For
exampler some furniture is made with fabric and foam
that are polential sponges for VOCs released from
adhesives, ~ealants and paints. Perform a buíldíng
flush-out and air out furniture to reduce tl1is effect
(S¡l('wurx: MeastJre ()J-COII$/ruc:UOf! IAU Management). If schedule
constraints don't allow fCJr airing"OlJt time, then place evon
more emphasis on purchasing low-emissions furniture.
Code Considerations
-------..-...---..--.----.-.
....-.-.-...-....-......-..-
Most residential turniture does not meet fire code
requirements in common areas, Refer to the California
Technical Bulletin 133 Standards for more information
(5~~e Re.5(J(lI'(:es S~~CtiOll),
CCA treated wood products are still legal for many
construction uses, Some plywood, shake shingles,
gllJe,-li:lrninated bearn~;, i~nd industrial or marine-grade
products still use eCA,
ACWMA MUlrlrAMllV GRËEN BUilDING GUIDl;:lINES Ä¡"¡r'iI ;!()():: .
--~ - - .....' -.,,, ---.. .-- - - - -.,~,. ,.- ..-..
Considerations for Residents
..__"""__~,.'.__"",'.'_,".___'''. om. ..'"',.'''
Using low-VOC products benefits occupants by reducing
indoor air pollution. Non-CCA heated wood may reduce
people's exposure to arsenic.
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
lilDJa Wilen purchaSing furniture, in ad-
~..- dition to first-cost considerations,
~~ consider quality, rlurability and ser
vice needs. Inferior products may require more frequent
maintenance¡ repair, replacement and disposal¡ which
CdÍ! ultimately ¡r1crease costs compared lo better quality,
more durable products,
Some environmentally preh~rab!e furnishings CQ~t more
because they are made with special matenals. Also,
some carry a price premium because they are popular
wil:h affluent r~lJst(Jrr1ers who are interested in green
design, One way to avoid paying artificially high prices
is to steer clear of trendy materials when tlley firsf
ç()rne [Jut on the market. For exarnple. bðrnboo flDoring
cost $9 to $10 per square foot in 1997 when it W"S
introduced in the United States. By 2000, the number
of suppliers had increased, and tile material11ad iost
some 'of its cachet for designers at luxury 110mes, Today,
many companies Install bamboo flooring tor $4 to $6 per
square foot.
ACQ- and CBA-treatecl wood products are slightly more
expen5ive theHl CCA products.
ACWMA MUlTIFAMilY GREEN 3UllDING GUIDELINES April ;,'(X)4
---------------------------
Resources,
, California Technical Bulletin 133 flammability
standards for common-area furniture;
www.bhfti,çô,gov.ltechbulletlnltbI33.pdf
" LEED Reference Guide has guidelines for airing out
furniture:
www.usgbc,org
» California Integrated Waste Management Board¡ in
conjunction with the Sustainable Buildings Tasktorce,
11ag created a Modular Office furniture Specification,
Tile spetificatlon IS intended for state agency
purchasing, but i5 also bene'ficial for others:
www.clwmb.ca ,gov/Gree n B II i id i ng/S pecslF urn it ure
" ACWMA has puhlislled a Fad Sheet On Recycled
Content Park and Recreation Pro.ducts In Aiamed"
County and a Fact Sheet with Pointers on Using
Recycied-Cantent PI.,tic LIJ~lbe"
www.multitami Iygreen ,org
Tel. (510) 614-1699
» AmerÎcan Wood Preservers Institutets wcbsite lists all
CCA treated wood products still being manufactured:
Tel: (800) 35(;·2974, (703) 204-0500
www.preservedwood.com
FINISHES & FURNISHINGS; M[I\SI)Rr 1[)
ïl
Z
UJ
I
Iï1
UJ
Qo
ïl
C
::::IJ
Z
(í)
I
Z
GJ
(f)
,w,L 25
- ~ - - - ~ - ~ ~ - - - - - - - - -,- - _:- -,- - - - - - - -,~ - - - - - - -'- ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~,~-
o
\J
rrl
:::0
»
---1
o
Z
(j)
9'0
~
):>
Z
--i
rr1
Z
»
Z
()
fîl
BENEFITS
MEASURE
01 Training and manuals
..--..---.-
02 Educational signage & tours
-----",.",-",-
This table lists the Guidelines' Operàtions & Maintenance (O&M) measures, and
shows the primary benefits of each (SEIlS' l'hÐ'individual fns¿lsures'fOr details).
, ¡: " , ,
>/ ~ /'/l~ /Þ' ¡:. // t // /1' ,'I //)t //
">ii,' ,~,;¡;, .I'.I~'
$ . i .f.i i '!l::"~ ¡i· , ~ ;
ø' /' ...;:-1!1 ;' $ / 4§! /' .;? / /' / :Jt¡.,~ /'
J§,'d','/,'<i;",w,' //",'(:,,'
.f?' :fì, .I.J;,.$ f ~ f· , ø ¡
'11' , 1ft i ..!!1 ' _~, .I.~ I
~: /.,1. / ~,I / ~ :
( ( , ( ( ( ( r
~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ I ~ I I
I I I I I 1
.1, I",. 1 "",I ,1m, ...'.j
~ ~: ~ : ~ ~: ~ I ~
I 1.... .I
,f
,f
Health/lEG: Re.dllces indoor
pollutants, promotes better
ìMu(Jr ~nvitonrnéntal qlJ~llty"
a~Q¡or prQvi'd€~ (lpp(lrtunitie~
for improved public health.
Site/Cotr1munlt}': Þrotetts land,
wMer ;:¡n(j ¿¡ir Of) and !lear
::;lll.:llwrr1'.l..1(JIILltlun Or olh8r
I:!nvimnml:!nt;:¡1 damage, IJ~!;!!;\
municip<1l,inf(a::;trw.:tur8 mare
e.ffie:il:!ntly by redeveloping
buflding or site, and/or provides
important and needed amenities
for th~ surrounding community,
Ener~ Effl~lency: R'educes
building energy consumption.
Waœr'Effi¿irincy: Reduces:water
use in bUÎ)din¡;: ¡¡ndfor Oil ,site..
Material EffIciency: Redvcl:!s,
reuses and/or recycles materials
that might ~18Vt: OU\urWi,sc'ú~~L1cd
lip in landfill!), fl:!duçf.'smatf!ri,;¡ls
rl8ededto construct or opercrte the
buildillH, and/or lI~~$ materials
produced in 21 way that minimizes
environmental damap,e.
O&M~ fl1crea'~!;!s buildillR'5
dtJrability"and!or reduces
'operating Bnd mainten¡¡¡ncf!
expenses,
Resjdel1t $,¡¡¡tisf,¡¡¡¡;:tIQn: $¡!\Ies
residents money alid/or impro\je~
residents' quality of life.
ENERGY, $TIt~ Helps achieve
ENERGY STAR'.!' for Homes
certification.
------~-----------------------------------~~~~
-------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE :2
OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUilDING GUIDEUNES April 2001
---------------~--------------------------~--------~,~~--------------
KEY
CONSIDERATIONS
INTEGRATED DESIGN
G.oodoperation and maintenance practices actually start not with the building
manager but with the developer and the architect, and should be addressed early
in 'the design process. Specifyi ng high-quality, durable, vandal-proof. materials
will make a project easiertomaintain over time, Site and building designs that
encourage community ¡'nteraction will instill pride in residents and deter crime (for
detailed fSCDmrTlf:ndiJtians on df:5igfl ~tr,M~giøÚI111t provlae,the foundation fOf'8,weIJ-m8int~ined, durable
projet,l. 586 if/a PfiJnnirJg&'tJosign sectiom),
COMMISSIONING
Green building guidelines for commercial construction often recommend th.t
commissioning be a part of the integrated design process. Commissioning is
a systematic process of ensuring thata,li new building systems perform and
interact according to orig,inal des,ign documents arid the owner's intentíon$.
However. in multifamily residentialprojects-'and in affordable hou.ing projects
in particular-commissioning per se is not generally performed. OM reason
is.that building systems in ,large commercial buildings tend to be much more
complex than, those in small-scale multifamily buildings, Also, affordable housing
d~velopers often own and'operate their projects'or-reþresent the owner's ¡nterest~,
so they are typically closely invplv.d in the design process and perform a high
I.vel of te.ting during con,structian. Design teams might want to explare the
benefits of commissioning if they are developing a large,high-ri'" rrluitifamily
project with compl.x building system..
COST
Over the life of a building, O&M costs will greatly outweigh construction costs, 50 it
makes sense to take steps to design a durable, energy,efficient, low-maintenance
building. No matter how well designed, however, every building needs to be
properly operated and maintained if it is to perform well year after year, Energy-
efficient hom~;;. for e"'mple, will only offer substantiai long-term cost .aving. if
occupants understand how they work, This is especially true for design strategies
that people m~y be unfamiliar with, 50ch as'passive solar heating,
It does take time to develop manuals,signage and displays and to provide O&M
trainir1g to staff ,and residents, Whiie it·s difficult to quantify the cost savings
that result from these efforts, it is reasonable to assume they will contribute to a
healthier, ionger,lasting, more energy-efficient buiiding.
MARKETING AND COMMUNITY RELATIONS
Educational displays and tours carl be an important marketing tool for developers.
For affordablé housing projects, these efforts canenhance" developer's reputation
among stakeholders including community and political leaders and funders., For
markeHafe housing developers, displays and tours can attract positive media
atter1tion, which may help drive interest from potential tenants and buyers.
o
U
fTl
;0
»
-1
o
Z
(f)
Qo
S
Þ
Z
-1
m
Z
»
..../
n
rrl
---------------------------------------------,--------------------,---
A(:wMA, MUI-TIFAIVII :.Y QRE:EN BUILplNG GU IJËLlNES 'April 2004
OPERATIONS & MAIN1ËNANCE
PACE 3
-----------------,._---------~-------------------------------~,---
'-',
:'
.,-."....
-,,-¡
C
iT¡
"~:Cf
"j::::,.;..¡
---I
'-"
i_)
/'
"'-
( ~)
<.1"
,.;,.."
~~.::;:::::II
'·"r"':;v
,"..~"
"
"
¿-,~
r~'
, I
""~"""i
..:.;:~
):::,C'"
~''''-"~I
~"...
"'~I~."".,.,,,
IT]
)
ROLES AND
RESPONSIBILITIES
Developer .nd project manager. Don't wait until construction is complete to
address O&M strategies; instead, make O&M an integral part of the
development proce», Designate a party to be responsible for assembling
O&M m.nualsand developing training, Work with loealDfficials to provide
transit passes for residents,
, Architect. I ncorporõte design strategies that promote safety and security.
Specify low'maintenance materials and products. A»ist with compilation of
materials for training and maIntenance mam.Jals,
Buildingm.n.ger. Make sure all O&M praced'ures support the project's green
goals,Prav,de residents with training arid manuals upon move-in that illu.tr.te
how to'operate and care for their home5. Train rnainten'arlce staff so that
they unde..t.nd their rule in contributing to maintaining a healthy and green
building_Coo'dinatethe implementation of transit passes.
Ffee transit p¡j~se',; (E:(;Op3~~e:)) were developed for resirlenr~ of ,::tn i!fforrlAOII'! h(')1J5inR
development in the Bay Area. (OµSfiJUOfl$ & M¿¡jrJle{)~i)(:e; Me/¡s!lre 0./ .". Tf'8ff1inr. RI1r1 Ml;1nIlRI.~)
-----------------------------------------------------------" .-----
PACE4
OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE
ACWMA MUL.TIFAMII..V GREEN aUILDING GUIDEI..INE$ April ;:>():J4
- - -ImI!D:::ill- - -
,----------------------
-----
---------------.--
TRAINING AND MANUALS
Provide Residents and Staff with
Training and Information
WHO KEY BENEFITS
.¡ Developer/PM .¡ H",llh/lFa
1":" .¡ Site Protection
'1,";1' .¡ energy Efficiency
V Archlteçt .¡ Water Efficiency
¡ RuilJef .¡ Resource Efficiency
¡ Re$irJ!:!r'll .¡ O&M
.¡ Building M()nrJger .¡ Resident Satisfaction
"
\'.::1
Recommendation
Provide terV'Hlts, homeowners and
maintenimct staff willl training and
manuals on building operation and
maintenance. Provide information on
nearby transit where applicable.
pescription
To maximize the benefits of energy efficiency, durélbili1y
and indoor environmental qualíty, green buíldings must
be properly operated and maintained. Over tlìe life ot a
building, operation and m.ainteni:H\Ce custs will greatly
outweiglì construction costs.
Energy-etfícient homes, for example, earl only offer
substantial long-term cost savings if occupants
understand how the systems work, This IS especially true
for str.ategies th.¡:¡t people rllay be unfamiliar with, such
as passive solar heating.
Materials used in green buildings sometimes require
different maintenance proccdlJr[~5 to prolong their life,
such as lIsing nontoxic cleaners. Educating rcsident~ arId
staff on proper procedure~; will help extend procluct lite
and maintain Ilea!thier ìntcriors.
Some. developrnerlt5 are located adjacent to pUblic
transit. In these instimces, consider erecting a transit
kiosk or otllerwise provide information on travel in the
lor:al area. Work with local jurisdictions to incorporate.
bus stops or other puhlic tran.it "plions 10 residents,
Benefits
''''..--...-----.
Benefits include reduced energy costs and fewer product
replacements. By actively involving residents and staff
in taking care of their building, owners can help instill"
senSe of re5ped for the development. This can create. a
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUII.~ING GUIOEI.. NES A~I~iI ;.'[)(J4
gooçl relationship between occupants and owners, ahd
Incr."'" the perception at sofety by fostering community
interaction (Ph~l1nilJg fmd Design: Measure 06-DI:!:;igll tof SM'ety).
Application
..,,_."~' -~~"..--
Allncw residents should go througll a basic training
session tllat highlights the home', key green and
maintenance attributes, Along with the residency
agreement, provide a rnanual with information that
reinforces the training.
Providing training to maintenance staff and building
operators on operation (: r1d maintenance procedures,
A detailed manual should be available for ea>y
reference. The marlual will also be Llseful for quickly
training new employee5.
Tours and signs Can help reinforce the preferred
operation and maintenance praçtic~s (Oper<Jtions &
Maintenance: Measure 02-Edur..:i.f{ioiìill S!gr)flf,e and T{JlJf.C;). Tours can
also inr:lude local transit options so tllat residents can
become familiar with the neighborhood,
D~si2n Details
Provide information to residents through a combination
of trainings., manuals or signs:
» Energy efficiency~ DisGl1S5 how to operate appliances,
thermostats and lighting to save energy. Where
applicable, discuss methods to improve pa5sive s(1lar
heating and cooling performance, such as furniture
placement, paint colors and shading devices (Sysiu(nS
Mf!a.c;lJfe O.1-Pas.sive Safar H1:.'<!lir!g), Illustrate how window
operation c~n influence natural ventilation ISystem.~"
Mei:J',;ure 07-AIl0iC] Air COI)C/itiGf1lng).
.", Finishes: DiscU5~ why the products were ch05en, what
makes them green, and how to maintain tllem to
ensure a long life.
Indoor ai, quality: Explain tlie steps tllat were taken
10 provide good lAO, Discuss healthy rnointenanee
pr¡:¡Gtices, including nontoxic cleaners and Iqw VOC
consumer prOdUCt5. Provide details on 110W to get
products replaced or repaired,
» Recycling and community facilities; Provide details
on recycling, ride-sharing, central laundry and
cornmunity programs.
» N;.ttural surveillance: Discuss design elements that help
provide safety (Planning & L"k.'sign. Mt'i."j$¡II"€ 06--.[Je~ign for Safety).
" Eco-passes, Some development< provide transit
paS5es that provide residents with free U5e of local
mass transit. The,e "eGo-passes" ,are most suited to
mlJ!tifamily residences in urban environm¡:;nt5.
» Post-construction tour; allow future re5idents to tour
the site during the last phase of con5trur.tion to create
a sens~ of ownership.
OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE. MEASUR[ 01
_. .. - - ~
o
U
rr1
:::0
»
--;
o
z
if)
Qo
s:
):>
z
--j
rr1
Z
):>
Z
n
rr1
¡"AGE 5
o
U
ïTl
::::0
»
---1
o
Z
(j)
Qo
~
»
~
.<::-
-I
rrJ
/",
»
z
C)
rrl
fW.ì[ Q
,.,~- -, - - -- ---, -- -- -- -., - - - -,_..
Provide residents with a small reSident's manual that, at
a minímum. includes;
Product manuals for all installed appliances.
. TIps on 110W to save energy (for example, PG&E fact
sheets or similar publications),
" Cleaning procedures for the green building materials
(Fi!li~I/IJ'S & Furnishings: Measure 06-NatufiJI Lmoleum).
" A copy of Fannie Mae's Guide to Buying and
Maintaining a Green Home.
" A l15t of environmentally preferable cleaning
products (ACWMA's "Recipes for a Healtl1Y Home"
is a good resource).
