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HomeMy WebLinkAbout8.1, Attch 5 SyntheticTurfOption \ y ~ ~ r r~ '"t~ ~~f.`\ ~ Y.? SI~4~ 1~ .II'•~~ - f~ ` ~L' ! ' ` ` a ~ . . A Fl. e t v. y ~ ~ S ~ ± ~ . : ` ~ . Z 1 . D i IY s~ Y ~,•~tt ~h~ ~ . ~s~ . ~ ~ ~ ' ~i ~ . ~ ~ il~•, ' :y / ~ i, ~ ~ u r~ ~ ~ 1 . c.- , vy,/.ti ~ ~ . n ~~jl I- 1~>' i, 1',, . • . A , ~ • . `0~',,4`~,~" ~ ' 17~:Tf 1 -'S , ~ • . . q A s?! V'^~ L rS~~< \~•~e`l.I~~~ ~.y~ 1 ~~.'~'i 1 M t ~ ' . I . ; Y' ~ ~ 6 11 L • ' ~ N ! ~ ± 1.~., cn.i . ~ t ~ ~ - I. t. X~ ~i'~ :S Q t ~7 v ~ _ +Y . ! " s K 1s~1 S / ~ ~a-'~= 'pi F,Y...; ~ ~ ~ : i - y.." . , o ~ n{ . i 'aS `np~. ~7~~'~. ` ~ • d " F ~-~4 ~ o'' t s~ - , a , ~ ~ ca 1 ~^~-:ii ti:ix a L ~ti ~ . ~~~~,~~Z.~y~~ r , V r ~E ~ ~ e t e i:~ ~ f t L P4 p s I " ~ ' a ~ ~ l . . ~ M1 ? ' 2 ~r ~ ~ ? v ~ IF,i. . ~i'~ ~ y . ~ _ y + , S. - . 3 }a [~s. . y r 7 t~ .'~'13~ f. . - . . . , -Fl,.~ ~k• ~ t4<y ~ ~ . N~~ • 1'. PARK W PY ~ . . . • , K 4~ -c ; t~~ •Ic~ . ~a ' ~ 't ~ M, _ , 7 [ x i.~S.fj au ~ ~t S ; t~.~. ~ x 1 C`:: e} A~ 4 x'` i~- ~ ~ ~3~•.i . L - ~ 1.. ~1I.. ...f ~ ` ~ w: •t ~ ' . : ~R'M Ih _Y%~ ••M ~ ' . ~ . ' ' ~'~~k,ys : ~ ~~.~rt , 4a ~ ; ~ , . . •y e y~ ' , . k.~ N : + ° ~ ~ra s'~c'~.~wk ~i ~ 3.~,~o-~7.'~x , { r Attachment 5 THE SYNTHETIC TURF OPTION The TurF Report: An Analysis oF Synthetic TurF and Natural TurF For Use at Fallon Sports Park Dublin, California Preparedfor The City of Dublin Parks and Community $ervices Department Prepared by William E. Fee ASLA AICP Carducci & Associates, Inc. Landscape Architects & Planners San Francisco, CA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY REPORT February 8, 2008 Copyright 0 2008 Carducci & Associates, Inc. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.0 INTRODUCTION This report is to assist the City of Dublin in deciding on the option of \ synthetic 1fDe elopment at F~on Sports Pa k hn Dublin rCal f tl ia r ~ the Pha In June 2006, the Dublin City Council adopted the master plan for the 60-acre Fallon Sports Park. Phase 1 includes development of approximately 26 acres and the following facilities • 2 Little League fields 1'_, 1 • 2 softball fields with sports lighting • 2 soccer fields with sports lighting (optional synthetic turt) • Basketball and tennis courts with sports lighting ~ - • Walking, hiking and bicycle paths • Parking and support faciiities including restrooms, concessions spectator areas, picnic areas, landscaping and irrigation with reclaimed water. Advocates, opponents, designers, engineers, academics, associa- ~tions, government agencies, scientists and manufacturers have ~ written much on the subject of synthetic turf surfacing. This report includes information from a varie ty o f sources an d fr o m e x p e r i e n ce i n designing synthetic turf and natural turf fields in Northem California T his r e p o rt f o c u s e s o n s y n t h e t i c t u rf a s a n a l t e r n a t i v e t o n a tural turf and omits a direct discussion of the reasons to select one brand of zv synthetic turt over another. The following is paraphrased from a white paper prepared by John Amato, P. E., "SYnthetic Turf SPorts Fields and the Environment" to provide an overview of the factors to consider. Both natural turf and synthetic turf have their place in parks and athletic fields, depending on the situation. Natural turf is suitable in cases where the projected hours of use per week can be limited and where the appropriate level of mainte- nance can be applied. Using a natural turf sports field more than 20 to 24 hours per week will compact the soil and dam- age the turf. This epuates to between 680 and 816 hours per year over a three-season window. Grass is a livin9 thin9 and it can only sustain limited use without being destroyed. . Natural turf should not be used during the rain or when wet. This damages the turf. Overuse of natural turf fields a/most a/ways creates hard non-uniform unsafe surtaces and a reduction in the overall quality of programs offered on that surface. Synthetic turf can be used approximately 3,000 hours a year, which is three to four times the use of a natural grass field. , Because it is designed fo be rapidly draining, play can take place in the rain and after the rain without damage to the turf. Synthetic turf