HomeMy WebLinkAbout6.1 Variance to Building Code CITY OF DUBLIN 4
AGENDA STATEMENT
City Council Meeting Date: December 8, 1986
SUBJECT: Public Hearing: (1) Request for Variance to Sections
508 and 3804 of the Uniform Building Code and (2)
Request for Interpretation of Sections 42.3 and 42.4
of Ordinance 02-84.
EXHIBITS ATTACHED: 1) Rafanelli and Nahas letter dated October 31, 1986.
2) Sections 508 and 3804, 1982 Uniform Building Code.
3) Section 42.3 and 42.4 of Ordinance 02-84.
4) Draft Resolutions Denying Request.
5) Floor Plan of Building.
RECOMMENDATION: ) Open public hearing.
*2) Hear presentation and testimony.
) Question Staff and the public.
4) Close public hearing.
5) Adopt Resolutions denying requests.
or 6) Direct Staff to prepare Resolutions approving
requests.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT: None.
DESCRIPTION:
Section 11.13 of Ordinance 02-84 provides that the City Council may
grant variances to the Building and Plumbing Codes where the City Council
finds that the variance is consistant with the purpose and intent of the
Ordinance and the variance will not lessen the protection to the people and
property situated in the City of Dublin. The City Council may also consider
appeals regarding interpretation of the codes by the Building Official.
Request No. 1
Rafanelli and Nahas propose to construct eight three-story buildings
containing 96 units as part of the 248-unit condominium project known as Alamo
Creek Village II.
The Building Code requires three-story buildings of this nature to be
constructed with one-hour fire-resistant materials throughout. This would
require all of the interior walls and ceilings to be covered with 5/8" gypsum
board. The exterior walls would be required to have 1/2" gypsum board under
the exterior siding material. All exterior decks, eaves, posts, and beams
must also be protected with either gypsum board or stucco.
Section 508 of the Building Code allows automatic fire sprinklers to be
substituted for one-hour construction if the sprinklers are installed
THROUGHOUT the building. Section 3804 lists where sprinkler heads may be
eliminated. The applicants propose to utilize the provisions of Section 508
to eliminate the fire-resistive construction but are requesting to omit three
sprinkler heads in each unit. These omissions are not allowed by Section
3804. Sprinklers would be omitted in the coat closet, the laundry, and under
the exterior deck, as indicated in Exhibit 5.
Statistics submitted by the applicant indicate that the origin of most
fires is the living room, bedroom, or kitchen. This is the basis of their
request for a variance. That same document also indicates that "GREATER
PROTECTION TO LIFE AND PROPERTY WILL BE ACHIEVED BY SPRINKLING ALL AREAS."
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ITEM NO. COPIES TO: Rafanelli and Nahas
DSRSD Fire Dept.
File
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If a fire occurs in the closet, laundry, or exterior deck, the
sprinklers in the adjoining rooms will not put the fire out at the point of
origin. Although the statistical information is not specific with respect to
the decks, fires have originated on decks because of barbecues. In the
opinion of the Building Official, the granting of this variance will lessen
the protection to the people of the City of Dublin and the property situated
therein. The Fire Chief concurs with the Building Official's position.
Request No. 2
A second variance has been requested relating to the use of plastic
drain waste and vent pipe. Sections 42.2 and 42.3 of Ordinance 02-84 limit
the use of plastic pipe to two-story residential construction.
The following is the background relating to the use of plastic pipe.
The 1979 Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) limits the use of plastic pipe to two-
story residential construction. The 1982 UPC expands the use to any building
where combustible construction is allowed. This change resulted in litigation
between the California Department of Consumer Affairs and International
Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO), the publishers of
the UPC, because an environmental impact report was not prepared prior to
incorporating these changes into the UPC.
Additionally, the City is required by Section 17922 of the Health and
Safety Code of the State of California to adopt ordinances that impose the
same requirements as the California Department of Housing and Community
Development (HCD). HCD is preparing an environmental impact report but has
retained the language of the 1979 UPC as it pertains to the use of plastic
pipe. Similarly, the City of Dublin also uses the language of the 1979 UPC.
If a variance is granted, the City and the applicant run the risk of
being involved 'in litigation for failure to provide an environmental impact
report.
As a result of recent conversations, the applicant is now requesting
that the phrase "ABS and PVC installations limited to residential
construction, not more tha two (2) stories in height" be interpreted to permit
the top two stories of a three-story building to utilize plastic pipe. The
first story would use metallic pipe. The applicant has indicated that some
cities are allowing this type of installation. However, in the opinion of the
Building Official, the Code is intended to limit the use of plastic pipe to
residential buildings not more than two stories in height. Again, there is a
risk of becoming involved in litigation because of the environmental impact
report issue.
