HomeMy WebLinkAboutItem 8.1 NewHomeConstExhibitA
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AlilldiCaIll\y__..I BoId
www.stopwaste.org
The Alameda County Waste Management Authority
Is a public joint-powers agency comprised of the
County of Alameda, each of the fourteen cities
within the county, and two sanitary districts that
also pmvide refuse collection services. The Authority
is governed by a Board of Directors made up of
elected officials, primarily mayors and city council
members, appointed by each member agency.
Funding is derived solely from waste disposal and
waste import mitigation fees collected at the
Altamont Tri-Citles, and Vasco Road landfill
sites, The agency receives no general tax funds,
Together with its specialized arm - the Alameda
County Source Reduction and Recycling Board -
the Authority offers a wide range of programs in
the areas of public education, green building,
recycled product procurement waste reduction,
market development and technical assistance.
Acknowledgements
Special thanks to the following building professiOllals
for their commitment, input and direction in
developing these Guidelines:
Development Committee - 2002
Ray Gonzalez Mark Davis
Merry Sedlak Toll Brothers, Inc,
Pulte Homes
Trece Herder
Jeff Jacobs
Centex Homes
Gregory Shreeve
Jason Behrmann
City of Dublin
Kevin Ebrahimi
Greenbriar Homes
Communities
George Thomas
Tricla Maler
City of Pleasanwn
Pamela Hardy
Ponderosa Homes
Glenn Kirby
City of Union City
Project Team
Alameda County- Waste Management Authority
& Source Reduction and Recycling 80am
777 Davis Street Ste, 100
San Leandro, CA 94577
510,614,1699 tel
510,614,1698 fax
WWw,stopwaste.org
Contact: Wendy Sommer
What's Working
57 Acorn Lane
Boulder, CO 80304
303.444,1044 tel
303.444,7013 fax
Contact David Johnston
Disclaimer
T~ information provided in these G(Jidelines 5ht;xJ1cf be ÇQf15iderW by
cori:Jactors. architects and otiwr professionals, as well 85 CJM1ef5, in the
ÇcJ/,J$e of CÉ!iigning 8I1d CC1r'l!;ttu::.litr) I1:Iw ()( tr'IIXJiliy:j 5tJt.Jc11.Jtes. Tf'lf:ly art!
provided as 8 public 5efYice by the A/8meœ County ~te M~t
Authority and Recycling Board In an attempt to provide environmental
bfJr/ef1ts <md rfJdUœ costs. the GuldfJl/nt!ls 1JfB not 8 substitute for the
exetrise (Jf ~utJt/j~r'f'IlY?t in pattic.UIat ~¡/LUmstaíJCl!S. and aœ not
;ntended 85 æcommendations for particular products or processes.
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June 2003
These Guidelines are designed for the residential building Industry
The Guidelines offer:
'Cost·effective suggestions to minimize construction.related waste, create healthier
and more durable homes, reduce operating costs for homeowners and support
local manufacturers and suppliers of resource-efficient building materials,
Methods to reduce the impacts of building in Alameda County communities;
including solid waste management water conservation, energy efficiency and
resource conservation.
The practices contained In these Guidelines were selected for their viability in today's
market and their ability to promote sustainable building. Builders using this booklet
can differentiate themselves in the marketplace while protecting our environment.
The Guidelines were developed through a partnership among local developers, architects,
builders, contractors, green building experts and staff of the Alameda County Waste
Management Authority and Recycling Board.
Agency Involvement
Construction and demolition debris comprise up to 21% of materials disposed in Alameda
County landfills, The Alameda County Waste Management Authority and Recycling Board is
working in partnership with the construction and building industry on ways to reduce this
waste stream, Throughjob site recycling, efficient use of materials, use of recycled content
building materials and similar practices, the Green Building Guidelines provide an effective
tool to decrease the amount of materials that ends up in landfills,
Construction Waste Generated from a 2,000 Square Foot New Home
Trash
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Táb'le or Contents
1. OVERVIEW OF GREEN BUILDING
5
Introduction .............. . .. ,
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Fundamental .0bieO:I.vå,.()fGreen..,,ª.~U~ir).9...._.
.êenefits of:Green:Büildihg
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2. HOW TOSTAR:rBUILDlNGGR~tN
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3. GREEN POINTS 13
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. 4; GREEN BUILDING ,METHODS AND MATERIALS :" 18
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C.Structural Pmme24
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F. Elecfu'~L." . .. __...._....______ "30
G,Àpp¡i"nces....,31
H ,I nsulation 32
L~i!><;I.o"" . ....._______34
J, ·HMtlng, Ventllation"and AirC~llditiolling (HVAC) ..... __..3.0;.
K,~e~ew~'?~~ EnergY and Roofing 38
·LNat~ral..·H~ating~..Rd,c;o.oliD9> 40
M.lndoor AI~ ouaILt¡y.~0.g.fi.'!L~Q.~~ 41
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5.SELLlN.G GREEN HOMES
46
6. SUMMARY OF GREEN BUILDING BENEFITS
49.