fields are far more uniform and consistent ~a+,j than most natural turf fields and therefore are a safer surface to practice and compete on. In addition they are made of `~`-;s . . resilient materials, much like a children's playground should be, and provide a level of impact attenuation that is difflcult ~ CARDUCCI & ASSOCIATES, INC T H E SYNTHETIC TURF OPTION snN fRANCI5C0, CALIFORNIA FALLON SPORTS PARK • DUBLIN, CAIIFORNIA EX-1 to obtain on hard overused natural turt fields. In the current generation of synthetic turf, the safety surface is located in the simulated grass and not below the turt as in earlier generations. This creates a natural turf-like texture 71.. much like natural turf grown in a soil. ? ' From a use standpoint these infill synthetic surfaces can be used three to four times more than a natural grass field. - To develop a natural grass sports park that provides the use benefit of one synthetic turf field would require at least ` - three natural turf sports fields. Given that one field and the surrounding grading, safe zones, team areas and spectator " areas takes up approximately three acres, then at least nine acres of nafural grass fields would be required for the same net use as three acres of one synthetic field. (Amato, 2007) Natural turt mutti-use fie/d, Capuchino High Schoo/, San Bruno, Califomia 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF SYNTHETIC TURF 2.1 Synthetic turf has improved in quality over the last four decades. The current and fourth generation of synthetic turf has vastly ~improved in softness, resiliency and shock absorption and has playing characteristics similar to natural grass. 2.2 Synthetic turf is manufactured similar to a modern carpet. It is made from monoflament UV-stabilized polyethylene fbers tufted into a synthetic textile backing. The exposed fiber is about two inches long. The reverse side of the backing is coated with an j' i:? ~ ~ y ~ emulsion to lock the tufted fibers in place. The backing is either n e e d l e- p u n c h e d o r t h e e m u l s i o n i s s c r a p e d o ff b e t w e e n t h e t u ft s f o r d r a i n a g e t h r o u g h t h e c a r p e t. Polyethy4ene Fiber 2.3 The synthetic turf carpet sits atop a specially engineered, perme- I able stone base and subsurface drainage system. 2.4 There are no American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) stan- - - . dards for the stone base beneath a synthetic turf system. The - - lack of a standard has resulted in installations with poor-quality gravel that is either hard to grade to desired tolerances or allows little drainage after compaction. (McNitt, 2007) 2.5 An alternate installation to the stone base includes a synthetic polypropylene underlayment panel system that is similar to the -.-a protective material that is used in helmets. ^r;s 2.6 The synthetic turf carpet is filled with a mixture of crumb rubber y r• ~tand sand orjust crumb rubber. The crumb rubber is recycled Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) from used automobile tires. The infill is placed in layers and the carpet is brushed so the fibers stand upright about one-half inch above the infill to mimic blades of mowed grass. Once the synthetic turt installation is Carpet weaving complete it is checked for tolerances, irregularities, and surface hardness described as "Gmax." THE SYNTHETIC TURF OPTION CARDUCCI & ASSOCIATES, iNc FALLON SPORTS PARK - DUBLIN, CALIFORNIA snN FRANCISCO, CALIfORNIA EX-2 3.0 ADVANTAGES OF SYNTHETIC TURF , • ' ' p. .s~ 1 3.1 Quality • Increased hours of use • Water savings • Year-round use ~ - • All-weather play , .P • Decreased maintenance requirements • Cost per hour of play is less • Better-quality play experience in terms of uniformity, comfort, safety and performance ~ • Durability .....T--. _ • Multipurpose surtace opportunity - • Reduced serious injuries • No erosion or mud Natural turf, Rossotti soccer field. Porto/a Valley, • Cleaner uniforms Cafifomia 3.2 Fewer Serious Injuries wtea SyMheHCturt lJVinggnas Afive-year prospective study compared game-related high Totalinluryindtlence ,s.z 13.9 school football injuries between the synthetic turf and natural Minorinjury ,z., 10.7 grass playing surfaces. In the study, a total of eight Texas high SubsWntlal