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Rafanelli and .,Na has
Real Estate Development` .t x,� `'� _�,` erry 98
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October
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Mr. Vic.Taugher
i K i Yy4 fY1 SY
City.of,Dublin Tr Fv,e�
P.,0. 'Box •2340
Dublin,;.CA '94568 r _
RE: Three-Sto Buildin' Alamo Creek,-,-Village V
ry gs,
Dear Vic:
This letter will summarize our .conversation ori`Wednesday, ;October 29,
'1986.-!. W are proposing to construct.248 condominiums,on.Village II of
„ the Alamo.Creek project., Eight buildings (96 units)', are'.three-story,
one bedroom units. Under •the provisions of the code we ,the'.'
alternative of constructing these with fire sprinklers,-or,'•making the
one hour substitution per UBC Section 508 f <y
TAben this project was first reviewed, there was concern about the
available pressure and pipe sizing in the -subdivision. :'.Subsequent to
our early discussions, Dublin/San Ramon Services District increased the
available pressure at their connection point (Turnout #2) . - We have
increased the sizing of our mains within the subdivision; providing a
12 inch loop through Villages II and III. I believe this has resolved
the early questions regarding available fire flows. Nevertheless, as I .
mentioned, it is our preference to construct these units with a fire
sprinkler system because the requirements of one-hour construction in
our entry corridors is architecturally inferior to the heavy timber
. which we are using throughout the project. Furthermore, it has been
made clear to us that the Fire Protection District is very much in
favor of fire sprinklers in these three-story buildings.,
A separate issue which is related to the fire sprinklers and which has
significant cost impacts, is the type of plumbing pipe required for the
buildings. It is my understanding that as a result of a lawsuit, the
State is still operating under the 1979 plumbing code which required
cast iron plumbing in three-story buildings. It is my further
understanding that the City of Dublin can grant a variance to the cast
iron requirement. You expressed reservations with regard to the use of
plastic pipe in a one-hour building because the pipes penetrate the
one-hour envelope. Sprinklered buildings obturate_this concern.
We would like to apply for a variance which will allow us to utilize
plastic waste and vent pipe in these buildings subject to our agreement
to provide sprinklers. We would propose using a CPVC sprinkler pipe in
the solid joisted areas and copper piping in the attics with a four
head, attic sprinkler system. We would provide sprinkler heads in all
sleeping and living areas. _ _ __ __�_-- ---------_--
�' V (� •E�$� tea,� �s
20638 PATIO DRIVE,CASTRO VALLEY,CA 94546 (415)537-0486
Mr. Vic Taugher October 31, 1986 Page 2
This would be an exception to the 1985 NFPA Code, but is common
practice in many jurisdictions and is supported by the statistics on
fire losses. Enclosed is 'the data which was provided by Steve Foster
regarding the use of sprinklers in closets; bathrocros and off living
roan decks.
We believe that this trade-off is logical and will result in a quality
installation which we can afford to build. Please advise me of the
necessary procedures. As always Vic, we appreciate your cooperation
and will be respectful of your judgement in this matter.
Co2/1 dially,
C. Nahas
Enclosure
RCN/ds
cc: Chief Phillips, DSRSD
Mr. Steve Foster, Diversified Fire Protection Services
Mr. Roy Gillette
507-510 UNIFORM BUILDING CODE
EXCEPTIONS: 1.Towers,spires and steeples erected as apart of a building and
p not used for habitation or storage are limited as to height only by structural design if
completely of noncombustible materials,or may extend not to exceed 20 feet above
the height limit in Table No.5-D if of combustible materials.;(=,, ,= -.
e hei ht of one-story aircraft hangars shall not
r 2.Th - g o ry g be limited if the in ing is
provided with automatic sprinkler systems throughout as specified in Chapter 38 and
.'is entirely surrounded by public space,streets or yards not less in width than one and
one-half times the height of the building:
i'
[` .. . _
'i 4.Section 1715,Atriums. --
:" _ See Chapters 6 to 12 inclusive for special occupancy pro�lsions.
` .
E Fire-resistive Substitution
Sec.508.Where one-hour fire resistive construction throughout is required by
this code, an approved automatic sprinkler system,as specified in Chapter 38,
s t; may be substituted,provided such system is not otherwise required throughout
" the building.
' EXCEPTION:Such substitution shall not waive nor reduce required fire-resis-
i five construction for -
1. Occupancy separations[Section 503(c)]-
2. Exterior wall protection due to proximity of property lines[Section 504(b)].
T I 3. Area separations[Section 505(e)].
1' 4. Shaft enclosures(Section 1706).
5. Corridors[Section 3305(g)and(h)].
6. Stair enclosures(Section 3309)-
7. Exit passageways[Section 3312(a)]. -_
( 8..Type of construction separation(Section 1701).
9.Atriums constricted in accordance with Section 1715-
i Arcades
Sec.509.Arcades connecting buildings and used exclusively as passageways
need not be considered as adjacent buildings for the provisions of this chapter
provided that the walls of the building adjoining the arcades are finished with the
same construction as required for the exterior walls of the building, with no
communicating openings between the arcades and the building,except doors;and
provided that the arcades are of not less than one-hour fire-resistive construction
or of noncombustible materials, fire-retardant treated wood or of heavy timber
construction with 2-inch nominal sheathing.