Chapter One:
Overview of Green Building
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Overarching Principles of Green Building
1
2
3
Build for the long-term
Build a home that is durable and long lasting,
Build for our children
Make their environment safe,
Build for the planet
Use materials from sustainable resources,
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5
ACrOSS the country, in response to buyer demand, homebuilders are constructing homes
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i building," Builders are changing tile way they design and build, while enjoying increased
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About Green Building
Green building is a whole systems approach to the
design, construction and operation of buildings -
from the early stages of development through the
final finishes in the home, This approach benefits
both builders and homeowners by reducing resource
consumption and improving livability,
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Green building benefits are spread throughout
the systems and features of the home, Green
buildings use recycled-content building
materials, consume less energy and water, have
better indoor air quality and use less wood fiber
than conventional homes, Green homes reduce
potentially carcinogenic volatile organic
compounds and formaldehyde from the interior,
and construction waste is often recycled and
remanufactured into other building products,
In response to growing interest in green building,
a variety of public and private entities, including
homebuilder associations and state and local
governments, are creating partnerships to help
build and sell green homes and communities, These
efforts help market the benefits of green building
and recognize builders who are constructing
healthier, more durable homes,
Homebuyers increasingly see the added value in
a green home, For some, it's energy savings and
lower utility bills, For others, it's saving old-
growth forests, For still others, It's knowing that
their home is a healthier place for their children.
These Green Building Guidelines were developed
to bring technical and marketing expertise to
Alameda County builders, The Guidelines are the
result of a collaboration among developers, builders,
purchasing agents, sales staff, architects, building
officials, green building experts, and staff of the
Alameda County Waste Management Authority
and Recycling Board, The expertise of these
diverse stakeholders is reflected through" focus
on practices and approaches that are most relevant
to Alameda County,
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Every builder struggles for market differentiation,
Building green is a practical way to address issues
buyers really care about. A green building dimension
to your business adds a strong selling point,
Building green is good for both the economy and
the environment.
Green building is applied common sense, To demystify the process and move forward with
your construction project, it is helpful to think of green building as the convergence of three
fundamental objectives:
1 Conserve natural resources
2 Increase energy efficiency
3 Improve indoor air quality
Natural Resource Conservation
Conventional building practices consume large
quantities of wood, plastic, cardboard, paper,
water and other natural resources that lead -
unnecessarily - to their depletion,
For example, wood is one of the most common
building materials, but is often used wastefully,
We have already harvested 95% of the nation's
old-growth forests - a trend that simply cannot
continue, Engineered lumber products such as
wood I-Joists, wood fiber laminates and oriented
strand board, utilize fast growing farm trees as an
alternative to old-growth forests, These products
can use as little as 50% of the wood fiber to
perform the same structural functions and are
typically stronger, straighter and lighter than
solid-sawn lumber.
Builders have a rapidly expanding range of green
building materials from which to choose, Recycled-
content decking, reClaimed lumber and other
products divert waste from landfills, while
providing quality and durability that often exceed
conventional materials, For example, decking
material made out of recycled plastic resins
mixed with wood waste fibers can last up to five
times longer than wood decks, and never need to
be treated or painted,
Water conservation Is another important issue, Wise
water usage reduces the strain on reSources while
lowering expenses, Today, buildero can take advantage
of a new generation of high-efficiency appliances
and landscape water management systems,
Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency is a cornerstone of any green
building prQ)ect. Generation and use of energy
are major contributors to air pollution and global
climate change, Improving energy efficiency and
using renewable energy sources are effective
ways to reduce the potential of energy supply
interruptions, improve air quality, and reduce the
impacts of global warming,
Improving energy efficiency is also an economically
effective choice for consumers, Lowering utility
expenses allows homeowners to el)joy the financial
benefits year after year.
The first steps to increase energy efficiency are to
add insulation wherever possible, install double-
glazedllow-E windows and uwade to high-efficiency
appliances, Other energy upgrades include installing
solar water heaters and photovoltaic panels,
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Indoor Air Quality-
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The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) reports that the air in new homes
can be ten times more polluted than outdoor air,
According to the New England Journal of Medicine,
40% of children will deveiop respiratory disease,
in part. due to the Chemicals in their homes. Poor
indoor air quality is caused by the offgassing of
chemicals found in many building materials as well
as mold and mildew that build up In pool1y designed
and maintained heating and cooling systems,
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One of the most common indoor pollutants is
formaldehyde, a suspected human carcinogen,
Kitchen cabinets, countertops, shelving and
furniture are typically made from particleboard
held together by formaldehyde-based adhesives,
The formaldehyde is released into the home for
years after these products have been installed,
Many paints and floor finishes also contain
unhealthy volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
That "new house smell" is actually the odor of
these volatile compounds offgassing and is a
telltale sign that there are harmful chemicals in
the indoor environment.
