HomeMy WebLinkAbout86-046 Fire Safe Roofing Materials Ordinance Amendment
CITY OF DUBLIN
p:I.ANNIN; CXMITSSION
AGENDA STATEMENT/STAFF REPORT
Meeting Date: July 21, 1986
SUBJECT:
Planning Commission
Planning Staff ~ 1:f
PA 86-046 Fire Safe Roofing Materials Ordinance
Amendment
TO:
FROM:
GENERAL INFORMATION
PROJECT:
A proposed Fire Safe Roofing Materials Ordinance
providing for Class C or better roof covering for
all new apartments, hotels, dwellings and accessory
buildings and for Class B or better roof covering in
the area designated, on an official City map, as a
Fire Safe Roof Area. The proposed Ordinance would
also specifically require that building permits be
secured for re-roofing, and that there be at least
two additional roof inspections for the building
permit process.
PROPERTY AND ZONING:
The proposed ordinance would cover the entire City.
The proposed Fire Safe Roof Areas would be generally
on the west side of the City in the areas adjacent
to the hills and on the east side of the City
between the Dougherty Hills and Dougherty Road.
APPLICANT:
City of Dublin
NOTIFICATION:
Public Notice of the July 21, 1986, hearing was
published in THE HERALD, and posted in public
buildings.
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW:
A Negative Declaration has been prepared for this
project pursuant to the provisions of CEQA. The
project will not have a significant effect on the
environment.
BACKGROUND :
On April 28, 1986, the City Council initiated consideration of a Zoning
Ordinance Amendment regarding use of fire safe roofing materials. The City
Council referred the matter to the Planning Commission for review and
reccmnendation.
Consideration of the Fire Safe Roofing Materials Ordinance was prompted
by the March 6, 1986, letter from Paul Ryan, General Manager of Dublin San
Ramon Services District. Within that letter (see Attachment Hl), Mr. Ryan
advised the City that the District Board of Directors had reviewed a draft
Fire Safe Roofing Materials Ordinance at its March 4, 1986 meeting and had
directed that it be referred to the City Council with a request for adoption
at the earliest possible time.
ANALYSIS:
BACKGROUND
The attached Draft Fire Safe Roofing Ordinance was prepared by the San
Ramon Valley Fire Protection District (with assistance from a consulting
Fire Protection Engineer). The Draft Ordinance has been modified by the
Dublin San Ramon Services District (D.S.R.S.D.) to reflect the
appropriate references to the City of Dublin. The Draft Ordinance and
the accompanying map of the proposed Fire Safe Roofing Areas were
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ITEM NO. ~
COPIES TO: DSRSD
V. Taugher
PA File 86-046
reviewed by the D.S.R.S.D. Board of Directors at their meeting of March
4, 1986. The Board directed that the District General Manager, Paul
Ryan, to refer the Draft Ordinance to the City Council of the City of
Dublin with a request that the Ordinance be adopted at the earliest
possible time.
At the April 28, 1986, City Council meeting, the item, appearing on the
Council's Consent Calendar, was referred to the Planning Commission for
review and reccmnendation.
Features of the Draft Ordinance
The essential feature of the Draft Ordinance is the establishment of a
basic Class "c" fire retardancy rating as a minimum, Citywide standard.
The Draft Ordinance would also establish increased requirements for
higher risk areas as indicated on the map of the proposed Fire Safe
Roofing Areas. If the Ordinance is adopted, copies of the official map
will be maintained by the City and the D.S.R.S.D. to facilitate the
administration of the Ordinance.
The report from the San Ramon Valley Fire Protection District dated
February 13, 1986, (see Attachment 1), provides additional summary
information regarding the three basic ratings from the Uniform Building
Code for tested roof coverings (A, B and C). The report also describes
where and when the various type of roofs would be required to be
utilized if the Draft Ordinance was adopted.
Costs vs. Benefits of the Draft Ordinance
The subject matter of this Draft Ordinance has proven to be fairly
controversial when considered by neighboring communities. Its overall
effect would be to cause some increase in new home construction and re-
roofing costs to some homeowners. The extent of these increased costs
is subject to debate. The Ordinance may also influence the
architectural design of new structures by limiting the extent of wood
shake roofing used.
The benefits of the more stringent roofing requirements of the Ordinance
include a higher level of fire safety to the community. Available
statistics indicate that the property damage that may be avoided by the
application of the roofing requirements may be worthwhile but there are
also statistics indicating that roof fires are not a significant
regional problem.
Input secured from representatives of the building industry and roofing
manufacturers, as well as fire service personnel, has lead Staff to a
conclusion that the various statistics available suggest a moderate and
manageable increased cost to new home builders. The cost to the average
homeowner under the re-roofing provisions of the Ordinance, however,
will vary greatly depending upon the circumstances.
A detailed summary of the principle arguments for and against a Fire
Safe Roofing Materials Ordinance are outlined in the report from the San
Ramon Valley Fire Protection District dated February 13, 1986 (see
Attachment 1).
Further discussion on the merits of such an Ordinance are outlined in
the undated report from the Contra Costa County Fire Protection District
entitled, "The Need to Restrict the Use of Wood Shakes and Shingles"
(see Attachment 2).
Further elaboration on the principle arguments against the Ordinance are
contained within the report prepared by the Red Cedar Shingle and
Handsplit Shake Bureau entitled, "The Facts About Wood Roofing Safety:
A Matter of Perspective" (see Attachment 6).
Related Issues - Action by Neighboring Communities
In the process of considering adoption of similiar Ordinances,
neighboring communities received testimony dealing with the full range
of the issues outlined above or within the referenced support materials
-2-
of this report. Major discussion regarding the proposed adoption of
similiar Ordinances seems to center on the aesthetic implications of
increasing the fire rating of roof materials, the practical aspects of
enforcement of such an Ordinance and the justification of requiring
Class "c" roofing materials in the flat land areas.
In the most recent action, the Town Council of the Town of Danville
decided that application of a Class "C" minimum to flatter and more
accessible areas of the community was unreasonable in view of local fire
response times, costs to builders and homeowners and the problems
associated with enforcement. The aesthetic implications were also
discussed. Along that line of discussion, testimony was expressed that
the requirement for Class "c" or better roofing material might tend to
limit the range of design choices available to builders.
In response to the above concerns, the Town Council of the Town of
Danville choose to adopt an Ordinance that differed from the one
forwarded by the San Ramon Valley Fire Protection District in the
following respects:
Class "C" roofing material would be required as a rrunlITlUffi in
designated hazard areas; the environmental review process might
increase this minimum standard to Class "A" or "B" (and
conceivably require even greater fire protection measures - i.e.
sprinklers in certain cases).
The approach to regulation of the use of roofing materials was tied to
General Plan Safety Element Standards recognizing the following
criteria:
a. distance from fire stations
b. fuel loading (the nature and density of nearby vegetation)
c. slope and grade features
d. wind and temperature conditions (microclimate)
e. nature and density of proposed and nearby development
f. water availability
g. any identifiable special risk factors
Comments from the City Building Official
vic Taugher, the City Building Official, has indicated that he has
reservations regarding the proposal to require Class "c" or better roofing for
re-roofing projects in the flatland areas of the City. He indicates that a
quick drive-through survey of these areas indicates that 50% - 60% already
have fire safe roofing materials. His reservations are tied to concerns
whether adequate docurrentation exists of fire hazards to flatland areas, to
justify the imposition of this requirement.
Additionally, he indicates concern that costs to modify an existing structure
to accomodate a fire safe roofing material may, in practice, be more expensive
than indicated by the studies proposed by the Fire Safe Roofing Committee.
Actual up front costs would have to account for engineering design costs to
assure the roof could accomodate the weight of the new materials and may need
to include structural modifications to the existing roof intrastructure.
Mr. Taugher also voiced concern that replacing a roof with wood shakes or
shingles with one of asphalt tile, or equivalent materials, may have a visual
significant inpact to a neighborhood if the surrounding homes utilize wood
shake or shingles.
Mr. Taugher indicated support of an Ordinance that would require use of Fire
Safe Roofing Materials in identified Fire Safe Roof Area, for new residential
devlopments located anywhere in the City and for reroofing projects where fire
save roofing materials are already in place.
Conclusion and Reccmnendation
The Draft Ordinance should be discussed fully because of its long term
implications and probable additional costs to builders and homeowners.
Staff recommends that this initial Commission meeting be used as an
information gathering hearing. If determined appropriate, Staff can
-3-
..
attempt to ensure that representatives from both sides of the subject be
available to present additional information at the Commission meeting of
August 4, 1986, or later date.
RECOMMENDATION
FORMAT:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Hear Staff presentation.
Open public hearing.
Hear public presentations.
Provide Staff comments and direction regarding the Fire Safe
Roofing Materials Ordinance Amendment and provide direction
for additional Staff review and/or revision to the Draft
Ordinance and Draft Resolutions.
Continue the public hearing to the Corrmission meeting of
August 4, 1986, or later date as appropriate.
5)
ATI'ACHMENTS
Exhibit A - Draft of Fire Safe Roofing Materials Ordinance
Exhibit B - Draft Resolution of recommending approval of Negative
Declaration of Environmental Significance for PA 86-046
Exhibit C - Draft Resolution recommending approval of PA 86-046
Fire Safe Roofing Materials Ordinance
BACKGROUND ATI'ACHMENTS -
1. San Ramon Valley Fire Protection District Staff Reports
dated February 13, 1986, and March 12, 1986, both entitled
"Fire Safe Roof Ordinance".
2. "The Need to Restrict the Use of Wood Shakes and Shingles",
an undated report prepared by the Contra Costa County Fire
Protection District in support of a Fire Safe Roofing
Materials Ordinance considered by the City of Concord.
3. 1982 Unifonn Building Code Standards, pages 993-1001: "Test
Standard for determing the Fire Retardancy of Roof Covering
Materials."
4. "Statement of Purpose", prepared by the Committee for Fire
Safe Roofing.
5. "Cost and Investment Analysis for Re-roofing pitched Roofs",
dated July, 1985, prepared by the Committee for Fire Safe
Roofing.
6. "The Facts About Wood Roofing Safety: A Matter of
Perspective", an undated article prepared by the Red Cedar
Shingle and Handsplit Shake Bureau.
7. Fire Resistant Roofing Requirements for Residential
Structures-47 Northern California Jurisdiction, prepared by
The Corrmittee for Firesafe Roofing, and dated January, 1986.
8. List of communities that have adopted fire retardant roofing
ordinances.
9. Selected newspaper articles pertaining to roofing fire
hazards.
10. Letter dated March 4, 1986, from D.S.R.S.D. General Manager,
Paul Ryan, referring Draft Ordinance to City Council.
11. Draft Negative Declaration of Environmental Significance for
PA 86-046.
-4-
ORDINANCE NO.
AN ORDIN.Z\JCE OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN IN THE MATI'ER OF ADOPTION OF A FIRE SAFE
RCQFIN:; MATERIALS ORDIN.Z\JCE 'llIROtXiH KDIFlCATION OF THE UNIFORM BUIIDIN:; C<DE
AS ADOPI'ED BY THE DUBLIN CITY COlJOCIL BY RE:FEREOCE
The City Council of the City of Dublin does ordain as follows:
Section 1. Findings.
Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 17958.5 and 17958.7 the City
Council of the City of Dublin hereby expressly finds that the non-
administrative changes set forth below are reasonably necessary because
of certain climatic, geologic and topographic conditions within the City
creating the potential for extremely uncontrollable and contagious fire
situations which can result in danger to life and property in the
canmuni ty . These specific conditions are as follows:
1. The climatic conditions within specified areas of the City of Dublin are
such that:
- Extensive fire damage may occur due to the ready ignition, intense
burning and rapid spread of fire involving untreated wood shakes and
shingles caused by dryness, high climatic temperatures and/or winds.
- Extensive fire damage may occur due to the limited effectiveness and
capabilities of the fire district to control exterior fires due to early
exhaustion of firefighters subject to high climatic temperatures.
- Extensive fire damage may occur due to the susceptibility of untreated
wood shake or shingle roofing and building exteriors to ignition fran
other fires involving either nearby dry vegetation or other buildings,
thereby resulting in multiple fires due to dryness, high temperatures
and/or winds.
- Extensive fire damage may occur due to the reduced effectiveness of
hose streams due to disintegration and misdirection caused by winds.
- Extensive fire damage may occur caused by the ready ignition of
untreated wood shake or shingle roofs exposed to arcing and sparking of
overhead electrical transmission lines caused by winds.
2. The geologic conditions within specified areas of the City of Dublin are
such that:
- Extensive fire damage may occur due to limited effectiveness and
capabilities of the fire district due to reduced and delayed response of
fire companies on arterial routes obstructed by collapsed overpasses and
bridges and/or landslides caused by earthquakes and/or unstable soils.
- Extensive fire damage may occur due to limited and/or delayed response
of the fire district due to dispersion to multiple fires caused by
escaping natural gas or electrical transmission equipment damaged by
earthquake.
3. The topographic and related conditions within specified areas of the
City of Dublin are such that:
- Extensive fire damage may occur due to multiple fires involving
untreated wood shake or shingle roofing and building exteriors ignited
because of exposure to fires involving other buildings or dry vegetation
within close proximity but not readily accessible because of terrain.
- Extensive fire damage may occur due to the inability of the fire
district to gain sufficient access to fires involving untreated wood
shake or shingle roofing and building exteriors due to terrain, slopes,
landscaping, fences, electrical transmission lines and other buildings.
Section 2. M::xlification of Uniform Building Code.
Under the authority of Section 50020 et. seq. of the Government Code, the City
of Dublin adopted Ordinance No. on , 1986, which incorporated by
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1. Subsection (b) of Section 3202, Chapter 32 of the Unifonn Building Code,
1982 Edition, is hereby modified by adding a second paragraph to read:
"All new roofs for structures with an occupancy classification of R or M
shall include roof coverings with a fire rating of Class C or better
which carply with DOC Standard 32-7, or shall be made of material
consisting solely of concrete, metal, slate, or clay tiles, except for
areas designated for a minimum of Class B fire rating on the map of Fire
Safe Roof Areas as adopted and anended from tine to tine by the City of
Dublin and Dublin San Raroon Services District Fire Department.
2. Section 3210, Chapter 32 of the Appendix of the Unifonn, Building Code,
1982 Edition, is hereby modified by adding second, third and fourth paragraphs
to read:
"A building pennit shall be required for any roof covering alteration,
replacement or repair for any structure with an occupancy classification
of R or M. Any such roof covering alteration, replacenent or repair not
made within a 12 rronth period fran any similar alteration, replacenent
or repair which does not exceed 25 percent of the projected area of the
existing roof, may use materials similar to those of the existing roof
covering. "
"Any roof covering alteration, replacenent, or repair not made within a
12 rronth period fran any similar alteration, replacenent, or repair
which exceeds 25 percent, but not 50 percent of the projected area of
the existing roof, shall utilize fire safe roof covering as specified
above for new buildings."