injury 1.9 1.3 schools were evaluated over five competitive seasons. sevam in;ury 1.1 +.9 Five-year prospective study with synthetic tuAvs Synthetic turf had higher incidence of zero-days time loss inju- rvinq qrass. ries, non-contact injuries, surface/epidermal injuries, muscle-re- lated trauma, and injuries during higher temperatures. Natural grass had higher incidence of 1-to-2-days time loss in- juries, 22+ days time loss injuries, head and neurai trauma, and ligament injuries. (Michael C. Meyers, PhD, FACSM and Bill S. Barnhill, MD, 2004) ' In 2006, Jay H. Wiiliams Ph.D., of the Department of Human Nu- trition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, prepared a paper entitled: How Safe Are the NewArtificial Turf Fields? He reviewed the findings of independent studies of Eu- ^ ~ ~d -~-~7=7~ : ropean soccer players and the NCAA Injury Surveillance System TOf th@ 2005 8nd 2006 S@8SOf1S 8t1C1 f8P01't@d: Natural tuAmulti-use field, Mills High School. Mill- brae. Califomia It appears that the potential and risk for injury is not in- creased for athletes playing on artificial turf ftelds compared ~ r; ; to natural grass fields. The potential for head or lower limb injury is low and similar behveen artificial turf and natural , grass fields. Some studies raise the possibility that attificial turf surtaces might actually reduce the risk of some types of injury. (Williams, 2006.) 3.3 Maintenance • No erosion or mud • No soggy soils • No mowing • No fertilizers Erosion at soccer goa/ in natural tarf, San Mateo, • No p@StICIdeS Ca/ifomia • No herbicides CARDUCCI 8 ASSOGIATES, iNC THE SYNTHETIC TURF OPTION snr+ FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA FALLON SPORTS PARK • DUBLIN, CALIFORNIA EX-3 • No re-sodding i~t • No overseeding . • No aerating - '~a; • No weeding ~ • No field rest or closure during rainy season + ~ ~f • Conserves water (also an environmental beneft) ~ • Less annual maintenance cost • Permanent feld markings require less labor and materials 3.4 Eight-year Warranty tt-ton vibratory aspnaltcompactorcompact;nqrne . Quality and durability assurance rop srone • Safety assurance • Easily repairable • Base likely to have longer life such as 20 to 30 years • Insured warranties are available to provide protection to city 3.5 Environmental • Eliminates use of fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides • Uses little water • Does not require fossil fuel consumption for mowing • Uses rubber tire waste • Semipermeable due to its capacity to absorb water • Some storm drainage storage capacity • Some filtration of environmental pollutants • Uses less PVC than natural turt because it does not require irrigation piping • Most of the product is recyclable 4.0 DISADVANTAGES 4.1 Expensive In general a synthetic turt field costs about twice as much to construct as a natural turt field. 4.2 Surface temperature Synthetic turt fields warm up fast on clear sunny days and cool down rapidly when the sun is not shining. Athletes using syn- thetic fields on sunny days may experience high field surface w - temperatures (McNitt, 2007). High temperatures transfer heat _ from the surface to the sole of an athlete's foot, which can contribute to dehydration, heat exhaustion and bums (Forman, 2007). Some people suggest delaying activity if the field surface ` temperature is above 125 degrees F(STMA, 2007). AM Amador and Foothill High Schools in Pleasanton each have a 75,000-square-foot FieldTurt soccer/football field. The fields ~ were installed in August 2000. Carducci & Associates tel- McNitYs test plots ephoned Lou Cesario, Athletic Director, to check on the effect of heat on the use of their fields. He said, "Yes, it gets hotter than natural turf; but it is not a big issue and not a problem during school hours; [we] have rarely or never watered the fields to cool them. Soccer league practices are in the morning when the air temperature is cool." (The fields are almost eight years old and THE SYNTHETIC TURF OPTION CARDUCCI & ASSOCIATES, iNc FALLON SPORTS PARK • DUBIIN, CALIFORNIA snw FRANCISCO, CAIIFORNIA EX-4 the schools will replace both fields this summer with new syn- thetic turt.) Some organizations have installed irrigation systems to cool the r. surface temperatures. Irrigation