Sanitation
t Sec.510.(a)Water Closet Room Separation.A room in which a water closet
!} is located shall be separated from food preparation or storage rooms by a tight-
fitting door. -
# (b)Floors and Walls in Water Closet Compartment and Showers.In other
IEQ, than dwelling units,toilet room floors shall have a smooth,hard,nonabsorbent
surface such as portland cement,concrete,ceramic tile or other approved material
'. which extends upward onto the walls at least 5 inches.Walls within water closet
compartments and walls within 2 feet of the front and sides of urinals shall be
56
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414
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UNIFORM BUILDING CODE ' 1982 EDITION - 3802-3804 j
Group A,Divisions 2,2.1,3 and 4 Occupan- construction,the automatic sprinkler system may be omitted from operating,deliv-
ery,cardiac,X-ray and intensive care rooms and patient sleeping rooms not exceed-
ing 450 square feet in area when each such room is provided with smoke detectors
sprinkler system shall be installed in specific connected to a continuously attended station or location within the building.
follows:Under the roof and gridiron,in the tie Increases for area and height specified in Sections 506(c)and 507 shall not apply
:s behind the proscenium wall of stages; over when this exception is used.
i00 square feet in area;and in dressing rooms, 2.In jails,prisons and reformatories,the piping system may be dry,provided a
ory to such stages or enclosed platforms. .3 manually operated valve is installed at a continuously monitored location.Opening
or enclosed platforms open to the auditorium room on ` ? of the valve will cause the piping system to be charted.Sprinkler heads in such
systems shall be equipped with fusible elements or the system shall be designed as
platforms and their accessory rooms. = required for deluge systems in U.B.C.Standard No.38-1. !
j.p.
le-wall sprinklers with 135°F.rated heads with heat- Sprinkler System Alarms :;;
nd the entire perimeter of the stage at points not more Sec.3803.When serving more than 100 sprinklers, automatic sprinkler sys-
ron nor more than 6 inches below the baffle plate. terns shall be supervised by an approved central, proprietary or remote station :[
closed platform areas less than 4 feet in clear height service or a local alarm which will give an audible signal at a constantly attended
table storage and lined on the inside with materials Y
i
sistive construction. location.
pancies.An automatic sprinkler system shall be permissible Sprinkler Omissions
,sed as Group B,Division 2 Occupancies where 1 PP
Sec. 3804. Subject to the approval of the building official and with the '
are feet on any floor or 24,000 square feet on all )
Gail sales occupancies more than three stories in concurrence of the chief of the fire department, sprinklers may be omitted in
rooms or areas as follows: t;c
1. When sprinklers are considered undesirable,because of the nature of the
i combustible storage,fire protection shall be in P
contents or in rooms or areas which are of noncombustible construction with
wholly noncombustible contents and which are not exposed by other areas. 1 '
. Basements. An automatic sprinkler system
classified as a Grou E Occupancy when the Sprinklers shall not be omitted from any room merely because it is damp orof fire- a
P P y resistive construction. t l
ire feet in floor area. 2. Sprinklers shall not be installed when the application of water or flame and
l-
:ler system shall be installed in enclosed usable water to the contents may constitute a serious life or fire hazard, as in.the t1.
Group E Occupancies.See Section 3309(f). manufacture or storage of quantities of aluminum powder, calcium carbide,
Division 1.A fire-extinguishing system shall be calcium phosphide, metallic sodium and Po tassium, quicklime, magnesium r 1
)ccupancies larger than 1500 square feet in floor powder and sodium peroxide.
3.Safe deposit or other vaults of fire-resistive construction,when used for the
fishing system shall be installed in Group H, storage of records,files and other documents,when stored in metal cabinets.
ig 1580 square feet in area. 4. Communication equipment areas under the exclusive control of a public
all be installed in rooms of Group H,Division 2 communication utility agency,provided:
r combustible liquids are stored or handled in A. The equipment areas are separated from the remainder of the building by
th in Table No. 9-A, or any combination of one-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation;and
allons. B. Such areas are used exclusively for such equipment;and '
all be installed in paint spray booths or rooms. C. An approved automatic smoke detection system is installed in such areas i•Y .
fishing system shall be installed in Group H, and is supervised by an approved central, proprietary or remote station
an 3000 square feet in floor area. service or a local alarm which will give an audible signal at a constantly i:.j
fishing system shall be installed in Group H, attended location;and
in one story in height. D. Other approved fire-protection equipment such as portable fire
extinguishers or Class II standpipes are installed in such areas.
f automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in g
5. Other approved automatic fire-extinguishing systems may be installed to
spitals of Types I, II Fire-resistive and II One-hour protect special hazards or occupancies in lieu of automatic sprinklers. :
x 585 is
4.
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Section 42.2 Section 314(a), Chapter 3: Repairs and Alterations. Section 314(a) on pages 29 and 30 are
deleted.