U5ing Solvent-Free Adh~i\l~5
The building products Industry has responded to
these indoor pollution problems by developing
alternative paint, finish, and adhesive products,
For example, solvent·free adhesives used in
flooring and countertops can eliminate many of
the suspected and known human carcinogens,
Paints, varnishes, and cleaners that contain less
volatile compounds are now commonly available
from most m¡¡jor manufacturers at costs comparable
to conventional products,
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There are many reasons to build green, These include a concern for the environment.
an interest in building more efficiently, health considerations or a desire to create an
environmentally friendly image for your business, By applying a sustainable perspective to
design, construction and remodeling, green building brings the benefits of resource
conservation, energy savings and healthy living,
Each of the features listed in these Green Building
Guidelines benefits the environment by addressing:
resource conservation! energy efficiency or
indoor air qual ity,
Cost Considerations
In the Survey, con5llmers were asked If they were
willing to pay for green options, and ifso, how much.
Responses were,
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2000
2001
Buyers' Willingness to Pay Extra For Green f98tUres
$10,000 1II¡,lilillmÎÌiIllJlIi1l19,5%
:h':::)i:>,:'::,:::!!i;¡¡i:::::i!!::':::::i:i¡i!¡¡:¡¡¡!¡i::!¡¡;i::)!'::>::,::!:::::::::::27.6%
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$2500
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$1000
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$500
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1,4%
How Much E'lra Buyør$ .r. Willing 10 Pay
The above results are also reflected in an East
Bay Area survey conducted In 2002 by American
Lives, Inc. of selected new homebuyers.
Approximately 70% of the respondents Indicate
that It is essential or very important for new
home communities to be developed with
greenlenergy efficient materials and techniques
Approximately 50% of respondents would pay
$25-$124 or more in added monthly mortgage
payments for a low energy home equating to
$4,000 to 27,000 higher on the purchase
price (at 7% interest rate)
While green building and its environmental benefits
are becoming mOre mainstream, it Is commonly
assumed that green building features and products
translate into additional costs. What is often
overlooked is the added value that green building
contributes to the home; energy efficiency, Improved
indoor air quality, healthier homes for the family,
and durability-, These Guidelines recommend methods
and materials that range in cost - some of them cost
no more or even less than conventional options,
When green building is designed into the prqject
from the beginning It need not cost more than
conventional methods, Often, the homeowner and
builder focus on the "up-front" costs (materials
and installation) to incorporate green features into
a home, When other factors are considered, such
as lower maintenance and operation costs, many
of the recommended strategies in these Guidelines
offer tangible economic benefits to the homeowner,
Energy upgrades alone usually result in a payback
through lower monthly energy costs.
When considering green building measures, It is
very important to balance product and installation
costs with other significant benefits such as
energy savings, increased durability, enhanced air
quality and healthier homes,
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adding green features as the
matures, If you start gradually, you are
likely to make expensive mistakes, It is critical to
¡per the changes you make and the additional costs you
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'incur. The earlier you start integrating alternative
8rs and green design into your building process, the
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Gelling Started
A strategic way to start building green Is to develop
green options, and then describe the environmental
features and benefits to the homebuyer, Giving
your customers a choice allows you to refine your
product and market approach, Home buyers speak
their own language, and understand and embrace
green building only when it is explained in their
terms. Energy efficiency, improved indoor air quality,
water conservation and saving old-growth forests
are terms that may have different meanings to
different buyers, All these things together mean a
new home that offers more value and a more
comfortable and healthier living environment.
Knowing about the benefits of resource-efficient
construction Is one thing; spending money for
those same features is quite another. According
to the Survey, consumers were asked to choose
their three most important upgrades when buying
a new home, In top-down order, responses were:
1 energy efficiency features
;m~~llØilil~~¡II;¡iil¡II1í'~9%
2 kitchen cabinet upgrade
lii:I~¡¡~I\jI~II¡'~,~!Ii¡iln 65,5%
3 improved indoor air quality
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illilllllllllll_159,0%
:;;;;.2000
tJi 2001
When consumers think about a new home, they
think about what it offers them, not necessarily
what it does for the environment, Quality always
rates highest next to location when buyers buy
new homes, Green homes offer higher quality
since most products were developed to perform
better than the conventional products they replace,
The Guidelines and accompanying resources will
assist you in developing and implementing green
building packages into your building prqiects, What
makes a home truly green is a combination of ail
of the features listed in the Guidelines, In this way,
the home combines the collected benefits of
resource conservation, energy efficiency and good
indoor air quality, OO..-ing segregated packages is a
starting point to help clarify what your market is most
interested In, SO you can make the most appropriate
incremental steps toward a truly green home,
Pleí:l~nt Hill COHousing COlnmon House, Plc-:asant Hili, CA
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Below are samples of the types of "Green Building Packages" that could be developed to
respond to consumer demands for green homes,
Natural Resource Package
Natural resource conservation is becoming morn
important to buyers every year, Saving forests for
camping, fishing and hiking is a value that families
hold for their children's future. Conserving resources
today by incorporating green alternatives is a great
way to get your buyer's attention, Using recycled
content products in your homes "closes the loop"
for families that are committed to recycling, Using
water more efficiently only makes sense as popu-
lation growth puts stress on a limited resource.