may have a dramatic effect on W~^` ` surface temperature for a limited time and a limited effect over a • ;~=h~: longer time. During 2004 and 2005, Andy McNitt of Penn State evaluated the effect of irrigation on surface temperatures. The - • application of water significantly lowered the surface tempera- tures of all synthetic surtaces. The temperatures rebounded _ ~-somewhat after 15 minutes and then remained relatively stable at an average 15 degrees F decrease in surface temperature for 200 minutes (McNitt, 2007). In the San Francisco Bay Area counties that are climatically influ- enced by the cooling effects of the Pacific Ocean such as parts of Marin, San Francisco and San Mateo counties, it is not com- mon to water the fields to cool the surface temperatures of the fields. In the Central Valley counties such as Yolo, Sacramento and Placer, it is becoming common to include large pump-driven automated irrigation systems at the edges of the playing areas so that water can be applied to cool the fields as necessary. The inland parts of Contra Costa and Alameda counties have a Im9ation of syntneric turf for cooiing surface rem- transitional climate, partly marine cooling influenced and partly Peratu2s at UC Davis Aggie S[adium inland valley heat influenced. These climatic effects will likely af- fect the surface temperature of synthetic turf fields in Dublin. FieldTurt has provided air and field temperature data from vari- ous fields. The highest field surface temperature shown is 111 degrees F in San Lorenzo when the air temperature was 95 degrees F. Excerpted Bay Area locations are shown below. ~ FieltlName Location Data AirTomp. Fleltl WeatMr (F) Suncce CoiMHions Temp. (F) Amatlor Hioli Schuol Pleasanton. CA 4(7102 9A 107 Sunny Dry DiaDlo Vis[a PaM Danville. CA 8l7102 93 99 Sunny San Joae City San Jose, CA 8/9/02 99 111 Sunny i College Evergreen Valley San Jose, CA 8/9102 97 104 Sunny Collage Foothill High School Pleasanlon, CA e17/02 92 106 Sunny Laney College Oakland CA 9/16/02 78 87 Sunny San Lorenzo Com- Sen Lorenzo, CA 87/02 95 ilt Sunny muniry Park Valley Chna6en San Jose, CA 8/9/02 97 11~ Sunny School Hoover School Perk Retlwood Ciry, CA 3/15103 71 70 PaAy Sunny Recent Rain Alamatle Collage Alametle, CA 3A5103 72 72 Pertly Sunny Recent Rein AlameCa College Alameda, CA 4/14/03 55 57 Partry ClouOy Continues on next page CARDUCCI 8 ASSOCIATES, iNC THE SYNTHETIC TURF OPTION snr+ FRANGISCO, CALIFORNIA FALLON SPORTS PARK • DUBLIN, CALIFORNIA EX-5 FMIdNYme . Loeatlon DaOe AlrTamV- FIeW WutMr I I (F) SuAaw Contlitlom i Temp. (F) FranM.lin Square San Francisco, CA 12/3/03 57 55 PaNy Cloudy Park Gelletl Park Daty City, CA i V26/03 55 62 ParUy Ciouay PitlsDUrg High PfttsDUrg, CA 12/3103 65 60 PaNy Cloudy School 2.;~ / Carbus Fieltl ValleJo, CA 12/3103 60 53 PaNy Cioutly f INTFRMFmATF Milpkas High S<hool Milpites. CA 3A5/03 63 62 PeNy Cloudy TERRACE ! ~w \ SOCCER FIELDS AT ELEVATION 432' ~ Mt Eden Sports Heyward, CA 3H4/03 68 68 Cloudy (SYNTHE7/C 7UF7F , I ComDlex OPTION) J~ Youngblootl Cole- San Frencisco, CA i t/25/03 60 59 Cloudy i { man Perk Preedom Hiqh Oekley, CA 71/1 B/03 63 57 Cloudy / I ~ . _ School \`PERMANENT SI{AD~ I~ $TRUCTURES hND Oaklantl Raitlers Alamede, CA 8/9/02 79 85 Clear (avening, ~EA_FaR-PQP~P ~ .a~ Prectice Feciliry cooling tlown) ` 9h SenMateo,CA 11/18/03 75 65 Clear(evening, BHADESTRUCTURE San Mateo Hi / Schoal cooling aown) Santa Clara YouN Santa Clara, CA 11l18/03 72 69 Clear (evening, I~ Soccer Perk woling down) j t (FieldTurf, 2008) . At Fallon Sports Park, if synthetic turt fields are used, it may be prudent to include space adjacent to the fields where athletes and spectators can take relief from the surface temperature of the synthetic turf field surface on sunny days. These respite areas could include water, permanent shade structures, tempo- rary "popup" shade structures, natural grass, trees, and places to sit and rest. A nearby restroom may also be beneficial to the Fanon sports Park athletes and spectators. 