"Any roof covering alteration, replacement or repair which exceeds 50
percent of the projected area of the existing roof, or of a lesser
percentage of area done within a 12 IIOJlth period after crnpletion of a
similar alteration, replacenent, or repair shall require that the entire
existing roof be replaced with fire safe roof covering as specified in
Section 3202 (b), as IOOdified."
3. Requirements for skylights and penthouses shall be as contained in
Chapters 34 and 36, respectively, of this Code.
Section 3. Map of Fire Safe Roof Areas.
A map of Fire Safe Roof Areas, as prepared by the Dublin San Ramon Services
District Fire Department and the City of Dublin, is attached hereby as Exhibit
"A" and incorporated herein by this reference. Said map may be amended fran
time to time by action of the Services District and the City, based upon
recommendation of the Fire Chief of the District and the Chief of Planning of
the City.
Section 4. Referral to State of California.
Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 17958.7, the City Clerk is directed
to send a copy of this Ordinance to the State Department of Housing and
Community Development before the date the Ordinance becomes effective.
Section 5. Severability.
If any section, subsection, subdivision, paragraph, sentence, clause or phrase
of this Ordinance, or any part thereof, is for any reason held to be
unconstitutional, the validity of the remaining portions of this Ordinance
shall not be affected thereby.
Section 6. Continuing Effect.
The provisions of this Ordinance shall remain in effect even if subsequent
editions of the Unifonn Building Code are adopted to the extent that the
provisions and/or modifications of such future editions are not incompatible
with this Ordinance.
-2-
Section 7. Effective Date and Posting of Ordinance.
This Ordinance shall take effect and be in force thirty (30) days from and
after the date of its passage. The City Clerk of the City of Dublin shall
cause this Ordinance to be posted in at least three (3) public places in the
City of Dublin in accordance with Section 36933 of the Government Code of the
State of California.
PASSED AND ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Dublin on this
day of , 1986, by the following votes:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT :
Mayor
ATI'EST:
City Clerk
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RESOLUTION NO.
A RESOLUTION OF THE PLANNING COMMISSION
OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN
ADOPT:m:; A NEXiATIVE D&::LARATION FOR PA 86-046
FIRE SAFE ROOF:m:; MATERIALS ORD~
WHEREAS, on April 28, 1986, the City Council directed the Planning
Commission to consider adoption of a Fire Safe Roofing Materials Ordinance
through modification of the Uniform Building Code as adopted by the City by
reference; and
WHEREAS, the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), together
with the State Guidelines and City environmental regulation, require that
certain projects be reviewed for environmental impact and that environmental
documents be prepared; and
WHEREAS, an Initial Study was conducted finding that the Ordinance
Amendment, as proposed, would not have a significant effect on the environment;
and
WHEREAS, a Negative Declaration of Environmental Significance has
been prepared for this application; and
WHEREAS, public notice of the Negative Declaration of
Environmental Significance was given in all respects as required by State Law;
and
WHEREAS, the Planning Commission did review and consider the
Negative Declaration at their public hearings on July 21, 1986 and August 4,
1986; and
NCM, 'lHEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED THAT THE Dublin Planning Commission
finds as follows:
1. That the project PA 86-046 Fire Safe Roofing Materials Ordinance
Amendment will not have a significant effect on the environment.
2. That the Negative Declaration of Environmental Significance has
been prepared and processed in accordance with State and local Environmental
Laws and Guideline Regulations.
3. That the Negative Declaration of Environmental Significance is
complete and adequate.
BE IT FUR'IHER RESOLVED that the Dublin Planning Commission hereby
adopts the Negative Declaration of Environmental Significance for PA 86-046
Fire Safe Roofing Materials Ordinance Amendment
PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 4th day of August, 1986.
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT :
Planning Commission Chairman
A'ITEST:
Planning Director
DP 83-20
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RESOLUTION NO.
A RESOLUTION OF THE PLANNING COMMISSION
OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN
REnMmNDI~ ADOPTION OF PA 86-046
FIRE SAFE ROOFnx; MATERIALS ORDINAK:E
WHEREAS, on April 28, 1986, the City Council directed the Planning
Commission to consider adoption of a Fire Safe Roofing Materials Ordinance
through modification of the Unifom Building Code as adopted by the City by
reference; and
WHEREAS, a draft Ordinance amending the City's Ordinance regarding
Fire Safe Roofing Materials has been prepared; and
WHEREAS, the Planning Commission held public hearings on said
Draft Ordinance on July 21, 1986, and August 4, 1986; and
WHEREAS, notice of said public hearing was provided in all
respects as required by law; and
WHEREAS, said Draft Ordinance has been reviewed in accordance with
the provlslons of the California Environmental Quality Act and a Negative
Declaration of Environmental Significance has been adopted (Planning Commission
Resolution No. 86- ) for this project as it will not have significant effect
on the environment; and
WHEREAS, a Staff Report was submitted regarding said Draft
Ordinance; and
WHEREAS, the Planning Commission did hear and consider all said
reports, reccmnendations, and testimony as hereinabove set forth;
~, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED THAT THE Dublin Planning Commission
does hereby find that the Draft Ordinance will meet the following purposes:
1. Provide regulations pertaining to the type of roofing materials used in
various parts of the City which will serve to mitigate certain climatic;
geologic and topographic conditions within the City which create the potential
for extremely uncontrollable and contagious fire situations which can result in
danger to life and property in the corrmunity.
2. Provides regulations consistent with the Implementing policies outlined
wi thin the Environmental Resources Management Section: Seismic Safety and
Safety Elements of the City General Plan by enacting, in part, a High Hazard
Ordinance specifying use of fire safe roofing materials.
BE IT FUR'lHER RF.SOLVED that the Planning Commission does hereby
find that the Draft Ordinance is consistent with the City's General Plan, and
does hereby reccmnend that the City Council adopt Ordinance Amendment (PA 86-
046) regarding Fire Safe Roofing Materials.
PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 4th day of August, 1986.
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT :
Planning Commission Chairman
A'ITEST:
Planning Director
DP 83-20
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.' SAN RAMON VALLEY FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT
100 SAN IWION VALLIY IOULIVAID
DMVlLLI. CALIFORNIA 14521
ADMINISTRATION
......: 117-G12
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STAFF REPORT
To: The Board of Directors of the San Ramon Valley Fire Protection District
From: Michael Blodgett, Chief
Jack Essex, Acting Fire Marshal
Glenn D.. Peterson, P.E., Fire Protection Engineer
Subject: Fire Safe Roof Ordinance
Date: February 13, 1986
Recommendation
It is recommended that the Board adopt the attached map of Fire Safe Roof Areas. This
map is intended to be used with the attached Roof Ordinance being proposed by the City
of Danville and another similar ordinance which is being developed by the City of San
Ramon.
Purpose
To increase the overall level of fire safety in the San Ramon Valley Fire Protection District,
thereby decreasing loss of life and property.
Summary
Combustible roof coverings are a primary cause' of fire spread from building to building.
The proposed map requires that only fire safe roof coverings be installed in the future.
There are three basic ratings for tested roof coverings (A, B and C). An "A" roof provides
the greatest resistance to burning brands while a "C" roof provides the least resistance.
Other materials which are not tested (because they have been proven to be safe without
tests) are also permitted; these coverings include concrete, metal, slate or clay tiles,
or any combination thereof.
The proposed map requires that a Class "A" or "B" roof (or other safe materials) be used
in brushy or hilly (steep) areas and that a Class "C" roof (or other safe materials) be used
on the level or gently sloping areas which are presently developed. The above requirements
would apply to both new construction and major retrofits (minor repairs are excluded);
however, the map boundaries have been established so that almost all existing major devel-
opments require only a "C" rating.
The requirements included in the map (and ordinance) have been reviewed with the City
of Danville and the City of San Ramon, and there is substantial concurrence between
all parties involved.
A IT ACHMENT .L
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100 IAN RAMON VALLIY IOULlYARD
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STAFF REPORT
Tos
The Danville City Council
FroWls
Kichael Blodgett, Chief
Jack E..ex, Acting Fire Kar.hal
Glenn Peter.on, P.E., Fire Protection Engineer
Subject:
Fire Safe Roof Ordinance
Dates
Karch 12, 1986
BACKGROUND
On Karch 4, 1986 the Danville Planning Co..i..ion heard various
pre.entations fro. the San Ra.on Valley Fire Protection District and
other. on a proposed roof ordinance. Following public discu.sion of
the various possible fire prevention measures available, the
Co..ission requested .taff to consider changes to the proposed
ordinance.
The planning department .taff has developed an alternative ordinance
in accordance with the Planning Co..is.ions' directions. However, the
Fire District .trongly feels that the original ordinance .hould be
adopted and has provided additional information to .upport the
propo.ed ordinance.
PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
The City of Danville has adopted the Uniform Building Code (UBC) by
reference to it. adopotion by Contra Costa County. Since the UBC doe.
not prohibit the u.e of .Ordinary. roofing materials (no fire
re.i.tance rating) for residential structures (.ingle family
dwellings, duplexes, residential garages, and carports), Danville
would have to adopt its own ordinance.
The wood roofing industry opposes the adoption of any ordinance that
would either prohibit u.e of their product or place it at a cost
di.advantage relative to other roofing .aterials. Other groups oppose
the ordinance because of concerns related to aesthetics.
Principal arguments for and against the ordinance are as follows:
1
COST and APPEARANCE
Arau~en~s aaainst Ordinance
Tha~ requiring
additional cost
o~her ~han vood
a Class C or better fire rating vould constitu~e an
per ho~e of from .1,500 ~o .2,000 and ~hat .aterials
shakes are unacceptable from an aesthetic standpoint.
Araumen~s for Ordinance
A~ ~he present ~i~e, a vide range of roofing .aterials are
~hat .eet ~he proposed fire retardant requirements. These
include factory pressure ~rea~ed cedar shakes and shingles,
.hake shingles, asphalt shingles, fiberglass shingles, .etal
~ile and concrete shingles, and .any .ore.
available
.ateriala
si.ulated
shingles,
A~~ached is a cost compariaon ~able of various types of roof.. I~ is
an~icipated that the ordinance vill not have a cost impact on ~he vast
.ajori~y of building ovners and developers in Danville. Fortuna~ely,
.ome of ~he approved Class C ~aterials such as rated fiberglass
ahingles are ~he least expensive of any roofing ~aterial. "anv other
hiahlv fire retardant products are also inexpensive and a~tractive and
have a .uch lover life cvcle cost than both ~reated and untreated wood
ahinales.
The only roof that vill cost substantially more, as a result of the
proposed requirements, is wood shake or shingle. "ost people will opt
for a less expensive <and _ore fire resistant) simulated shake or
ahingle, lightveight concrete tile, or other approved roofing
.aterials. It is further anticipated that technical advances will
develop products and .ethods to increase the number of available
options, including perhaps reduced cost. The proposed roof ordinance
ia designed to accommodate these future changes while providing for a
gQod level of safety from conflagration.
POINT OF FIRE ORIGIN
Arauments aaainst Ordinance
"ost fires do not originate on roofs but from inside the house and
~here are not enough roof fires to warrant being concerned.
2
..
Arau.ent. for Ordinance
We readily admit that there have not been a .ignificant nuaber of roof
fire. in the Danville area and that the average lo.a a..ociated with a
roof fire i. relatively .mall. However, the primary purpo.. of the
propo.ed ordinance i. to protect the community a. a whole by reducing
the conflagration potential, a. oppo.ed to protecting an individual
homeowner from 10.. of one hou.e. Plea.e note that the really
di.a.trous conflagration. in recent hi.tory have been .pread by
flaming wood roofs .ending burning brands great di.tance. to start
other" fires.
GOVERNMENT INTRUSION
Arauments aaainst Ordinance
That requiring the more expensive fire retardant roofs is excessive
government intru.ion.
Arauments for Ordinance
The response to the above argument is simply that wood roofs do catch
fire more easily and also spread fire to other properties.
An additional reason for this ordinance is for economy of governmental
operations (which are paid by the community). Particularly since
Proposition 13, Fire District .taffing levels have not kept up with
growth. Throughout all aspects of local fire protection the trend is
for requiring greater built in protection which is considered to be
more cost effective in The long run. Throughout the region fire codes
and regulations are requiring greater fire separations and the
addition of fire .prinkler and alarm .ystems in more types of
buildings. The fire retardant roofing requirement proposed by the San
Ramon Valley Fire Protection District is a logical part of this trend
for greater fire department efficiency and tax savings.
If the proposed ordinance is not passed, there are two alternative
solutions. One is to assume the risk and have an occasional disaster.
The other (which is not considered to be as good because it is
reactive rather that preventive) would be to provide large task forces
of men and equipment to fight large but infrequent fire; most of the
time these men would not be fighting fires and the taxes spent for
their salaries would be .wasted..
3
"
INSURANCE
Arau.ent. aaainat Ordinance
In.urance comp.nie. do not ...... penalties for wood roof., therefore
they mu.t be a.fe.
Araument. for Ordinance
In.ur.nce credit. .ay not be offered at the pre.ent time for .afe
roof. but inaur.nce lo..e. .re reflected in the pre.ent in.urance
r.te, thus we are .11 paying higher in.urance premium. bec.u.e of the
large conflagration. in recent year.. It i. expected th.t in.urance
r.tes would drop if there were fewer confl.gr.tion.. Al.o, it is
anticipated th.t insur.nce credit. will become .vail.ble for aafe
roofs just as credits .re now commonplace for re.idential amoke
detectors and modern wiring (circuit break.rs .s opposed to fuses).
ROOF SIZE and DISTANCE BETWEEN BUILDINGS
Arauments aaainst Ordinance
Fire safe roof materials are not necessary if the roof is below a
certain .ize, if houses are far enough apart, or if houses are within
. certain di.t.nce of a fire .tation.
Arauments for Ordinance
Some jurisdictions have pa.sed limited fire retardant roof ordin.nces.
For example, they may .pply only to dwellings greater th.n .ome given
roof .rea auch as 2,000 .quare feet or when dwellings are less than 10
feet fro. . property lines. The.e .ort. of distinctions do not .eem
to be logical because .eparation fro. a property line ~ot
provide any protection .gainst flaming brands which can be carried
.everal hundred feet by the wind and a small house could catch fire as
easily from an airborne brand as a larger one.
BUILDING CODE
Arauments .aainst Ordinance
Adequate protection is already provided by the building code.