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Consider offering ¡he following as part of a
Natural Resource Package;
Engineered lumber - 05B, wood Ijoists
Recycled newsprint cellulose insulation
Water-conserving plumbing fixtures
Fiber-cement siding and trim
Recycled-content decki ng
Recycled-content carpet
Treated wood that does not contain arsenic
or chromium
Energy Effic iency Package
Energy upgrades are one of the first things that
consumers would pay extra for - $2,300 on average
- if they could expect to see a payback through
lower monthly energy costs in four years, According
to the Survey, only 2% of the homebuyers said they
would not be willing to pay more in up-front costs for
energy efficiency upgrades that would reduce monthly
utility bills, 83% said that insulation should be
above code and 90% or higher efficiency furnace
should be standard features in new homes,
Consider offering the following as part of an
Energy Efficiency Package:
Low-E windows
High efficiency (90% or higher), sealed
combustion furnace and hot water heater
High SEER/EER air conditioning units
Fluorescent light bulbs
Advanced sealing and caulking to reduce drafts
2x6 wall framing with increased insulation
I nsulated foundation
Indoor Air Quality- Package
While energy efficiency is at the top of the consumer
list, improved indoor air quality- is also a priority for
homebuyers, Almost nine in ten respondents of the
Survey are aware of products that emit gas chemicals
into their living environments, 75% or those people
say it's extremely or very important to live in a home
free of toxic chemicals,
Consider offering the following as part of an
Indoor Air Quality Package:
Formaldehyde-free insulation
No or Low-VOC paints
Solvent-free wood finishes
Less-toxic adhesives
Natural linoleum instead of vinyl flooring
FSC-certified wood or bamboo flooring
instead of carpet
Sealed particleboard in cabinets and countertops
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Green Points is a rating system that has been
developed to offer builders, homeowners and
municipalities a tool to assess how environmentally
friendly or "green" a home is, The rating system
is based on the various green features incorporated
into the home, A home that has earned 50 points
or more across the 3 main green building
categories - Indoor Air Quality, Energy Efficiency
and Resource Efficiency - can be considered a
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"green home", Total points required may be
adjusted in the future, The rating system was
developed in coordination. with local builders, city
planners and building officials, To simplify the
system and to avoid double counting, each
measure is assigned to one specific category,
even though many of them can be placed in
multiple categories,
A, Site
POINTS PER CATEGORY (esllurr.I!S Enl!f!lY tAQ/HeillU!
,. R(~)(;IC Job Site (;Ot1!:>truct on & Demolition Wa.!¡t~
SO% Rec:yçling r¿~te is Required; 65%::. 1 point;75%::: 2 point::;; BO% - 4 pOlnt~
2, Donato Unu~oo Maœrlals
3. Protect Native Soil
4. Minimize DIsruption of Existing P!lInts & lrees
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7. Oasi~n R¡¡source-Effici¡:¡rlt Umd~ilpl.):S
O. ~euse Materlal~Use Recycled ç()nterrt: Matf!rlals for l.andscape Areas
9. ImttllJ Higt1-Effitianty Irrigaliùr'1 S)'~l8m::.
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B. Foundation
IJpto 4
4
2
2
,
2
2
2
A\milablé Points 25
1. Incorporate RBcycled Flyüsh in COt\eIEW
15% RC(..)'C!M r }'i:)~!) - .2 pO¡nt50; AOí11 point for every 10% Inçr~!lse Qf flyash. up to 5 points
2. Reuse Farm Boards
up to 5
3. U~ Alurninunl Form~
,L tJs~ Recycled Content Aggregate
5. lmulate FoundationlSI<Jb béfOra b¡jekrill
6. Install Rigid Foam, !nsulatt:!d Concrete Forms (ICFs)
C. StruClIlral Frame
1. Su¡mlwtt Solid Sawn lumber with Lnglneered Wmbt;!r
;:I. Floors
b. Headers (non-structural)
t. StrlJetuml beams and tlGaclcrs
3
2
3
3
AvailaÞl~ Points 11 6
2. U:)C fSC Ceruflecl wood for ff(lminç¡ (For every' 0% of FSC lumber used =' 2 poinls, up to 10)
3. Use Wooo I-Joists for Floors and C8ili~s
4, U.'jR. $t~í~1 Interior Wffl:¡ Tru!;.'¡;f)s
5. Design Energy Heels on Tru~s!Js
up to 10
2
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2
2
2
3
3
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Available Þolnts ~~ 11 ~
POINTS PER CATEGORY Ur~~Qul{~~ ~ne-rgy IAQIHe,lIth
C. Structural Frame (cominuell)
6. USE;! osa
a. 'Subfloors
b. She¡jthil1Q
7. Use Finger-Jointed Studs 10r NQ!1,·Struct,urs Vertiçal Applic!ltions
B. Use EngineÐred Stud~ for Vl:l!tir:;;:¡1 AppIlCa110nS
9, Us!": Re(;yçl~d Content $tef:!1 SWds for Interioc Framing
10. US¡¡ Structur'iJllnsu!.atBd P<m81~ {SIP~}
a, Hoors.