4.3 Health concerns The following is an excerpt from The Artificial Turf Fact Sheet, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 2008: ! . Synthetic tur/includes crumb rubber. Certain materials have ~~'e'a~'~~? been identified in crumb rubber, including: - ' • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) * • Metals, such as zinc and iron ~ • Popup shade structure Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Latex • ~ 4" There are three possible ways that people might be exposed to the materials in crumb rubber. = • Accidentally ingesting small amounts of material by placing fingers in the mouth or not washing hands before eating after playing on the fields. _ . • Breathing in dust created from playing on the field or from 4 ~ n* A14 vapors given otf by the turf. _ • Direct skin contact with the crumb rubber. In response to health concems, several scientific research Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) studies carried out in the United States and Europe have examined the chemical composition of crumb rubber. These THE SYNTHETIC TURF OPTION CARDUCCI & ASSOCIATES, iNc fALLON SPORTS PARK • DUBLIN, CALIFORNIA saN FRANCISCO, CAIIFORNIA EX-6 studies have assessed the potential exposures and health risks for people using turf fields. Based on these research findings, health nsks are unlikely from exposure to the levels - of chemicals found in synthetic turf. However, there are limi- tations to these studies and more research is needed. - Many of the chemicals found in crumb rubber are very com- 'f mon in the urban environment and people can be exposed to ~ these chemicals from other sources. People can be exposed through normal daily activities including breathing air, eating food, and by getfing dirt or dust on their skin. For example, Carpet Stretching rubber dust is created from the wear and tear of tires on roads and is a source of city air and soil pollution. PAHs ~ ' come from the exhaust of engines, smoke from fires and cigarettes, dust-containing soot, urban soil and charbroiled foods. Gasoline, paint, building materials, trees and many other sources release VOCs into the air. (Artificial Turf Fact - Sheet, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 2008) 4.4. May require fencing 8 concrete borders The synthetic turf fields may require fencing to control use and protect it from damage such as automobile access. synrnerrc turf hem ar san Ramon sPorts Park, san Ramon, Ca/ifomia Concrete or borders (like mow bands) are necessary to stabilize the edge of the turf and separate it from adjacent vegetation. This could be combined with adjacent paving. 1, ~ ~ ~.,i~~'~ y' as 4.5. Cost of turf disposal and replacement in S to 10 years There is a burden to dispose of or recycle and replace the turf carpet in approximately 8 to 10 years. The warranty is for 8 years and manufacturers are optimistic that the current genera- ;,;,am eoHiurs ritio 1 tion of synthetic turf using monofilament will last for 10 years. ".EW „tip , 40ieaTxE euntwwauF INSIDttNFWiE1 4.6. Surface more abrasive than natural grass '""m0"'w m N0110`" .o ioeu<o rmwas•xa em The monofilament fiber is slightly more abrasive than natural NowxnoWEw:~E~ NOBI[ICIESONFIfID grass. It can lead to minor scrapes and bums. oTxe¢auLEsiNauoi 4.7. Soccer ball rolls faster and farther on synthetic grass The synthetic grass is slicker and smoother than natural grass that can lead to the soccer ball travelling faster and farther. 4.8 Maintenance + 4.8.1 8-year warranty The S-year warranty requires financial stability to be enforceable. synrneric rurtre9uianon si9n ar san Ramon spon5 It does not warranty for damage due to fire (melting), vandalism, park, San Ramon, Califomia. and damage to the base or base failure. 4.8.2 Need for regulations Need to prohibit and regulate presence of wheels, animals, smoking, barbecue, tent stakes, food, gum, sunflower seeds and beverages other than water. Fields need signs with references to relevant ordinances and permit requirements. The turf needs CARDUCCI & ASSOCIATES, INC THE SYNTHETIC TURF OPTION SAN FRANCISGO, CALIFORNIA FALLON SPORTS PARK - DUBLIN, CALIFORNIA EX-7 to be protected from fire because smoke from burning rubber is hazardous to health. 4.8.3 Need for debris removal Sunflower seeds are problematic; even if prohibited. Gary Hover from Redwood City said it is common to spend each day time, fve days per week to remove debris; depending on the adja- y, cency of trees. On high school fields, Carducci & Associates has observed the players walking in line, the length of the field, to remove debris at the conclusion of team practices. 