4
-~
"
Arau.enta for Ordinance
The Unifor. Building Code ia uaed throughout the weat.rn Unit.d Stat..
and ia int.nd.d to provide a .ini.u. conc.naua i.v.l of protection
throughout the area wher. it ia ua.d. "any of the ar.a. which uae the
code hav. not raiaed the iaaue of wood roof. ai.ply becau.e wood roof.
are not uaed in their ar.a due to coata. It ia fairly co..on for
local juriadictiona to .ake ao.e .odification. to the cod. which are
needed to aolve unique proble.. and there are nu.erou. co..unities
which have already adopted or are con.idering roof ordinance.. Plea.e
aee the attached article .ummarizing recent propo.ed code changes.
IT CAN'T HAPPEN HERE
Arau.ent. aaain.t Ordinance
The conflagratin. being uaed to aupport the proposed ordinance are
unique and conditions are different in Danville.
Arauments for Ordinance
Fortunately, conflagrations are infrequent events for an individual
co.munity. However, they occur on a fairly regular basi. when large
geographical areas are considered. The National Fire Protection
A..ociation has recognized for many years that combustible roofs are
the number one contributing cause of conflagrations in the world.
Traditionally, we associate conflagrations with brush fires that .ove
into built-up areas .uch as the Los Gatos fire. This is only part of
the overall picture; dry wind, combustible roofs, and fire are the
three ingredients that can cause a conflagration potential. These
factors are all present in Danville for .everal weeks during the
.ummer.
The recent fires in Anaheim and Concord are an examole of what ~
haooen in the center of a .odern California city with a aood fire
deoart.ent and water auoolv. and without any associated brush fire.
Articles on these fires are attached.
5
~
(Prepared by the Contra Costa County Fire
Protection District in support of the
Ordinance _adopted by the City'of Concord)
THE NEED TO RESTRICT THE USE OF
WOOD SHAKES AND SHINGLES
Reconunendation
The Contra Costa County Consolidated Fire District reconunends an
amendment to the 1982 Uniform Building Code, when adopted, which
would restrict the use of untreated wood shakes and shingles on
roofs and exterior walls. (The proposed Code changes are shown on
Page 6 of this report.)
Purpose
The purpose of this proposal is to reduce the potential for confla-
grations which could result in terrible fire losses within our
conununity.
Major Contributing Factor
The reason that untreated wood shakes and shingles are singled out
for restriction is their unquestioned contribution to so many
disastrous conflagrations through history. (See the Conflagrations
Table and the N.F.P.A. FIDO Summary Table on Pages 10, 11 and 12.)
Of the potential conflagration factors in our conununity, wood shakes
and shingles are, by far, the most prevalent and most practical and
feasible to remedy. Other conflagration factors can include water
supplies, fire department resources, weather and topography.
Generally, water supplies are not a problem in this area; and
weather and topography cannot be controlled. Theoretically, fire
department resources could be increased; however, even much larger
fire departments than ours have not been able to prevent conflagra-
tions. (See the comparison of existing local fire department re-
sources to resources of fire departments where conflagrations have
occurred in the Case Sununary and Comparison Table on Page 8.)
In a report on one conflagration which occurred in Houston, Texas,
on July 31, 1979, the January 1980 issue of the Fire Journal stated
that "The Houston conflagration on July 31 cannot be blamed on
excessive winds, inadequate water distribution systems or public
fire protection, unusually dry weather conditions or hilly terrain
. . . The ultimate problem was wood shingled roofs." (Page 30,
Fire Journal, January 1980)
In his report on the Los Angeles conflagration of 1961, Rexford
Wilson, a highly-respected fire protection engineer, said that there
are two dangerous characteristics of wood roofing and the confla-
gration problems tbey present, "One is theKTIACHMENT 2-
ecf>c~T" 7?/EN'tE/J 7V-Hs/Ric.r t7fF~Fc:SJt4re5I'IIN~
cccF'PD t <'-'-'..''-.~:...,.-,<_c_:__~'..'-'.7,~-'=C.~c'---'"'--...~-' '-.
roofing will ignite from relatively lightweight firebrands, embers
and sparks. The second and most dangerous characteristic is the
ability to produce flaming brands large enough to ignite other
wood shingle roofs at quite a distance.
"This flaming brand characteristic defeats firefighting efforts in
three ways: 1) the fire has no definite front for formation of a
tactical attack; 2) the distances involved force dilution of avail-
able men and equipment; and 3) the speed of spread, once started,
outdistances the time needed for adequate response . . . This Los
Angeles conflagration was one of many which have proved that wooden
roofing has the potential of starting or contributing to a confla-
gration which is completely beyond the capabilities of modern fire
department forces.
"At this time, the only way to control this potential is to elimi-
nate (or control the burning characteristics of) wood shingle and
shake roofing." (Page 78, Fire Journal, January 1980)
Soon after the Anahei~, California, conflagration in 1982, National
Fire Protection Association President Robert W. Grant strongly backed
proposed legislation to ban the use of untreated wood shingle roofing
in California, which reaffirmed the long-held N.F.P.A. position on
the subject: "It's unfortunate that tragedies such as the Anaheim
fire must occur over and over again before there is enough public
outcry to change the situation.
"Untreated wood shingles have had a deplorable fire record in-
cluding many major fires in California -- for nearly a century.
"Unless wood shingles are treated so they are fire resistant, they
should never be used to cover any roof or any type of building in
any locality.
"N.F.P.A. records show that from 1971 to 1980, untreated roofing
shingles were a contributing factor to seven fires in California,
each of which involved more than one building." (Page 20, Fire
Service Today, October 1982) ----
In discussing the March 21, 1983, conflagration in Dallas, Texas,
the National Fire Protection Association said, "The potential for
a major conflagration or group fire involving structures with un-
treated wood shingle roofs has been illustrated numerous times.
Multi-million dollar fires where untreated wood shingle and shake
roofs were a contributing factor have been recorded every year
for the past several years by N.F.P.A.'s Fire Data Services Depart-
ment"; and further stated, "For several decades, the N.F.P.A. has
taken the position that untreated wood shingles and shakes present
such an obvious fire and conflagration hazard that they should not
be permitted on the roof of any building. Untreated wood shingles
have had a deplorable fire record -- including many major fires in
Texas and Southern California -- for nearly a century." (Page 16,
Fire Service Todav, November 1983)
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-2-
A Few Recent Wood Roof Conglagrations
As indicated in the Case Summary and Comparison Tables (Pages 7, 8
and 9) and the N.F.P.A. FIDO Summary Table (Page 12), there has been
no let-up in the incidence of conflagrations through the years,
particularly in the States of Texas and California. Some interesting
comments regarding a few of the conflagration reports which we were
able to review are as follows:
. The Houston, Texas, Conflaqration, July 31, 1979 - "By now, there
were small spot fires on every building in the sector west of
l~indrock Boulevard. No firefighters were available to send to
the roofs"; and, "The success of the final stand was attributed
in great part to the lack of wood-shingled roofs north of Woodhollow
Drive"; and, "They believed that the fire could have been contained
to the building of origin if it were not for the wood shingles.
Further, if buildings north of Woodhollow Drive had had wood
shingled roofs, fire officials felt that more buildings would have
been lost."
. The Anaheim, California, Conflagration, April 21, 1982 - "The
Battalion Chief then directed all available police, fire and
civilian personnel to' evacuate the involved buildings and those
west of them"; and, "Despite the monumental efforts of firefighters
and civilians who manned hose lines, crews were pushed back toward
Euclid Street"; and, "Some structures had composition roof cover-
ings or [fire-retardant] roofing that resembled wood shakes. The
buildings with roof coverings that resisted burning brands were
still standing after the fire, in stark contrast to the surrounding
destruction." (Page 23, Fire Service Today, October 1982)
(Copies of narrative reports of these and other conflagrations are
included in this report in the Documentation Section.)
Do We Have the Potential~ Can It Happen Here?
A study of the topography, climatic conditions and fire department
resources in this area reveal a frightening situation. The recent
conflagrations noted in this study had wind, temperature and humidity
conditions not unlike those in this area. The conflagrations occurred
in flat, urbanized areas similar to what we have here. The fire
departments, in each case, are much larger than any fire department
in Contra Costa County, and were able to respond with much larger
forces within effective times than we could ever hope to equal. We
can only conclude that it definitely ~ happen here!
(See the Case Summary and Comparison Table on Pages 7, 8 and 9 of
the Documentation Section.)
Close Call in Concord
On May 21, 1984, in the tract known as "The Crossings" in Concord,
we came very close to having our own conflagration. One house with
-3-
a wood shake roof started burning from a fire which originated in
the garage. Upon arrival of the first fire unit, the wood shake
roof of the house next door was already starting to burn and the
wood shake roofs of the two houses immediately behind the burning
house were receiving flying brands and radiated heat. The fire
department was able to prevent the next-door house from burning
further and to protect the roof of the house immediately behind the
burning house from catching fire. However, they were not able to
prevent the roof of the fourth house (the other one behind the
original burning house) from burning. That fire quickly extended
into the attic, then into the rooms below.
Soon the fire department was faced with having the first house fully
involved; the roof of the second house partly burned and threatening
to burn further; the third house still needing to be protected; the
entire second story, including the roof, of the fourth house fully
involved; the wood shake roof of a fifth house, next door to the
burning fourth house, receiving brands and radiated heat; and hot
brands from the two main fires landing on the dry, wood shake roofs
of at least four other houses as far as a block and a half away
from the original fire.
Aerial photographs of this fire scene clearly indicate the enormous
potential for a conflagration that this incident presented. (See
photos in documentation section.) Very fortunately, the fire depart-
ment was able to muster additional personnel to protect the other
threatened roofs before one of the flyi~g brands ignited them.
Also, very fortunately, the weather conditions were relatively
moderate that day. Had the 18 MPH wind been a little stronger, or
the 780 F. temperature been a little hotter, it is very likely that
Concord would have experienced its first conflagration.
Conclusion
The January 1980 issue of Fire Journal relates the following: "On
the afternoon of July 31, 1979, the Houston, Texas, City Council
met to discuss, among other items, a proposed ordinance to regulate
the use of wood shingles on roofs of multi-family residences in
Houston. The ordinance had been first proposed the previous April,
after a series of apartment house fires involving wood shingle roofs.
When the ordinance was brought up on July 31, the Council voted to
postpone any action on the ordinance to a later date.
"At approximately the same time that the postponement vote was taken,
a Houston businessman was looking out the window of his office in
a high-rise building and saw smoke coming from the Woodway Square
Apartment Complex several miles away. He took a second look through
a telescope and saw that the roof of one building was on fire. The
roof was covered with wood shingles. The fire eventually spread
to 26 apartment buildings with wood shingle roofs, destroying 22 of
them and damaging others.
-4-
~
"On the day after the conflagration, the City Council unanimously
passed the ordinance regulating the use of wood shingle roofs."
We trust that the City Council of Concord will not wait until after
a conflagration occurs here before acting to restrict the use of
untreated wood shakes and shingles.
-5-
~
PROPOSED CODE CHANGES TO RESTRICT WOOD SHAKES AND SHINGLES
Proposed changes to Roof Covering Requirements of the Uniform Building Code,
1982 Edition.
,Section 3202: Roof Construction and Materials, Page 529. Section 3202(b) is
amended by altering Subsections 1, 2, 3 and adding Subsection 4.
Section 3202(b): Fire Retarduncy, When Required. Roof coverings shall be fire
re~ardanc except in Types III, IV and V Buildings, where it may be as follows:
1. Class C roof covering may be used on buildings of Group R, Division 3
or Group H occupancies.
2. Ordinary roof coverings may be used on Building of Group R, Div~sion 3
and Group M occupancies which are not more than two stories in height
and have not more than 3,000 square feet of projected roof area and
there is a minimum of 10 feet from the extremity of the roof to the
property line on all sides except street fronts.
3. Group A, Division 3. Group B, Divisions 1 and 2 and Group R, Division 1
occupancies which are not more than two stories in height and have not
more than 6,000 square feet of projected roof area and there is a
minimum of 10 feet from the extremity of the roof to the property line
or assumed property line on all sides except for street fronts may
have Class C roof coverings which comply with U.B.C. Standard No. 32-7.
Proposed change to Exterior Shingle or Shake Wall Covering Requirements of the
Uniform Building Code, 1982 Edition.
Section 25l6(g).4: Exterior Wall Coverings - Shingles or Shakes. Section 25l6(g).4
is amended by adding a Jast paragraph as follows:
When wood shingles or shakes are used for exterior wall covering, the
buildinq shall have a minimum of 10 feet from exterior walls to
property line except for street fronts.
6
,. _..~'r-:.,,~.-,- .
.
fl~f:.. SAfe. ~fJt-Jc:t
.. .
u...c. STANDARDs
OM minute. If a OtIc.hat
ler .comple~ion of all or o~r
1unn, lhe IInmcnion Peri -
ther or the sides of the 0cI
medialely in the rinse ""con.
d . ha atcr
'pper cpos.1 t t may ha
ens to the tCSI SOlution t~e
with a clean cloth. . "'''J
with wuhin, and ""ipin
, hs ood 'or
U\ve Wit t the requ'
.red
Ihe appearance of bri,hl
~~ formh adf!er the COtnplet;
=-.n, I e ISappcarancc or
11. The total area of failu~
supplementary tests rererred
exposed base metal shall be
Irea ~ inch in diameter).
'med by a pcelin,test. If it is
~Ithe copper with the edle
Dnc appears underncalh IIle
not be construed as an end
Ihrcads or on sharp edges of
;hall nOI be judged as an end
) any cut or abrasion prcsem
ure.
f doubl as 10 the presence of
In. there arc supplcmenlary
more of which may be used
I' (Mlcroscoplc T.at)
r dcposil. mount, and polish
, etching solution composed
Jlfate and 100 millililers of
,kohol. Examine the etched
100 diameters, or grealer if
Id Zinc CoIitlnga
mersc the tcst specimens in
Ie coating is indicated by the
veral days. This tCSl may be
nixture of potaSSium ferri.
urface of the test specimens,
of blue spots on the paper.
1_ EDITION
32-1.32.7
(c) Qulltadn Tat for ZbIc:. Apply a drop (or several drops) of diluted hydro-
cIIIoric acid to the arca in question (dcpendin, on its size). The presence of zinc is in.
tiC&ted by immediate viaorous effervescence (evolution of hydroacn). If no ap-
preciable zinc is present. the effervescence will be mild. By carefully removin, the
icid, a confirmin, tcst for zinc may be made u foUows: neutralizc the acid with am-
IDOnium hydroxide. acidify with acetic acid and pass hydroaen sulfide into the solu.
Don; a white precipitate (zinc sulfide, znS) confirms the presence of zinc.
.......... of DIp.
Sec. 31.615. In counting the number of dips a coating withstands. the fuutl dip at
""ic:h the end points occur shall nOl be included.