" Information on pollution reduction steps taken, such
as low-vac paints or integrated pe5t managernent.
Entour¡:¡ge re5idents to embrace the same prìnciple5
in theír own purchases and activities,
» Information Of! detecting early signs of maid and st.eps
to prevent, remediate or get help with mold,
» Print the manU1:¡ dDub!e ,sided and on recycled paper.
DURING CONSTRUCTION
Add requirements in Construction Documents Uì¡;¡t
require the Gontractors to trair¡ the maintenance staff
"pon completion of construction, Also include language
in CDs to ensure that the subcontractors provide all
necessary information for the manuals.
MAINTENANCE AND STAFF
, Provide training to all new
stoff members and regularly
"'-'''''1' check compliance by keeping
I a record of training sessions.
I A comprehensive manual lI"t
..'..",.,-,,,.....,..,,,.,...,,-,,,-,....,,..,_.,.. includes the following sho"ld
be readily available to all employees,
» MairlLenanGe schedules for all arC:i3:S and finí5h~5.
" A list of required cleaning products for eael1 green
building material. Specify low·toxic and biodegradable
products wherever possíble. Include product names,
ordering information and cleaning instructions¡ ideally,
products should be available locally, Keep on hand an
adequate inventory af the required cleaning prQducts.
\> Cut-sheets of everything in t.he horne that may need
replacement or repair in the future. Incll,Jdes eler.trical
boxe~, switclles, wall coatings (paint colors and
brands)¡ toilets, sinks, faucets, h<:Jrdware, flouring,
lowel bars, replacement tile and more, Keep on hand
an assortment of the most frequently replaced Iterns,
An extra set of plans for statf to refer to when working
wìtll service personnel.
OPERATIONS & MA.INtËNANCE~ MI.ASlJlU· ()'I
. .. - - -- . - - - .- -. - - - - - - - - -
Information on proper disposal techniques for
haza.rdous and nonllazmdous waste.
A vandalism rnanagernent plan (Planning & De.sign: Measure
07·-"V.9nd..~Ii.~m DAtArrp.n<:A .9nd M¡:¡nAgAmF!lJt).
Code Consideratinns
Nonf;.
Considerations for Residents
Occupants will bcttcr understand how to Improve their
t1Orne's energy efficiency and indoor environmental
quality, bE better acquainted with the dEvelopment and
have a stronger connection to th~ community.
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
li'!mIIaD Developing, asseml)ling and re-
~~ producing manuals can take time.
~~ Providing trainings to tenants and
maintenance staff will be an additional task for property
managers. However, once a system is in placet the pro-
{~eSs can be repeated for all rlew developrnent5. Cost sav-
ings from reduçed operation and maintenance costs ar~
hard to quantify but are possible, with such a program.
Compiling materials to include in the manual5
should be coordinated with the general contractor
and architect before construction starts. These tasks
generally dOfl't c05t anything but require perseverance
to collect all paperwork,
Resources
" ACWMA had published a Fact Shoet on
Environmentally-Preferable Janitorial Paper Supplies
and the GUide to Recycled Content Janitorial Paper
Products in Alameda County.
» "Recipes for Healthy Home":
http:¡¡household· häzwaste. org/a Iternatives. htrnl
» Fannie Mae's book, Home Performance Power;
Fannie Mae's Guide tú Buyirlg and Maintaining a
Green Home. Nonprofit5 mðy order ~¡O free caries 1~r
month; order code HI214,
Tel. (800) 7FANNIE
www..fanniemae.com/newsre.leases/2000l113 7. jhtml
» Mothering magazine has good online articles about
nontoxic hDuseclearier$:
www.motllering.com/l O-O-O/htm III 0- 3-0/nol1- tox i c-
cleaning.shtml
PG&E has fact sheets on energy savings,
www.pge.com
ACWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES (I.Wil :-':J()4
- - -.rl'!l!m.::::QfJ -, '" - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . -" -- - - - - - - - - - -
EDUCATIONAL SIGNAGE
AND TOURS
Teach People about the Project's
Green Features
WHO KEY BENEFITS
Ý Developer/PM ,¡ Health/lEa
-j Funder " Site/Communiry
i :,.:.1 j;" ',,' TI,:~i' r:~1 J F.ner!?,y Fffic:ienr.y
-j Architect ,¡ Water Efficiency
J AlJild~r' -j Resource Efficiency
,¡ Resident J O&M
~~ ~ ..J : Id I r ' , -j Re!5iderlt S¡;llis'factiQn
J ENFRGY STAR"
DIVJSION 6: Wood & Plastics, DIVISION HI~ Sµecialties
Recommendation
Provide instructional materials, signs or
tours to explain the project's green
building components.
Description
Signs, tours and displays can be effective ways to
demon.trate Important green features, Audiences may
include tcnant.5, maintenance staff I building operators,
the public and local news agencies.
Plate permanent displays and signs to highlight green
building attribute" Brochures that enable self-guided
tours can also be a good way to inform people about the
project's environmental attributes and the maintenance
and operating needs of the units. Regularly scheduled
tours may help promote the project and its design
elements,
Benefits
Signs, displays and tours provid€ opportunities to
inforrn building residents and the pUblic abOIJt tht';
building's environmental design strategies and other
beneficial teatures, By focusing on green building
attributes, developers can convey a p05itive mes5age to
the community.
AcWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDEliNES AI.d ~!(X)4
!\,p.Plication
Applicable to all multifamily projects, Even it a project
includes only a tew green building strategies, it IS useful
to make them known to residents and the public_
Desif!n Details
SIGNS AND DISPLAYS
Many displays require little time tQ design and can be
C(Jmpleted after construction. Displays with glazing tl1at
rcveal~ the structure of walls should be conceived of
during the design phase,
Contractors are a.....ailable who can cre~te displays
about green building materials, Displays may include
material samples, along with descriptions of what
makes each product green. Include information on
maintenance and performance.
Sign~ lik8 this onc, froln the mi;!rli¡:¡ tour of the L.ivermore C<:rltC:< zero net
!'!n!'!rgy home, highli~tlt I..:lIviruIIIYlCntal attril)l.!tes of m;:¡teri;:¡ls.
OPERATIONS &. MAINTENANCE:; MEASURE 02
o
LJ
III
::::0
Þ
I
~
,
o
z
(J)
Qo
:s;:
):>
Z
iT]
Z
Þ
Z
()
rr1
I'AGE 7
-------~---------------------------------------------------
o
-0
Iï1
::::0
»
-j
o
z
(j)
Qo
~
»
z
,
-,
,
íIl
,/
»
Z
o
rr1
r'Ä(;~ 8
Possible locations for signs and displays include:
» Common 'areas: Hallways, lobbie5 and community
centers ¡:Ire good locations for genera! displays
about tile project's goals and overall approach to
green building,
, Landscaped areas: Higlllight native species,
drought-tolerant plantings, and integrated pest
management (¡PM).
Parking lots or entrance walkway.: Poi nt out
permeable surfaces, cool-site materials, recycled
materials. FSC trim,
Walls: Have cutouts witll viSIon glazing to showcase
insulation materials or display samples of
alternative insulation.
Pholovoltaics: Interactive displays in tile lobby
showing the quantity ot electricity generated on site
can promote renewable energy and wise energy use.
TOURS
Tours can take place on a regular basis-perhaps bi-
weekly or monthly when the project first opens, then at
longer Intervals as indicated by community interest and
tenant tUrnover. Areas to highlight in tours inçlude:
, Design elements of the buildings, such as orientation
and placement on tile site
iI Landscaping design 5trategies
Mechanical rooms witll high-efticlency equipment
, Roottops (if the building has PV panels or cool roofs)
Interior fini,lles tllat are durable, low-VOC, or Ilave no
added formaldehyde
)t Sustainable living practices including mainten¡3:r1ce,
cleaning products and furniture selection criteria
Code Considerations
None.
OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE: MEASURE 02
Considerations for Residents
In mUltifamily developments with high turnover of
residents, signs and tours help educate new residents on
how their homes were built and work. This, in turn, may
increas~ the bvilding's longevity as well as energy and
water savings.
Occupants may also benefit from a sense of pride that
comes from having something positive to show visitors
and from learning about their homes,
Cost and Cost Effectiveness
._'-----,.~'_. ."".---
1i!i!iiIIr.:r.a Signs and exllibit display prices vary
~~ widely depending on complexity.
~_ Tiley can range from a few Ilundred
dollars for a simple sign to many tlwusands for interac-
tive di5plays.
Resources
» LEED Rating System. Innovation In Design seçtion
gives credit for inter~ctive di:;plays with sígnage (s&e
CredIt wef!xet8f¡'O¡1 rW¡inf,' /10121·!äCll·DY28Ul);
www.usgbc.org
" ACWMA's Material, Database lists products that
correspond with this measure:
www. m~J Itifami Iygreen ,Qrg
1 I)i:.; permanent grcc!I building di:õµlay i~
built into ¡m alcove. The dispiC!y has pa~e5
that visitor::; r.¡¡n flip through to learn ¡:¡.r!()lJt
ween l;I~p~r.t~ of the buil(lin~.
ACWMA MULTIFAMilY GREEN BUilDING GUIDELINES April 2004
MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES C Þ; S E Sf !.J D Y
----------------------------------------------------------.--------------
CARMEN
AVENUE
Ori,ent.ation, Orientation, Orientation
A II i e d H 0 us i n g ha.designed a 30-unit community to be
built in 2005-2006 on Carmen,Avenue in downtown Livermore, California,
across the street from a new library_ Thedevelopment was carefully planned
from the outset to incorporate green design. Key features include passive
solar cooling. natural ventilation,use of low-toxicity finish materials,
e'tensive}cc",s for people in wheelchairs." a photovoltaic power system and
a plan for jObsite waste minimization and recycling. The primary outdoor
spaces are a central, courtyard framed by the two buildings, and a parking lot
in back.
The project architect's mantra during de.ignwaS,,,orientation, orientation.
orientation. tl Once a project's lo.ct;ltiO,n i~determ.i.ned. ",the focus should be ,on
getting the building orientation right to take advantage of sOl,ar access and
prevailing winds""and to improve circulation patterns for re$ident5.
1!1'.!j"I:1 1;./ 1:/1 ;,I'I:I'I:~ ¡j)IIj,i.,') ~~:â 1>¡U.!1.I}1!¡: /11,,; rl..~ /.. 1:/11 illl,I.'(' :'III,fl,/' Ilr'/,~1 ,'.!.II,/,II!!!. ¡I/,Im "pai"I'. (>'ii' u:~ (11).(/ (j,!'I'I:,~'!j
j 1.1' ,it!: (,¡,·.n ,III. l.h.('.!¡11" ,'r}i 'u;!):, lii.¡.j Il'w.lr·i::,' .~di:i:} I,d; 1,( JlJ.¡li'<~~; l,il.I'; hll ;.¡'.~I¡n~f 1)1'1· ai'. I'.'(¡.!;/. i.lira (¡.,¡;i:; I("~.ti:
¡' )f; I '11'.i.II~' ,~i ¡.¡/I! (·11 1.1..' " i 1.1.'. I·, ',I .
~ìJ GREEN BUILD, INO
AIJmt¡¡¡~~~IOOItAWi1Mfy
~(00I1y~~9"I"~\'I"'1Ir¡mj
LOCATION
Carmen Avenue, Livermore, California.
PARCEL SIZE/DENSITY
1.04 acr@s;
30 dwelling units per acre
BUILDING TYPE
Two buildings (2- and 3-storjes) with
rental apartments
TOTAl.. SQ. rr.
24.558 sq. ft.
TARGET POPuLA110N
Low-income adults with physical
disabilities, and women who have
suffered domestic violence and
are graduating from shelt@rs into
perma.nent housing.
NuMBER OF UNITS
30 total
Studios: 2
I-bedroDm~ 5
2·bedroorn, 16
3-b.droorn, 7
COM,PLETlON DATE
2006 (..tirn.t.d)
OWNER/DEVELOPER
Allied Housing, Hayward, CA
ARCHITECT
Kodama Disel'io Architects. San
Francisco and Oakland, CA
GENERAL CONTRACTOR
Sunseri, Chico, CA
CONTACT FOR MORE INFO
Marie Lee, Executive Director
Allied Housing, Inc.
22245 Main Str.et, #204
Hayward, CA 94541
m 510-881-7310
FAX 510-881"7320
EMAIL mlee@alliedhousing.org
WEB WYM'.alliedhousing.org
April 2004 ACWMA Multifamilv Green Building Guidelines
p.l
~-----~-----------------------------------------------------------------.
n
J>
(.r)
r-T'~j
(J)
-1
C
CJ
.~...c:'''''
'-.
· What Ma kes it Green.
ENERGY
The developer is taking a comprehensive and integrated approach to
green design at Carmen Avenue. But there is one fundamental element
that stands out Hot summer temperatures of lOO'F and higher led Allied
Housing and Kodama Di.e~o Architeçt. to focu. on heat gain and thermal
ma5$, and to use the cool night air and the consistent afternoon breezes to
make the design energy efficient and comfortable. The goal is to reduce the
need for air conditioning to the point where it is rarely needed.
Some of the solar measures, like orienting the buildings along an east-
west axis, took time to work out, but will cost nothing extra to build. Other
measures, like the 3-foot overhangs, have a price tag, but will significantly
reduce cooling loads and the tenants' energy bill.. The table below shows
how the design team approached the challenge of getting the cooling loads
close to zero, beginning with the building orientation,
C¡¡,tU,n¡; t'he COOUflg LOM],,",
L BUILDING ORIENTATION _
Elongated along east,west axis
2_ GLAZI NG PLACEMENT -
Almost all glazing is on true
south and true north facad@$
3. GlA)'ING TYP~ & WI~ooWS-
Low·e~ insulated glazing with
vinyl windows
4. ROOF INSULATlON-
R-38 loose-fill cellulose
S. WALL INSULATION -
R-19 fiberglass batt with no
added formaldehyde
5. OVERHANGS &I TREES - Deep
6-foot overhangs an the south
fac.ade of One building¡ mOre
modest 3-foot overhangs on
the south facade of the other
building. One large tree will
be. preserved in the courtyard
between thE! two buildings.
7, FLOOR MASS - Outdoor walk-
ways are concrete deck; interior
floors. are not ma$S (:(;Instruction
8. WAL.L. MASS - 5I8-jnch gypboard
on all walls. and ceilings
9, RADIANT BARRIER - Yes
10. ATTIC VENTING - Ridga vf!nt
11. SEALING PETAleS - Sill
plate gasket, outl@t gaskets,
caulking, taping and more
The apartments will also have combined water/space hydror'ic heating
systems, ENERGY STAROO appliance;, and fluore$cent lighting in bedrooms
as well as the kitchen. and baths. An energy"efficient Kane Ecodisc elevator
has been specified, Finally, a significant portion of the electricity needs will
be met by a rooftop solar photovoltaic power system.
MATERIALS
In the spirit of "reduce, reuse, recycle," the project team focused on
minimizing jobsite waste by specifying factory-built wall., setting up
a plan to donate unused construction materials, and writing a Section
01505 construction and demolition waste management plan, Construction
materials were selected for durability, ~101d avoidance, nontoxicity and
recycled content Dozen5 of green rn.aterial5 were spe¡;:ified, including
high-volume flyash concrete, fiber-cement siding, engineered lumber, FSC-
certified roof trU5$es and ass sheathing, Floors are finished with recycled
content carpeting and natural ¡¡noleum,
HEALTH
The apartments are insulated with fiberglass batts with no added
formaldehyde. All interior painf is low-VOC, Wherever possible, metal, will
be prefinished to avoid using oil-based paints in the field. Ceramic tile,
natural linoleum and low-emission carpet are planned for the flooring,
p.2 ACWMA Multif¡.)rt'lily Grp.en I3lJildin¡;: Guidelines April 2004
GREEN at a GLANCE
Key,green aspects 'of Carmen ,AVenue
are listed here.
PLANNING & DESIGN
· Proximity to public transit'and
neighborhood !òervices
· parkin'g in back helps create
pedestrian orientation
· Orientation for passive solar cooling,
natural ventilation and cotYlrnunity
ínteraction
· Low~wat8r landscape
III Exi$tlng mature 'tree preserved on5ìte
· Universal design
SITEWORK
· Section 01505C&D waste
management plan
· Plan to donate unused construction
materials
STRUCTU~E
· High-volume,recycled flyash concrete
FSC~clE!rtifjed roof trusses
· Engineered lumber and OSB sheathing
· Factory-built walls to minimize waste
· Roof insulation, R-38 loose-fill
cellulose¡ radiant' barrier
· Wall in.ulation, R-19 fiberglass batt
with no added formaldehyde
· Fiber-cement siding
· Low-e) double-glazed windows with
vinyl frarries
SYSTEMS
,. Passive. solar cooling and thermal
mass (concrete deck wa,lkways,
5/8-ln. gypboard)
· Combined watE~rlspace hydronic heating
· Sealing details, sill plate gasket,
outlet gaskets, caulking, taping
· Fluorescent lightìng in bedrooms as
well as kitchens and bathrooms
· Photovoltaic system
· Energy.-efficient Kone Ecodisc: e.levator
· ENERGY STAR" appliances
· Central 'laundry
III Good quality fauce.t aeratOrS and low-
flow showerheads
FINISHES & FURNISHINGS
· Low-VOC interior paÎnt
· Prefinished metals
· Recycled plastic bench@$
., Ceramic We, nBturallinoleum and
low"emission carpet
~-----------------------~..