4.8.4. Need for potable water Synthetic turt field at Valley Christian Center, Dublin Requires some potable water to clean the feld of bodily fluids. , Califomia 4.9 Environmental • Can contribute to urban heat island effect • Materials are petroleum-based and require energy to manu- facture and transport • Cannot capture carbon • Mostly impermeable and can contribute to stormwater runoff • Disposal/recycle burden when replacement is required , P . THE SYNTHETIC TURf OPTION CARDUCGI & ASSOCIATES, INC FAILON SPORTS PARK • DUBLIN, CALIFORNIA snr+ iRANQ5C0, CAIIFORNIA EX-8 5.0 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS The following table provides a summation of the disadvantages and advantages of both systems in a comparative format. SYNTHETIC TURF NATURAL GRASS DURABILITY High Low USEFULNESS 3,000 hours per year -700 hours per year Can use during rain Closed during rainy season SAFETY High Depends on quality of maintenance and wear SURFACE QUALITY High. Depends on quality of maintenance andwear. Has 8 years of warranty. Can vary from high-quality field to mud or natural dirt Soccer balls may roll faster and affecl play compared and dust. to roll on natural grass. INSTALLATION COST Moreexpensive Lessexpensive MAINTENANCE COST Lessexpensive Moreexpensive REPLACEMENT COST Moreexpensive. Lessexpensive Comes with a burden to replace, recycle or dispose in 8 years. COST PER HOUR OF USE Lessexpensive Moreexpensive (OVER 8-YEAR PERIOD) MANAG EME NT Requires regulations and prohibitions to proted the Less regulations and specialized restridions re- surface. Prohibitions include: No food, fires, barbe- quired. Some fencing may be required to keep balls cue, drinks, sunflower seeds, chewing gum, smoking, on field. metal Geats and driving stakes. Also, it may require fencing to control access and use. MAINTENANCE Depends on use and adjacent leaf litter. Requires Requires watering, mowing, fertilizing, spraying, aer- PRACTICES litter and debris removal, occasional grooming, some ating, turf repair, ircigation repair, lirier removal, oc- watering and annual tune-up. casional field rest and closure for repairs and closure due to wet weather. CARDUCCI & ASSOCIATES, iNC THE SYNTHETIC TURF OPTION snN fRANCI5C0, CAIIFORNIA FALLON SPORTS PARK - DUBLIN, CALIFORNIA EX-9 SYNTHETIC TURF NATURAL GRASS EROSION AND SEDIMENT High High, ifwell maintained. CONTROL Source of erosion and sediment, if poorly maintained or overused STORMWATER Filters stormwater Grass can absorb and filter stormwater. FILTRA710N & VOLUME Quality of stormwater infiltration varies by soil type Surface drains rapidly to subsurface system. Some and quality of maintenance: clay soil has a very low detention is required to detain peak flow. water infiltration rate; sand soil has very high water infiltration rate. Highly compacted Gay soils are impermeable and filtration is limited to grass blades, . thatch and roots. URBAN HEAT ISLAND Contributes to urban heat island effecl similar to a Mitigates the urban heal island effed because it EFFECT parking lot because it absorbs and radiates heat. absorbs and transpires water. U SE O F RECYCLED Uses crumb rubber from recycled tires Grass clippings can be left in place to seli compost MATERIALS and add carbon to soil. CARBON Emits carbon due to synthetic manufaduring process Soil can absorb carbon if grass Gippings are left in SEQUESTRATION and construction process, place. Maintenance equipment emits carbon to atmosphere. Maintenance equipment emits carbon to atmosphere. RADIANT HEAT Surface can be uncomiortably hotter than air lem- Surface likely to be cooler than air temperature on a perature on a sunny day. sunny day Use when surface temperature is 125 degrees is not recommended. HEALTH CONCERNS Some concem that Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Some concern that Tertilizer, herbicides, pesticides, is toxic and polluting lawn mowers, recycled water and field paint are toxic and polluting WATER CONSUMPTION Uses less water. Uses more water. Uses potable water for occasional washing of body Uses recycled water for irrigation. fluids and cooling the synthetic surface Uses potable water for