~
~
~
UNIFORM BUILDING CODE STANDARD NO. 32-7
STANDARD FOR DETERMINING THE FIRE RETARDANCY OF
ROOF COVERING MATERIALS
Baed on Standard Specification 790 (1169) of the Undec ...1.....
laboratories Inc.
See SectIon 407, 1712 (b) 5. 3203 (b) and 5207 (a) 2,
Un"orm Bulldl Code
"-..
j
QInd
Sec. 31.,.1. (a) Scope. The tests described in this standard are applicable to roof
ClDVCrilll matcria1s and are intended to measure the fire-rcsisWlCC characteristics of
IOOf covcrinp against fire ori,inating from sources outside the buildin, on which
1bcY arc installed. They are applicable to roof coverings intended for installation on
cilber combustible or noncombustible decks when applied in the intended manner.
~roof coverinp are effective .,ainst severe fire exposures. Under such ex.
posures. roof coverings of this class are not readily flammable. afford a fairly high
*&rCC of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position and pose no
Dyina-brand hazard.
C\aSs B roof covcrinp are effective against moderate fire exposures, Under such
exposures, roof coverings of this class are not readily flammable. afford a moderate
dqrcc of fire protection to the roof deck. do not slip from position and pose no
Dying-brand hazard.
nass C roof coverinp are effective apinst light fire exposures. Under such ex.
posures. roof coverings of this class are not readily flammable. afford a measurable
dqrcc of fire protection to the roof deck. do not slip from position and pose no
Dying-brand hazard.
It is the intent that the classifications indicate performance during tests of the
types of matcria1s and periods of exposure involved, and should not be construed as
laving any significance with respect to the suitability for use after fire exposure.
Roof covcrin, materials are required to comply also with the requirements for
CllIISIrUCtion. material specifications and perfonnance u applicable to specific
types. dcsi,ns. sizes and arrangements. All such additional requirements which ap-
IIiY arc nOl considered to be within the scope of these requirements for fire tests.
(Il) Test AppualUl, Figure No. 32-'.} illustrates the essential clements of the fire
laI apparatus. It consists of a test deck (A) to which the roof covering material is
Ipptied, a framework (8) on which the test deck is mounted at the desired incline, a
lIS burner (C) for the Intermillent-flame, Spread-of-flame and F1yi118-brand Tcsts,
. Variable-speed blower and air duct (0) for producing the requisite wind condi-
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FIGURE NO, 32.7.1
FIRE TEST APPARATUS
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'l::::::; ,..3.:--... :l'~.' HEIGHT OF VELOMEnA NOZZLE
-..,. ~.....
_ 'S.'-.::::--~-" LOCATION OFTHEAMOCOUPLE
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FIAINGUNOEATESTOECK '- 'il.::.,
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. TEST SPECIMEN MOUNTED ON SZ" 5'
FRAMEWORK. PITCH CAN BE AD.lUSTED
~I
CONSTAUCTlON OF
ASBESTOS CEMENT BOARDS
TOSlMULATE EAVES 3l5"
AND CORNICE
AIR INTAOllUCED FROM OVTSIOE THE TEST ROOM
BY BLOWER CONTIlOU.ED BY AHEOST A T
AlA DUCT
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POBOX 63/ WALNUT, CALIFORNIA 91789 ~~
(800) 962-4540 . (818) 965-6330 . (714) 594-3211
S TAT E MEN T 0 F PUR P 0 S E
The Committee For Firesafe Roofing, Inc. is a non profit
corporation that develops and promotes pertinent information
regarding different types of fire retardant roofing products
and systems.
Information is made available to the general public, the
construction industry, City, County and State planning and
legislative bodies, building code development and enforcement
agencies and other interested organizations.
The Committee communicates thi s information by way of print
and broadcast media, by response to telephone and mail
inquiries and by public appearances of qualified speakers.
Membership is open to persons, agencies or organizations who
support the purposes, programs and principles of the Committee
For Firesafe Roofing.
ATTACHMENT 1-
?~ENI a-r f7(/~~t)5E - (]J;ij;rlITTe" r=o~
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Prices on wood shakes and shin- ;.
g1es are going through the roof.,;?"
Local roofinl( contractors and '")Ii;
-!!!I!I!!iers say the 35.pen:ent du~ on (.
can~,Han..s!!I"gl~!!!Lsl::s e~. I
which takes effect today,. . ,
ready!pUlTOd pn~. m.~-~cgt",";!- .'
-muCh as 25 ~rcent on_ ooth ~aw'.
an ana aomeiiii: ceaa;:1ilOliJiil pro-
C1Uc:lS:- ..--
- - -Arid some expect prices to climb
another 10 percent over Ibe next
few weeks, threatening to splinter
the wooden roofing industry in Cali.
fornia and eaI away at consumer
pocketbooks. .
The tariff, IeviecI at the behest of
large timber mill owners in the
Nonhwestem United Slales who
said they were being hurt br Cana.
dIan impons, has already ......eel the
cost of reroofing an average single.
family home by $500.
"The consumer, obviously, Is go-
Ing to bear the brunl of l!1is," said
BiB Monensen. lIWIlOr of Monen-'
&en's Roofing in Concord
Suppliers Slid American timber
. mill owners wasted no time in nis-
Ing their Iotl prices 10 lake advan-
tage of the duly on Canadian roof.
ing malerials. According 10 Dick
Bishop, owner of Bishop Wholesale
Inc. in Mutinez. Canadian lumber
companies dropped their loe prices
~n after Presidenl Reagan an.
nounced the lariff laSI week, to
compensate for the iInp-I;flC duty .
cbarges .
American lumber compani~, he
said, responded wilh a price in.
crease. '''The shake and shingle pr0-
ducers gained absolulely nOlbing
off this," said Bisbop. "Only large
timber bolders pined."
The higher prices are rapidly fil.
tering down to suppliers, roorers,
builders and homeowners in Contra
Costa and Southern Alameda coun.
ties.
Mortensen. Bishop and others
complained that they bave not even
been able 10 obtain price quotes on
Ibakes IJId shingles from their bro-
kers in the Northwest because the
timber companies bave not IOttIed
on prices for the raw materials.
'"The people wbo bave the lop
.' are holding on to them untiJ they
. can get lop dollar," said Betty Bell,
co-owner or Bell Roofing in Oakley.
'MIt's the American way."
Bell Roofing. which lays roofs on
.;~. ~\~1j ~<~ .:t~
,{2~":,:~,;
. S"._ErleRaNoonen
SHAKE, RATTLE AND ROLL: Geronimo Oumag unloads shakes aI Cali.
fornia Shingle and Shake Co. n ~ ~m'.H",'\{r.,,'. .. . .
the new homes ot IOlIIO of Contra . fire olIicials would welcome.
Costa County's 1argest builden, Is ' . 'Tm sure it's going 10 bave pea-
now paying $68 per 100 square feel pie looking around ror other maleri.
ot medium shake, the most common a1s," said Bell. "Some builders bave
pade for new constnIction, com. aiready asked, 'Whal abouI Ihal
pu-ed with $58 last month. Bell said composition (fiberglass) roofing?" .-,
Ihe expected to be prying $75 with. Said Bishop 01 Bishop Whol..
In a month. .,.,;.. . . ~" :~.~ ,.. sa1e, ''We will eliminate probably
. . AI Pacific Supply in San Ramon,. the use of shakes and shingles as
which sells roofing materials 10 con. people wiD go to other products:
tractors and homeowners, the price We've killed the induslJy."
on 100 square feel of heavy cedar Bell lIid ber company pays,
shake, used mostly fDr....,.,nng. in- about $37"" for 100 square reel of
creased 15 percenl !IUs weeIc 10 $80. fiberglass shake than for medium
Said manager SIeve Volker, "Nexl cedar lhake. A$ the cedar products
week, il could be $100:' prices increase that clifferenc:e will
The higher prices on malerials grow.
mean homeowners ma~ regrel. bay. Severai suppliers said Ibey were
ing pul off a reroofing Job. busier now than they bad been in
Morte~n. whose l:Hmpl~ years. Bul they said they expected
roofing busm~ buys lI!"Y domestlc their boom 10 he shortlived. "RighI
Ibakes and ~es. SAId. cust011lOlS lIOW It's busy because everyone's
~ pay !165 ror instaUallon of each Ifraid (Prices) are going 10 go up
square. 100 square feel o~ heavy more," laid Eldin Stubblefield,
shake. Jusllast week, the pnce was salesman at SIcS Roofing In Pa.
$150, The average home ~ 30 " cbeco. "Our price Is up AI least 25
such squares. Monensen Ald. '-..- far " .'. .
. "Roofing suppliers predicted that ,,---" . ..',...,-. ~{; '" '-:.~'
tbe price Increlses would drive ..... ."Canadian sbake hIS alwlYs
builders as well as individual hom.. been cheaper," Stubblefield said.
owners to foresake cedar shakes M(lbe tariff) Is supposed 10 equalize
and shingles for more economical things. Unfonunately, It's going to
fiberglass and tile roofing, which equalize it at 35 percenl higher."
. ~ . - .
By JOliN URQUW.RT
And PEC.GY BERKOWITZ
Staff R('portcrE afTHE Y,.ALL STnCI:....r JOUHSAI..
OTTAWA - Canadian Prime Minister
Brian Mulronc-y call1'd a cabinet meeting
for today to consider retaliation against
the .S. for 1m In a 35<, 1m rt duty
.on Canadian wood shlneles an" s. akes.
"We will try to prepare an apilropriate
response for the AmeIican administration
which will convince them of the foDy of I
this kind of action dlre::ted J,!lther arains!
a great friend s:Jch as Cana;da (lr anyor,e
else." Mr. Mulroney told, the House of
Commons. ,\": ' '.
The U,S. movr, announced by'Prrsldent
Reagan Thursday, provoked the sharpest
tradc' dispute bctwc'en the U,S. and Canada
in years. ' . ~
Canadian offIcials saJd the cabinet wi
consider a rang(' of possible responses.
Trnde Minister James Kelleher said Can.
ada Is entitled, under International trade
agreement!:, to compensation for the u.s.
action. The compensation could come from{
Import levies on U.S. goods, he saJd. .J
- One' pOSsible . retaliatory move could,
hurt the U.S, drug Industry. A Canadian
drug-Industry analyst predicted that Can-
ada wlll delay and might shelve legislation
that has been urged by the Reagan admJn-,
Istration to strengthen Canadian patent
coverage for drugs. The bllllnvolves mil-
lions of dollars of potential profit for
brand'name drug makers. '
Trade E;xceeds $120 BlllIon
The U.S, and Canada' are each other's
most Important trading partners. Trade
between 'the two countries exceeded S120
billion IU.S.) last year. Of the goods that
sparked the current dispute, U.S, officials
said Its 1m rts of red cedar shin les and
shakes, W IC arc a type 0 s In!': e, 0 a e
bout $182 mllhon last ear all from Can.
D.!!e:.. .
In fesponse to the U.S. tariff, Extern
Affairs Minister Joe Clark told the Ho
of Commons yesterday that Canada wi I
enforce controls on cedar log exports to e
sure that Canada's shingle Industry Isn't
"exported across'.the border." ,
"" , .
1667 SPRINGER ROAD I MOUNTAIN VIEW, CALIFORNIA 94040
(BOO) 962-4540 . (415) 965-3469
WALL STREET JOURNAL - MAY 27,1986
the new U.S. farlff Is expected to stirn.
ulate demand In the U.S. for cedar logs to
make shakes and shingles from. One U.S"
woOd-indUstry analyst saJd that unless
Canada curbed exports, V,S, mUls would
4bu)' C.an'adian cedar logs that had been glr
Ing to Canadian mills. Members of Parlla-
" ment complalned that this would mean Ca-
nadian raw materials would be diverted to
th~ U.S. to create or preserve U.S. jobs at
P the expense of Canadian ones. \
T)le U.S. le\')' Is expected 'to be a severe ~
blow LO canaaa 5 rea ccoar maustry, most day, The Toronto Stock Exchange paper
cirwmcn IS Dasea In ~ntlsn COlumbIa. one and forest.products index closed )'esterday
mill In tne. Vancouver area closed Friday, ',at 3080.88. off 36.89 for the two days.
3 \1n oil 7~ worker . Others amon the John Crispo, University of Toronto man-
140 mil sine province are eXlJ€'cted to agement studies professor. predicted the
announce closures or layoffs soon unless U.S. action would cause only a temporary,
Jhe U.S. aellon IS relJ€'a1ed. sald Doug Ev- setback for Mr. Mulroney's 'efforts to es-
ans, preSident of Local 1-217 of the Interna- tablish closer trade ties with the U.S. He
tionaJ Woodworkers of America, said Canada's main interest in freer trade
Mr: Reagan's action followed a six- with the U,S. is to exempt Canadian ex-
month, investigation of the U.S. Western ports from further U,S. restrictions. '!
red cedar shake and shingle Industl)' b~ The U.S. action gave rise to fears of
he InternallOnaJ Jrade COmmIssIon, Tnat poSSible U.S. curbs on other Canadian
U.S. agency etermm at na Ian 1m. products. such as lunlber and potatoes.
ports were senously Injunng the domestic The U.S. absorbs more Illan 'n'ic of Can-
industry, ' ada's exports, and the U.S. last year had a
The actio~ prompted. the Canadian deficit of more than S15 billion IU.S,) In Its
House of Commons to adopt a rare unani- trade "'1t~ ~an~da, second only to the tl.s,
mous motion deploring the "unfair" U.S. trade defIcit Wlth Japan, , :
. le\')' and calling on Mr. Reagan to repeal . <;::anada Is particularly concerned about
it. ' ',' possible U.S, curbs on lumber Impor:ts,
Mulroney Assa1ls Reagan , . '!Vhlch totaled S2.6 billion last .year., Last
. . week,U,S. lumber producers filed a pet!-
Mr.Mulroney,lndlgn~t, publicly crlt!- 'tion With the U.S. International Trade
c.lzed !dr. Rea~ by name .for the first Commission seeking countervailing duties
lime since the pnme minister took offtce In of 27':'. on Canadian lumber.
~ptem~r 19~. He ,called the U,S. action, '.The Canadian government sald that the
bizarre In Vlew of an agreement by. the IpnJller ISsue was "exhaustively exam-
U.S. and Canada to try ~ negotiate an end Ined" In.a 1983 U.S. investigation that
to trade barriers. The first ,round of ,those 'fowid no grounds for countervailing duty.
trade talks adjourned Thursday, a few, As Canadian lumber, policies haven't
hours before Mr. Reapn announced the ch,anged since 1983, It saJd the hitest petl-
Import levy. tlon RI1Jounts to harassment of the Cana.
Bui Mr. Clark rejected demands from iIIlin lumber Industry.' , ;; .'
opposition members of Parliament for a . ~ada also has been dismayed by the
suspension of the trade talks until the U.S. Impact on Its fanners of the new U,S, fann
drops the Import levy. '':'' ' blIl that, through Increased subsidy to U.S.