Section 42.3 Section 401, Chapter 4: Materials. Section 401 on page 37 is amended to read:
Section 401 Materials.
(a) Drainage pipe shall be cast iron, galvanized steel, galvanized wrought iron, lead, copper, brass, ABS,
PVC, or other approved materials having a smooth and uniform bore, except:
1. That no galvanized wrought iron or galvanized steel pipe shall be used underground and shall be kept
at. least six (6) inches (152.4 mm) above ground.
2. ABS or PVC installations limited to residential construction, not more than two (2) stories in height.
(b) Drainage fittings shall be of cast iron, malleable iron, lead, brass, copper, ABS, PVC or other
approved materials having a smooth interior waterway of the same diameter as the piping served and all
such fittings shall conform to the type of pipe used.
1. Fittings on screwed pipe shall be of the recessed drainage type. Burred ends shall be reamed to the
full bore of the pipe.
2. The threads of drainage fittings shall be tapped so as to allow one fourth (1/4) inch per foot (20.9
mm/m) grade.
Section 42.4 Section 503, Chapter 5, Materials. Section 503 on page 45 is amended to read:
Section 503 Materials.
(a) Vent pipe shall be cast iron, galvanized steel, galvanized wrought iron, lead, copper, brass, ABS,
PVC, or other approved materials; except:
1. That no galvanized wrought iron or galvanized steel pipe shall be used underground and shall be kept
at least six (6) inches (152.4 mm) above ground.
2. ABS or PVC installations limited to residential construction, not more than two (2) stories in height.
(b) Vent fittings shall be cast iron, galvanized malleable iron or galvanized steel, lead, copper, brass,
ABS, PVC, or other approved materials, except that no galvanized malleable iron or galvanized steel
fittings shall be used underground and shall be kept at least six (6) inches (152.4 mm) above ground.
(c) Changes in direction of vent piping shall be made by the appropriate use of approved fittings and no
such pipe shall be strained or bent. Burred ends shall be reamed to the full bore of the pipe.
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13-42 SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
adjoining sprinklers, thus delaying their operation. Baffles 4-5.1.2 Distar
shall be located midway.between sprinklers and arranged Lines. Sidew
to baffle the actuating elements. Baffles may be of sheet 10 ft (3 m)
_. metal about 8 in. (203 mm)wide and 6 in. (152 mm)high. Occupancies a
When placed on branch line piping,the top of baffles shall Light Hazard
extend 2 to 3 in. (51 to 76 mm) above the deflectors. (See
Figure A-3-15.5.4.) 4-5.2 Protect-
4-4.20 Small Rooms. Small room means a room with a Occupancy.
smooth ceiling area not exceeding 800 sq ft (74.3.m') of 4-5.2.1 Witt.
Light Hazard Occupancy classification: tion area per
with the distal
4-4.20.1' Within small rooms sprinklers may be located of 14 ft (4.3 n
not over 9 ft (2.7 m) from any single wall; however,
sprinkler spacing limitations of 4-2.1.1 and area limitations 4-5.2.2 Witl
of 4-2.2.1.1 shall not be exceeded: plasterboard, l
tion area per
4-4.20.2 In hotels, sprinklers may be omitted from with the distal
bathrooms not exceeding 55 sq ft(5.1 m')with noncombus- of 14 ft (4.3 r
tible plumbing fixtures and with walls and ceilings combustible st
Y surfaced with noncombustible materials. material,the 1
120 sq ft(11.1
4-4.21 Theater Stages. Sprinklers shall be installed lines not in ex
under. the roof at the ceiling, in spaces under the stage Exception: 1
either containing combustible materials or constructed of permitted be
combustible materials; in all adjacent spaces and dressing attached direc
rooms, storerooms, and workshops. When proscenium klered conceal
opening protection is required a deluge system shall be
provided within 3 ft (0.9 m) of the stage side of the 4-5.3 Protect
proscenium arch, with open sprinklers spaced up to.a and Occupan
maximum of 6 ft (1.8 m)on center and designed to provide
a discharge of 3 gpm/lineal foot [(37 L/min/)m] of water 4-5.3.1 Witt
;;
curtain, with no sprinkler discharging less than 15 gpm I tion area per
.. .
: (56.8 L/min). . with the dista:
of 10 ft (3 m)
14-5' Spacing,Location and Position of Sidewall Sprin-
j klers. (See 3-16.2.5.) 4-5.3.2 Witt
4-5.1 Distance Between Branch Lines and Sprinklers plasterboard,
on Branch Lines. board or othe
4-5.1.1 Distance Between Branch Lines. Rooms or per sprinkler
bays having widths in excess of 15 ft up to 30 ft (4.6 m to distance betw,
9.1 m) shall have sprinklers on two opposite walls or two (3 m).
opposite sides of bays with spacing as required in Section Exception: 1
4-5 and sprinklers regularly staggered. Additional branch permitted be
lines shall be provided in rooms over 30 ft(9.1 m) in width attached direc
except where special sprinklers are used (see 4-1.1.3). klered conceal
I 100.01• - 4-5.4' Positi
e Rectors shall
Sidewall Sprinklers more than 6
1 unless special
° I 1 position advi
distribution.
y Exception N
may be posit;
For SI Units: 1 in.=25.4 mm; 1 ft=03048 m. noncombustib
Exception N.