b.Wsll
t:, Roof
11. Apply Advanced Fmming TechniquB=>
12. Use Reclaimed Lumbar fur Non-StrlJctural APPllc.""1tIons
0, Exterior Finish
1. US!:! Sll~t<!ir'lablc Decking Ms'(crlal5
a Recycloo (:ont~nì
b. FSC Certified Wood
3
3
2. U&(~ Non-CCA "Trùated Wood
3. Insti:lll Hau~B Wrap under Siding
4. Us!:! Altefllative Siding Mate-rials
¡¡. R~çyc.I~ CQntent
b. Fiber-cement
1
3
AvallaÞI(t Points ,. ,
,
up to 2
up l() 2
up to 4
E. PI...bing
"I. Insulate all Hot Wðtf.1r Pipes
2. Install Flow Reduce~
¡;¡. Fau(:et.~ (1 point eBch, up to 2 points)
b. 5tlOwerhaads (1 plJint Bjch, up to 2 po¡nt~)
3. In';ta Ultra·· Low Flush loUets (l point each, up to 4 point!;)
4. Install Chlorine Filter on Showerha<ld
4
2
upW4
. 8
up to 4
up to 5
l)P t.o 4
up to 4
17
5. InSli:lll TanKlcss Water Heater
6. Pre-plumb for Gra)Wawr ConvÐr~¡oli (ChCCk with local Code)
ì. In~tall Wat~r Filtration Units at: Fa.ucets (2 points each, up to 4 points)
8. Install On-Demand Hot W¡:¡ter Circulation Pump
.
.
18
~illtl;lll;!'Pl)ints
F. Electrical
1, Install Compact nuoresœnt Ugnt e\J b!'> - tFt,s. (6 bulbs=2 paints, 12::4 point~, up W 4. pOints)
.2. Inm:nll Air-Tight InsulBtiün-ÇCJmpatible Recessed Firtures for CFLs (1 :.JOlnl æch up to 5 points)
3. Insti:lll ugt~tlng Conu()l~ (1 I)Olnt per fl¡:t.tJre, lip to 4 point.,)
4. 1m,1all High Efficiem:;y Ceiling FjliS with CFLs (1 point eaCl), up to 4 points)
Avallablø- Points
G. Appliances
1 . Offal' Energy St.<Ir Dis.hwiJshel"
:2. OffE'.f Hori;¡:o!lt¡;¡1 Axi'5 Wf,lf>hing M~çhin€!
3. OHal' Energy-Efficient ROfr'igBmtùl
4. Inst;)11 Bl llt-ln Ri'JC)'(;llng (enter
3
3
,
Availsble Points
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POINTS PER CATEGORY Rc~o\lrC:c~ £m:ryy tAOll-lc,tUIi
H, Insulation
" Uþ~rèlde Insul¡:¡tjon to Ex.Gf*:!d Title 24 Requirements
a.Walls 2
b. Ceilings 2
2. In~tLlII Rocytll:Jd-Content, FormtJldehydB-Frse Fibergl¿¡ss In~uliJtlon 3
3. ~J:<>e AQvançf:!O Infiltration RwuçtiQn Pr¡¡cticp.s 2
4. Use Cellulose In~Lllatjon
.a.W.aIl!; 4
t). (:elllng~ 4
Jw",U.able Point $ . 3
~ I. Windows
~ ,. Instalt Energy-Efficient Windows
z a Do( bl(:-PanM 1
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¡j! b, Low-Emissivity (LoW'[) 2
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c. Low. Conductivity Frames 2
A.vallableoPoim S
J. Heating Vemilation and Air Conditioning
,. Use Duct Mastic on All DUGt Joints
" II15MI) Duc.tWOf'k Witl1111 CoMltlonM $~C(! 3
,..
3. Vent Rèln~~ Hoöd to the Outside
4. Clean all Ducts BeforE! Occupancy 2
5. In~mll Attic Véntll¿¡tiorl SY5œlT1~
6. Insti¡1I Whole HOIJSf!'F¡:¡n 4
-
0 7. Install Sealed Combw;tion Units
G
~ ,. Furnac8s ,
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u n, ftsæ!l 13 5EERtl1 EER or higher AC with a TXV :!