----------------------------------------------
WATER
The land.cape wo. designed to us. very little water. With the .xception of .
small grassy play area, the plants are drought tolerant and many are native.
The irrigation system uses high efficiency bubblers and drip to deliver water
m()re efficiently than pop-up sprayers. ENERGY STARoo dishwashers, good
quality faucet aerators and low-flow showerheads will also save water.
COMMUNITY DESIGN
Parking was moved to the rear of the $ite 50 that the homes oould oonnect
with the $urroundíng community. The site ìs located on tWQ bu~ Jínes and
within a short walk of a grocery store and public library. The contractor is
planning to preserve a large mature tree in the courtyard, A central onsite
laundry room saves capital and operating costs and space while providing
commercial-grade washers and dryers that clean clothes better than
residential machines.
· Ti ps from the Trenches ·
Spend most of the design time and budget an low-tech solutions. Start
the design of HVAC and lighting by trying to minimize or even eliminate
anything that uses power or requires regular maintenance. Passive features
that use standard construction materials are sometimes less expensive
upfront¡ and are always less expensive over time. At Carmen Avenue! the
passive fe~ture5 include the solar orientation; 5/8~inch gypboard throughout
for thermal mass; exterior walkways to form deep south-facing overhang"
high-performance glazing; and high interior volumes for ventilation and
daylighting. Only after maximizing the low-tech features should effort be
.pent on designing HVAC and lighting systems and controls,
Don't exclude good ideas early on just because they 5eem expensive. The
Carmen Avenue buildings were designed from the start with large open
roof areas sloping towards true south at an ideal solar pitch to allow for the
possibility of installing photovoltaics. Recognizing that nothing ever gets
funded that isn't already in the design, the team designed the solar electric
~ystern before funding was found. Good ideas, even if they seem expensive,
should be kept on the table at least until the end of design document.. You
may find money for it, you may find a cheaper method, or you may find a
good deal that you weren't aware of,
In some areas technology is advancing rapidly. Elevators without machine
rooms. for example, carried a significant premium when design began, but
April 2004 ACWMA MlJltif;:¡mily Green B\,¡ildin¡;¡ GlJi¡jp. irl¡;~ p.3
.'m.,._
", )
"'''1-''')
.-
.'T'.
",....';,..)
"'"~,..,,.::I
,,-
"-
.--::~
>"7"1
J'I
-"
,,~
)::;:>
<~::::,
['.q
".n:;7'
.I¡,._·_
,.
11,,_.,..........._
rr-¡
.- ~
,
¡
~
.
i
.,~~-,._--------------------------------~---'--------------------------
...,....,'~
..Þ
r ;')
'.I _
¡r¡
:'n
~,,' .
.--1
,
C
o
-<
p.4
by the middle of construction documents their prices had fallen to nearly
match traditional systems. Similarly, the estimated labor cost for installing
the photovoltaic system fell dramatically during the year of design work. The
bottom line is that cost information more than three months old is obsolete.
E:ncourage team IYJa!nbtm¡. to I~arfl 'from exp(;!ri~llced colleagues. ACWMA
had requ..ted that high-volume flyash concrete be used on the Carmen
Avenue project. The contractor had used this material before and was quick
to accept it. On your projed$, if your contractors "ren't familiar with high-
volume flya.h mixes, telling them that it reduces landfill wa.te i.n't likely
to win them over. Instead, have your contractors talk with other contractors
who have successfully used high-volume flyash concrete,
Put greel1 product sales representatives to work. When making Q case for
lifecycle cost benefits or when managing the submittal process in
construction, get product representatives to support you, Many sal.. reps
have PowerPoint presentations, lifecycle cost analysis spreadsheets and
studies that support the use of their products, and some will provide
assistance with submittal review and evên provide oversight of the
installation. Linoleum flooring is a good example of . product that is widely
recommended because of its durability and nontoxic nature, yet it requir.s a
higher level of technical knowledge to install properly, On the Carmen Avenue
project, Forbo Linoleum reviewed specifications and will oversee the inst.llation.
. Financing.
Green building features were designed into this project from the beginning.
SITE ACQUISITION COSTS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. $1 million
DEVELOPMENT COSTS
Construction , . . . , . , , , , , . , , , . , . , , . . , , . . . , , . . . . . . $6 million
Soft costs . . , . . . ' . , . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . , . . , , . , $3 million
Total , . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . , . . . . . , . , . . . , . . . , . . $9 million
MAJOR FUNDING SOURCES
City of Livermore . . . , . . . .
County of Alameda. , , . , , . . , . . . . . , . , . , . , . , . . . , . ,
State MHP. , , , . . . , , . . . . . , . . . . . , . , . , . , . , . . . , . ,
4% tax credit, , . . . . , . . . . . . , . . . .
Permanent loan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . _ .
HUD. ,
$2.5 million
$0.6 million
$2.1 million
$2.8 million
$1.5 million
$D.5 million
.." ,. .." ,.
.,., .,., ..., ,,_.
AVERAGE COST/SQ. FT.,
. . . . . . . -
. . . . . . , .
$3 60/sq, ft.
AVERAGE COST/UNIT. , , , . , . , . . . , . , . , . , . . . ,. $330,000
AFFORDABILlTY TARGETS
30% of area medi.n income. . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . .. 1luni!s
50% of orea median income. . . , . , . . . . , . . . . . . , . . . . . .. 18 unit.
Onsite property manager, . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . , . I unit
ACWMA Multifamily Greün Building Guld!:!line~ April2004
MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
CASE STUDY
CARMEN
AVENUE
Thh C¡IS~ SllJd.y W,I~, wl"il.l,/~TI by t,h~ Al, rr~~( <~
O'I!JI!I..y W;ì~I.(~ M;j,jagf!m~r"1tAul,h()¡,'i¡y ini part rd"
it:!! Mu.ltifam.ily Green iluilding Cuid{~lincB.
To ()1.i('¡¡; n ¡hI;'. (}l\i(~d irL~!> am rn,HIY I)I'h~r
WiJKI.~-J\,:dlJl':L!I'¡n amI ~/~!:,rl hlJildi¡'Lf!; 1'IJ,bl iL:;Jtlor\.~,
visit 'Wwlt',:mwtlfanrl1,ygre:mLol'g"
01' r.::.llSIO,.ti14'· IÚ99.
'ìJ GREEN BUILDING
"-I ===~~~&lM
MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
- - - -- - - - -- - - .- - - -- - .. - - - - - - -.- - -. -
----------------------------
CASE STUDY
THE BREAKERS AT
BAYPO RT AGood-andAffordable-Fít
. ,mO.. ..."'.".
'."'~ ~
~
,
ResourcesJor
Community
Development (RCm,is
developing a project of 52 apartments and
10 duplexes to .be, built in 2004-2005, within a,neighbQrhood,of singJe-,
family houses, on Alameda Island. Because of the scale of the, existing
homes, the city limitedthe, height of the multifamily proiecLtotwQstarjes,
This project's green building teatures need to "tit in,,, meaning they cannot.
look drasticaliy diff~rent from th~ :¡urrounding homes,
Key green building attribut~s will include hydronic heating, 2x6 stud walls
insulatedtoH-19, efficientJluore,sc,ent lighting in, most rooms, ,and"IQw-
emission cabinets, Some units will have low-e windows with, vinylframes,
and all ground-floor units will be bUllt.with natural linoleum flooring. The
only green elements noticeable to the neighbors will be on5ite bioswales
and dro"ght-toler.nt landscaping. In the Bay Area, low-water landscaping
techniques are common even among high-end homes, so"th.i.s feature, was
acceptable tq the community.
L.OCATION
Alamada, California
PARC.EL SIZE/DENSity
3 acre5¡
21 dwelling units per acre
BUILDING TYPE
2-story; 52 apartments and
10. for-sale duplexes
TOTAL SQ. FT.
651300 sq. ft. (net)
TARGET POPULATION
Familie$ with low incomes
NUMBER OF UNITS
62 total
2·bedroom~ 34
3-bedroom: 28
COMPLETION DATE
2005 (estimated)
OWNER/DEVELOPER:
Resources for Community
Development, Berkeley, CA
ARCHITEcT
JSW/D Architects, Berkeley, CA
GENERA~ CONTRACTOR
Segue Construction¡
Point Richmond, CA
CONTACT FOR MORE INFO
Brian Salirnan
Resources for Community
De.velopment
Tn 5)0-84]-44]0.'1.17
Debbie Potter
City of Alameda
Tn 510-749-5800
T('(:;'n'ri,un pCiJhs through ¡he eonununir,'V ¡,cad ro a.n c:x:cept,iona,l
cOmJJUuli!,:f'· cenrcr nrirh, nn, a:fi.er-school ca.re progf'Q.ln.
'ìJ GREEN BUILDING
~r'f/JI¡~w.''''~IIII''¡''
AiJm¡¡¡\¡{/>to)~!i.Ju~"lWJ!al/!llirM~BooI j
April2004 ACWMA Multifamily Green Building Guidelines
p.l
.- .- -, .., -
- - - - - - - - -
.. .,. ,- - - - ,.
C) . What Makes it Green.
''];:>
~
~. "I~'~
\",i .'
.'~"~.-">
~. ,¡!'.~\
~... ,i .
-I
(-.-.
'--
L:¡
ENERGY
The building shell is insulated beyond code requirements with R-19 batt
insulation in the walls. As part of the design assistance offered by ACWMA,
rôised heel tru55es were recommended, The architect wôs pleased that this
low-cost item would improve energy efficiency, and the contractor verified
that the additional cost, if any, would be very small.
Some of the double-pane, vinyl-frame windows will have low-" glazing,
The drywall is 518·inch thick, which helps improve the sound separ,atiDn
between units. An efficient combined hydronic system provides space
and water heating. Fluorescent lights are u.ed throughout the homes,
except in the dining areas where people generally prefer dimmable lights
(dimmable fluorescent fixtures are available but cost considerably more
than nondimmable fluorescent fixtures),
MATERIALS
Durability is a major focus of this affurdable housing project, so the architect
selected low maintenance fiber-cement siding, 30-year roofing, and high
quality hinges for cabinets, The Hardiplank fiber-cement siding is composed
of cement and recycled wood fiber> and is designed to look like traditional
wood siding, Linoleum flooring was too expensive tD include in all the units,
so a decision was made to install it in all the ground-floor unit$, where the
installation was ieast expen.ive, On upper floors, the lightweight gypcret.
would have made it necessary to add an additional layer of plywood subfloor
on top to guarantee proper adhesion of the linoleum,
Recycled fiyash is specified to replace 28% of the cement in concrete,
helping reduce CO" emi55ions ass.ociated with cement production and
helping keep flyas;; Dut of landfills, Exterior benches are made from a
composìte of recycled plastic and wood fiber.
The architect incorporated ACWMA's model specification 01505 for a
construction and demolition waste management plan, The architect and
developer reviewed the implications of this specification with the contractor,
The material recovery facility in nearby San Leandro is currently achieving
high recycling rates from mixed construction debris boxes, so a jobsite
recycling level of at ¡e.st 50% is planned tor this project
HEALTH
To help protect indocr air quality, tl1e design team specified low.vOC paints
and glue>, f¡bergla» Insulation with no added formaldehyde, and low"
emis.sion carpet and linoleum.
The design team also specified medium-density fiberboard (MDF) cabinet.
instead ot particleboard or other c.abinet materials that contain urea
formaldehyde, While the cost of MDF cabinets may be slightly higher, they
are expected to last longer and provide better air quality. The contractor's
green building allowance (see TIps from the Trenches helow) made it easier
to consider items like thi. that add upfront costs but offer long-term benefits,
p.2 ACWMA Multifamily Green ßuilding Guidelines April 2004
... - -. -" -
GREEN at a GLANCE
Key green aspect!:i of the Breakers at
Bayport development are listed here.
To learn about incorporating these
and other green features În your
project, turn to,the corresponding
section of the ACWMA MUltifamily
Green 8u¡ld¡ngGuid~lin.$,
PLANNING & DESIGN
· Detailing for moisture shedding and
mold avoidance
· Bioswales
.. Nat.ive plants and mulch in
landscaping
" Community center and social
gathering spaces
"
SITEWORK
· Construction and demolitìon waste
management plan (ACWMA model
specification 01505)
STRUCTURE
· 2x6 5tud walls
· Raised h@el trusses
· Wall insulation, R-19 tibergl." with
no added formaldehyde
· 5f8"inch drywall
.. Fiber-cement siding
· 30-year roofing
· Low-e, double-glazed windows with
vinyl frames
SYSTEMS
· Combined hydronic system for space
and water heating
· Fluorescent lighting throughout
(except dining areas)
ill ENERGY STAR~ dishwashers
· Low-flow 5howerheads, faucet
aerators and toilets
FINISHES & FURNISHINGS
III Low-VaC int@riorpaintsand glues
· Low-emissìon carpet
· Linoleum flooring in
ground-floor units
,. Low-en'lissions cabinets (MDF) with
high quality hinges
· Recycled plastic benchés
-- .- .-. - - - .... -- -.. -. -- -- -... .-. - -- - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -" -
_.. - __. n_ ._ .
---.-----.--..--
WATER
The landscape plan includes native species and mulch on non-turf areas.
Stormwater from the roofs and land5c.ped areas will be collected in swales
between the buildings. The project team Initially explored permeable
asphalt and loose-laid pavers for stormwater runofl, but the price lor these
options was high and the dense soil made d,.inage problematic. AlsQ, new
storm water requirements (NPDES) are steering projects toward .wales and
away from Filters that require regular maintenance, The swales turned out to
be the least expen5ive, and probably the best, option,
InSide, the homes will have ENERGY STAR" dishwashers, and low-flow
showerheads and faucet aerators_ The specifications give preference to
1.6 gpf toilets that are approved by the East Bay Municipal Water District.
EBMUD's list 01 preferred toilets gives designers a tool to diFFerentiate
between all the 1.6 gpl toilets on the market and select one with better
performance (some toilet. rated at 1.6 gpl actually operate over 2.5 gpf
once the original flapper valve is replaced).
·ï"~'·
"
COMMUNITY DESIGN
Initial discussions between the city and the design team lavored laundry
hookups inside each unit. Noting the beneFit. of centralized laundry lacilities,
including w¿¡ter and energy savings and more community interaction, the
dec.!.ion was made to inolllde the optilln Fot centralized laundry, In the final
plan! most units were desígned to accommodate i3 washer and dryer inside a
closet, while the common house will include a central laundry Facility lor
resident. who do not wish to purchase their own equipment.
Other community design features inclllde pedestrian paths thrallgh the
cornrnunity that lead to an.exceptional community center with an ~fter"
schoo! care program, including outdoor play areas and a computer room.
Next to the community center is a pervious hard surlace area with rolled
decomposed granite, allowing water to drain into the soil, reducing runall
and mlmiçipal 5tormwater 5ystem volume.
. Ti ps from the Trenches ·
Create a budget .allowance for the contractor to pay for green measures with
highe' capital costs. Green design sometimes requires additional upfront
investment. For market-rate housing, it may be possible te recover that
,
,
¡
I
I ¡
~
'j
~
--I
I
rrI
OJ
;:.:0
rn
»
:A:
fT1
;:.:0
(J)
»
--j
[JJ
):.>
~
U
o
;:.:0
-I
April 2004 ACWMA Multifamily Green Building C;;LJidf:!linp.s p.3
- -, ,.- - ---
- - -, - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,- -, -.
investment through higher rent or sale prices. But for .ffordable housing,
it may be necessary to find creative ways to fund these upfront costs. At
the Breakers at Bayport Apartments, the developer selected a contractor
early in design and then explicitly designated a portion of their base budget
to cover green building-related costs. By not making the total fee larger,
Segue Construction, the general contractor, had a strong incentive to guide
the green design toward one that could be built as simply as possible using
standard construction practices. By starting with an expectation that money
will be spent on green building, the process feels fair and doesn't get
bogged down in controversies about basic green building concepts,
Focus on durability and mold avoidance. JSW/D Architects spent
considerable effort detailing the project's waterproofing elements, including
details such as flashing and capillary breaks at the bases of posts. The
project's drawings include a diagram showing proper window flashing
details, and specify particular materials to achieve the best results. Roofing
elements are also important Roof overhangs help keep water out of the
walls as well as provide important shading, The roof has a 30-year warranty.