, Shares of canadian tOreSt-Product com-' fanners, has diverted bUsineSs to the 1.1,S.
panles fell on an otherwlle 'fenerally (Inn' ,In some Mideast ~arkets that In the past
Toronto stock m~rket FrIday arid ye&ler- had ,~Ufht malril~ C~~'~; '..;'
,..
'.'J"~ .tAL:J~ AUUUJ WUUJJ KUU~IN~"^.r.cJ I:
, .' A'MA TTER OF PERSPECTIVE
','
In recent years there has been a concentrated effort on the part of
private firms and public agencies to secure the elimination of wood
roofing from residential and commercial roofs throughout the country.
This effort has been based on the allegation that wood roofing poses a
fire safety danger. In order to place, before those individuals and
agencies who are concerned with the question, the actual facts
concerning wood roofs and safety, the Red Cedar Shingle & Handsplit
Shake Bureau makes known the following basic facts.
The Bureau is a trade association located in Bellevue, Washington,
representing over 400 mills whose production of shingles and handsplit
shakes carry the Certigrade and Certi-Split labels, respectively.
The Bureau, which has served the industry, the building trades and the
general public for over 6S years, is engaged principally in product
inspection and grading, in research and development, in promulgation
of proper application methods, and in advertising and promotion of
product use.
Over the past 20 years the popularity of shingles and the. heavier
hand split shakes has increased appreciably. There is little doubt that this
success has caused the "safety question" to be raised by competitors of
the shingle and shake industry. '
The shingle and shake industry believes the public is entitled to a fair
and complete understanding of all facts dealing with the matter of
roofing safety.
The industry, principally through the offices of the Bureau, has
attempted to keep the question of safety in proper perspecti~le and to
combat all organized efforts to depart from the essential facts. As an
organization based on ethical standards of conduct in promotion and
information programs, the Bureau often has been placed at a
disadvantage by the practices of distortion and misrepresentation which
frequently accompany attacks by its competitors or well-meaning but
uninformed fire zealots.
Nevertheless, the industry feels that by ; , 'ining its principles of
fairness and integrity, the questions which .' regarding roofing safety
will be considered with the same fairness and, 'grity by the vast
majority of municipal officers, code officials ano private citizens.
No single example of the need for perspective in matters of roofing
safety is more illustrative than the highly publicized hill-brush
conflagrations which sweep across areas of California during fire
seasons. These conflagrations frequently cause the destruction of scores,
sometimes hundreds, of dwellings, and losses in tens of millions of
dollars.
These fires have common elements which need to be understood.
Annual and predictable, they occur in periods of extremely low
humidity (as low as 3%) after long periods of drought (up to 9 months),
and are fanned by so-<:alled Santa Ana winds (up to 80 and 90 miles per
hour). .
Firefighting conditions in these conflagrations are atrocious. There are
vast accumulations of volatile (greasewood-type) brush, hilly terrain,
inadequate roads for equipment deployment, inadequate (and in some
cases non-existent) water supplies, and capricious winds which shift fire
direction. The heat generated by suchfiresis,.s.oJn.tense.. that homes
lit~rall~ e, xplode when e~posed to it,~. mhBERI b
pnmarlly of such materials as steel. n ." '
shows that these fires play no fav,?r' . .;
/#bff ~r me:: ~ CflJ/TR.. dHINtT~ ~tJ /I /JrVf) S fJLIT fr/.1-KE;" ZIZ;:ecr/'ft.J
,_~",'_'___'~____'7__" . - _ . -. ' , 'l-"-"--""--l',:"-"'''.'"'"'''"' ",..~-.c~. .,'"
'I
INTRODUCTION
"
THE BUREAU
THE GRO\\'TH OF
PRODUCT USE
THE INDUSTRY
PHILOSOPHY
Perspective:
BRUSH
CONFLAGRA TlONS
Perspective: _
FIRE CAUSE
STATISTICS
Perspective:
INSURANCE
Perspective:
LIFE SAFETY
Perspective:
WIND RESISTANCE
These conditions are unique to California, especially the southern part
of the state. They are duplicated nowhere else in the nation,-and should
not be permitted to influence attitudes toward roofing materials
throughout the nation. Brush is the major culprit. Unless and until the
brush is cleared or otherwise controlled, the fire losses will continue year
after year, no mailer what types of materials are used to construct
houses in these hill-brush areas.
National Fire Protection Association, in their annual listings of fires by
cause, showed "Sparks on Roofs" to account for 6.'0;0 of total fires in
J 945. This percentage declined, year by year, until J 970 when it showed
0.50;0, and thereafter was eliminated from the report. In effect, the J970
report showed only one-half of 10;0 of all fires started on the roof -
and these were roofs of ALL types.
A fo~r-year study conducted by the insurance industry in the state of
{lowa,~ one of the few which segregated losses by types of roofing
materials - revealed that fire losses to wood-roofed residences, on a
loss-ratio basis, were Jess than those covered with other roofing
materials.
It is significant that the insurance industry, which deals most directly
with fire losses, has'seen'fit to eliminate the age-old 'fire'insurance
differentials on wood-roofed residences'. Following the lead of New
York state in J 940, all states have wiped out the differentials.
Throughout their history, neither the cedar industry nor the Bureau has
maintained that shingles and shakes do not bum. But so will practically
everything else that goes into the construction of a dwelling or other
building.
Since over 950/0 of all residential fires begin in the interior of the home,
it is logical to relate life safety to the reduction of interior fires. Life
safety begins inside the home where carelessness, smoking, overtaxed
electrical and heating equipment plus other causes provide the true
danger. It is far more significant to provide fire-resistant furnishings _
carpets, drapes, furniture, etc. - than fire-retardant exterior building
materials.
Of gr~at importance in.life safety considerations is the tendency of
~o'od shingle- or- shake roofs, which.Jlormallyare applied on spaced
sheathing boards, to self-ventilate' in the eventofan interior- fire."~
Remember, this is where over 95 % of home fires start. Life losses in
home fires arise mainly because of suffocation from superheated gas
and smoke, not from the flames themselves, and the-release of these" ,....
toxic-gasses through'the-roof is"a'life-saving' characteristic of wood-
{rOOfing. Tight roofs - e.g. asphalt roofing on solid sheathing - are
killer roofs.
The Bureau and the industry, supported by thousands of concerned
tradespeople, have long sought to establish "total roofing performance"
as the essential criterion.
It is a fact, for example, that the wind-resistant and hurricane-resistant
properties of wood shingles and shakes are far superior to those of any
competitive material. In storm after storm in the Southeast and -
elsewhere, cedar shakes and shingles have demonstrated their ability to
withstand high winds. For example:
. . . Following the disastrous onslaught of:Hurricane-Carla to the Texas
Gulf in J961, a Civil Defense Director said: "/ can only give one
blanket statement, and that is those houses with wood shingles escaped
almost unscathed and those with any other type of roofing absorbed
some degree of damage. ..
..'
. ..~. ..:-. ,~.~~ T.i~,,;l., .,.Q~: ~ '.: ,i .'.
I..... N8tf0Ml 'ore..
. . ~. ,roctuctl AMOCIetlon
; . . ,':;; .
., .........~~. '4. .4 :'II'~" 'I' ..,..-t.", :.,,&.......:,....t... 1....... .,......
..11_ A. N.~
Dlllrocl M.nager
P.O. eo. 4012
MountA,n VIltW, Ca"'orn.. 9'0'0
415"169.1064
Augult 15, 1984
Mr. Dean P. La Field, Executive Vice President
Building Indultr,y Alsociation - Ealtern Divilion
1280 Boulevud Way, 1211 ...
Valnut Creek, Calltornia 94595
Subject: City ot Concord and Contra Costa County Fire Experience Data
Dear Dean:
Additional data bal been colleeted and added to the table lent with ~
letter ot July 27, 1984. AlIa, some adJustmentl vere .ade to that data as a
relult or'consultations witb individuals relpon8ible tor the CFRS data in tbe
State Fire Marlhal'l ottice. '.
\
\
~onclua1onl that can be reached trom the attached table ue~
1. Firel originating on roots conltructed with wood Ihingles and
sbakel represent lesB than 4% ot all tire. in term. at dollar
loss and number or incidents. In relation to all dvelling
tires, it calculates to be 6.4% (number at incidents) and
8% (dollar losl).
2.
Fires .preading to roots ot other buildings having rooting
ot all kinds occurs in only 0.7% ot all tire incident I and
results in onlT 0.9% ot all dollu losle.. In relation to
all dwelling tires having wood shingles and sbakes. it calcu-
lates to be oolT 0.7% (number ot incidents) and 1.7. (dollar
1081 ) .
\
"',
'.\
3. Wood liding ha. not been the cau.e at .preading tires a. indi-
cated bT tbe record Ihoving zero 1Dcidentl ot expoBure tir...
Fires bave originated on exterior vallI in only 1.5% ot the
total tire incidents and 1.~J ot all dvelling tire incidentl.
..
There 11 no en dent trend in the IlUllber ot root or aiding tirel
even tbOU&h tbe number ot buildingl loeated In Contra COlta
County ban. increased OTer the 6 Tear period beiD&. Itudied.
~~'Il .....
......
.~ Tbe queltion tor the City Qt Concord to consider II whether or not tire Incl-
....".. '~~ . 4eoce rates or IJ% tor root'lng and 1.5% tor I1ding Justinea prohlbitlonl being
,.,conlidered, elpeelallJ lince there il no upward trend In incidentl recorded over
! , : tiM lalt 6 ,earl. It Ibould be quite obvloul that tir.. oecurrlnc .1 a relNl t ot
".: ; eltpolura are too t~ 10 Dumber to JUltlt)' requirlnc a 10 toot l.paratloD betvuQ l
~ '~l~l: _. cC8bultlble roor1D1 anei.idlng trCII property linel. That increal. 1D required " "~.'
..' ~.:, opeD lpaee 11 a TeTT COltlJ penalty and Ihould not b. ~Ied Ylth .JuUti- ~ " I
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RED CEDAR SHINGLE & HANDSPLIT SHAKE BUREAU
..../lIf..:2 7,:' 51:; , I Wt" A", .\'.1-:
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June 19. 191:15
The Honorabl.: Mayor and
Members of tne CIty Council
City of Concord
Concord, California
SubJ~ct: 198~ UnIform BUlldin6 Co~~
I)car Mayor and )l~Jllb..rs of the Council:
At tb~ Jun~ 24, 1~85 counCIl me~tinb you bave sch~dul~d a h.arJn~ on th.
auoption of th... l~~:.! UnIform Builuinb Cocae. Tho.: fIn. scrv;cc hilS suuml..tcd
to you an o:xt.:nsive special ordinance whicb contains no facts and fil,(ur~!>.
or SU"bestions as to ho.... "cost eff..ctive" th.:!se sp"cial - ana .;..pensiv~ -
restrictions WIll b...
The Bureau is lnter~8ted only in th.. roofin& reqUJr..'lIhmts outlined in til...
sUbD",st..d ordinance.
Th., ordinance. in elf"ct. is a "fIrE: pr",vention ta:." plac<.'d upon your
citIzens who nav~ a wood roof tuat will soon ne...d r~placln~. It IS bOlll~
to b~ hard for tnem to unaerstand this auuitlonal "1ire pr....ventlon taA"
cost when th~y bave nae DO problem witb the roof for 20 y..ars or mor~.
Th.. base minimum "taA" to comply with tbis ordinanct' is $11l00 per roof
rcplecclll'-?nt. TblS cost is Just for tbe structural chan"es needed to cnanli.~
from a wood roof to a composition roofln~ material. 11 the o~ner wish"s to
.aiutain th.. design intebrety and appearance 01 th.. homt' usin~ th~ reqUIred
fire treated wood material, th", auuitlonal cost would be about $15\.10.
Thert' ar..' no fij;;ures for reroofIng of bom<.'s in Conconi, but lllO ..ould u..
tb~ mlnimwr. per y.:ar I am tol,.J by roofers. So, tIllS "111'': preVention ta~;"
would be $lOl/,OOu to $150,000 per year. Is the fIr.. s"rVICe willinb to
.eet this fibur~ WIth a SImilar reJuctlon in their lJu~bt't?
Tne fire report 1~~ures available from th" stat~ 1lre marshall's offic~.
whiCh ar.. supplled by your fire s~rVlce, sbo~ that in tbe ~bol~ county only
8~ of the fir~s in residences involv~ th~ roof surface. They average 50 per
year, and the averab~ loss is only $5600. So, th... $lull.<Jou to $150,OOv per
y~al- "firo! preVention tax" is away out of line.
Th~ 1nsuranc~ companIeS wbo pay th~ bill for flr~s uO Dot offer any reduct-
ion in theIr pr\:'IDlums for so-callt.~ "Ilre ro:sistant" roofinG materials.
Tbe UUlform Buildln~ CoJc is the result of a thorou.h process wbicb r~acts
to all types of bUIlding probl~ms and life, and fire safety, are a very
important consid~ration for ev~ry code change. The overall reduction in
fire incioents across the Dation ia proof tbi~ process is working.
Our industry, therefore,
Code without tbe special
ci tiz..msl
recommends your adoption of th~ UnIform Builuing
ordinance aDJ tbO! "ta,," it 'w1ll enforce upon y~ur .
Tbank you" . . I q, [-
, II _ . 1.J. / ./..,. ",,'"'f;I(..''t,.....LI..:. .L.,
.. /1 k 1"Yl-/ /.j7:-~..L LJ I /'t.4.' ~.l. .
":~
A NON.PROFIT CORPORATION
r~
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1667 SPRINGER ROAD I MOUNTAIN VIEW, CALIFORNIA 94040
(800) 962-4540 . (415) 965-3469
January 1986
FIRE RESISTANT ROOFING REQUIREMENTS FOR RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES
'f'f
~Northern California Jurisdictions
Jurisdiction
Area Covered #(1)
Newark
All
Comments
Mimimum #(1)
Requirement
Class C
Class C
Class C
Class C
Class C
Class B
ALAMEDA COUNTY
Alamed County
Brush/Hillsides
Berkel'ey
Brush/Hillsides
Fremont
Brush/Hillsides
Oakland
Brush/Hillsides
Pleasanton
High hazard brush areas
5-minute plus from fire station
BUTTE COUNTY
Paradise
All
Class C
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY
Walnut Creek
Case by case basis Class C
All Class C
1-1. L. h I-tA"2..A..rd A~ j\. s C:/A-~si3 ...C
All Class C #(2)
All Class C
All Class C #(2)
All Class C
All Class C #(2)
Contra Costa County
(unincorporated)
Concord
PA",ul/fe
Lafayette
Martinez
Pleasant Hill
Richmond
1
A iT ACHMENT 1
- 97 lV&!, C~"F; .JiJR-I.f 1)/ c77tT/1S
flt:E K6fbTJ!#1 RCJtJF!NtT ~TS,.