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" 15. Insta!l Separate Garage Exhaust Fan ,
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.. K. Renewable Energy and Roofing
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1. Pr~..PllJmt) for Solar Water Heating ,
2. Instal! Solar Water He!1ting System 10
3. Pre-Wire for Future PhotQvolt;aic; (PV) nm-.f\II~tion 4
4, Inshìll photovultatc (PV) Pand$ (1.2 kw 17 6- points. 2.4 kw - 12 points. 3.6 kw - 18 po!llnl) ~Ip to 18
5. Install Solar (f=\f) Walkway Llglnf¡. 4
6. Su18{,1 S¿¡fa and Durable Roofing Materials
,. Install R(I(llant B~rnCf R.oof $I)eathlng 3
Awllaþle Po¡~ .3
POINTS PER CATEGORY 1~f;SOLJI(es fnl!r~y IAQfHI!~llh
l.Natural Healing and Cooling
1, InCOfpOl'8te Þasslw 5oh:lr Heating
~i ¡¡bII!Point!i
5
3
~
11
2. Install O"~rhang!> or Awning!'i on South FLlcing WindOW'.>
3, Plant Deciduous Trees on the West ann SCUJt.ll Sidp.!;
M. Indoor Air Quality and Finishes
1. Install Wt'lOh~ Hou'3'e Vacuum System
2. Use Low/No-vac Pi:Jint
5. .sw)~tiWte Partlç eooarrl with Formaldehyde-Free Materiuls
ß. Use E:rterior Grade PI)"MJod for InlBr'iör US~~
7. U!'ie rorma!çI~hyçle·Free MDF :::Ind MRt.eri:::lls
8. SB<i! <III EJ.po~M Pílrtic-IÐbúar'd Or" MDI'
9, Use r$c Certltled Materials for Irli:~lor Finl!'ih
1 O. U~'" Fingúr-JointGd Or" Rtttyt.:lM Coment '\'rlm
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~t Use L.ow VOC, Water-Based Woad Finishe~
4. Usa Solvent-Freid Adhll~i,,¡:,~
N. Flooring
1, $(~le(.1 F5C Certltled Wood ~ID()rlng
2, UsP. ~a:pldl'y Rellewaþle Flooring Mat.erials
J, Use Recycled Content Ceramic flle5-
Awaitabte Poilm.
a
4
4
4
4
AYall,ablePolm!/. 24
5
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4. In!>tall NAtUrA! Linoleum in Place of Vinyl
5. Use E)(POSCO Con(:rett~ as '~Inlshe( Floor
6. Ir1~ttlll Recyt!OO Conwr~t Ci:Jr'pct wit '¡ Low VOts
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1. In¡;orporilla LI~tltìg or Gmén FeatUl'ùs Into Cover or atLæprlnt~
.2. Develop Homeowner M.slnual of Green Fl3atlJres/BÐr1¡¡fits
3. Offer COlJpon:j;for compost Ultl5tO Hom€!owner:5 (contact ACWMA, 1-8'77-STOPWASTE)
4. Energy Ratings
Evtuy % improvemûnt in r'MLlCIr'ig energy lX:yon~1 Title 14 Code· 1 point (up t.o 30 points).
lJ~P,: energy ~ft.wF.lre such RS Er.ergyPro or MicroPas, to shOVl/ improvement over Callt'orrUa
Rasidenti.al Enargy Standards (TitJa 24)
5, Innovation Point.,
Thase points are given for inn()V<lliVU'íl.pprQ.:jet\ûs, Ir'ltll.ldlng rnMcl ?~ro net energy hl)mf:!s, new m!lt.erials and méthodlJlùgitl::>, (;urrcntly not
iduntifiad ¡jOOV1:1, Tt\e:=':¡'~ ãþprÚi1tt\cs rtl~ st meet environmental go~l~ identifip,:d in the Residential Grai:!n Bu¡ldin~ (,uidüllnc::i. Innollatlon P<Jint!¡
will t)~! ev.:,luateC1 ana aW(jr(1~¡; t¡y thp. community/municip81ity where the p~jat.t is IOc<I[ad,
up to 30
MINIMUM OF 50 TOTAL POINTS rCe50llms Em'rllY !II.O/llI)¡J 1h 1ol~¡
Total Anilabkr Points 136
Points Required from Each CatBgor¡ 10
158
10
63
10
357
30
Add!tional Polrrt!> Ne~dP.d from Any CategOl)' 20
Mlnlnwm Points ReqIHred $0
J='roJe(,.1. mus.t acquire a minimum of 50 point':>. 10 points must bf;! acquired, for B::Ich clltagory. Addltiona! 20 polnt'S Gan b~~ a.cquired by
iocorporating any grec(1 fesWr€,~, li!'ited to rp.: ctls total of 50 points, Project:> obtaininq 60 pOilit~ Of more will receive ;¡¡ "Gold Level Status".