Hire an intere.ted general contractor. The best way to keep cm;t5 in line
is to hire a contractor who is willing to work with their subs to educate
and train them if they are not familiar with particular green measures or
materials. This helps counter the common practice of charging more for
something just because it is unfamiliar.
MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDEl.INES
CASE STUDY
THE BREAKERS
AT BAYPORT
F
/
f.' '
..".
ì
>\
I.
· Financing.
I
The cost data shawn i" the table are for the 52 rental units. Data were not
available for 10 units for sale at the time the case study was written,
SITE ACQUISITION COSTS. . . . ., $1/yr long-term ground lease
DEVELOPMENT COSTS
Construction .. , . , . , . , . , ., $8.5 million + $0.5 million contingency
Total. . . . . . . . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . . . , . , . . . , . , . ,. $13.2 million
FUNDING SOURCES
4% tax credit partner, . , . , . , . , . , . . . , . , . . . , . . . , . ,
State MHP (Multifamily Housing Program) , , . . . . . , . , . ,
Permanent debt , . , . , . , . . . , . , . , . . , , , , . . . . , , .
City of Aiômedô ' . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . . . , . , . . . , . . . , . .
Gen~r;;ll partner , . , . , . . , , . , . , . , . . . , , , . . . , . . . .
Alameda County, . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . . . , . , . , . , .
AHP through Federal Home Loan Bank. , . . . , . . , , , , ,
$5.3 million
$3,1 million
$2.4 r"illion
$1.2 millio"
$585,000
$385,000
$229,000
. 'J'hi8 Ca~(': Stlldy W;if> "U,':r,ittl~!'J by the Alameda
Com.1t.y'Was!.c \1anage:mC:r\i: Amhori'ty.!HI part üf
AVERAGE COST/SQ. FT. ...,.,.,.,...,.",.,.,... $168
it~ M:\1hifil.rni1y Cref:'J.\ IhÜ\r,HTI!!: Gq id,~li Tle~.
AVERAGE COST/UNIT
-- -- ---. -. -- ---.
$174,000
Tu ¡,¡I'll ;') III I,I'I!'~ (;11 id~11 m:~~ ;1 r~d r~I;).IIY ()I.f\I'~~'
AFFORDABILlTY TARGETS
30% of medi¡;¡n income., _. _, _,., _. _ _, _ _. 18 rental unit5
50% of median income. . , . . . . . . . . , . , . . . , . , . , .. 23 rental units
60% of median income. 10 rental units
100% of median income, , . , . . . , . . , . . . . . , . , . ,. 10 for-sale units
Onsite property manager, , . , . . , . , , , . , . , . . . , , , , . , 1 unit
w':J~t!~ -,\'(~dl1(,:1.il'¡I' ¡j nd ~~,I'/'~~I\ l¡~li.1dlnf pllbJ:ir.ati()nB,
viai'¡ vt....w.muhifa.tnil.yp·,('('n.org
()l'(:3USIO 61.4:.. 1.(',99-
p.4 ACWMA Multifamily Green Building GlJidclin~£ Ap~'il2004
MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
.---------------------.,
.. - - - - - - - - - - -
--------------..---------------
CASE STUDY
BETTY ANN
GARDENS FAMILY
APARTMENTS MainstreamingG-reen
The Betty Ann Gardens
affpCçl1JþlgJlousingproject i,n SònJos§,Ç1JJifornia,
gg.m.q.rLSJmt.g,$ thE! sU,ççessf.u1. c.Q.of.llJ~"n,ç~,.ot",mê..i.tl~.tr~~rn
c:p,!J$tnl..çtion practices, wi.th.,enV,iJ.ºD"m~t)tal sensibilities,
_ Çpmplgt§çI.in2003,Jh§]6:unit suburban develppmentlieson3,g acres along
the, banks of th~, Pçnit~nçi" Cre§k,1J.Jiparian preserve on North King, R.oaçl,
Th.is prQjeçtgX~mplifiesJhg.goals of its, San Jose:b,,'''dd§y,~!pper, éirst
CommunilyHousing(fCH),to make a pOSitive impaçt on theçqmmunity "þy
., ,. .m !:!uilçlL8K§4stal n,1JÞle""",h i gþ-qua 1.1 ty,MfQrçlªÞJgh.ou§ing d,evelopmentsòntJ.
offerin€resident services th.t"m,~"et th~Jle~dsof those who ,e"rn.le$sth1JD
.th~ ",í¡:I.re,@,:,~" m,,~çJ iar) jn,c;q(T1.e":,:,,:,, ,.
~--"'-"-:',,}~,
__, :=~-=:,~~}="..:c,,::::..
,.
-.".-.'---". ", ""
:~.~',""" '\\ . .
,> '. ¡=-d:-::::]
IY:'''-"O''Ji '''<>,-,.,:;~",\ ¡I' '-'''.,-,'-
Ii::JI _S" .,'"", II
[d ~::-,:(i~,,~',,' ~,lf,tT 1 ,;R~2u ,,~o
¿;, C·jh:1 '.' ''-' ;, (' J J;'III~~~ ~..,::..- ~:-::':: c,=-- ~::-- ::-~-
r'l."i: . "',' II" ,I: :- .. ,CCi1 ;) ", I ¡!DI 'yl¡]~ ill: '",1'
·,',",',·,}"',',.,·,¿I~;':i,,I!.',',.,'..,',','".. ", I,'",,·¡ln , ' , I'" I.J'i?J,~.;.b - : - --1-.: -~ ~:, ¡ _0=_ __ __
',~::~~~L:i¡lr'!'t·I~I(L.~, I( -,-- -- ,--- -",
<',,::·,:1:::::>·...... I I~"I\ i! "",
I \ I I'
:1 J:~, "" '"
\\
/
~ .--
"
~ì1I GREEN BUILDING
AIi1miII*It.xo¡.'yww~o~!r¡/A~11ty
4Irnot/a("'mll"\''''I.'',h"l.m ",rll'nr<~eIJiJl(
April ?OD.-1
LQCATION
North King Road at ßerryessa Road,
San Jose, California
PARCEL sIZE/DENSITY
3.87 a"es,
20 dwelling units per acre
BUilDING "rY'PE
3-!:;tory building with
rental apartrnent!ó
TOTAL SQ, FT.
Floor area: 85,169 sq. ft.
8lJilding footprint: 27,504 s.q. ft..
TARGET POPULATION
Families with low income.s
NUMBER 0, UNITS
76 total
1..bedroom: 16
2-bedroom.36
3-bedroom: 20
4,-be.droom: 4
COMPLETiON bATE
Augusr 2003
OWNER/DEYS:L.OPE~
First,Community Housing, San Jose, CA
ARCHITECT
Offir.~ of Jerome King, AlA,
San Jose, CA
GE~ERA,I. CONTRACTOR
Branagh Constructiorl, Oakland, CA
oTHER
Engineering Network performed "Title
24 (I[\Cilysi£; Plogeo Inc. providetj
HVAC design, Betty Ann Gardens,
.~ LLP, to own and operate: FCH wi II
remain a general partner.
CONTACT FOR MORE INFO
Marty Keller,
Director of Construction MC:1nagement
First Community Housing
~ N. Second StrE!et, #1250
San Jose, CA 95113
TEL 408-291-8650 exl. 14
'AX 408-993,909B
I::MAIL rnartyk@firsthousing.org
WrD www.firsthousing.mg
ACWMA Multifamily Grf;f;T1 f3ullJing Guidelines
p,]
-----------
n
»
(j)
jTl
if)
-I
C
o
-<
The initial de",gn approved hy the City Qf San .Jose was not specifically for
a green building project However, a cl1ange of staff at First Community
HQusing opened the door to more aggressive incorporation of green
features, Since this happened after the project was well underway, it was
too expensive to pursue major changes to siting and orientation. But it was
still pos5ibl~ to include many green materiJI~ ~nd efficient 5y::..tem5,
The development's key green building attributes include proximity to
public tranSit, use of low-toxicity materials, energy-efficient lighting and
appliances, and recycled-content roofing and flooring materials, Residential
feature:. are designed to encourage community interaction, and include a
children's play lot, 1:1 community center with kitch~rl, activity roDm5 and
offices, and lawn and rnini-plaz3 areas.
· What Makes it Green.
ENERGY
Overall, the project uses 26% less energy than allowed by Califorrlla's Title
24 energy code. All Betty Ann Gardens apartments feature ENERGY STAR"
air conditioners, di5hwðsher5, refrig~rðtor5 and compact fluQrescent lamps.
ENERGY STAR' products save electricity and reduce residents' utility bills,
Insulalron above levels required by code and vinyl-frame double-glazed
windows and sliding doors also 11elp conserve energy and keep the homes
comfortable. The apartments ir¡elude combination water/space hydronic
heating and cooling systems, which are generally more energy efficient
and less costly to operate than conventional water heating and forced air
systems,
MATERIALS
Many of the building materials used on this project contain recycled
Content or ~re otherwise resourcE'. etticient. Engineered joists and trusses
and OSS sheathing were used in place of solid wood and plywood, Fiber-
cement siding was substituted for solid wood siding. with tl1e added benefit
of greater durability and red\Jced mailltcn~mce, The community center's roof
is. blend of cellulose fiber and 100% recycled plastic, molded to resemble
slate tiles. All cabinets and trim i'3r~ mediurrl ·den5ity fiberbo;;lrd (MDF) with
no added formðldchyde¡ this materíi1 is manufactured with more than 90%
preCOnSlJmcr recycled wood. All carpeting contains recycled content! and
çarpet tile.s, rather than large rolls, were installed so that worn sections can
be selectively replaced,
p.? ACWMA Multifamiíy Groen [ìlJi:ding GlIiddl~lc~.; April 2004
GREEN at a GLANCE
1--
Key green, aspects of Betty Ann
Gardens ~He listed here, To learn about
incorporating these and other features,
in your projétt, refer to the appropriate'
section Of the ACWMA Multifamily
Green Building ,GuidalinBs.
PLANNING:& DESIGN
· BlIS stop il'i front of development;
free pUblic transit passes provided
to residents
· De5ign fo(community interaction:
ch.iidren's play, lot; commu'nity te'nte'r
with lounger computer learning
center, kitchen, activity,rooms and
offices;' 'lawn and mini-plaza areas.
.. Restoration and protection (if
nearby creek
· Preservation of eXisting tre'es onsite
STRuc1URE
,. Engineered joists and trusses" and
ass sheathing
· Fiberglass batt insulation with no
,dded ,formaldehyde
,. Fib~r-cement siding
· Community center roof: 100%
recycled plastic .¡¡nd cellulose
· Double-glazed. vinyl-framed windows
and sliding doors
SYSTEMS
· Combination water/space hydrortk
heating
· Compact fluorescent light'
· ENERGY STAR~ air conditioners,
dishwashers and refrigerators
FINISHES 81 f"U~NISH'NGS
,. Low-VaC intorior paints and
varnishe5
· Recycled·,content carpet tiles
ill Linol~ut)1 flooring
· Cabinets and trim: MDF with no
added formaldehyde; mo(e than' 90%
preconsumer recycled wood
----------------.
------------------------
... - ------------
HEALTH
To reduce harmful offgassing. batt insulation with no added formaldehyde
was used, as well as MDF cabinets and trim (,eo Materials above), In
kitchen, and bathrooms, linoleum flooring was laid instead of vinyl. Low-
VOC interior paints and varnishes were used throughout the proJect, which
also help maintain good indoor air quality.
WATER
By r.storing and protecting the nearby Penitencia Creek, project desigr1ers
contributed to improved water quality and stormwater runoff management.
Restoration work involved çleaning out garbagej replanting areas and
adding temporary irrigation for the newly planted trees, Installation 'of
eNERGY STAR" dishwashers Ilelps reduce overall water and energy use.
Unfortunately, due to the project's relatively late integration of green
building features, other water-conserving mea~ures 5uctl as permeable
paving end drought-tolerant landscaping could not be implemented without
adding burdensome cast5.
BettT Ann Ga,rdens demC)TI:strates t;he su.ccessjìÛ
con:f1,uence ofrnninstrwm constructi.o.T1.,pmc/.i,ces
tvÜh environmental sensibaiti.es.
........---.--.-
COMMUNITY DESIGN
A bus stop is located in front Qf Betty Ann G8rdens and residents are
provided free "Eca-passes" for unlimited use of local public transportation.
The developer pays $30 per person per year tor these passes, A community
center with lounge, computer learning center, activity room, ·kitchen and
office s.pace supports interactive community life. The site's. heritage trees
have been protected, which, along witll landscaped lawn and plaza areas,
provìde natural beauty, npen space and recreational opportunitie5.
.1ìps from the Trenches ·
Embed green building feature. at the earliest slages. The deciwHI to
more aggressively pursue grecn building strategies came late, after the
p"'ject rlad already received approvals from the City of San Jose, As a
re5ult, the project team had to work within tile bounds of the approved
design. Some green features, like d1anging the heights and orientations
of the buildings, would Ilave been feò,ib e early on, but required changes
in the City', development approvals and were therefore technically
and economically unfea.:.:;ihle at the later date. Fortunately, the ge·neral
contractor accommodated the developerl5 green building goals, and worked
with the architect to develop an alternative set of çost estimates for the
green leatures.
OJ
ïIl
-j
-1
-<
Þ
Z
Z
G)
).>
::::0
o
rrl
Z
(f)
April 2004 ACWMA MlJllir,Jr:rd1y Gr'eon Ouilding Gui[lelille~, 1."1.3
-.. - .. .- - - - .
(j
»
(f)
Jïl
(f)
--
c
o
-<
µ4
-----------------------------------------------------------
Work cöllaboratìvely throughout the process. From preliminary design
through finishing tQuches, the project's general contractor, developer and
archifect worked together in a highly collaborative environment. Goals
and processes were established at pre-bid and pre-construction, wi,icl)
helped minimize change orders and contain C05ts. It wasn't until after the
initial design approval that a change in staff at First Community Housing
precipitated the addition of more green building teatures, The developer
presented altern<::itive materials and practices and because of the existing
collaborative relation.hip. these Ideas were quickly evaluated and many
were adopted.
· Financing.
Wherever p055lble, the developer wQrked with the architect and gene,.1
contractor to incorporate green building practíces in a cost-effective
manner. Given the relatively late introduction of green measures, tile project
demonstrates practical green building $trategies while staying within an
acceptable budget
SITE ACQUISITION COSTS
$2,nO,000
DEVELOPMENT COSTS
Construction
Soft costs
Tot,,¡ . .. , . , .. , ., . , , , ,
$11,124,300
, . , . , . , . , , , . " .,.. $7,775,700
, , , . , . , , , . , . , , . . , , , . " $18,900,000
FUNDING SOURCES
City of San Jo.. (IQan) . , ' , . , , , , . . , , , , , . . . , , , . . ., $5,129,'/44
City of San Jose (graniJ ' , . . , , , . , , , , , , . , , . , " $934,370
Tax credit limited partner $6,058,696
Citi Bank ,. , . , . , , . , . . . . . , . . , . . . ' . . . . . , , . ' , . . , $7,610,000
General partner . , , , , , , . . . , , . , . . , , . , . . . , , , , , , . , ., $66,065
AVERAGE COST/SQ. FT.
$130.61
AVERAGE COST/UNIT, , ,
$146,373
AFFORDABILlTY TARGETS
30% of median income. . , , , . , , . , , . , , . , , . , . , , . . ,. ... 8 units
50% of median income. . . . . 15 units
60% of median inc~Jme.. ... . , , . , . . . , , . , . , , . . , , , ,. 52 units
Onsite property manager, , . , . , . , . , . . . . . , . , . , , , . , . , . . , , 1 unit
^CWM^ MLJl1ifiJr"níly Crf-!i'!n RI)ildinF( Guidelines April 2004
MIILTI'AMII.Y GRFFN RUII[)ING GUIOELlNES
CASE STU OV
BE'ITYANN
GARDENS FAMILY 1
APARTMENTS
-"""..."._"""",,"'-,,"'..
I
·-1
. ----.--....."'..-"'..
Thi;; Ca;;(~ Stmh '\'\ol B written Lv the .Alameda
, ,
CI1ITn1y W,I~tl' M,u1d¡:!;('menl .i\UiJ101l1} as p.3.n oj
i I. 'õ Mull. i 1"",,1.:1 .1"IX.~~~~I:::.~'..~~~,,~J..i !.'.~.L'.IJ:\ .~~.~~.~~~~~.iy~::.~;.:.. .._.... .._._".._,,1
1'0 obtain th('~ (~Ilidf:lin(:~~; ,llld marlY 111.h~~1"
W~ Rt r I:Ü dU(:[~fm,,? .:.~ ('.J" (I.:f~ I:~ r I· b Ili 1 d í .:~.Le.IJ"~.I"I"I,,I.:.? I. i (¡ r I~;,
VÙii'¡ www,multifamil)' :"ree:n.org
(J]'c.tlJ ,}¡C (;1...1.'