Jurisdiction
FRESNO COUNTY
Clovis
Sanger
MARIN COUNTY
Corte Madera
Kentfield
Mill Valley
Novato
Ross Valley/San Anselmo
Tiburon
MONTEREY COUNTY
Monterey
North County
(unincorporated)
NAPA COUNTY
Napa County
(Unincorporated)
PLACER COUNTY
Auburn
Colfax
Kings Beach
Placer County
South Placer County
(outside Roseville, Uninc.)
Tahoe City
~ .J
~t:.:;-.j ;~:.
1 '
.1 ....
~ ;,l ~:,~
Area Covered #(1)
Comments
Minimum #(1)
Requirements
Over 3000
Class C
Brush/Hillsides
Class A
Brush/Hillsides Class C
Brush/Hillsides Varies
Brush/Hillsides Class A
Brush/Hillsides Class C
All Class C
Brush/Hillsides Class C
Brush/Hillsides
Class C
Brush/Hillsides
Class B
Brush/Hillsides
Class C
All Class B
All Class A
All Class B
East of Highway 65 Class B
All Class B
All Class B
2
I
r
~;(
Jurisdiction
Area Covered
Comments-
Minimum
Requirements
SAN FRANCISCO COUNTY
San Francisco
All
Class C
No wood
SAN JOAQUIN COUNTY
Eastern FPD
(unincorporated)
Brush/Hillsides
Class C
Escalon
Fire Zone 1
Class B
SAN MATEO COUNTY
San Mateo
Brush/Hillsides
Class B
San Mateo County
(unincorporated)
All
Class C
SANTA CLARA COUNTY
Brush/Hillsides Class B
Brush/Hillsides Class B
Brush/Hillsides Class B
Brush/Hillsides Class B
Brush /Hillsides Class B
Brush/Hillsides Class B
Brush/Hillsides Class B
Brush/Hillsides Class B
UY\\l'Jco.or~ -kJ. ~As I=,'re f2..+rw J -1..v,.
Brush/Hillsides Class C
Cupertino
Gilroy
Los Gatos
Milpitas
Monte Sereno
Morgan Hill
Palo Alto
Saratoga
St:lNTA c.f2.l.I z.. Co
SONOMA COUNTY
Santa Rosa
Notes
1) Chech with jurisdiction for areas covered and requirements
2) Same as for Multi-family.
3
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Of
Committo81\1r ~
Fh~~iinf\) r~bfh~ ~~
A NON-PRO'" CORPORATOON ~ .
P.O. BOX 631 WALNUT, CALIFORNIA 81769
(800) 962-45400 (818)965-6330 0 (714)594-3211
FIRE RESISTANT ROOFING REQUIREMENTS FOR RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES
Jurisdiction
Fire Resistant
Requirements
Comments - Minimum
Requirement
Agoura Hills
Alhambra
Yes
Class C.
Arcadia
Consideri ng
Yes
Class A in zone 4 Class
B elsewhere
Artesia
Yes
Class C.
UBC'
Fire zone 4
N. of Sierra Madre
Azusa
Yes
Avalon
Yes
Class C.
Baldwin Park
Yes
UBC
Bell
Yes
Class C. (UBC)
Bellflower
Yes
Class C.
Bell Gardens
Yes
Class C
Beverly Hills
Bradbury
Burbank
Yes
Class B.
Yes
Class C. No wood.
Yes
Class B.
Carson
Yes
Class C.
Cerritos
Yes
Class C. 50% Reroofing
Planning Dept. approval
L A County Code
Class B.
City of Industry
Yes
Claremont
Yes
Commerce Yes UBC 1982
1984 County Bldg. Code
A TT ACHMENT 8
Jj!5 r tJr {iJ7V1 ;Ylc/t1I (115 (Jf 1171 11;tc: k-17'fI!JJ I}-N/ /boR Ai f:r aRt) /,y /flVif'S
"1':- ,.-.,".
Covina
Yes
Class B in multi-family,
combustible roofs permitted
elsewhere.
Cudahy
Culver City
Yes
Class C.
Yes
Class B.
Duarte
Yes
Class A in hillsides.
Combustible roofs permi-
tted elsewhere.
EI Monte
Yes
Class B.
EI Segundo
Yes
Class C if property
line is at least 10
ft. If less than 10
Class B is required.
Gardena Yes
Glendale Yes
Glendora Yes
Hacienda Heights Yes
Hawaiian Gardens Yes
Hawthorne Yes
Hermosa Beach Yes
,
Hidden Hills Yes
UBC 32-7
Class B. No Wood
Class B in firezones
Class A
Class C.
UBC 32-7 (1979)
UBC (1979)
Class A or B on new
construction. Class
C on re-roofing.
Huntington Beach Yes
Industry Yes
Inglewood Yes
lrwindale Yes
La Canada Yes
Fli ntridge
La Habra Yes
La Habra Heights Yes
Lakewood Yes
UBC (1982)
Class C. 32-7
UBC (1979)
Class C.
Class B.
Class C
Class A.
Class C.
~"'~1.",m'^""
., ~^/~~ ': ~~^' '.
) liJ '", ,. ..-, "
' ~ i.:J t. ~.:."'{1!. Ji ;. .. ~.., :{ t...
.
.
La Puente Yes
La Mirada Yes
Lancaster Yes
La Verne Yes .
Lawndale Yes
Lomita Yes
Los Angeles City Yes
Los Angeles County
(unincorporated) Yes
UBC (1982)
Class C.
Class C.
Class B. No Wood in
hillsides:- -
Class C.-UBC 1979
Adopting 1982
Class C.
Class B.
Class B for Fire Zone
4 areas.No wood roofs
permitted in Malibu
zoned
area. Class C for 1,000
ft. buffer zone. Class
C for multi-family
units
in Fire Zone 3 Combustible
roofs permitted in
1 and
2 family units in Fire
Zone 3.
Lynwood Yes
,
Maywood Yes
Monrovia Yes
Montebello None
Monterey Park Yes
Norwalk Yes
UBC (1982)
Class C.
Class B. No wood roofs
permitted.
Presently reviewing.
Class B.
Class B for multi-family
units. Class C for
single family. UBC
(1982)
2 roof limi t
Palmdale
Yes
Class C. UBC (1971)
Palos Verdes
Estates
Yes
Homeowner's Assn. requires
Clay tile in watershed
areas. Combustible
roofs permitted elsewhere.
UBC
......'...1~'~,~-"','"::':' ,'.::'" _'.' .'.~-...,.-,';""... ~ .
.'
Temple City
Torrance
Vernon
Walnut
West Covina
Westlake Village
Whittier
ORANGE COUNTY
Anaheim
Brea
Buena Park
Costa Mesa
Cypress
Fountain Valley
Fullerton
Garden Grove
Huntington Beach
Irvine
Laguna Beach
La Habra
La Palma
Los Alamitos
Newport Beach
Orange
Yes
Class C.
Yes
UBC (1979)
July 1985 UBC 1982
Class B.
Yes
Yes
Class C.
Yes
Class B.
Yes
Class B in Fire Zone
4. Class C in Fire
Zone 3.
Yes
Class B for hillsides.
Class C elsewhere.
Yes
Class B.
Yes
Class C.
Yes
Class C.
Yes
Class C.
Yes
Class B new construction.
Class C re-roofing.
,
Yes
Class C UBC
Yes
Class C.
Yes
Class C.
Yes
UBC (1982)
Yes
Class C.
Yes
Class B.
Yes
Class C.
Yes
Class C.
Yes
New roof: Class C.
Replacement: None
Yes
Class C.
Yes
Class B brushland
UBC (1982) Chapter
32.
Orange County
(unincorporated) Yes
Placentia Yes
Class C.
Wood Class C.
Others Class A
San Clemente Yes
Class B hillsides.
San Juan Capistrano Yes
Santa Ana Yes
Class C.
Class C.
Seal Beach Yes
Class B.
Stanton Yes
Class C if replacing
less than 50%
if more, Class B.
Tustin Yes
Class C residual
Class A commerical.
Villa Park None
Presently reviewing.
Westminster Yes
Class C.
Yorba Linda Yes
Class C.
RIVERSIDE COUNTY
Beaumont
Yes
UBC (1982)
UBC 32-7 (1982)
UBC (1979)
UBC (1979)
Banning
Yes
Blythe
Cathedral City
Coachella
,
Yes
Yes
Yes
UBC (1982-stricter
requiments)
Corona
Yes
Class C UBC (1982).
Desert Hot Springs
Yes
No wood in fire zone
Hemet
Yes
UBC (1979)
Indian Wells
None
Indio
Yes
Class B.
Norco
Yes
UBC (1979).
UBC (1982).
UBC
Lake Elsinore
Yes
La Quinta
Yes
~,'--"";'i'-:.":-,-:,-"
':;~:_~"lo..00'-".<. _ ..~._~~<-.".~_'"
."
Palm Desert
Yes
Class A UBC 32-7.
Palm Springs
Yes
Class C for shingles
in fire area
Perris
Yes
UBC 32-7 (1982).
UBC (1982).
Rancho Mirage
Yes .
Riverside
Yes
Class C.
Riverside County
(unincorporated)
areas.
Yes
Class B & C brush
San Jacinto
Yes
UBC (1982).
SAN BERNADINO COUNTY
Adelanto Yes
Barstow Yes
Big Bear Yes
Big Bear Lake City Yes
Chino None
Colton Yes
Fontana , Yes
Grand Terrace Yes
Loma Li nda Yes
Class B-No wood
UBC (1982).
Class A hillsides.
Class C flatlands.
UBC (1979).
No requirement for
single family residence
UBC.
Class C.
Class A fire zone 2
UBC (1979).
Montclair
Yes
UBC (1982) Class B
inBrush areas no wood.
Non hazardous areas
Class B woodpermitted
(single family)
UBC (1982).
UBC (1982).
UBC (1982)
3 roof limi t.
Needles
Yes
Ontario
Yes
Rancho Cucamonga
Yes
Class B hillsides.
Class C flatlands.
Redlands
Yes
Class B all roofs
in fire zone
Class C shake roofs.
Rialto Yes
Class C.
San Bernadino Yes
Class C below 10 freeway.
Class A fire zone above
10 freeway.
San Bernadino County
(unincorporated) Yes
Class B brush areas
Victorville Yes
Class B North of
Proposed Foothill Fwy.South
of fwy UBC 79
Class C.UBC (1982).
Upland Yes
SAN DIEGO COUNTY
Carlsbad
Yes
Class C.
Chula Vista
Yes
UBC (1982)
Coronada
Yes
UBC shakes must be
Class C.
Del Mar
Yes
Class C. UBC
El Cajon
Yes
Class C.
,
Yes
Class C.
Escondido
Fallbrook
Yes
Class C.
La Mesa
Yes
Chapter 32.
Class C.
Imperial Beach
Yes
Lemon Grove
Yes
UBC (1979).
National City
Yes
Class C. UBC (1982)
Oceanside
Yes
Class C.
Poway
Yes
Class C.
San Diego
Yes
Class C.
San Diego County
Yes
Class B - brush areas.
Class C - flatlands.
Class B.
"
San Marcos Yes Class B.
Santee Yes Class C.
Vista Yes . UBC Wood must be
Class C.
VENTURA COUNTY
Camari 110 Yes UBC (1982).
Fi llmore None
Ojai Yes Class B
Oxnard Yes Class C.
Port Hueneme Yes UBC.
Santa Paula Yes Class C
Simi Valley Yes Class B.
Thousand Oaks Yes Class B
UBC (1982) no wood.
Ventura Yes Class B - No Wood in
Fire Zones:- ----
Ventura County
(unincorporated) , Yes Class B .
,-.'.'-;.,' .
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,
WOOD-SIDNCLE
aoor OONFLACllAnON
ANAHEIM, CAUFOIlNIA
April I., .881
Anear1y-monlinl Ire dmen by 4S- to 5O-mik.
r-hour' t
commercial buildinp and linp-iamily -reli
clences, resultinl in a t50 minion loss. Over
apartment units were destroyed or severely dam-
aged and approximately 1.288 occupants were dis-
placed by the lire.
The lite of the lire. a few blocks &om Disney.
land, was not part of the brushland or watenhed
areas usually associated with wildland fires. Indica-
tions were that 'rapid fire spread was due solely to
untreated wood.shingle or shake roofing and dried
palm tree &onds. combined with high winds. No
iatalities d; injuries were minor.
re area. a an Euclid
Street. was mostly residential. Disneyland and a
convention center were located several blocks to
the southeast. Buildings in the lire area were
primarily two- and three-story wood-&ame struc-
tures with ltucco exterior siding and untreated
wood-shingle and shake rooling. A few buildings
bad composition roof covering or hardboardl lire-
resistive roofing that resembled wood shakes,
Many prage units had built-up roof covering on
Bat roofs,
distances between buildings varied &om 10
feet to as much as 200 to 300 yards. The fire spread
across both Ball Road, a fOur-lane boulevard. and
Euclid Street. a major thoroughfoue.
A 1976 City of Anaheim administrative orde
addressed the wildlife fire hazard in brushland 0
watenbed areas. requiring listed lire-retardant
Class C or better roofing material. protection of
exterior walls. horizontal suriaces and openings.
add spark arrestors. The April 21 fire occurred in a
-Satland" area not covered by the 1976 administra.
tive order. Untreated wood, shakes and shingles
were permitted in Satland areas.
et 4 Communications Center serves the
cities of Anaheim. Garden Grove. Orange, and
Stanton; three dispatchers are on duty during each
shift. The Center routinely dispatches 70 to 80
emergency responses in a 24-hour period. During
the 14 .... he 7:00 pm OIl AprilID 10 7:00 pm
OD April 11. ~ver. Net 4 dispalrhed III reo
IpOftIeS 10 aDs. Many of the 32 ltnIcture re-
sponses were 10 worldnJ Bres. Ei&h~n responses
to Itndure Ires that clay 0l.'CUr1'ed brtween 3:00
am and 8:00 11II. Recognlzinl the .eel _ eztl'a
laelp. the lead dispatcher called in a ~urth elis-
petcher at midniJht. By 7:00 am on April 21. a total
1M Aaaheim Ire was invntipted by Richard ~t, NFPA
Se..... Fift Analysis Specialist, 1M assistance of Anah~im Fir~
Chift lob D. SimplOll, Assistant Chier Mart~1 Thompson, and
Fift Marshal earth E, Men~. is Id<nowI~d&ed and .p-
preciated.