occasional washing of body fluitls. ENERGY CONSUMPTION Uses more energy to manufacture petroleum-based Uses more energy tor mowing and pumping water for AND GREENHOUSE GAS materials and construct field. irrigation. EMISSIONS THE SYNTHETIC TURF OPTION CARDUCCI & ASSOGIATES, iNc FALLON SPORTS PARK - DUBLIN, CALIFORNIA SAN FNANCISCO, CALIFORNIA EX-10 6.0 MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS OF SYNTHETIC TURF 6.1 Annual Inspection and testing with the ASTM F355 device to re- cord the surtace hardness (Gmax) of the field and verify that the ~ field is safe and meets the warranty requirements. Y 6.2 Annual contract for grooming and topdressing with "Zamboni-like" machine once per year to maintain a safe and clean fieid. , 6.3 As needed, sweeping, blowing of debris and trash removal de- pendent on adjacent conditions, wind and behavior of users. ASTM F355 device for Gmax testing 6.4 As needed, rubber topdressing of wear spots. (rurtoiagnosrics, 2008) 6.5 As needed, potable water application to clean and cool field for safe use. 7.0 COMPARATIVE COST ANALYSIS ~ The following tables compare the costs of a natural turt field to a synthetic turf field over an 8-year life cycle. &YEAR COST FOR 80,000 SF NANRAL Field grooming TURF flELD W/ SAND DRAINAOE > I,_ L~ Il- h ~ Basad on maximum use of 700 hours per year, 2008 dollars UNR j , ~ ~ Y IiEM COST UNIT GUANTITY COST t FieltlConstruction $5.50 SF 80.000 $440,000.00 Annual Maintanance $20,000.00 YEAR 8 $160,000.00 ~ Renovate Pield in 8 Years $320,000.00 ONCE 1 E320,000.00 ' Water l/se (Recydetl Weter) E6,000.00 VEAR e $48,000.00 •~~TOTALB-VEARCOST $788.000.00 INTERMEOI,ATETERRACE SOCGER FIELDS'AT ELEVATION 432' :(SYNTMETIOTURFOPTION) COST PER YEAR ~ TOTAL 8-YEAR COST/8 , . I VFARS $111,000.00 COST PER HOUR ~ COST PER VEARR00 HOURS $170 e-YEAR COST FOR 60,000 SF SYN1HE11C FO i NCE t TURFFlELD ~ .'ti.}~~~~w~+~~7~'~~~?wj! Based on maximum usa of 3,000 hours par ~ - - - ~ - - year, 2006 tlollars UNIT i~ ITEM COST UNIT QUANTTY COST . I ~ Field Construclion E11J5 SF 80.000 E940,000.00 LOWER TERRACE Annual Meintenence E10.000.00 VEAR e E80.000.00 SOCCER FIELDS AT ELEVATION 423' ~ Renovete FieIE in B Years E6.50 SF 80,000 $520,000.00 /NATURAL TURF) Water Use (POtable Wafer) $1,000.00 YEAR 8 E8,000.00 TOTAL e-YEAR COST 57.618,000.00 ~ COST PER YEAR = TOTAL bYEAR COST/e YEARS 5183,600.00 IF COST PER HOUR ~ COST PER YEAR13,000 - ~ - $66 HOURS ~ 1 Fallon Sports Park CARDUCCI & ASSOCIATES, iNC THE SYNTHETIC TURF OPTION SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA FALLON SPORTS PARK - DUBLIN, CAIIFORNIA EX-11 7.1 Construction costs Construction costs are based on 2008 dollars and the Opinion of ~--:-Cost for Fallon Sports Park, Phase 1, December 2007, prepared .,r.~Y'a.,~+~st by Carducci & Associates. ~ :R~y~Y~1b.{ rhy ~llY `~'i ""R ~+Y, 4 ,-r• 7.2 Annual maintenance costs Annual maintenance costs for natural turf are based on the t annual maintenance cost for the soccer field #4 at the Dublin i Sports Grounds. Annual maintenance costs for synthetic turf are based on the $6,000 quote from Lemar Morrison, Turf Manager, San Francisco Recreation & Parks, (Morrisson, 2005) plus an allowance of $4,000 for an annual contract for grooming and , topdressing. The cost of recycled water is based on water use at 'the Dublin Sports Grounds and Emerald Glen Park from July 1, 2006 to June 30, 2007. j~ 7.3 Annual hours of use Annual hours of natural turt use are based on the City of Dublin 2007 Facility Usage Reports for hours of use of soccer field #4 at the Dublin Sports Grounds and the Emerald Glen Park soccer fields #2, #3 and #4 as follows: Soccer field #4 at the Dublin Sports Grounds: 675 hours of use Soccer field #2 at Emerald Glen Park: 620 hours of use Soccer fields #3 and #4 at Emerald Clen Park: 650 hours of use (including cricket use which involves both soccer fields). , • . In addition, assume 25 to 80 additional hours of unscheduled • ' Natural turf soccer field, Emerald Glen Park, Dublin, use for an average basis of 700 hours per year. California In general the City's sports fields are available for rental from 8:00 A.M. to 10:00 P.M., March 1 through December 15, with additional sports fields open for rental during the winter based on o: clement weather and turf conditions. Annual hours of synthetic turf use are based on a sample warranty from FieldTurf allowing 3,000 hours of annual use ' (FieldTurt, 2008). It is unknown whether actual use would total 3,000 hours per year. 7.4 Basis of life cycle • .