~ìJ GREEN BUILDING
liItnW(wI¡ty~~¡:w¡tA
!Ir.",.¡,.r"m~.¡IU(\I"I:.v~¡:nr('~1!r;n¡!
MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
-----------------
- - - - - ------ - - --------
CASE STUDY
-----------------,
JOHNSON CREEK
COMMONS
Giving New L~fe
to an Aging Building
In 1998, an~glng
apartnJent cQmpLex In",.Q,I!J~I."Southeast
EOItla nd." Qœgqn, "wa,,;,JrªDsforl] ed
ÞYagœçnJ~tIQfitjntQ"" U,rlving
CQml]unity fOLm$id'mtswith low
incomes, The cOI]IJ1unity, Œlled,JQhmQnÇr~dÇomm9Ds.ineludes a
renovated 15-uniLcompl~x..and. " n~V!dµpJe,unitQ~yeloped by Sustainaþle
.. .Cgr)lI)1IJnIt.ies "N,orthwest,(SCNW) and, ROSU::ommlJniJy [)~YeJqpmenL,th,e
projectl1elpS address the area's,l.ack of affQrdabkhQusing.
" ........"........--..-
Ao a retrofit prQj~çt.JQbnsQnÇreek Coml]on$might alreadyÞe cQnsid~red
a, greel1deYeIQPment,b~RdQnre~,~'èº,L~xi~ti.ng.þui Idings and,l]at~ri~ló,
1I1,~dditiQH,bQtb..tbe retr.9fiJted, uni,t$,,ªnd the new, dupJe~,ioçQrpQrªt~gre,en_
ª,ttr.i,þut~,5 ~.lJç,h".a.~",~nergy, eff,iciency, water, c,on~crva.t.j,c)rI.,,,,,,[~,ç!,lJçed ~,ª,?te,
,. .,,,nd,in!ploved indoor air quality. Acü.mmon gijId.erlªJlq.otheJ.community
fe;,atures enhance re5ide,nti~ll, lifr,...
SCNWJQundcrRQ,ów'òrieCordgllQ'sguiqing vjslon for the projeçt V!"ó
" .,..Þ">,e,d,.QD.",.h,er. .phi IO$ophy that "J IVlngi n awayJhªtj~".be"IJhy,Jh.at..preserves
re~ources, needs to be sometbingJ.h~tió.."ççessiblg!oeyeryone." Funding
\'!,ª$Prov ided by.lh e .Pmtl ~,n d" De~Glopmel1t cpmm I$SiOI1. ªnd"",S hQreBa n k
Pacific. SCNWIliJS ~inçe,çIQóed,þ~JJ.he ProJecti$still owned and QP~rat~d
by ROSE Comlllunlty Develpþl)1ent.
(iìJ GREEN BUILDING
tJomHtJ CfII!Nt¡ Wœ~ ~~~~IIII k'~¡
~~I ("'>Hi¡ .\"11'111' ""~.~m Wi' Rw/¡It'%,. ~¡frj
lOCATION
Brerltwoo(i-D¡:jrlin¡;(ton nûighborhood,
SE 72nd Avenue, outer SOIJUH:!i-)st
Portland, OR
PARCEL SIZE/DENSITY
0.9 éJCr'f!~;
17 dwelling units pr:;r ê\r..:re
.uICOING TYPE
Existing two-story building with rent¡::¡1
apartments; new d llJ)le;-; unit
TOTAL SQ_ FT.
Apartments: 11,436 sq, Il.;
Duple,; t ,68Q ,q. It.
TARGET POPULATION
FamiliE!s with low incomes
NUMBER OF UNITS
17 total
l-uedrOOtll; 1
2-bedroom: 16
COMPLETIoN DATE
August 1999 (apartment retrC)fitJ;
Marçh 2002 (new duplex)
OWNERfDEVElOPER
Sustainable Communitie.r:; Northwest
and ROSE Community Development,
Portland, OR
ARCHITECT
Duplex: Allen Scott ~nd Chris
Bt;!tl.srnan Davis, Portland. OR
GENERAL CONTRACTOR
Retrofit: All W8ather Remodeling,
Portland, OR
Duplex:: l..ong~hot Construction.
Portland, OR
OTHER
Duplex supplier5: E.nvìromnental
Building Supr1ies; ReBuilding Center:
Metro: American Aides
CONTACT FOR MORE INFO
Mike O'Brien (former SCNW board
member), Green Building Specìalist,
Office of Sustainable Development,
City of Portl('JmJ, Jean Valium Natural
Capital Center, /21 NW Ninth Ave.,
RoorT1 350, Portl¡:md, OR 97209
TFI 503-823··5494
EMAIL mobrien@ci,portland.or.lJs
AIXil2004 AÇWMA M,Jltif,Jrllily Green Guildinp, GIJidf'!iim~s
p,]
------------------.------------------------------------------------------
f"'~-'.
I~ )
»
(j)
¡-Or"'!.
c:
'..-)
-"
-What Makes it Green-
ENERGY
A key goal was to increase the apartments' energy efficiency. Floor
insulatIOn was increased from none to R-30. Existing walls hacl R-8 batt
insulation; rigid fnalil in5ulation was added in conjunction with new siding.
Ceiling insulation was upgraded from R-Il to R-38. Also, air tightness WaS
increased througl1 weather-stripping and caulking~ and vapor barriers were
installed in crawl space5.
The single-pane aluminum-frame windows were replaced with double-pane,
low-e windows with vinyl frarne5. The eledric resistance baseboard heating
wag replaced with efficient radi.ant cove heaters high on t.he walls with
separate thermostats by room, ENERGY STAf~~ appliances were installed,
and conventiQnal lights were replaced with compact fluorescent lamps in
kitchens and bedrooms,
The energy efficiency retrofit cost $43,942, and was so effective that
payback was estimated to be 2.5 year>. The new duplex included many of
these energy efficiency feaflJl'es at the design stage,
MATERIALS
At Johnson Creek Commons, roffen wood siding on t~le apartments was
replaced with Hardlplank, a fiber-cement product t~lat is durable and
uses less. tree fiber than wood siding. Sink5, countertops, doors and other
fixtures were replaced with higher quality sa!v¿¡ged products. And 90% of
the lumber used in the duplex construction was salvaged from oid buiidings
(s." Financing section below for more information), Additionally, fhe duplex
was built with advanced framing techniques. which use about 20% less
lumber than traditional fri3ming. The ~mall ¡3mount of new wood that was
used was FSC-certified to be sustainably harvested.
Long-lasting linQleum replaced the old vinyl flooring, Recycled-content
\.arpeting was ìnstalled in units and common areas. Recycled latex p£lint
was u,ed for the extenors, helping keep leftover paint from other projects
out of the landfill,
WATER
The Portland Water Bureau worked with the project owners to undertake
a water efficiency pilot program in the complex, Measures included
installing flow-reducing devices in toilets and showerheads; replacing olcl
washing machines WiU1 water-efficient front-loading machines; and using
automated rneter"reading technology to monitor the entire complex!;; water
consumption. A water-efficient landscape design and drip irrigation system
were inst<3lled. Bioswales in the parking area enabled the site to disconnect
from the storm sewer system and instead divert sl.orrnwater runoff into
landscaped areas.
HEALTH
At Johnson Creek Commons! linoleum replaced vinyl flooring. TI18 linoleum
was tile only item that ~1ad a :,ignificantly higher first W5t than sbndard
maferials, and it was chosen boti1 for 11ealth and durabllify reasons,
17.2 ACWMA MiJltit;:1nlily Green Building Guideline::, Apl·iI2004
GREEN at a GLANCE
Key gn:~en aspects of .John~otl' Crf!ek
Commons.are listed here. To learn
about incorporaring th~~f! ~n(j'other
green features in your project, turn to
the appropriate section of the ACWMA
Multifamily Green Builâirlg Guidefínes.
PLANNING & DESIGN
· Retrofit of existing building
" Community garden, playground'..
barbequ8 and picnic·areas
· Water-efficient landscape design and
irrigation ~ystem
· Bioswales for 5tormwater runoff
STRUCTURE
· FSC-certified wood
· Advanced framing
· R-30 floor insulation
· Rigid insulation added to existing
walls
· Ceiling insulation upgrad~d to R-38
from R-l"l
· Vapor barriers installed in crawl
spaces
" Fiber-cement sidinE
Double-pane, low-e, vinyl-framed
wíndows
SYSTEMS
· Efficient radiant cove heaters
· Weather-stripping and caulking
ill High-flow fan~ in fJll bathr(Jom$
" Compact fluorescent lights
· Energy-efficient appliances
.. Flow-reducir1g devices in tüílet5 and
showerheads
· Water-efficient front-loading washing
machines
FINISHES & FURNISHINGS
· Zero-VaC interior paint
ill Recycled latex exterior paint
ill Rp-~~y(:led-(:onlent (:1:Irpet
· Linoleum flooring
· Salvaw:!d IUnJuer, sink!:;, doors and
other fixtures
ill L.ow-emi~giong cabinets
----------------------------------------
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
rJQUI)le-pflnf':, law-e willdnw:=. wp.rl'! installed to
inc:re,,:=.-fI: enerp,y efficif':I1CY·
The owners specified zero-VaC interior paints and cabinetry made of
exterior-grade plywood with pile no I formaldehyde (the waterproof phenol
formaldehyde based binders offgas much less than urea formaldehyde
binders, which are typically found in interior-grade plywood), Given the 11igh
Ilumidlty levels of the Pacific Northwest, effective venliiation of bathrooms
is especi<:!lly irnportant. Many apartments were first cleaned of mold, and
high-flow Broan/Nutan. fans were installed in all bathrooms to reduce
moisture levels and inhibit mold growth.
COMMUNITY DESIGN
Under the gUidance 01 SCNW, Johnson Creek neighbors worked
collaboratively to design and plant a cmnrnunity garden¡ as well as create a
playground and barbeque and picnic area. The original complex's parking
101' wa:; Ii:\rger t.h<':HI needed¡ so tile owners used part of it for the dllple)(, and
included" retention pnnd önd bridge as design elements to connect the
new and retrofitted buildings,
"Li.pi.ng i.n O,'tUO'.T tho.t i.s hea.ltJJJ', tho,t preserves resources,
needs to be something thn,t i.s accessible to ever::vone.·'
IWSbMAnn: COhI>ELLO
Salvõlgt::d cüLlnlürlOp::; õJrL' USI.;:¡J irl U)u KI'lcI1Cn(;,
-Tips from the Trenches-
Plan ahe;¡ld. Some contractors were unfamiliar wíth some of the ¡¡:¡Iternative
building materials, or how to source th~rn etonornically. The developers
worked closely with t!1eir suppliers and contractors to prepare tt1ern
for the projeet and make the appropriate product purchase5. Some
circumstances-such 035 weather conditions-were out of anyone1s control.
(The owners caution against installing windows during December storms, if
at all possible!)
Provide ongoing support for community activities. Since project completion,
resident participation in the community garden h~:, w¡med. This is partially
attrihute;d to ;;J IQck of ongoing support trom community agenCif,:5, whether
tllrougll volunteer or paid staff, The .I"hrlson Creek garden is stili growing,
but with involvement from fewer houschold5 than at the beginning of tI~e
project.
Expect challenges when retrofitting an occupied building. n1e developers
did nut want to displace residents during the retrofit, .nd therefore had to
work cart;fully with ~;(JrltrQctors and residents to accommodate 50metimes
contlicting sC!ledulcs, A rcpre5~ntative of the owner personally went to talk
wiH1 each family about what to expect during r:onstruction, which went a
iong W"y toward helping the work flow smooti1ly.
1..-,
o
I
Z
en
o
z
()
::D
rrl
fïl
/,-,
o
o
<
~
ç
C)
Z
(J)
April 200L1 ACWM^ Multifall1ily Greell BUildir1~~ GIJi~j¡,!llnCs p.3
o
»
U>
fïl
U>
--¡
C
o
-<
p.4
--------
-------------------------------------------------------------
. Financing.
From the outset, this project was intended to show how low-income housing
can be durable, healthy and environmentally responsible. The owners
made a realistic as5e55ment of which gre~n building rnea5ures they could
include, and priorìtized key environmental goals: energy effìciency, re50urcc
conservation, low toxicity and durability. Some features, such as solar hot
water or photovoltaics, were never considered, due to budget restraints.
other green item5-- such '" wheatboard cabinetry, perme"ble paver>,
and damp-spray cellulose insulation-were initially considered, but later
rejected due to cost or availability barriers.
Still other items, such as hydronic heating for the duplexes, were installed
with the perspective that the energy savings and reliability make this
tecllnology a good long-term Investment. The duplex portion of the project
also benefited from excellent support from the ReBuilding Center, which
worked hard to supply the salvaged lumber package at a reasonable cost.
PROJECT FINANCES (15-UNIT RETROFIT PORTION ON~V)
Site acquisition costs
Retrofit and deferred maintenance costs, , , ,
$660,000
$230,000
$890,000
.... ...,...
Total
..........."...,."",."",.,.. ,..,.,.
FUNDING SOURCES
Partl.no Oovelopment Commission (equ ity gap grant)
Portland Oevelopment Commission (loan) ,
ShoreB.nk Pacific (loan) , , , . , , , , , . , . , . , . , , , , , , , , , ,
U.S. Bank (grant) .
$284,622
$350,000
$242,010
$ J 0,000
............", .
.".",.", ,
AVERAGE COST/SQ. FT. (RETROFIT) ,
$20
AFFORDABILlTY TARGETS
30% of median income.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - .
5 unit5
50% of median income. .. , . , , , ,
.,..",. ,
10 units
..,.,.",. ,
^CWMA MuILif¡Jr'ni:y Crp.p.r1 RI,Jildinp, Guidelines April 2004
MLJLTIrAMILY GR[[N GUll DING GUIDELINES
;~;¡)~SON CREEK I
COMMONS I
Thi8 Ca.sc Study \\<'a~ .......:ritv::n by the Aj~mli'd~1
g,f.~,~,I:!,),t:y~ast~ ManaþCmcnt Al11:horiry all part oj'
i I~; Mil hi t;¡ rr~:i!x. (!,r~::~!.:,H1,:il,:~ i~~E. 0.:~j~¡,(:!.i!1:'~,
')'(¡ ("]ht.~jr'1 !h(~ (~IlIIJ¡,~li rl!;c; õlrld m;Jr~'y 1¡l.llj:~r
'11,'<131(: l"f;c\uctit)n ~lJd ¡,p't.en htlildingpllbl.i.r:ati(¡m,
~isi.t 'W\'I'w,mu'ltifa..l:rlil~(~n .org
or [:..'1.11 ~:po-()I+"1.6r,?
CiiJ GREEN BUILDING
iJ7whL![I ;~W¡! ~~~'IAu
~""¡'["."~'''''III.boI"iNJ ,'''!~&''''''1
GRELJ.\lNG
~~~,,".'~
On"n1l.~j erHH'gy Cm.leri\.l',,¡ntl . ~:~,nfœp::Y' K!tll;hncy - Landsoaping/Site PlannIng' HcsouJ,':",w Cm~f;;;;:J'í;'MHm . ~',nd.ool' Environmental Quo.l,it]
--~,,~-,~_._-
'~I 1 '''I f'l i
~~¡:tïL(JE~r'L~J[~l() ¡~:¡I!~(;~il~¡,I:~¡'Jr~;í), 502 COLORADO AVENUE. SANTA MONICA, CAliFORNIA
The Colorado Court project sets an ambitious new stondard far energy- and resource-efficient affordable
housing. An urban infill development, Colorado Court is located in a prominent location ot 5th and Colorado in
downtown Santa Monica, close to shops, jobs, civic buildings, and public transit lines.
The impetus to make the project a showcase of green technologies ond design came from the City's involvement
with the Regional Energy Efficiency Initiative, a program that supports municipol energy-efficiency
demonstrotion projects. The City of Sonta Monico Environmental Programs Division worked in cooperation with
the City Housing Division, the Community Corporotion of Sonta Monica, and the project architects to identify and
implement the green features.
I;: ;:;j" 'I':~
·,:'1' Ij
,\,'1,', 'i':!:':':~:~':,,:lr"
, 'I
,'::.:,,:,.'.:.,,:¡
"":""::i:"":'::"
";",';:,'i:')I:;;:":
Project Size:
29,900 sf, 5 floors. 44studlo units
Construction Cost:
$4,3 million
Completion Dote:
Ap"il 2002
Owner/Developer:
ComnllJnity Corp, of S"ntlJ Monica
Architect:
PIJgh .scmpcJ Kodc.1rmJ
EnergyConsultont:
Helios International, Ine,
Mechonical/EI.ec..;ca1 Engineer:
Storms & Lowe
Structural Engineer:
Nobih You55d & A"ocic,t,,,
Contractor:
Ruiz Brothers Co.n;;truc~iorl Co.
Construction'Monoger:
G!Jc':ciorle and..Associates
LClndscope Architect:
Dry Design, Inc.