Figure 4-5.1.1 Spacing of Sidewall Sprinklers Under Combustible may be positii
Smooth Ceilings,with Light Hazard Occupancy. on which it is
FIRE STATISTICS 147
.,j.. .: 1984 FIRE ALMANAC '`
148 'Dr. Louis Derry, "Fatal Fires In America: How They Happen.Where They Happen, j
of residential multiple-death fire experie ' ow To Stop Them, Fire journal,Vol.73,No.5(September 1979).p.67. .
s_• See NFPA 74,Household Fire Warning Equipment-1980.
resented to help reduce the loss of life in these fires. H P j
a result of the NFPA's continued study s
several strategies can be p "Such as Operation EDITH(Exit Drills In The Home)as supported by the NFPA and
i.
The installation and proper maintenance of smoke detectors in individual • '
holds.° See NFPA 13D,Sprinkler Systems for One-and Two-Family Dwellings-1980 `
u n the study of the many factors that contribacta to the large loss of hfe.iit they Fire Marshals Association of North America.
Based Po Ian.
fire,this one precaution could have a significant imp
plan and practice a home escape P
rovide the most cost effei:tiv j
2. Encourage families wih top rwill on available today.10
When used with smoke detectors, this strategy will p 1e rote Y
easily Implemented,and effective life saving p priority within the p P
g, Establis h.public firesafety education as a P y.
community. tact themselves, their families, and friends from'Sra Ignition Scenarios of One ' and:Two-Fatality Fires
People must be taught to pro accomplish strategies i and 2 above,and.to
This should include public campaigns to accomp stora a and Profiles of Fire Victims
teach the safe use and installation of alternative he
devices.the proper g,
Examples of lives saved as a result of ongoing public education programs ere. Ignition Scenarios of One- and Two-Fatality Fires
and handling of flammable liquids.and the identification and correction of home
hazards.Examp
numerous. . sequence, n the propert.4 In a September 1979 Fire journal article, "Fatal Fires in America," Dr. Louis i
4, Remove the cigarette from the ignition seq changing
octant that fire protection leaden Derry examined the ignition scenarios of fires that resulted in one or two fatalities
In recent years,there has been much discussion raga ing
cigarettes to mere focrsnuch ange fns Isoontasppossible. While other work*itb (82 percent of all fire deaths are concentrated in such fires). The results and
continue top such as improvements in the.,
discussion presented here are based on that article.
long-range impact is currently beige ape• Introduction
holstered furniture, act of more firesafe cigarettes woulal e
resistance of upholstered reside" A fire scenario is a chain of events bringing together a source of heat and a combustible
immediate and long
methods to implement the use of , material under conditions suitable for ignition. Break the scenario by eliminating or
5. Continue to research and develop modifying the heat, the material,or the circumstance uniting these,and the fire will not
sprinkler systems." stems using speciA y 8 g i
coven that residential sprinkler both economical,0 occur. Review of fatal fire reports soon leads to the conclusion that a small number of
Recent research hasp m scenarios recur in the ignition of fires and lead to many fire-deaths. If these ignition
designed fast-acting heads and domestic water P P have beguab scenarios can be identified in detail and possibly broken, the savings in lives could be
effective.Further resear d has
ootels.Several communities in the st i ductions on.6n substantial.
protect existing hotels n primarily in response ri residential sprir!0° For example, in the most common types of one- and two-fatality fires (32 percent)
require such systems in new homes•p s-19lo' cigarettes ignite either upholstered furniture in living areas or bedding in sleeping areas. i
or One-and Two-Family lhple-d60 Engineer a cigarette that is less likely to ignite upholstery and bedding, engineer the f
departments•The research and Systems fnt standard covering
systems(NFPA 13D, Sprinkler pion scenarios developed in the study high leveld upholstery and bedding to better resist ignition,or educate and motivate the smoker to be
relied upon common ms
the will provide a very g ]pSlt more careful,and these two deadly chains leading to 32 percent of the deaths in one-and
fires.When such systems are in common use. Y two-fatality fires are broken.
protection to the occupants of dwellings.A reduction in the number of lives..
residential fires should follow the increased use of residential sprinklers.
;� Ignition Scenarios
The leading ignition scenarios for one- and two-fatality fires are shown in the table
below.These scenarios account for over 50 percent of the deaths.