11M hardboard .hinlk product was _ ilkntili~ 1M
ownn ~ported that it was hardboard and Klass Ii~r, 1M rovrr.
inl iI brlirved to ~ lre-reWdant ~.t~d hardboard "'inKl~..
11ae Anaheim ire occurred north or Ball Road at
I approximately 5:30 am on April 21. An electrical
I arc In overhead wires (possibly caused by high
winds whipping power lines together or against the
tnmk of the tree) ignited dead palm tree fronds.
1ne lire Ipread to apartment structures to the
southwest. bryond two apartment buildings with
noncombustible roofing.
u er. 1m 5 Engine 6
and Truck 6 had been elispatched to a ma' r fire in
G en ve on a mutual. . . These com-
ies would hive n rst-due at the Anaheim
ire. with a ~ponse time orless than one minute.
. e rs - assignment
(consisting of two engines. one truck, and a battal-
n d from lire de
headquarters at 5:40 am. and t ~ponse time
ar
At 5:47 am, Net 4 dispatched Anaheim Engine' 5
and Truck 5 to a structure fire in Orange. Almost
simultaneousl)'. Anaheim Engine 7 reported a still
alarm medical aid at Station 7 and requested that
Medic Engine 3 be dispatched to that Station.
Thus, within three minutes, Anaheim had dis.
patched six engines and two trucks to three major
incidents. SinCe Engine 6 and Truck 6 were still in
use in Garden Grove, Anaheim's entire lire-
lighting resources were reduced to bur engines.
First-arriving units at the fire scene reported
fOur or &ve roof fires, some full)' mvolved, and
requested a third-alarm assignment with ten addi-
tional engines. Four roof lires were reported on
West BaD Road and on West Juno Avenue.
When the chief of Anaheim Battalion II arrived.
he requested traffic control and three more strike
teams. and established a command post at Ball
Road and Roberts Streets, one bloclc west of Loara
Street. He then directed all available police. fire,
and civilian personnel to evacuate the involved
buildings and those west of them. 11le residents
were taken to an evacuation center at a nearby
junior high school gymnasium.
Originally. the tactical plan was to contain the
fires to the north side of Ball Road, between Loara
and Roberts Streets. Unfortunately, the Santa An'
?
FIRE JOURNAL - NOVEMBER t9S3
wIDcla ptful up eo eo ..ph carried brands hm
..ood ahlnJJes emKS Ball RoId, where they landed
011 aoother wood-shinp roor. Fire Ipre8d to the
lOuth lide or BaD Road was reported at 5:54 am,
less than leftll minutes after aD initial response
units W Irrived II the scene.
1be command post was relocated to the comer
of BaD Road Ind Euclid Street, one blodt west or
Roberts Street. As iDc:oming unib arrived, some
iDdlviduatly and some in convoy, they were as.
llIned sectors ohhe fire to de~nd and evacuate, or
they were directed to set up exposure lines, per-
form presalvage operations, ...d carry out other
Idiom required during a fire or this magnitude.
Tbe combination ofhot, dry winds and dry wood
roor shingles aD but negated a direct frontal attaclc
on the burning structures. Fire fighters used
monitors (large master streams) and large hand-
lmes to protect exposures and smaller handlines fOr
interior attacks. Despite the elforts or fire fighters
and civilians who manned hose lmes, tbe fire
forced the crews bade toward Euclid Street.
1M fire on the north side of Ball Road had pro-
gressed &om building to building. One apartment
unit was spared, largely because it had a composi-
tion roor covering. On the other side of Ball Road,
the fire bad spread to both the south and west.
Buildings also had lInited south of Palm Lane and
along the east side of Euclid Street.
At 6:41 am, in an attempt to halt the fire' spread.
the fire commander and strilce team leaders set up
. ClDDCentrated IItd: II Euclid Street, ..... .
uturaI break IDOre ... 100 _~ wide IDd a ...
pus .-ea 8djacent to Loan Hi&h xhool Four
minutes "tet. however. severallpot ires ~re reo
ported ~st of Euclid Street, and one resicIeDce
located a bIocl west 01 Euclid h.d a ~D-involved
roor&re,
Four engine companies entered the area Imme.
diately to ntingulsh sPJt fires and attack the roof
fire, A secondary de~nse lme was established on
Falcon and Fann streeb 10 extinguish fire brands
being carried by the winet At 7:26 am; the leader
or the lbilce tum assigned to the sector ~st of
Euclid Street reported that aD fires in that sector
were extinguished or under control.
From approximately 7:30 am 10 9:30 am, fire
fighters made a concentrated elfort to control
major fires still burning within the boundaries of
Juno Avenue (north), Loara Street (east), Palais
Road (south). and Euclid and Roberts Streets
(west). The e&rt was successful. For the rest of the
day, until after 5:00 po, crews worked on extin-
guishment, salvage, and overhaul.
Ultimately. the equivalent of20 strilce teams was
requested, 16 &om outside the Net 4 area. The
total response involved 56 engines, 11 truclcs, 15
battalion chiefs, 2 special equipment apparatus, 7
lighting units, and a IS-man hand crew. This total
included 6 Los Angeles County strilce teams, con.
s" of30
Numerous apartment compl~xes were totally
destroyed in the fire, considered to be the worst in
Anaheim or Orange County history. Other apart-
ment buildings were severely damaged, with roofs
burned off or with the roof and top 800r destroyed,
leaving the first Boor undamaged by fire. An
apartment building with a composition roof, in the
direct path of the fire, was Dot damaged. Fifty-one
buildings were destroyed or severely damaged. In
addition, two commercial buildings and three
single-&mily dwellings were destroyed or dam.
aged, A preliminary estimate of damage was set at
$50 million.
... -
===:>
, .
un
report listed the bllowiDg summary of losses: 53
structures damaged or destroyed, 488 dweDing
unib damaged or destroyed, 1,288 citizens dis.
placed and homeless; 24 vehicles destroyed. 39
citizens and fire fighters treated at hospitals, and
157 citi2lens treated at the scene.
No &talities resulted &om the Anaheim fire.
Several residents sustained minor injuries, two suf.
fered heart attach, md six fire fighters were
treated lOr heat exhaustion and smoke inhalation.
The major lictors contributing to the Anaheim
LEGEND
t1cClRlGlN
[)fi'3 FH DAMAGE MEA
FIRE JOURNAL - NOVEMBER 19113
.. _:~'-.
, ,L;~;,. ,""
----~'
...
~ -..
---
"
lanel or cluriftl unusuall). ~ -....., condltiom.
AI . ftlull or the. 1ft'. the- Cih . AnahPim
pa5H'eI an ordinarK'l' In "I~' 1i82 ~uirinlt noli.
combultiblf' or lirf'.ft'tardanl roor CO\'l'rin[t on III
MW conltruction or ft.roo6ng or ailling build.
ings. ft~IS or thP Ott'UpIIK')' dalSlJicatioll.
Thf' Mw ordinantt cown ttlt- -"I land" arf'as
whPrf' unlft'ltf'd wood Ihakf'S and shingles Wf'rf'
prniously J)f'rmitlf'd, /:.
)
l'Onft.-tlon _ft' ."treated woocI.shlnp. .....
1 neb. and Santi Ana winch.
1M AnaJw.im eo Iltra .on ry m
tlx' Woodwa)' Square ,~ In Houston. Teus, on
Jul). 31. 1m. Both 1ff'S ~re In Iltlud Wf'1S with
_quatf' wMer distribution I)'lteml and public 1ft'
ckpartmt'nt protection; MUMr OCt'urred In brush-
· "HoUlton ConL,ration Spo?.d. A.tTos. aaolIop: "III:
JOURNAL. Vol 74. No lOan..,,' 11180). p 15
I
-- -----
- --
-
FIRE }OUIU\AL - NOVEMBER 1983
':_".'~",' -,,1,"> ~""/""'.'.>>- :""'.:'~'"",,-"'r....-""."':-<,';"~'''''_'__'
San Francleco, CA
(San Francleco Co.)
Examiner
(Clr. 5xW. 152,401)
(Clr. Sal. 118,358)
APR 2 8 1982
.e.; :....,
. Shingle roofs
. c', _~__~c.._..o. .: .c-':' __.
laolt at 'em burn
THE FIRE pear Disneyland that leveled 50 shake construction In heavily wooded areas.
. buildIngs and left 1,200 people homeless San Francisco banned them after the 1926
the other day was caused by electrical sparks Ewing Field fire that historians say was 'the
that Ignited one of t~e area's symbolic worst In The CI.ty since the earthquake and fire
towering palms, But the flames were fed - of '06,
gorg,ed, really - by rustle, wood-shingled rools. Statewide, the approach has been piece-
The flattened, rubble-strewn blocks look meal. Los Angeles County passed a stringent
like the bomb-ravaged ruins oC Dresden, Only ordinance covering Us unincorporated areas, a
the quick evacuation of residents prevented lew years ago, the,n watere~ It down last month
deaths. Had the Cire not been spotted lmmedi- ,alter the apologISts turned up the pollUcal
ately, or had the flre station been a little, heat. ~he City of ~os ~geles Is 8trengthenlng
farther away, death might have haunted the its ordinance banmng non-fire-retar!iant wood.
sileo ' shingle roofing materials from new buildings
and replacements, Orange County bans them In
rural areas,and will move right away to extend
the prohlblUon to urban centers - such 111 the,
neighborhood around Disneyland. . "
A state ban on flammable shingles Is
needed, and bas been proposed. Assemblyman
Ilichard Robinson and Gov. Brown want
legislation that would require fire-retardant'
roofing througbout the state, 1belr proposal
would include new homes, commercial bulld.
ings and replacement roofs.
Industry apologists say that It would add to '
the already prohibitive cost of housing, Not
,necessarily. Tile roofs are comgarable in cost,
though the shake industry's own lire-retardant
shingles are mpre expen~ive. Reduced outlays
lor both Insurance premillms and payopls
should further cut the cost, and the taxpayer-
borne cost 01 fighting the flres would be saved.
Lastly, what monetary value do the Industry's
apologists ascribe to life, or to the personal
poss~ions tbat go up In lIames?
It's long past time lor state ofliclals to acL
Apologists for the shlngle-and::;bake Indus-
try will blame the lire's destruction on the
fierce winds. Some may have the gall to blame
the power line, electricity Itself - or the palm
tree.
, ,
They will have to ignore the fact that the
winds were only sweeping the embers of
burning wooden Shingles from roof to roof.
The sparks and the tree were the matches. The
roors'were the kindling. Apologists now may
wish to blame nature.
The winds cannot be' stopped, of course,
much to the industry's dismay. But shlngl~
roofs can and should be. At least they should be
kept from causing danger In congested .urban
and suburban areas. .
,Bay Area residents should not feel secure
because roof-racing fires have become almost a
spring rite In Southern CaliCornia. Last year, a
shingle-fed blaze ravaged 13 condominiums In
the East Bay city of Walnut Creek, A few Bay
Area communiUes have outlawed shlngle-and-
, ,'"' ,:,-~",,-.-. '~_~:r''''''''''':'' ..... ,< ;"~.'; -., ,....-..-C"......-.,- .
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KNX NEWSI~AD ))))1((((0 1070
EDIT". RI L
"Ill SUH$II .OUIlVAIUJ
LOS M"GlUt, C"llft)RI"IA 90028
'''01t1\2131 ..0,3000 , CIS OWItID
'hla I, OIltt ,,1 ;J coull"ulltO !fml", flI KUX n."II, ndlt"II.-. ..I"...lnU 'he
(JU''''on u' st.""1I ",,","u,m""1' l1n h'I,It:. u, ,,"., '''111,""1 I" Ih. COIn..",,,,,.,.
"~""O"!"''''. '"I""!l'''''''U'f'U' ul VI'IJo"lng ",.,w"UI111' .'. 0'''.'' Ihll
OI'I'o,tUIftI., lu '''Itly on Iho II' II rou mined Ihe broadenl 01 thh "<1110,1.1,
we hope ,uu will ,..., II. You, COIlln..nl, .,. .''''1''_ motl welcome,
UflUfI'" Nlr:hulaw, V'n' ""'!lld.If'. ells n.dlo DI"lllu"
GIIIIUf..1 MUllilO.'. KNX "~Io
SUUJECT:
Banning Combustible Roofs
82-64
BIlOADCAST:
April 23, 1982
8:15AM, 12:15, 6:15, lO:15PM
KNX hopes that out of the ashes in Orange County will come
prevention o+..mbre disasters.
Somehow, Sout.hern Californians still associate massive fire
destruction'witll brushy hillside area. But this week's Anaheim
fire -- the wurst ill the i1rea's histor.y -- should change that
thinking dramatically. 'fhe flames cut a swath through a flat-
laud section of town with deadly speed, fueled by wood-shingled
roofing.
Nany hillside! cUllullunities have learned their fire lesson well.
They've I.wnned use of combustible roufilllJ milterials in new homes
or replacement roofs. But complacency still rules in far too
1I~IIlY Southern California flatland areas. Fire officials say that
congested areas where [ire-retardant roofs aren't required are
simply asking for trouble. What they've got, in effect, is acres
and acres of kindling, ready to receive and send off embers when
adjacent buildings bUp1.
Property owners m_IY object, but requiring non-combustible roofs
is cheaper than the devastation that fire itself brings. The
pr.operty Owner isn't the only one hurt by fire. lIis nei9hbors
are cndan(jered by it, and taxpayers pay for combatting it.
The Allaheim blaze wasn't some flatland fluke. L.A. County
experts say that dUI:'in(j a two ypar period, most blazes starting
011 wood roofs were located in the flatlands. Flre depiH.tments
these: '::'!i~ <ILl! lid.l.",j-prl!s:;ed. Citizens must do t.heir part to
avoid disilstt!r. Tn KNX, that means widespread enactment of
l:ombustible roofin') bailS. The cities of Los Angeles clllt! Irvine
soon will consider such buns. May they and other local leaders
remember Anaheim whcn they vote.
,.,-"! ~.-?-~,:,:!":,~,-. -:'-.. '--~.:"'_.-'f"',"_":: ".~_':r'~- -; .
'. ,'~:"';'~-;"~-:;;";'"
Close Call in Concord
On Hay 21, 1984, in tbe tract known al -The Cro~~ingl. in Concord,
ve came very close ~o having our own conflagration. One house with
a wood shake roof star~ed burning from a fire which originated 1n
the 9arage. Upon arrival of the first fire unit, the ",ood shake
roof of the house next door vas already starting to burn and ~he
vood shake roofs of the two houses immediately behind the burning
house were receiving flying brands and radiated heat. ~he fire
department ",as able to prevent ~he next-door house from burning
fur~her and ~o protect ~he ioof of ~he house immediately behind the
burning house from catching fire. However, they were not able to
prevent ~he roof of ~he fourth "house (the other one behind ~he
original burning house) from burning. That fire quickly extended
into ~he attic, ~hen into ~he rooms below.