;;¡¡:::~~~:"~' '1:;",;:11
'::\:!i~'!~:\r~';:\": :>:~:
,,; :V:¡¡i
" ,
';I""ï":'i:'
,I~" :,"(> '
, '..,1
'-',;'.-
Numerous environmental çonsiderations were incorporated
in the early planning ond design stages of the proiect.
The architects and energy çonsultant colloborated
from the outset to minimi;ze energy use ond best utili;ze
noturol features such as the sun and prevailing winds.
The orientation ond shope of the building and the
placement of windows moximi;ze noturol daylighting
and noturol ventilation and provide shading where
needed. Because of these passive design strotegies, it
Wos only necessory to provide air conditioning in one
smoll oreo of officespoce.
The building's design and technologies allow it to
ochieve 0 level of energy efficiency thot exceeds both
the Stote of Colifornio Title 24 Energy Code and the
locol standords set by the City of Sonto Monico's
Green Building Design ond Construction Guidelines.
The project's energy consultants expect thot the
building will exceed Title 24 efficiency standords by
50%, resulting In savings of olmost $1 O,OOO/year
(os of June 2001 energy ratesl. The consultonts also
estimote thot olmost 100% of the power needed by
the building's occupants can be generoted on the site
by solar photovoltoic panels and an on-site gas turbine.
Over the course of 0 yeor, the site will probobly
produce more electricity than it çonsumes,
During and ofter construction, the energy consultonts
are conducting tests to ensure that the building's
systems and equipment were procured as specified
and ore working as intended---<:J process known as
commissioning. The commissioning evoluotion will
continue throughout the first year of the building's
operation.
IContinlJl?:d on Next Pu~e)
In addition to the energy.efficient measures, the project r
includes design features, materials, and systems that
address the building's impact on the site, water use,
resource use, and tenont heolth and well-being [see list
of feotures, below).
The building was designed to meet mony of the
rigorous criterio of the LEED (Leadership in Energy ond
Environmental Design) rating system, developed by the
U.S. Green Building Council. The project has been
registered for LEED certification and its owner and
designers hope thot it will attoin the Gold rating.
On-Site Energy Gene¡>!1tion
· Photovoltoic (PV) panels are integrated into the building focade ond ore On the rooftop. The 25-30 kW
system will produce more electricity during the daytime peak hours than needed by residents. If the
building is deemed eligible for net metering (see finol paragroph of the case study), the surplus
electricity that is generated on site can be sent to the power grid; the building owner will then be
credited for that by the utility. During non-daylight hours, when the PV system does not operate,
electricity will be generated by the turbine/cogeneration system ond taken from the grid, However, the
electricity obtoined from the grid should be offset by the surplus sent into the grid, Therefore, under a
net metering system, the residents' electricity bills should be zero.
· A 28 kW natural-gas-powered turbine with cogenerotion (waste heat recovery) system operates in the
early morning ond evening hours, to meet the remainder of the electricity demand, This system also
provides 100% of the building's domestic hot woter needs ond 0 substantial portion of the winter space
heoting requirements. This low-emission system has 0 conversion efficiency of approximotely 70% (while
primary energy delivered via the utility grid is only about 30% efficient). Also interesting to note is that,
in Californio, the price of natural gos is discounted for consumers who use cogeneration systems.
Energy Efficiency
· Shading for south-facing windows
· Minimol glozing on the west focode
· Double-pane, low-E, krypton-sealed, high-efficiency glazing
· Compact fluorescent, low-mercury bulbs
· Indoor and outdoor motion sensors for lighting
· R-21 insulotian throughout the building [recycled blown-in cellulose in 2x6 froming)
· R-30 insulation in the roof
· Integrotion of the water heating, spoce heating, ond cogenerotion waste heat systems
· Compact, energy-efficient, non-CFC refrigerators
· Energy-efficient heot pump with ozone-friendly refrigerant
· Reflective roof cooting
Site Plani1ing/Landsc!J,plng
· Existing polm trees kept on site
· Permeable gravel olley and underground stormwater retention system will retain 95% of the site's stormwater
runoff (and 100% of the entire block's olley runoff) to ollow its grodual absorption into the groundwoter
· Drought-tolerant plantings, including native plants and ground cover
· Drip irrigotion system with seosonal adjustment
· Porking spoces locoted underneoth building to reduce heot island effect
Resouroe Conscnration
· Construction site waste recycling
· Recycling bin storage area
· Recycled-content corpeting
Indoor Environmental Quality
· Operable windows and transoms for noturol crass-ventilation
· Natural daylighting through courtyord design and window plocement
· Low-VOC paint, formaldehyde-free MDF for cabinetry, natural linoleum insteod of vinyl flooring
Alternative Transport~'i,tí(Jn Provisions
· Bicycle racks ond storoge area
· Parking spaces for tenant vonpool vehicles
· Under considerotion: Alternative fuel dispensing station for two vehicles
All of the project's special ener¡;Jy measures,
combined, cost approximotely $500,000. This added
cost is being covered, roughly half and holf, by the
City of Sonto Monico and the Regional Energy
Efficiency Initiative. The REEl is 0 joint program of
Southern Californio Edison, the Californio Energy
Coalition, and the Cities of Irvine ond Sonto Monico.
It uses public goods surcharges from utility bills to Fund
energy.efficiency demonstrotion projects in those two cities.
Becouse REEl funds energy efficiency features only, the
City covered the cost of the energy generation systems
(the photavoltoic panels ond gos turbine generator).
The Community Corporotion of Sonta Monica expects
to receive a buy-down 01 almost $65,000 from the
Californio Energy Commission for the photovoltaic
:i:
'\1:
system, which cost approximotely $220,000. And
Southern Colifornio Gas company is providing 0
$17,800 rebote on the $57,000 natural-gas turbine
and cogeneration system (cost includes contractor's
prevailing woge for instollation); the company will
also be doing field testing on the unit to see how it
performs. The system is expected to hove a payback
in fewer than ten years, ond the project's efficiency
measures should have 0 payback (ond net monetary
benefit) in fewer than five years.
The stormwater retention system was paid for by the
City of Santa Monico's Public Works Department, os
part of the department's program to capture
stormwater at key sites within the city, in order to
prevent urbon pollutont runoff into the bay.
As Colorado Court is a demonstration project, it is not surprisin"g thotits designers and developers
encountered some obstacles in the course of its development. One of the main lessons learned wos
that the project never could have been accomplished withoutcammitment towords the project goals
from all members of the team. The following are some of the challenges that they faced:
Construction Waste Recycling: A new City 01 Santo Monico construction waste recycling ordinonce will
take effect in the spring of 2001. Once services are in place to handle such recycling citywide and the
practice becomes commonploce, it is expected that contractors ond owners will actually save money by
recycling construction waste and thereby diverting it from landfills. Colorado Court served oS a demonstration
project to prepare for this ordinonce. Because construction waste recycling is not yet common, and because
the site was too small to allow lor easy on-site woste seporation, the Community Corporotion has had to pay a
premium (on estimated $10,000) from its contingency funds to have the site's construction waste recycled.
Flooring: The orchitects would have preferred to hove polished concrete floors with throw rugs in the
apartments, rather than carpeting, because hard-surfoce flooring does not create the health problems that
carpeting con, and because it would have saved money. However, it is common practice to include corpeting
in offordoble housing units, due to perceptions of comfort and to the extro soundproofing that carpeting
provides. The architects also suggested natural linoleum flooring in lieu of synthetic vinyl flooring in bothroom
and kitchen areos. At first, the higher cost of linoleum was considered prohibitive (even though linoleum is
much more durable than vinyl flooring and therefore has 0 lower cost over its lifetime). In the end, the CCSM
was able to negotiate 0 lower price for the linoleum, because they purchosed it ond the carpet from the some
monufocturer.
Certified Wood: The originol intent was to use wood from certified sustainably-harvested forests for framing.
However, becouse the supply of certified wood wos low during the course of the project, its price was prohibitively high.
Concrete: Cement used in this project will only contain up to 10% flyash. Flyash is a waste product from
coal.burning power plants ond trapping it in cement is a good way to use the woste moterial while olso
strengthening the concrete_ The architects would hove preferred to use cement with 0 higher flyosh content.
However, the added curing time required for higher flyash-content cement would have deloyed the project,
which would hove mode it mare costly.
Equipment Down$izing: It took some time to convince the mechonicol
engineers to downsize the mechanical/electrical/plumbing equipment (hydronic
radiators, piping, water pumps, and heat pump). But once the energy efficiency
features were incorporated into the load analysis, downsizing ond system
integration were deemed feosible_
Tax Credit$ for Affordable Hou$ing: The Colorado Court project was not
selected for the highly competitive tax credits far low·income housing under the
2000 criteria. However, the new 2001 criteria issue points for energy efficiency_
Hod these criteria been in ploce lost year, the project would hove been more competitive,
Energy Generation Regulation: The architects, energy consultonts, ond
CCSM hove taken a creative and aggressive approach in incorporating the on-site,
distributed power generation technologies into the project. Project teom members
hove been involved in extensive coordinotion with stote government officio Is. The
most significant regulatory chollenge they have faced concernS electricol net metering
rules. Net metering means thot when customers generate more electricity than they
consume, the electricity can flow bock into the grid and the customer's meter will run
backward, The customer is credited for up to 100% of their net generation of
electricity. Until recently, the state only allowed for the net metering of systems roted
at 0 maximum of 10 kW of renewable power; the Colorado Court PY system con
generate up to 30 kW of electricity. The City encouroged the State Assembly to
odopt new legislation to accommodate larger systems. Midway through the
construction of Colorado Court, the legislation wos possed, allowing for net
metering of systems rated up to 1 MW (1,000 kW). However, this will not be
applicable to Colorodo Court because of the woy thot Southern California
Edison interpreted 0 Public Utilities Commission ruling thot seemingly precludes
buildings with more than one source of on-site power generation from net metering_
This means that the project cannot reap the full benefits of hoving both the photovoltoic
panels and the gas turbine.
· Pugh Scarpa Kodama
Architec/s, 310-828-2996, p,k@pugh-scorpo,com
· Helios International, Inc.
Energy Consul/ant: Dr_ John Ingersoll, 818·884-8782
· City of Santa Monica-Housing and Redevelopment Division
Proied Monag.,,: Jim Kemper, 310-434-2647
· City of Santa Monica-£nvironmentalPrograms Division
Energy and Green Building Coordinator: Su,on Munves, 310-458-8229
· Community Corporation of Santa Monica ,
Praieet Manager: Robin Roida, 310-394-8487 xl18
I':ßI'
I' )',:,::,
,.
I
~,{ ':
I~i' ..
, ,
I"'I~I"I'," '.
",',,11,',"""',
¡l!li
.'t'""
:;'':t~~
1fit?,i
".-"~.":--,.
.:",~ :
:,Iii
,':~II
III, '
.1
~ ~ I
'I
II it,
I" ,i
'L I!I ',i
Hd (
.,",-.,"
'-
"II~
111<"
"
JIIII'
~ir
~ ,',I,
L .:'<,1;'1.:';<," ¡"V,l" "'1. ,:'~;..'\'\'.
'''....04'''''"'''~''----'
("",,!, , ('
"",'""""..,I,,",:,;,',",..J" "
I r..,,,"'::" ,,", I
( -.Ii, , '
, \"",',:1' (
, ~ I ~ . ~
.""~-"""""","",,,,-"",...-
r 'p.~:.:-"":' ~.) '~,H l..~:~~~,~,,~,~ I'"'~'<, '14J'"
Snn. u I\lonl('n
A SU5ta.inable Cornrmmity
Prepared by Global Green US;] in parmershiJ) with Jhe City of5iln.ta Mon.ica Housing Division,
with fundingþ(1m the CalifornÙllntegrated Wáste Management Board www.globalgreen.org
GLOBAL GREEN USA ~" '.
BUILDING ROCKS ".
C R EEN] NC AF FO RDABLE H 0 USI N G
Site PlanniDg . Alternative Transportation· Energy Efficiency . Renewable Energy . BesOUl'Ce Oonservation . Resident Health
"1'..__ ~I'':......... 'JiI!:nn4'hr VftI'Icdftd 1 31-1 36 LEIBRANDT STREET
...11 UliVCI V.&DId.. U&&.....J .&&VUiiM&'6 SANTA CRUZ, CALIFORNIA
Nueva Vista is a cutting-edge example of how 0 dedicated affordable housing developer can incorpo...te many
green features into a project while workin!! wirilin 0 limited budget. A 4B-unit urban infill project just steps from
the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk, Nueva V'Sto reduce. cor trips by including a child care facility and 0 city
community center on-site, improves the he"lth of residents by using a variety of non-toxic finishes, and lowers
operating costs by incorpo...ting solar electricity and OItIer energy efficient measures.
Nueva Vista grew out of a lengrily organizing ond community design effort in conjunction with rile project's
very low and low-income residents who work In the county'. tourism and agricultural sectors, and tlle green
aspects of the project helped build political support from the Santa Cruz City Council. The example set by Nuevo
Vista was instrumental in leading the develoCer, Mercy Housing California, one of the stote's largest developers
of affordable housing, to establish green bui ding guidelines for all its future building projects.
Owner/Developer:
/lkro¡ Housing California
Arc:hitect:
Van Meier Willie,"'; Pollack
MechanicalfElectricalEngi..-:
MCT Engineers
Generøl ContrClctar:
Devcon Construction
.
"
.'
Project Size:
Two buildings, 64,802 '.f. total, 48 units
with child care facility and çornrnunity
cenl'el"
Construction Cost:
$10 million ($ 1 54/sJl
Completion Pelte:
November 2003
I~ {"',., ml~ 0,1
Nueva Vista was conceived as a green project from tne
start, an aspect tnat greariy contributed to its overoll success.
Botn green design and affordable housing experience were
used as key criteria in the selection of tne design leam. The
develaper olso identified potentiallunding resources early
on, taking particular odvontage of changes to the allocation
criterio for affordoble housing tox credits in Colifornio tnot
support sustainable design. Because of this upfront
commitment and tne reolizotion tnat some exJro resources
were potentially available, mony of the project's green
features were not" adckms" but integral to the design.
In tne early design phases, attention was paid to building
orientation so tnot the units could moximize tne benefits of
botn sunlight ond oceon breezes. Window-shoding and
Energy Consultant:
Farber Energy Design
Solar Consultant:
EcoFnèrgie"ln~.
FinClnciClI Consultant:
Cô",munity Economics
tnrough units enabled tne project to eliminate oir conditioning
ond rely purely on natural ventilation ta =01 tne building.
Hard-coot glozing allaws lor heat gain during the cold
winter montns but still reflects harmful ultraviolet roys.
Energy efficiency wos also stressed. Gos-pawered hot water
heaters do double duty by providing spoce heating in each
apartment. (See Diagram) Highly efficient refrigerators were
also specified lor each unit. As 0 result of tnese and otner
measures, tne entire complex is expected to exceed tne
standards of tne' Calilornio Tì~e 24 Energy Code by at least
15%. Witn all units individually metered for botn gos and
electricity, much of the energy savings will Row directly to tne
residents, Meanwhile, tne owner will save opproximotely
$5,000 per year in operoting costs by directing tne
¡Continued on Next Fogel
, ....,-,--_.,_.,.
"
,
liIf '
"·'-·r.!.· I
I '
" ,',' "",,
.' :" ,,'. ", ,,' ,:""j !~j,'f"1'111':(!»\I~I:::III;~!.' '.'
,"' i'" "','
(/",
"
"111,1:1_
,"'.....,
~ '..
r
-','
The ,ite plan orionl, the b"ilding' to moxirnize the benelit; 01 both
5un!ígJ)f C1nd OceC1n breezes
(Green Feoture$ Continued)
electricity generated by the 20 kW solor system to the
common areas, including all exterior and interior common
oreo lighting, the irrigotion system, the elevator, ond office
mochines, computers ond opplionces in the community
room.
Researching, identifying and specifying green building
materiols, particularly those which hove 0 positive effect on
the heolth of residents, was 0 major chollenge. The architect
worked with their own appropriate materials checklist to set
design criteria and explore cost implications, Later, a green
design chorrette, conducted by Globol Green USA os
construction documents were being prepared, helped
norrow the choices ond identify creative ways to pursue
green building objectives. For exomple, a system of "bid
alternates" was devised so that the contractor would obtain
cost in for motion for green materials thot were not included in
the original budget. This enabled Mercy Housing the
Aexibility ta choose and prioritize which features could
affordably be incorporated inta the development.
Site Planning/Alternative Transportation
· Highly efficient drip irrigation system with scheduled timing
· Notive, drought-resistont plonts with low woter needs
· Reduced parking
· Ample bicycle storage
Energy Effioiency and Renewable Energy
· Individuol electrical and gas meters to promote energy conservation
. Hot water heaters also power space heaters (,ee illu,tration)
. Energy StarTM opplionces
· All fluorescent lighting
· Double poned windows with low-E, hard-coot glozing
· No mechonical cooling
· 10 kW AC solar electric system installed on each building
· 140 roof·mounted solar ponels generote approximotely
35,000 kilowatt-hours per year
· Digital display of solar generation in each building,
displaying $350/month in operoting cost sovings
ltlS':'12()"\,J¡\HR
..