Vo: Il,ghlights of this ranking are:
References "Fire journal,; Cigarettes:The top two scenarios account for 32 percent of the national deaths in one-
Jones. Multiple-Death Fires In The United States, r and two-fatality fires. In these scenarios, cigarettes ignite, respectively, upholstered .
on C.Jones• 10 1982."Fire jour furniture in living areas and bedding in sleeping areas.In all,cigarettes are responsible for
No.4(July 19831,rter,Jr.,"Fire Loss In The United States During Ignition in 5 of the top 18 scenarios.
Michael]. Boston: National Fire 1'f°: Motor Vehicle Crashes: The third and tenth ranking scenarios involve the ignition of
77,No.5(September 1983),p.44. Fire Protection. ( fuel
'Percy Bugbee, Principles of Cl vehicle crashes.
t Boston:National Fire Protection Association king Ignition:In 3 of the leading scenarios,clothing on a person is ignited.
Association),1978,p.13• Iicatin
'Paul R.Lyons,Fire in America,( t to g and Cooking Equipment:This equipment provides the heat of ignition In 6 of
q;' Fire Journal, Vol. Rr$p scenarios.
SNFEA 101, Life Safety Code-1981•p.ix.
e e, "Our Schools: How Safe Are They 0' geare8 Areas of Origin: Residential areas dominate the scenario list: living area,
Paul E. Teague, g
(November 1978),p•21• "Human Fatalities From Unwanted Fir. epin kitchen. i
'Walter G.Berl and Byron M.Halpin• 105.
journal,Vol.73,No.5(September 1979),P• 1 LI
i
142. 1984 FIRE ALMANAC a;11
:.
FIRE STATISTIC
Ignition Scenarios for Accidental Multiple-Death Fires • :,.,.; ,j;7, i; 143
S-
- in Residential Properties;(1973 to 1982)
" ' Auxiliary-Heating Related Multiple-Death Fires
sand A
in Dwellings
Total x
,= g partments,1976-1982
' Form of Heat of Ignition' Form of Material Ignited Arse of origin Ins. ,'Deaths_
,.:
Living Room 18.9-te5
n - Bedrm I♦p. n. u! r.c � .
Upfnlel«ed Fiarnaoe
Dining Room 0.1-b1 [ Or..e ewm f..corn `'•`. t
.. .. .. Maam of Egress 0.2-02:,�
.Bedroom 6./=n1.9•
Bedding .U_V 40
;.Crgaraee Trace vAcMn
29.1%.., Living Room 0.3
soft Goode(a!er than bedding)L�9.«o°m o 1-b 11, 3 0 .
Living ROOp 0.3_02.. 7.
Dow Fume" Living Room .0.1.-05.
:..'Living Roam 3.4-3_2. - 20 _-
V CoKeale"Ibor/ceilinp space-7.6-1.6 E
Concealed Wan Spice
�Klydnen
San,"al Gomppwd BWroom 0.0-0.7`r 10 -
conceal"R_Uceiling Span
�8 OS
_ Closet �
0.0-00'35
.J 0
. .. Stage Area(Ottw than"beet)-V
Bad-
- LidngRoom 1.3-12it•' 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982
ENCtnul Equtpmm Cads InWhon KectMn 0.1=0.1'
-. Arcigoroverbised BeOdg Bedroom 1.2-t.in Year
15.1% Solt Goods(t30wlln beddng)-Lmnq PO 00.s-.0.5,
F Bedroom 0.3-02!
" Uphohlered Furniture -L."Room 0.0
.. Newpapers.Books.Decorubm.Toys,arc.-Living Room 0.3-03:
Chnxmas Tras Livrg Room - 0.3-0A .
Beddvg "Bedroom 2.6-2.31 .
Upfnhfe,ad FU vre Living Roorn
MarclvLgh1« sdn Goods(Odwwnwdddwl _=Closet t - u.�-u�' < Auxiliary Heating Related Deaths in Multiple-Death Fires
7.0% in Dwellings and Apartments 1976-1982
Newlpapsr.Books.Dec««bra.Toys.elc.-Living n, 0.1--0.i'
LivirV Room 3.8-3. 200
Structurel Compoard Kachen 1.1--12i,,
Solid Fueled Equipment concealed wan Space 0.3-02 cw...r.,°°i"^cO-"'°• .
6.4% Upholstered Fumiture Living Room 0.6
,vn ®r,ne.rrra u.,.
.CookingMaterials Kitchen from Pqe«Codew O.eLiving Room 0.6 X0.7,• 150 Gas Fueled Equipmend Stnrdwel Cornponard� Kitchen 0.1=-0.e: -
4.4% Heating Equipment Room 0.4=0+-
w ..
Soft Goods(Otl than bedding). Bathroom 0.] �b.7:,. ..