Soon ~he fire department was faced with having the first house fully
involved: the roof of ~he second house partly burned and threatening
~o burn further; ~he third house still needing to be protected: the
entire second story, including the roof, of the fourth house fully
involved; '~he wood shake roof of a fifth house, next door to the
burning fourth house, receiving brands and radiated heat; and hot
brands from the two main fires landing on the dry, wood shake roofs
of at least four other houses -- as far as a block and a half away
from the original fire.
Aerial photographs of this fire scene clearly indicate the enormous
potential for a conflagration that this incident presented. (See
photos in documentation section.) Very fortunately, the fire depart-
ment was able to muster additional personnel to protect the other
threatened roofs before one of the flyi~g brands ignited them.
Also, very fortunately, the weather conditions were relatively
moderate that day. Had the 18 MPH wind been a little stronger, or
~he 780 F. temperature been a little hotter, it is very likely that
Concord would have experienced its first conflagration.
,
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1667 SPRINGER R
OAD I M
OUNTAIN
VIEW CA
(BOO) 962-4540 ;I~~RNIA 94040
5) 965-3469
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11187 SPRINGER ROAD I MOUNTAIN VIEW, CALIFORNIA 84040
(800) 862~540 . (415) 1185-3469
,A pool. a c:~y aDd little else are amou, remaJu of a ,lhake-I'OO!
. . : ,I
. No great shakes -'~
. Roof materials susceptible to flames.,. :!
8y F,.nk Woo"'" . Coutra Costa Colplty baS had ;
,.. n-e-. several close calls. he said, but .
. MARTINEZ - The fires that . as yet has DOt had a connagra-
recently burned homes iD L4- tlon. But be cited the Anaheim ,
. fayette. WalDut Creek aDd Mar- fire in April 1982, wbeDwtriD, ~
,tlnez have buttressed the argu- In a palm tree lhort-clrca1tecl.'!
ment of area firefighters that, aDd dropped . spar~ ~ a ~ke ..~
,strict limits -sbould be imposed roof.. ' ".' ,
on the use of shakes and shiDgJes . Flfty-one bulldlnp - homes, ,
as roofing materials. ,apartments and commercial .
Two weeks ago, AsslstaDt buildings - blU'Ded at a 1051 of:~
Chief Robert Rboades of tbe " $50 mllUon.. ; . -,
Contra, Costa Consolidated Fire Tbe industry says there really l
District appeared before tbe Isn't a problem lD Contra Costa .-
Concord City Council to ask that County and that unless untreat-
all sbakes and shingles be 'ed sbake roofs are banned by the .
banned unless they are pressure- state's uniform building code, no
treated witb a fire retardant - local action should be taken;
an expensive process that CaD be Treatment adds 25 percent Ie
done only In the factory, the cost buf:, RhQ4des said, lab- .
An Industry. spokesman oratory tests show that trutecl.'
stepped up to suggest that the shakes aDd shingles _ve a long-;.
council take a lesson from Los er llletime than UDtfeatecl ones. .~
Altos Hills, near Palo Alto. It. "It's always cheaper to have '.
council decision there to Impose hetter roof," Rboades said.
the restrictions proved to be un-. In the recent fire in Lafayette, .-
popular and it was upset by a eight houses were destroyed or :
referendum. damaged. Most had shake roofs, '
"Submit it to the voters," the but one close to the top of the .
Industry man suggested, not slope had a tile roof. Dry brush
knowing that as he spoke several next to the bouse set fire to the
shake-roofed homes in Los Altos wood eves, and the fire burned ,
Hills were burning. . into the house under the tile,
The council. though unaware destroying about balf of tbe
of the Peninsula fire, took bouse.
Rhoades' advice and voted unan- "But this bouse did not con-'
imously to apply tbe restric- tribute to the spreading to other
tions. houses," Rboades said.
Shake and shingle roofs long Fire ChIef Phil Pbillips, of the
bave been a problem for fire- Dublln-San RamoD Services Db-
fighters, Rhoades said. trict, said We Is being used on
"When a fire starta oq one the roofs of most homes now
sbake roof, sparks are going to being built in San Ramon.
land on others," Rhoades said. "But frankly, it's Just a matter
"And as soon as you have three of time before we have to have
houses burning, It's beyond the controls," be said.
capabllities of any fire depart- " bome r~Dt1y wu moved to
ment. It bums until it runs out of
. roofs and houses."
San Ramon from Danville, and
the city required that several
Improvements be made so it
would fit into the existing char-
acter of the neighborhood.
Onl! requirement 'll\'as that its
old ,;bc:ke roof be replaced -
with a new shake roof. There
was DO requirement that the
shakes be treated.
In DaRville, Fire Chief Mike
Bloc!get said that the department
Is considering imposition of con-
trols.
" "There's always the threat of
, a problem of a fire spreading
from roof to roof," he said.
In the Pittsburg and Antioch
area, the Riverview Fire District
Is getting the cooperation of the
cities and builders to ring new
subdivisions with houses with
fire retardant roofs. '
"The most dangerous situa.
tlons would be if a wildfire
. aweeps In and Ignites <<ight or 10
- homes simultaneous!)':' said
Chief Vincent Aiello., "But the '
first line of houses with fire re- :
tardant roofs will prevent that." ,
Rhoades predicts that soon;
fire retardant roofs will be re- !
qui red on all new homes i
throughout the coun~y. i
Building codes WIth that re-
quirement have been adopted by
Martinez, Pleasant Hill, Walnut
Creek and Concord.
Lafayette and Clayton both
follo\1l' county code require.
ments, whicb have no treatment
requirements for shake or shin-
gle roofs. Building inspections in
both cities are conducted by the
county. .
"The county Is our aext ob-
jective," Rboades said. "I'm con-
fident the county will adopt it."
But before the county can take
action it must show that special
local conditions make it neces-
sary to adopt . local building
eode stric1erthan the state's
, model. .
.,' '._" ....C
1667 SPRINGER ROAD I MOUNTAIN VIEW, CALIFORNIA 94040
(BOO) 962-4540 . (415) 965-3469
Contra Costa County Time
April 16, 1985
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1667 SPRINGER ROAD I MOUNTAIN VIEW. CALIFORNIA 94040
(800) 962"'$40 . (4'5) 965-3469
nn f ranti~to TExnmitttt'
~.."',~-'-
.e:;:~J~
~.,*Y7".
Tuesday, July 2, 1985
.
25~
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'fa .1
:"rea
'Los J\ftos
HHls braze
called arson
-.--- - --- ..
Firefighters today patrolled an ee-
rie 1,(XX).acre landscape of glowing
embers where flames destroyed at
le2~ 12 expensive homes in Los Altos
iUlls and injured 10 firefighters, '::
ii' ~
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'"I'his was the fire we had always
hoped would never happen," Louise
, Dronkert. mayor of Los Altos Hills,
s-jd as she surveyed the burned area
from the Palo Alto Hills Golf an~
Country Club parking lot. -'
, SiX bourS after tile fire Degan, flames
Itill burned brightly In BOrne areas
where the fires had skipped about on
blustery winds. '
Pockets of smoke lingered In the
canyons as a fuD yellow moon rase
over the hills. Most houses remained
dark - power bad been turned off
during the height of the fire. The fire
was brought under control by 6:3>
p.m. Fire offlcIaJs estimated the dam-
Igeat tIiOO,lXXl to $750,lXXl a home.
.. A iire Official said: uJt's just like
-, L.A. - wooden roofs, vegetation "ith-
In close proximity to the structures,
Will these people believe It when we
tell them to clear the vegetation? No,"
Los Altos Fire Capt. Ed Hageman
said "conditions were just about right
for disaster." He credited scores of
teen-agers - "1 don't know who they
are" - with helping to save houses
and fight the fire.
One volunteer, 1~)'ear.()ld Mark
Slocum of Los Altos, saw the smoke
;and decided to watch the fire. When
he saw Its magnitude, U) thought I'd
help. It's kind of exciting, helping peo-
ple.1 watered one roof and some wom-
an gave me PI. It kind of makes it
,worthwhile."
" A number of area residents be-
,Ueved the')' saved their homes by re-
. fusing to obey firefighters' evacuation
,~el'& 110 they ~uk!,~ their,~oofs,
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1667 SPRINGER ROAD I MOUNTAIN VIEW, CALIFORNIA 94040
(800) 962-4540 . (415) 965-3469
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THE ARGUS
Sunday, March 24, 1985
~ "_~L~L~._"':':"':"'.~_~ _ ___
,.Co e'. ~~~
A NON-PROFIT CORPORATION '
1667 SPRINGER ROAD I MOUNTAIN VIEW. CALIFORNIA 94040
(800) 962-4540 . (415) 965.3469
-
Blaze in Fremont roof
causes $60~OOO damage
FREMONT - Embers from
paper burning in the fireplace ig-
nited the roof of a house Saturday
and caused an estimated $60,000
in damage, fire officials say.
It took 14 firefighters about 30
. minutes to control the blaze,
'which destroyed the roof and
damaged portions of the ceiling
of a single-story home at 37096
Shasta St., said acting Capt. Mike
Fole~ of the Fremont Fire
Department.
The daughter of the home's
renters apparently was burning
cardboard or paper in the fire-
place when the embers floated up
the chimney and ignited the
wood-shingled roof, Foley said.
The girl left the house while the
paper burned in the fireplace,
and only the family's son was in
the house when the fire started,
Foley said.
A neighbor telephoned the fire
department at 11:30 a.m.
Firefighters estimate the
structural damage at $55,000 and
the loss of possessions at $5,000.
One firefighter received minor
injuries when a portion of the
ceiling collapsed on him, but he
was not taken to the hospital.
Article found by Bernie Lander, Calif. Lifetile In:
~"'1'''~:;;:_\~';:':':>,'-':.
;".-:--,(;,;"-{;,'.O;:-.__:,7,,,
Fr..no, CA
(Fr..no Co.)
S..
(Clr. D. 120,909)
(Clr. S. 143,259)
Jl!L-: The Fresno Bee
Fire danger overh.ead.
In June, 1981 in Walnut Creek, 14.
condominium units were destroyed and 24
more units were damaged in a fire.
In October, 1981 in Chatsworth, five homes
were destroyed by a fire started by burning
embers blown from a brush fire a mile
away,
In April, 1982 in Anaheim, 524 apartment
units were destroyed, leaving more than.
1,500 homeless.
All these fires had a common denominator
- they had untreated wood shake or shingle
roofs. In the Anaheim fire, some 50 buildings
were burned out. The only two left standing
had fire retardant roofs.
To prevent such fires, Assemblyman
Richard Robinson is spOnsoring AB 3797,
legislation, which would require every roof
- both new construction and any exishng .
roofs on which more than 50 percent of the
area has to be resurfaced - to be constructed
with fire-resistant material after Jan. 1,
1983, The fire rating for these roofs would
have to meet a Class "C" rating. Such a
rating, which provides minimum protection,
prohibits. the use of wood shingles and shakes
not treated with a fire-resistant material. AB
3797 has already passed the Assembly. It
now faces a vote in the Senate Governmental
Organization Committee on Aug. 3.
More than 100 cities and counties in
California have already passed ordinances or
adopted codes requiring fire-resistant
roofing in all or parts of their jurisdiction.
San Francisco has required fire-resistant
rnnfc:: fn.. "A~r'" "" no~.-co AD ??O"7 ",nul" ",,,,f
preclude counties from enforcing more
stringent ordinances it they deem it
necessary .
There are many causes for roof fires,
among them brush fires, lightning, fireworks
and embers from fireplaces. While the need
for fire-resistant roofs in high brush areas is
obvious such protective roofing is no less
important in the flatlands: AB :r197 is a
necessary step inproviding this protection. it
should be passed.
o
',<;:-".">
O'(fSLIN SAN kAMON SE-RVIC{$ DISTRICT
General Offices: 7051
Dublin Boulevard · Dublin, California 9~8 · (415) 828-0515
, . !D '
March 6, 1986 t!o I (1} l
, liill /1 fit;!)
'~/? 1 '
b0~D!. c/ly ~ 3 /886 !jJ
'lvG!. 0,.. /)
'lvsP~C~lJl./"1
q'v/)
'CPr.
Mr. Richard Ambrose, City Manager
Ci ty 0 f Dublin
P. O. Box 2340
Dublin,. C~ 94568
Dear Richard:
"," ~.
The Board of DireCtors, ,at its meeting of March 4,
reviewed a draft fire safe roofirig materials ordinance
and referred itto the City Council of the City of Dublin
with the request for adoption at the earliest possible
time. A copy of the ordinance is enclosed, together with
a fact sheet about fire retardant roofing containing a
1983 analysis of types of roofing materials and cost data.
Very truly yours,
~~
General ~lanager
PR:ns
A POLITICAL SUBDIVISION OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA' PROVIDES MUNICIPAL lYPE SERVICES TO CITIZENS OF AMADOR.L1VERMORE AND SAN RAMON VALLEYS
ALAMEDA AND CONTRA COSTA COUNTIES.
...._-------_._--------~.-
I\Il ACHMENT It)
P,ffJD Ldfl1?- ~F 3/ h!80
.,~..2l:1\,,::~-'.-:
Development Services
P.O, Box 2340
Dublin, CA 94568
CITY OF DUBLIN
Planning/Zoning 829-4916
Building & Safety 829-0822
Engineering/Public Works 829-4927
NEGATIVE DECLARATION FOR:
PA 86-046 Fire Safe Roofing Materials Ordinance. City
Council initiated Ordinance Amendment to the Uniform
Building Code as adopted by the City Council by reference.
(Pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21000, et seq.)
LOCATION: The proposed Ordinance Amendment would cover the
entire City. The recommended Fire Safe Roof Areas would be
generally on the west side of the City in the area adjacent
to the hills and on the east side of the City between the
Dougherty Hills and Dougherty Road.
DESCRIPTION: A proposed Ordinance Amendment providing for Class
C or better roof covering for all new apartments, hotels,
dwellings and accessory buildings and for Class B or better
roof covering in the area designated, on an official City
map, as a Fire Safe Roof Area. The proposed Ordinance would
also specifically require that building permits be secured
for re-roofirtg, and that there be at least two additional
roof inspections for the building permit process.
FINDINGS: The project will not have a significant effect on
the environment.
INITIAL STUDY: The Initial Study dated July 16, 1986, is
available for review upon request.
MITIGATION MEASURES: None Required.
PREPARATION: This Negative Declaration was prepared by the City
of Dublin Planning Staff, (415) 829-4916
SIGNATURE:
Laurence L. Tong,
Planning Director
DATE:
A iT ACHMHU II
p~ ;/EifIfT1vf: tn, f0I!- /1 &~ -t)Lj~
,_.:.~~o_.,.