AI'()Ll,OAI~
HANULU{
1"\'
01
o
hg¡
\J~
I:'
""I
2:=,
'"
HEATED
INSIDE AIR ,I
., ~
un' 110' ,'u:w.\-----,l",
WAI1.:I( HrAT
r);(" IANC.n~
l'IOTWATlk
]"(")i"IOl,Sr
+
+
(,.'\)
\'\iA I ~~
1"'ll:i\I'[R
Combined hydranic hoating'
lJ$e$ worm water stored in
Ihe water hea~er to previde
· ¡Ieof 10 fJle ur~it5
Resource Oonservation
· Sustoinably harvested plywood, FSC-Certified
· Permanent flow restrictors reduce water use in sinks by two·thirds
· Noturallinoleum flooring in kitchens and both rooms
· Recycloble çorpet with high level of recycled content
· Construction waste recycling
Resident Health
· Fully vented cooking
· High-capocity bathroom fans to reduce spread of mold
. Formaldehyde-free bolt insulation
· No-VOC point
. Formoldehyde-free counter substrates
· Arsenic-free sill plates
Like most ollordoble housing projects, a voriety of public
and private sources were used to build the project. These
sources included the federal and stote lax credit progroms
lor ollordable housing, the Federal Home Loan Bank's
AlIordoble Housing Program, the City of Sanla Cruz ond
it's Redevelopment Agency, a conventionol mortgage from
Citibank, and a gront !rom the David and Lucille Packard
Foundation to ossist with the costs of the child care facility.
Nueva Vista also benefited !rom 0 wide variety 01 special
funds dedicated to green building. The project was
oworded lax credits partially due to extra points it was
granted in the lax credit allocation scoring system lor
besting Tirle 24 energy efficiency Slandards by 15% ond
lor inslalling energy efficient appliances, fluorescent light
fixtures, ond water-efficient landscaping. The tolal cost of
the solor electricity system, $211,000, was more than
offset by speciol funds ovoiloble lor installing renewable
energy systems, including federal ond slate solar tax credits
bought by the project's tax credit investor, AEGON
Community Investments.
Green-speciFic financing induded:
WHY BUILD GREEN?
'1;;"'.':;
.~:l;'
,:,""
;'::¡:i
Even with a commiffl.d developer, 8JCperienced,cIe.ign leom,and a ho.t of extra funds available 10 the project; Nueva Vi.fa faced a
number afchal/enge. in, the proce.. af creating a 'lJCce5sfulgreen project.
o Construction Management: Initiolly the controctor hod some difficulty adjusting to the different "green"
specificotions being considered by the design team and was reluctant to accept changes to standard
construction practice. After much discussion, a process familiar to the contractor was devised whereby the
contractor was asked to price certoin green moterials as bid alter notes. This required the contractor to moke
an up'-front commitment to providing tne materiols ot a specified cost and ollowed the developer to
calculote which of various options fit within the budget. While this system of bid alternates was crucial ta
moving the project forword, it does have some drawbacks. The shortcamings of this approoch include: the
need lor the design team to do a great deal of research to develop the set of olternative specs; the potentiol
that green building materials will lorever be seen by controctors as on "alternote" rother tlian stondard
practice; ond the possibility thot mony green features will be labeled as additional cost items ond ultimately
be reiected by a less committed developer.
o Corpet Recycling: In affordable housing developments, carpeting is typically chonged every 5 to 7 y'eors.
This frequent rate of replacement generotes thousonds of pounds of londfill waste, on issue of porticular
concern in Sonta Cruz county where existing londfills will reach capacity within 15 years. As a result,
ottention focused on specifying carpet that wos made of recycled moterral and is recycloble os well. While
many carpet manufacturers claim tliat their Cor pets ore recycloble - with some even offering "take-back"
programs - the octual infrostructure for carpet recycling is weok. For example, one option lor recycloble
carpet thot wos considered would hove required the owner to cut the old corpet into pollet-size pieces and
pay to have it delivered to onother county. Another monufacturer ogreed to toke back the corpet ofter
removol but could not guorantee that it would octuolly be recycled, indicoting thot it might be incineroted
insteod. Eventuolly the decision wos mode to specify carpet with recycled content ond mode from nylon-6,
o moteriol with recycloble properties, with the hope thot the industry ond recycling infrastructure will evolve
significontly over the next severol yeors.
Q Kitchen and Bathroom Flooring: Greot effort wos put into eliminating vinyl flooring - which is generolly
not recycloble ond generates harmful pollutonts when monufoctured - DY using noturallinoleum in both lIie
kitchen ond both. While linoleum had a higher upfront cost ($5.00/sf versus $3.50/sf for sheet vinyl), it
should last 40 yeors, compared to only 7 to 10 yeors for sheet vinyl, thus significontly lowering operoting
costs over time. Nevertheless, there continues to be concern obout the potentiol for moisture·related
problems with the linoleum in the bothroom. Greot Core wos put into instolling the linoleum properly, while
moisture build-up is minimized by providing high-copocity fons with no monuol override [as opp.osed to
outomatic humidistot controls) in the bothrooms. Tenants will olso be given moteriol exploining the
environmentol benefits of linoleum versus vinyl and the need for proper mointenonce.
o Water Metering: To promote conservotion, the developer investigated providing individuol woter meters to
the units in oddition to the individuol electricity and gas meters. This proved to 6e more difficult thon
expected, os eoch meter would have required 0 seporate ond costly hook-up fee. A system of sub-metering,
whereby individuol flow meters are instolled ond residents ore billed seporotely by 0 third party, could not
be set up within the time dictoted by the construction schedule but remains 0 promising option.
· Mercy Housing California, Owner/Developer
Project Monoger: Elisobeth Vogel, 831·471-1910, evogel@mercyhousing.org
· Van Meter WilliarnsPollack, Architect
Architect: Fred Pollock,415-97 4-5352, fred@vmwp,com
· Global Green USA,. Green Building Technicol ¡\.ssistQnce
Progrom Director: Walker Wells, 31 0-394-7700, wwells@globolgreen..org
· EcoEnergJes, S%r Consultant
Solas Monoger: Mike Aren;on, 831-427-9070, maranson@acoenergias.com
p'·,-pared by Clob,,1 Green (1.\;4, with fimdinl{from ,he Üwid and L"cille Packard }o¡m"ddtiol1, GLOBAL GREEN USA ~""
Septerr,ber 2003 www.g/obolgreen.org @ Printed on Recyclod Poper BUILDING BLOaCS Ir"1ll
GREEN I NG AF ,F a RD AB LE H au 51 N GIN ITIATIVE
.~,~,~,-~,~"'-'. ,.-- ".,._-''',~~--
On..Slte Enel'GY Generation - En8rgy Efficiency' Landscaping/Site Planning' Resource CO!1SeroaLlo!1 - Indoor Environmental QualIty
20th St. APARTMENTS
1925 & 1933 20th Street, Santa Monica, California
S",ntcl M",nic",'. 20th Street Ap",rtment. serve "'s '" pioneering e"''''mple of ",n energy-efficient reh",bilitcltion of '"
low-income housing development. The City ",nd the Community Corpa....tion of S",ntcl Monic", expect th",t future
housing rehabilitcltion projects will incorpor"'te m"'ny of the energy efficiency features demonstr",ted in this
project, ond will probably include ",n even bro",der ",rr",y of environment",1 features.
.~ om
Energy ConsultClnt:
Syska & HenneS5Y
PrójectSlze:
30,000 SF, 2 buildingó¡ 34 one- and
1wo-bedroom units
Construction, cost:
$635,000
CompletiCln 'date:
Spring 200]
Owner/DevelO?per:
C"mrnwnily Ciorp, of Santa i\A6nica
Architect:
Rd ph Mechu ¡,Arch iteets
c "~ ~i'
,I
The 20th Street Apartments, built in the lote 1960s, is
typical of opartment construction in Sonta Monica
durin9 this period. The building included an
inefficient rodiont ceiling heating system, limited
insulation, ond single-gloss glozing on windows and
sliding doors,
The City saw the need to reploce the rodiont heoting
system as on opportunity to undertoke a more
extensive energy retrofit. The City hired Sysko &
Hennessey, engineering consultants, to conduct on
energy audit and efficiency feasibility study, Using
the TRACE computer energy modeling software for
the ossessment, they prepared an Energy Efficiency
Alternatives Report, which recommended vorious
energy efficiency options, based on criterio such as
the financial payback period ond funding potential.
The energy efficiency upgrodes thot have been
incorporated into the project are as follows:
ContrClctar:
Th~ä~ÚMeril Co_
· Solar-assisted hot water heating system repaired
· Refrigerators in some units replaced with Energy
Star refrigerators
· R-30 ollic insulotion odded
· WolI insulotian odded
· Windows and sliding gloss doors replaced with
dual-glazed glass
· Compact fluorescent lightbulbs provided for
resident~
· Thermostats with night setbocks provided
· Skylights (for naturollighting ) odded to
stairwells
The consultants estimate thot the upgrades will reduce
the building's electric energy usage by 39% ond
natural gas usage by 22%, resulting in savings of
more than $10,000 per year, The project also
includes environmental feotures including:
· Recycled plostic T rex lumber lor the patio fences
· Recycled rubber mat for the playground
· Low-flow showerheads
· Drought-toleront plantings
¡.
This praject's energy efficiency upgrades added opproximately $106,000 to the project cost. The upgrades
were funded by the City of Sonta Monico ond by the Regionol Energy Efficiency Initiotive. The REEl is a joint [
program of Southern California Edison, the California Energy Coolition, and the Cities of Irvine ond Santo
Monico. It provides funding for energy-efficiency demonstrotion projects in those two cities. The Energy Star )..".'.
refrigerotors ond the compoct fluorescent lightbulbs were provided by Southern California Edison. Edison will
be monitoring the energy sovings afforded by the new refrigerators.
Limited Scope of Rehabilitation Projects: It is generolly easier to incorporate green opproaches into a new
building design thon into a renovation project. Because the siting, form, and window location were all
predetermined at 20th Street, the majority of the work focused on upgrading existing systems. Furthermore, because
rehobilitotion projects often involve selective rehob work (replocement of moterials and finishes in only a few units),
such projects do not lend themselves to high-volume economies of scale for procuring alternative materials.
Standards for Green Building: The Community Corporotion of Santo Monico (CCSM) has not yet
integrated the City of Sonto Monico's Green Building Design and Construction Guidelines into the internal
standards used by CCSM project managers and facilities managers. However, CCSM's Minimum Standards
for Rehabilitotion Projects currently do include severo I items related to green building. There are: installotion of
setback thermostats, upgrading to R·19 insulation throughout the building, instollation of fluarescent fixtures in
kitchens ond bothrooms, prohibiting the use of particleboard for kitchen cabinets, and requiring contractors to
obtain on alternate cost for recycled carpeting, and. These standards are included in all rehab bid packages
and implemented at the discretion of the individual project monagers. In the 20th Street project, plywood wos
used instead of particleboard for kitchen cabinets, which greatly reduces but does not eliminate the presence of
formoldehyde, In the future, CCSM is looking into specifying a no-formaldehyde fiberboard such as Medite II
or Allgreen in future projects. Recycled-content carpeting was not used in this project due to cost, but is also
being explored for future projects. CCSM is also researching prices and suppliers of no·VOC points ond
natural linoleum flooring, Community Corporotion anticipates thot more green features will be incorporated into
the Standards for Rehabilitation Projects as more products and materials ore tested in upcoming projects.
Familiarity with Green Materials and Approaches: Project manogers involved with the project
expressed the importance of all project teom members being familiar with green techniques, technologies, and
materials. One of the major reosons that mony green materials were not incorporated into this project is that
the contractors, specifiers, and project managers were unfamiliar with the materials, their perfarmance
instollation and maintenance, where they could be purchased,
Added Costs: Green components have 0 wide variation in costs. Some are less expensive than or equol to
conventionol methods and moterials. Others have higher up-front costs, Sometimes higher initiol costs con be
offset by long-term poybocks. In the 20th Street project, much of the energy efficiency upgrades were offset by
REEl funds. More extensive upgrades could hove been completed if odditionol funds were ovoilable. For
exomple the energy consultonts found that it waS viable to spend opproximotely $4,000 to refurbish the old
solar woter heating system. However, odding new photovoltoic panels wos not deemed to be financially viable.
Costs for green items should decrease over time, however, as green features become more standardized, the
combination of market competition, increased availability, and opporh.mities for discounted bulk bring prices down,
. Cityo/Santa Monica-Housing and Redevelopment Division
Project Munßger: Dßrß Rosiles Ko¡hen, 310-458-22.32, doro-rosiles@sonto-monica.org
· Community Corporation ofSontaMonlca
Proje¡t Manoger: Ni¡ole Smith, 31 D-394·848hI1 5, ni¡ole@¡ommunity¡orp.org
FadliHes Manager: Miguel Ceballos, 310-394-8487 x127, m¡eballos@¡ommunily.org
GLOBAL GREEN USA .
BUR -..BLOa($' ;,';,11
Dé'l!{dope{./ by Global Green USA in pûrtnership with tile City o{Santa Moniü,t Hou.sing DÙJÚÙm,
with jÌmrlinKfrom the Là/~fòrnia IntfgJ'iued \.ITutt' ManaKemcnt ,Roard
, .' .,
, ,
GREENING AFFÖRDABLE HOUSING INITtATIVE
~·"..,w._._,~.·,~
Site 1'lanDing . Alternative Transportation . Bnergy JlJfficiençy . Benewable Bnergy . Resource Conservation' 1I.esident Health
HO:lTC!ftTl!. 2 NORTH SECOND STREET
IUø.LL.U' SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA
wvvw. Firs/Housing, CJrg
Firsl Community Housing, a San Jose, California-based nan-profit housing developer is demonstrating how on
orgoni",ation con better serve the housing needs of low-incame families by making green building a core port of
its overall mission. By designing 011 its buildings to be energy efficient and by specifying non-Ioxic building
materials, First Community Housing en.ure. thot its tenonts benefit from lower utility bill. and heølthier living
environments. Furthermore, First Community Housing encourage. the use of ølternative transportation by
locating all its project. along mo.. tron.it routeS ond providing free monthly tran.it pa..e..
Since 1986, Fir.t Community Housing hos built nearly 800 unit. of affordable housing, putting the long-term
savings generated by energy efficient design ond highly durable materials into new developments and inlo the
maintenance of existing projects. By demon.trating that green building techniques can both lower a developer's
eo.ts over the long-term ønd inc......se overall affordability for tenant., Fir.t Community Housing has gained a
.tellar reputation among the two enlities that typically can make or break an affordøble housing project -
financial in.titution. and local government officløls.
Project
Craig Gardens Senior Apt8 (2002)
Murphy Ranch - Fir.1 Phase (2003)
Betty Ann Gardens (2003)
. Paseo$tudios (2003)
Con,struction Cost
Units
90 (I b"droom5tmitó)
.62 (2, 3,4 bedroomlownhomeó)
76 (I, 2. 3, and 4 bedrcoc>m units)
98 (FurnishedSRO)
$ 1 23/SF
$ 1 34/SF
$14$/SF
$lM/SF
F'2ur olderproperties hove had pho;ovolta,c 50lar 5y5lem,' instolled to coverall common area electrico/needõ. Thè'v-.:imminQ
pool at ;he24ó-I)IIil Los Estera, lomily development was converted to solar heating, a r,¡lmlil/hat had a foul'-year paybçrck
and extended the swimming "'eason' by two monlhs. '
Founded in 1986, First Community Housing's
transformation into 0 green affordoble housing developer
began in 2000 when the FCH Board 01 Directors
determined thot FCH should refocus on being a
development-driven firm whose sole mission was to build
and manage high-quality affordoble housing in the Silicon
Valley area of California. During this tronsformation, stoff
resources were concentrated into areas most closely
oligned with the development process - architectural
design, construction management, dèVelopment finance
and asset management. With this expertise present within
the organization, new Executive Director Jeff Oberdorfer,
on orchitect with experience in both the privote ond public
sectors, set about to develop green performance and
program stondards for all of Firót Community Housing's
developments.