~»..~~'i- ~.N.`aww. The life cycle analysis of each surtace includes the natural turt field renovation and synthetic turf field replacement in eight Synthetic soccer and softball fie/d years, equal to the life of the synthetic turf warranty. Based on an eight-year life cycle, including initiai construction, ' maintenance and water, the resuiting analysis shows the cost of the synthetic turf field to be more expensive, however it is three to four times more usable which reduces the cost per hour of use to be about a third of the cost per hour of use of natural turt. THE SYNTHETIC TURF OPTION CARDUCCIBASSOCIATES,iNc FALLON SPORTS PARK - DUBLIN, CALIFORNIA sqN FRANCISCO, CALIfORNIA EX-12 8.0 CONCLUSION Y A: The major differences between the two surfaces: • A natural turf field can sustain about 700 hours of use per year ~ and a synthetic turf field can accommodate 3,000 hours of use per year. It would require about three natural turf soccer fields to accommodate the use that can occur on one synthetic turf field. • ~ , d. .~`ti~ • Natural turf will likely be cooler than synthetic turf on a hot sunny day. The exposure to excessive heat can lead to dehydration, heat exhaust and turf bums. Turf burns can create open wounds t h a t m ay b e a r i s k f a c t o r f o r i n f e c t i o n s. Natural turf • Natural turf consumes more water than synthetic turf. • The long-term cost per hour of a synthetic turf field is less than % ~4 a natural turf field. A high quality synthetic turf field requires Iess maintenance than a high quality turfgrass field. The resources not used to maintain synthetic turf fields can be applied to provid- ~ J' i~ ~ v ing a higher level of maintenance to natural turtfields. • Natural turf fields are closed in the winter due to wet soils. Syn- ~ t~ thetic turf fields are playable in the rain. The synthetic turf fields can be used while the natural turf fields are closed. • The current generation of synthetic turf has a record of less seri- synrneric turf ous injuries than natural turf for body contact sports. • The unanswered health and environmental questions related to , , , . crumb rubber warrant further study by public health agencies. Debates in the northeast United States may lead to studies that may provide better data. There have been no confirmed reports of adverse health effects due to the use of synthetic turf fieids. ~ The health and environmentai issues related to crumb rubber might be long-term issues and not acute or easily recognizable issues. ~ • The synthetic turf may require more fencing and regulations than a natural turf field. The major similarities of the two surfaces: • The quantity of stormwater from a synthetic turf field may be similar to the quantity of stormwater from a natural turf field. The very low soil infiltration rate of approximately per hour of the clay soil at Fallon Sports Park and the soil compaction that results from soccer players may likely result in impermeable soil condi- tions and little water infiltration from the natural turf soccer fields into the native soil. Either surface will require a drainage system to capture, detain and filter stormwater runoff. ~ • Quality of play experience is similar if the natural turf is well maintained and not overused. CARDUCCI 8 ASSOCIATES iNC THE SYNTHETIC TURF OPTION SAN fRANCI5C0, CALIFORNIA fALLON SPORTS PARK - DUBLIN, CALIFORNIA EX-13 ~ .r t. ! 'i ~ ~ , \ • :i~i{;,4 a„ " ~ f ~ ~ j~'`~~. ' ~~'p• ~t~:' ~~~;p \ 77 a~\ - . ~~[y.I ~ , ~ I, ~ t ~ ~k~Y . ~ y ~ ~~~~~.q ~ ' \ ''T `T . ~ . ~ ~'R.. ' ~ Y' R , ' ( r 1 f F~ ~ ~ • -t ~ ~ j ~ ~x - ~ c . ~ ~ , _ ~ ~ ~ , . ~ - ; j`c~Eya~. ~ / i . .lsr . ' ` t'~iy• h '9 D ~ ~ 5 a ~'t'- ~ ' Ac . ~ i X • ~ ~ ~5 ~ ~ . y~~ `+K ? y,~ a9 r • . . ~ ~ pl - / i fy,~,~,~•; 3 e Y l~ r t S~ yy 'yy y` ~ s . ~ d~ t YYtt,, 6 ~ v ~`21 l' y ~ g`,l Lt . R` ~ • .•0 L ~I• e#~~t~i~' s`.• _y 51 N~~Y~-[" K 5 r( - R'{ •'+a 1~ r~ . i ~ x J ~ ' F + '1N~~ ~y~._., ~ ~7"; y.~. . t f ~ a : , t r ~ ~ ' _ e ? 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