Kitchen 0.3
Cooking Material Kitchen 0.9 ,-
eeaoom
Property Owairg Beea+g living ROam O.s-o.6 0 100 -
Ew.vicalEcluorroN Uphdsts FurrMOe Living1 0.8 -
3.6% Soft Goods(Other than beddnq) Bedroon 0.1 -
St"cta'alcomporwd Livkg Room 0.1
�' Vptwat«ed FurtMUre linrbp ROOm 0.7�_ 11
Solt Goods(gear then beddng) Living ROOn0.7 '�0.7
Bwdig .. .' Beao«n 0.6 {y�:.
ce- N"vap«s.Books.Decorations.Toyssx-Lmng ROam. OA 77-1 . 50
3.0% struaoal ce ntoo e t Uvi gRoom OA� W:.
Other Furnit" Living Room ..0.3-�"'.._ !'
. - Living Room 03.
Fuel Kitchen 0.3�0 3:' e} -
BeOroom
.Liquid Fueled Equipnam�Stn,ou.t conponers Kitchen 0.3_r0�, .
1.7% Os peu iv g O:
1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 '
a.'•S Year
Calculation #2 at 26 gpm (15.5 psi) from Sprinklers "R" and C" 4-4.4 To size .piping for systems with an elevated tank, pump or pump-tank j
combination,determine the pressure at the water supply outlet and proceed through steps
1st Floor• Steel pipe Individual Net
loss total (c), (e), (g), (h), (i), (j)and(k)of 4-4.3.
s, Water.pressure in street I 4-5 Piping Configurations. Piping configurations may be looped, gadded straight run,
b, Arbitrarily",selected ipe,size /ih 3 �8 or combinations thereof.
c:'.Deduct .meter loss.:(size) 0 &
d: Deduct;loss Por. elevation When piping configurations are looped or gridded, calculations must be
System`control'valve* conducted in accordance with the exception to Section 44.1 of this standard. This
( /Sft X 0:434) means that hydraulic calculations to size the piping must be done in accordance with
e. Deduct loss:from city main the method described in NFPA 13.
to control valve
pipe ft ' '' 4-6 Location of Sprinklers. Sprinklers shall be installed in all areas.
valves ft
3 elbows _� ft "} Exception No. 1: Sprinklers may be omitted from bathrooms not exceeding 55 sq ft(5.1 mI)
_L tee _� ft with noncombustible plumbing fixtures.
Total " �� ft X O.,ZI /3.7 ��•8 <' Exception No. 2: Sprinklers may be omitted from small closets where the least dimension
f, luct lose for piping: control r ' does not exceed 3 It(0.9 m)and the area does not exceed 24 sq ft(2.2 in)and the walls and
valve to farthest sprinkler* ceiling are surfaced with noncombustible materials.
3/4-in. pipe: 12 ft X 0.I11 e�, 3 t'
;�.: Exception No.3: Sprinklers may be omitted from open attached porches.
1-in. pipe: 14 ft X 6.L 9. 7 �y.8 "4,,
ql Exception No.4: Sprinklers may be omitted from carports,garages,and similar structures.
Size Quan. Description Total '
f".. Exception No.5: Sprinklers may be omitted from attics which are not used or intended for
equiv. ft " .? living purposes or store
900 elbow g P r storage.
g
450 elbow Exception No. 6: Sprinklers may be omitted from entrance foyers which are not the only
3�y tee means of egress.
check valve
valve ( ) The basis for omission of sprinklers in Exceptions 1 through 6 has been previously
Total ft X = described under Section A-2-2 and is based on NFPA statistics in Table A-1-2.These
`r areas are the ones shown to have a low incidence of life loss from fires in dwellings.In
Size Quan, Description Total 1'. addition,the committee recognized the following.
equiv. ft
0 1' • With respect to Exception No. 1,the combustible load in bathrooms is normally
1 90 elbow
450 elbow extremely low, especially with noncombustible plumbing fixtures.
t 1 tee 31 " • With respect to Exceptions Nos.3,4 and 5,mandatory sprinklering of these areas
/ check valve 19
valve ( ) would necessitate the use of dry-pipe systems in areas where freezing weather is
r encountered. This would detract from the rapid response of the system within the
Total /2 ft X-Lu _ ,�.� /7.S _
occupied areas of the dwelling and detract from, rather than enhance, life safety.
This exceeds 15.5 psi and design is acceptable, r.;; Further, most building codes require a 1-hour fire rated separation between garages
.. and other portions of the dwelling.
Note: Repeat calculation for basement to.verify adequacy of base-°`
ment piping size.
*Exception No.6 was based on recognition of the low fire load of these areas.
Remaining pressure for sprinkler operations,
* Factors from Table 4,4,3(a), (c), and (d), "
For SI Units: 1 ft = 0,3018 m; 1 psi = 0,0689 bar.
Figure 4.5. Calculation Example No. 2. The farthest sprinkler in this case is the farthest.;'
prinkler in the only room having more than one sprinkler. w .