Total points may be aq'justed in the fuUJrld { " rtlùdlfled by Individual cities,
'Ii
',+:i;"::,)i!i\:IÌ':!PII:1',P:¡lij!l:ill!!iI:,
Community- Design Issues
The following me..ures should be
considered in the initial site
planning and community design
stages of new home developments,
By considering issues such as lot
orientation, storm-watar management,
access to transit, and minimizing
street widths early on, many
environmental benefits can be
accrued at later stages ofthe prQiect,
The following Is a list of approaches that should be considered in the
fi.r>t stages of community design:
1. Orient Homes on an East/West Axis for Solar Access
2. Orient Living Rooms anti Porches to Streets and Public Spaces
3. Build Mixed-Use, Residential/Commercial, Walkable Communities
4, Design for Diverse Family Types
5. Provide "Granny Flats" Above Garages
6. Build Within 1 Mile of Public Transit Hub
7. Minimize Street Widths
8. Locate or Cluster Buildings to Preserve Open Space and Wildlife
Habitat, Especially Sensitive Areas such as Wetlands.
Sacramento Street CoHousing, Berkeley. CA
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1, Recycle Job Site Construction
and Demol ilion Waste
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Construction waste generally consists
of wood, drywall, metals, concrete;
dirt and cardboard - materials that
can be reused or recycled if prepared
properly, Each year over 300,000
tons of construction and demolition
debris is disposed of at Alameda
County landfills,
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Identify the types and quantities of
materials generated at the job site
and recycle at least 50% of the
construction/demolition debris,
Contact local recycling facilities
and haulers to identify terms and
conditions required for recycling
m.terlals. Allocate space for
recycling bins and containers, Call
the Alameda County Recycling
Hotline 1,877 ,STOPWASTE for
more information.
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1.:.\:~1' ':,': i.,
Recycling raduce5 pre5sure on
landfi lis, saves money by
reducing tipping fees, and
provides raw materials for
future building products,
2. Donate Unused Materials
"'·\;"1';;:')""·
Unused or salvaged materials such as
surplus \\OOd. window.;, doors and oth€r
un installed materials can be donated
to organizations such as Habitat for
HUma1lty or local Ywth Build Progrnms,
I~,,~ ,¡,.; ; t. i, .:, I',.~r'·"·
Materials should be cle.n and in
good condition,
Uf'I"!:')Î'ï1
Donating unused materials reduces
landfill deposits and helps local
charitable organizations, Donations
may be tax deductible, Refer to the
Resource List for local organizations.
3. Protect Native Soil
n,:~~\,','; i ~ï',': ;~; \ .
Typically, a building site is cleared
of vegetation and the topsoil is
removed, After building, sod is laid
on subsoil. beginning a cycle of
high water and chemical
dependency. Ideally. construction is
coordinated with a landscape
professional to protect the soiL
which Is a valuable, living resource.
·\;:)I(~<,,~;,,::'i'"
Design for minimum building &
hardscape footprints and little or no
grading, Retain native vegetation,
Delineate and limit the construction
footprint; restrict heavy equipment
that compacts soil, including cars, to
areas that will be paved or built over,
When grading is unavoidable, identify
areas to be paved as a place to store
native topsoil during construction.
Amend soi I with compost and re-
spreadtopaoll after construction,
(\:",:):::'!
Preserving native soils, along with
nurturing the health of disturbed
soils, can significantly reduce storm
runoff. reduce fertilizer and pesti-
cide requirements, improve water
quality and conserve irrigation water,
4. Minimize Disruption of Existing
Plants and Trees
:},":' ',","''Iè',\',;·:!!'1
Through careful planning and
construction practices, valuable
trees and plants can be preserved
and incorporated into new
developments and neighborhoods,
i<¡:',¡:!II~, ::~ ï.; ('J: ,;,..,:
Complete a landscape survey to
determine the feasibility of
preserving or relocating mature trees
and shrubs. Fence trees and shrubs
for protection from equipment.
::':";'~I'~\dï1'::::
Preserving existing. mature
landscape features helps prevent
soil erosion. maintains existing
sources of natural cooling (e.g,
¡ \ Job SIt€! Ree.~cllng.