These Minimum Stondards for Finishes, Systems and
Appliances are grouped by construction specification
codes and set minimum green requirements in oreos such
os site work, structural framing, mechanical systems,
interior finishes, applionces ond lighting. Performance
targets are also set, including exceeding the California
TItle 24 Energy Code by 15%, recycling 75% of
IContinuc~d on Next Page]
Betty Ann GaIdens
76 ONE TO FOUR BEDROOM UNITS
SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA
· Rehobilitotion ofod¡ocent 'tronsit stop: Iree mass
transit passes for 011 residents
· Riporian restorotion and protection
· Existing heritage trees inçorporoted into site plan
· Low-flow water fixtures
· Exceeds California Title 24 Energy Code by 25%
· Dauble-glazed windows ond sliding doors
· All gas appliances
· Hydroniçheotingond cooling
· All fluorescent light fixtures
· Noturollinoleum and recycled,contentcorpet floors
· Hordiboord fiber,cement siding
· Reçycled·content interior trim and boseboord
· Engineered structurollumber
· "Eço-Stor" recyCled content roof on Community
Building
· Sustoinobly horvested teok benches, ond lobby
furniture
· Wheot çomposite office furniture
· 99% recycloble office choirs
· Formoldehydê-free counter substrates
· No VOC and formoldehyde·free çobinets with
water·bo,ed vornish
· Formaldehydê-free baff insulation
· Low VOC Paint
(ConlirluE!d frolYI previous poge)
construction waste, and powering 100% common area
lighting with renewable energy. Many of these
requirements coincide with the green incentives in the
Colifornia tax credit criteria that Globol Green USA
helped design. 1500 summari"" 0/ Betty Ann (;orden".
Murphy Ronch. ond Po.seo Sludios {o,- e)wmp/es or how Ihese
5.'Qndards hove been applied in recent FCH projects.!
I
To ensure thot the green practices are implemented, First
Community Housing develops 011 its projects using 0
Design/Build system with 0 pre-selected Generol
Controctor. In this process, the General Contractor ond
all the mojor sulxontroctors, ore involved with FCH ond i
the project architect from schemotic design onward. This
ovoids 0 "Iowbid" system
that could potentiolly
eliminate some green
building features from a
project. FCH has also
established 0 reputation
lor holding fast to its
green building materials
specifications, which
enables it to negotiate
substantiol discounts on
moteriols from product
representatives who know
thot the specified
moteriols will octuolly be
purchosed.
I
I
I
I
I
I
-~ I
' .. " ,.~., ,"..,'...~~""'~"~....,.",,,''''''''''''
""''''''''''~',"'''IJ',~
¡, ,~f,'~",ri.i..·,~:':~,T'::'~:'.:"";;'''''''''''N ,
, I.U.D~~ ,II'C,...._,...'Il:'......""',..,"~_.. I
"~I····I"'n<:øl,..."""wl.~...,.,"~.
"',"'"." "". .,";,~~'"'.:;.::::"::;::::1.,
:;:;;'...."!I.~::""AIpI'I<r,....,"""''''¡.,'¡'_.'.~; "'.~"'~ t
~'"7'i'~r~I~.':':'~.:~ ~·"""""".....,.....f I'>:' 'i:
""""",..,,,""""
, ~~.....,.'"_....",n.",þ"'.............~
...",..,'O\..,~
. ~;,~,~~f..:,~::,:~L~¡:;~·"=,'=~~"'''''¡:!;;;:.. I
..',.....'1
,-.....,...,",...,.,........''''',,-
:"';:;:"'~~'.:::::,_........- "...,...., .,. f
. . " '." ,,~~~~ ~:',: ,~ ,h '",,",,,, ~, , , '" ~:..,.,~' ~" ,r . "';'1'" ", r I~r, I
The (')ve,"('Jd 9(')(11 d F(.H.5 rie.~¡gn
Mondol'ds io5 #,10 ulilize 05 mony
~nAr9Y eff;c::iAnr systF.m.5, SI.i.'i/(JinahlA I
(CO!u¡,c;; one:! f]l"CC¡) bLJilditrf} r¡,¡olc(Íob
005 budget allows. II
FIRST COMMUNITY HOUSING
~lnI,![w lJ.j~n~lD!!I,rM FID[~I\M.J ,i~\!IIDUMJ~ ~RI,IIDj¡('
J:l:J cmÆl?rfAI~~fJIPJUI!ll
~TI..._,.,".",:......'"',~.,.h."H....".."'..'"
I........,......'''''..." ..""""',n"<""''','·,~''",''',"'*r''''',..
',.,.,OO_,.M...,«.,.""'.»·.,"'''....''''>'"''''rMOl,'...,.
.....1opm1lH, 11"11".1." ",,10' ",""'. """1J' '~<"" ''''''"'
~¡...."'I....."'......,.....,I'''~,''''",...'..,...,,-,._, "'~.
~h_"., '_"_,.,....,", ,~.><""' ,.,.""~ w""_I'I"_. ...0
,.........." TI.,""'_"..,,,....,,..,".""....~....""'..._,L,'
..........,......."'.
Even with these disèounts,
however, some of the
green materials and
systems used in First Community's projects hove higher
first costs compared to standard construction practice.
From a lifEXyde perspective, though, these options add
long.term value to the projects, Because First Community
is required to own its properties lor 40 years or more,
items with a long-term poyback are justified. Another
budgeting strategy is to use contingency funds that
remain as 0 project nears completion lor an established
"wish list" 01 green upgrodes on finish moteriols.
First Community Housing's reputation as on oward-
winning developer ond green builder has helped negate I
the myth thot offordoble housing will creote 0 negotive
impod on its "host" neighborhood and gives it a
competitive edge when negotiating with local
governments over potential future projects. As lenders
start to evoluote the durability ond long-term sovings
provided by green building materials such as linoleum,
farmoldehydê-free cabinets and photovoltaic panels,
FCH will be well placed to take odvantage of lower
interest costs ond lower replacement reserve requirements.
F AQ: HOW' TO BEOOJJ1]!' A GiU'mN I:UTOB.1MBIJ1 !1IOmmm DEVELOPED.
Q: What is the fint step towards becoming a green affordable housing developer?
A: Creøte ørgønizøtionøl green design standards. Many green slro/egies and 'pedFi<atians can be common 10 different type'
of development" Standardi"atian works parncularly well with interior and exterior fini,he., roofing and insulation material" flooring,
appliances, and Ivrni.hings. Standardi"ing building material, al,o allows lor the negonation of volume discount, from ,upplier,.
Q: But every project is diHerent. Are green design stClndards flexible enough?
A: Standardizing frees up time to focus on the ;nd;v;duøl chøllenges of each project. By standardizing certain
elements, design costs can be concentrated on evaluating op~ions for item.s that vory by project, including site preparafion, building
orientotion, ma,hanical systems, and the type and scope of renewable energy systems.
Q: I am working on a limited budget and people always say that green building costs more.
How can I get the right advice on cost-effective designs and materials?
A: Work with architects and contractors experienced in green building. Green building experti,e i, unaven across the
design and bu;lding industry Qnd for 50me professionals new fo green techniques and strategies, the learning curve con be steep.
By working with individuals and firms with prior green building experience - or at a minimum with those Firms eager to do
research and learn ~ developers can share the burden of paying attention to ffJe righ~ details while avoiding unnecessary ond
po~ent;ally cos.tIy experimentation.
Q: I've got same basic green design standards. How can I ensure that they are being met?
A: Do construction management in-house. In-house con,/ruc/ion management allows the developer to bath ,et ,he green
standards and ensure that they are implemented. A developer who has .strong construction managemen~ experfise in-house is at 0
distinct advan~age when trying to green its proiects. Wifhout active design document and construction oversight¡ many building
professional" porli<ularly,ubcon/ractors, revert,o 'rodinonal (and was/elvl) /echnique, and 'peÔficanon,.
Q: What con I do to realize the full benefits of being a green affordable housing developer?
A: Track and measure performønce. Green building brings a number of-benefits to developers and residents, including lower
operating and maintenance co.st$, improved resident health, and less environmental impact on the .surrounding community. But, as
af yet, these benefit, are difficult to Ivlly cap'ure in term, of lower financing co," or increa,ed political ,upport lor affordable
housÎng. Measuring performance and demoÍl$trot¡'~g CJctual improvemen~s or savings. in a clear and concise manner will help build
credibility among Financiers and government officiol'!; and ellsure suppor~ for future green proejcts.
lVIUlphy Banch 62 FA!v\ILY TOWN HOMES, MORGAN HILL, CALIFORNIA
r
"
· Free masstran,it pa~'", for all re'id"nt,
· low-flow water fixtures
· Exceeds California Title 24 Energy Code by 27%
· Solar electricity generation for 011 common areas
· Solar-heated swimming pool
· Hydronic heating and cooling
'. Blown-in cellulose insulation
· Doubl...glazedwindow, ond ,¡¡ding doors
· All gal appliances'
· All lI~ore'~entlight fixturE's
· Recycled-content carpet lIoors
.' Hardiboord fiber-cement siding
· Recycled-contentinterior trim and ba~eboord
· Engineéred structural lumber
· Sustainably harvested teak pool and 'recreation
area furniture
· Wheat composite office furniture
· 99% recyclable office choirs
· Formaldehyde·free batt ¡n,sulotion
· low-VOC Paint
..
,
Paseo Studios
Via ils Minimum Sfondords far Finishes, Systems and Appliances, '
First Communily Housing now has a ba... set of 9"",n criteria' that i.
incorporared info,the plannin9 and t/e5ignaf each,,( its pro;e<Is. But this
document is. constantly evolving. Looking forward, FCH hopes'" adc/re..
a number of ather ..nvi/'CInmenfol challenges.
98 SRO UNITS
SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA
a Carpet Recycling: In offordoble housing developments,
corpe~ng is typically changed evary 5 to 7 years. This
frequent rate of replacement generates tons of Iondfill waste
annuolly. FCH uses carpet tiles thot have 0 high level of
recycled content. While the carpet monufacturer guorantees
that used carpet will not end up in landAII - by recycling,
upcycling, or downcycling - the cost of shipping the used
carpet is 0 potential barrier.
· Adjacent to transit and shopping: free mass 'I
tran$it passes for 011 residents
· Low-flow water fixtures
· Double-glozed windows and sliding doors I
· "Cooi Roof' (while (inish topping on built up rooff
· All fluorescent light fixtures
· Natural linoleum and recycled content carpet
· Recycled-content interior trim and baseboard
· Engineered structural lumber I
.' Recycled-content metal siding 'and balcony slots
· Sustoinably harvested maple beds
· SU$toinobly harvested teak courtyard furniture
· Wheat composite office furniture
· 99% recydobleoffice chairs
· NoVOCondformoldehyde-free cabinets with
water-based varni,h
· Formaldehyde-fre.. counter substrates
· Formaldehyde-free batt insulation
· Low VOC Point
i:J Renewable Energy: First Community Housing has SO far
used solar generated electricity to power site lighting and
common areas and solar hot water 10 heat swimming p<XJls
and p<XJ1 shower Facili~es. The devaloper wauld like to
expond the use of solor electricity 10 meet ot least port of the
demand load of the units. FCH is considering using spaces
like carports os generating Facilities, with the long-term goal of
selling electricity back 10 the locol u~lity,
a Sustainable Sites: MDst offordoble housing developments ore
dense urban inAlI projects. Constroined site conditions make
certain susloinable strategies such as slormwaler management,
permeable paving and natural greywoler treatment
chollenging to implement. FCH sees this as 0 mojor area for
innova~on, perhaps by linking sevarol proiects in dose
proximity or combining future prajects with Iorger community
Iond preserva~on and smort growth strategies.
i:J Indoor Air Quality: Ensuring high quolity air circulation and
the proper number of air changes without oversizing the
mechanicol system or installing noisy components is 0 mojor
chollenge. This is porticulorly the cose in kitchens and
bathrooms, where moisture and other contaminents ore
present in high concentra~ons. FCH has been able to
overcome these challenges on a project-by-projed basis but
would like to find ways to standardize this building element.
. "r ~1 ~'" . n I< I" I ~ " ~
C-N..-"" :, ,,', I,', ,,)\"',
.., ~,._"i,.!" ,I (III Ii' . "I
> ,I, I'" ,,)1 ¡'lilt III) III I""I. .~II)Þ I'>"J~~
· First (olJllllunlty Housing, Developer
Executive Director: Jeff Oberdorfer, AlA, 408;291-8650, )effO@Fir.tHou.ing.org
. Global Green USA, Green Building Technical A.oí.lance
Program Director: Walker Well., 310-394"7700, wwells@g/oba/grean.org
Ph!j)[zred ky Global Grr.r.n USA, with fundirtgfrum tlit. D41)id and I,ucilk Pil.ckärd ¡",ou.tldatÙm.
December 2003 www,g/obo/green.org @ Printed on Recycled Papar
GLOBAL GREEN USA .',', "".
BUIlDING BLOCKS I'll'",
'",:,:,1
_________________~,_____________h'_____________··_____---..~----
(j
GREEN BUILDING
A/am(¡dl)(DlJf1IyWasf¡¡MartD¡Jøm~nIAiirhorlry
Alameda [ounry Source Redl)çfj~n I)fId RBrydirlg &ard
MATERIALS DATABASE
ACWMA maintains an online database of building materi.ls that correspond with
our Multifamily Green Building Guidelines. YO'J can access it at
www.multifam;lygreen.org
The Materíal5 Database is searchable by product categories, product names,
and rneasure numbers. It iSoon5tõntly being revised b05ed or' iocal availabiiity
of products and the development of new materiõl5. A PDF file of multifamily
green building products organized by me",ure number is also .v"ilable at
www.multifam i Iygreen.org,
llsting in the Materials Database should not b. construed asa recommendation
or endorsement by the Aiameda County Waste Management AuUlority or the
Alameda COllnty Source Reduction and Recycling Board. which is prOViding
,the information.. . public service to promote the use of sustainable building
mí:lteria!s and reduce the amount Òf materials landfilled.
OTHER ACWMA RESOURCES
The following documents referenced in these guidelines are also available at
www.mllltif.m i Iygreen .org,
Construction & Demolition I Green Building
, Construction ,md demoiition (C&D) waste management model ordinance
~ List of çiti~5 that have C&D ordinances
. Section 01505, C&D Waste Management
Bvilders' Guide to Reuse and Recyç/I'rlg
, Fact Sheet on Financial Incentives for Photovoltaics in Multifamily Housing
Landscaping
". "Bay-Friendly Landscaping Guidelines
Waste Management &. Recycling
" Alameda County Recycling Guide
Information on recyclìng and compo5ting
Recycled Products
" Information about buying recycled products
, Fact Sheet with Poi"te,s on Using Recycled"Content Plastic Lumber
" Fact Sheet or! Recycled Content Park and Recreation Products in Alomeda County
Guide to Recyç/ed Content Janitorlai Paper Products in Alameda COIlnfy
::::0
ITl
(j)
o
C
::::0
(")
ITl
(j)
- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -
---------,.~-----
RESOURCES
A.CWMA MUL'tIFAMILV GREEN BUILDING GUIDE;:UNES Apr"11 ?-OO-1
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - -. - - -
~I IIIFAMllr
GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
User Evaluati()n Form
I A i~I\'~ ~ \\.1' i;Jb'j "1T
~ I ( i'i"" \ 1-·.\ \ ¡
", ""'If I' 1f¡r¡~~.'
_ --_ II j I I~ JL
Please take a few moments to help us improve eur materials,
Multifamily Green Building Guidelines...
". is well organized.
". is easy to understand.
". provides practical recommendations,
. has helped me to implement green building strategies.
." is usefui enough to recommend to others.
What is your profession?
o Project MfJnap;f!t
D City Staff
o To educate myself,
D To educate clienlS.
n Policy dev¡;!iopmcnt.
HoW will you use this guide?
(check (~II hO)(~s that apply)
If you would like to be included on a
mailing list for information about
Green Building workshops and other
events, please provide your complete
mailing address and/or email address;
Other feedback or correc::tîons: (continue ~Jr\ b':Jc:k)
Please mail this form back to us at,
ACWMA, Multifamily Green Building GUidelines
777 Davis Street, Ste. 100, San Leandro, CA 94577
or fax it to 510-614-1698
L._
..-..--.-..
/' /'/,'
, , ,
, , ,
,'/' 1/ ¡f'" ,./
,/. I/,_~~./I
i$/tf'/
i- ¡
, , ,
, , ,
" ~ / /
, ... " ,
I g. I
./ 'f',' / ~
,'1,'1,''''''
./ ,1 / .;!'::;, I
I I I ,
.(.'" (. (. ,~-
, , ,
, , I
I f.. . L.
, , I
, ,
, ,
f"'·-·"'·
, ,
, ,
1 ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
··-T"'· I
I ,
I I,
I ... _..",J
,
,
"-""I'·"·
,
,
I..",.....",...
,
,
,
,
1
,
,
D Architect
o EI~Ç.tf!d Official
D Contractor
D 011'0'
o To f!cJucatc others in my t:Qr'l\p'Jny.
D To educate colleÐglJf!s.
o Lar1t1 u5e planning.
To order additional copies of the Muitifanlily Green Building Guidelines,
or for a free online version, please visit www.multifamilygreen.org
AcWMA MULTIFAMILY GREEN BUILDING GUIDe:LlNE:S. A>~ri, 2004
,
,
.J
,
,
,
,
,
,
1
,
,
,
-- ,
,
,
,
¡:;VALUATION FORM
III
<
»
I
C
»
-1
o
Z
..,
o
:::0
$':