L iv Ingroom ;is Guidance for installation of smoke detectors and fire detection systems may be found in
,
NFPA 74, Standard for the Installation, Maintenance and Use of Household Fire Warning
Equipment.
c
6°
Table A-1-2
' Causal Factors in
g L E I : ' One-and Two-Family Dwelling
34%Z" O 33�2 S M Fires Which Caused One or More Deaths
.r
CW
54 Area a Area of Origin
�H I
Living Room gg%
Bedroom 28%
72 it; Kitchen 16%
Storage Area 4% Based on 3951 incidents where
y Heating Equipment Room 2% area of origin was reported
`+ Structural Area 2%
Other Areas 9%
Form of Material
70"� Furniture Y7%
Bedding 18%
Combustible Liquid or Gas 14%
4 Interior Finish 9% Based upon 3254 incidents where
Window Area ;' Structural Member 7% form of material ignited was
90 Clothing,on a Person 5% reported
Waste, Rubbish 5%
Electrical Insulation 2%
Other 13%
o
Form of Neat of Ignition
Smoking Materials 39%
Cyy Heat from Fuel — Fire or
26%
Powered Object
' Heat from Miscellaneous 14% Based upon 3221 incidents where
%;• ,,: Open Flame(Including form of heat of ignition was �I
Match) reported
,w r' Heat from Electrical 13%
Equipment Arcing or
Overload
?tt. Hot Objects Including 6%
Properly Operating
S —Sofa F Electrical Equipment "
E - End Table Other 2% I�
L — Lamp :. � ;. Total number of incidents
C — Chair * reported
CW- Curtains r 7.694
a — Sprinkler Source:FIDO Data Base 1971 to 1978, NFPA Fire Analysis Department.
Figure A-14(c). +Q
Both Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. and Factory Mutual Research Corporation
have developed test standards for the evaluatirAt of residential sprinklers!",r:)These
"%1 4 standards have significantly different fire test requirements from those found in the
A-1-2 Levels of Protection. .Various levels of fire.safety are available to dwelli ng UL and FM standards for commercial sprinklers. The residential sprinkler criteria
occupants.to provide life safety and property protection. are:
.;rte
This standard recommends,but does not require,sprinklering of all areas in a dwelling' • maximum ceiling ir temperature — a r
it permits sprinklers to be omitted in certain areas. These areas are the ones shown.by,n•. flashover) g P PP vtimately 600°F(315°C). (i.e. prevent
NFPA statistics see Table A-1-2 to be the ones where the incidence of life loss from.fires `
Grcatdt
in dwellings is low.Such an approach produces a reasonable degree of fire safety. . • maximum temperature at 5 ft 3 in. (1.6 ml above floor — 200°F(92.4°C).
protection to both life and property will be achieved by sprinklering all areas. .` • maximum of two sprinklers in test area to;perate during test.
RESOLUTION NO. -86
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL
OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN
---------------------------------------------
DENYING VARIANCE TO SECTIONS 508 AND 3804 OF THE UNIFORM BUILDING CODE
WHEREAS, Rafanelli and Nahas requested a variance to Sections 508
and 3804 of the Uniform Building Code so as to allow the omission of five
sprinkler heads in each living unit within proposed three-story condominiums
to be erected in the Alamo Creek Village II; and
WHEREAS, the .City Council did hold a public hearing on this
matter on December 8, 1986; and
WHEREAS, the City Council finds that granting the variance would
lessen the protection to the people of the City of Dublin and property
situated thereon, and that the granting of the variance is not consistent with
the spirit and purpose of the Building Code;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council does hereby
deny said requested variance.
PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED this 8th day of December, 1986.
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
Mayor
ATTEST:
City Clerk
- ` }
'fit + 11 `n.,F tt iir X�kA� s;.s �'} �11�'� °•1�7 `+fa
RESOLUTION NO. -86
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL
OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN
--------------------------------------------
DENYING THE APPEAL OF AN INTERPRETATION OF THE PLUMBING CODE
BY THE BUILDING OFFICIAL
WHEREAS, Rafanelli and Nahas has appealed the interpretation of
Sections 42.2 and 42.3 of Ordinance 02-84 relating to the use of plastic
drainage waste and vent pipe in three-story condominium units proposed to be
erected in the Alamo Creek Village II; and
WHEREAS, the City Council did hold a public hearing regarding
this appeal on December 8, 1986; and
WHEREAS, the City Council finds that appeal of the interpretation
of Sections 42.2 and 42.3 of Ordinance 02-84 is not consistant with the spirit
and purpose of the Plumbing Code;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council hereby
confirms the interpretation of the Building Official and does hereby deny the
appeal.
PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED this 8th day of December, 1986.
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
Mayor
ATTEST:
City Clerk
5 ..a7 Y T y...
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ki
FL1RR ci�.� �uRrz cLG a �N�Ry ur Tr ,,:y,,..
f'7 a"d IS T4 ' To 18!-0"H.F.F Q� _.�1 - 1� -t G_
2ND R �� i G 1.P7AlPr-
\\ 0PN Sit. ABOVE GA0 L,5. C �5l
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IE
NAZI. , � •'
10� 'R 411 ___.
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z
RAJ
E':'^y,S 1 PA i N T C ' W X17.? A LTE F-►.IATE
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