F'oothill Glen Hom.il1g, Union City, CA
S"ade trees 00 west ;al"d $OUth $Id~ I)f ho~ . þeçi~l;IlI!;i tr~1;! fer reduc;:ing cooling cost!i
in$Ummer
· "'erm~ble p.1i\YI"U Or! dri~W;Ø)'
. Pfooght.tolerant ground cover and shrubs
3 F~prlnt of building i$ minimized
'0 CaUtomia "lIlil/e~ grouped by WJlter JI~
4 IrrlgilltiOh tontrollillf and given the space to grow 10 UIfJ.ft'
naunl s.lu-
· COßlþaS( bin
11 Repository tor 1 )8VeS Imder treE!
· Mulche.d pathS
7 Drip-Irrigated raised beds for vegetable~
(Trees, '''RIbs on wlp)
12 Incrè85èd diygtstty ID wildlife habl""
13 Pêlvflriô I¡1fith l!ipaccs and unthlnty
¡Jlal'ltfi betWeen
14 Bird bath
1 $ California native grOllnd CD'VBT5
16 Shade loving plants ID fi( micro¡:;limatB
shade from a mature tree), divens
waste from landfills, and adds a
unique character to the community.
5. Implement Construction Site
Stormwater Practices
"(:',.1\'1;'
Stormwater runoff is part of a
natural hydrologic process, However,
land development and construction
activities can significaffily alter
natural drainage patterns and
pollute stormwater runoff,
.':\ ,',: \'.): ":1 :',:~.:.': ì~.
Identify all storm drains, drainage
swales and creeks located near the
construction site, and make sure all
subcontractors are aware of their
locations to preveffi pollutants from
entering them, Train employees not
to dump anythi ng down storm <hins.
Protect all storm drain inlets using
filter fabric cloth \0 prevent sediments
from effiering the storm drainage
system during construction activities,
Keep materials out of the rain, and
prevent runoff pollution at the source.
Store hazardous waste in drums
and covered bins and coffiract a
company to dispose of it properly.
j}',¡., '
Properly managing a gallon of water
on site saves money in avoided
engineering costs downstream,
Keeping pollutants out of the storm
drains minimizes erosion and water
pOllution and protects local creeks,
reservoirs and the Bay. For more
information, visit www.cleanwater-
program.com or call 888/BAYWISE,
6. Protect Water Quality- with
landscape Design Features
CVj','xl:',!I,:c'
Oeslgning landscapes to allow
irrigation and stormwater to soak
into the soil recharges groundwater
systems, and filters out pollutants,
I', ,; :':,)' ; ,::r,~':. ;',,:"¡
Use permeable paving, which allows
water to percolate Into the soil, for
walkways, patios, and driveways.
Install like conventional pavers,
Minimize roadway width and avoid
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contiguous impermeable surfaces,
Oeslgn Infiltration basins and berms,
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Allowing stormwater percolation
reduce5the volume of polluted water
that ftows into rivers or the Bay, while
replenishing soil moisture and local
aquifers. Additional benefits Include
reduction in irrigation requirements,
non-source pollution as well as
lower risk of flooding,
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7. Design Resource-Efficient
Landscapes and Gardens
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Conventional landscapes have high
inputs of water and chemicals and
are often overplanted or planted
without regard for climate and soil
condÎtion~. This result$ in exceS5
water and fuel consumption, watar
pollution and waste generation,
¡.\: :','.Õ:('i'.<:I)r'\
Specify plants that are appropriate
for the climate and soli; select slow-
growing, drought tolerant preferably
California native plants. Design with
perennials instead of annuals;
choose and site trees to reduce
building heating and cooling energy,
Give plants plenty of room to mature,
reducing the need for pruning,
Avoid invasive species and hedges
that require constant shearing,
Limit turf to the smallest area that
will meet recreational needs, Recycle
yard trimmings by grasscycling,
mulching and compOSting.
I",\:!~:d"::
Sustainable landscape techniques
are in harmony with the local
envìronm~nt and help conserve
water, reduce use of chemicals,
create hea~hler soil and plants, and
increase bio-diversity in landscape
areas. ~!iOurœ: Bay-FrlendlyLandscaplng
Guid/!Iin~, call ACWMA. 1-877-5TOP\oVASTE
8. Reuse Materials or Use
Recycled Content Materials for
Landscape Areas
:>, , " ~,\ ':; (',!; Ii: '1
Plastic or composite lumber makes
a very durable landscape edging,
broken concrete can make a very
attractive retaining wall or path,
and ground glass culler can be
used for walkways,
;'-,PI::,':::¡,i'J<'I
Use salvaged or recycled content
materials for hardscapes (patios,
decks. walkways and driveways)
and other landscape structures.
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The durability of plastic or composite
lumber is greater than wood as they
do not rot, crack or splinter. Salvaging
or buying recycled content land-
scaping products conserves natural
resources and strengthens markets
for recycled materials,
g. Install High-Efficiency
Irrigation Systems
C"):',~,d;',!1 :".,
New irrigation technologies apply
water to the soil at the plant root
zones at the rate the soil can absorb
it. significantly reducing water
waste from o""rspray.
,'ì.:"":":(,·,;:,:':,':i'
InstaIlION-fiONdrip, sub-surface drip, or
low·flow sprinklers in place of standard
sprinkler systems for all landscape
applications, Base watering levels on
moisture sensors or weather based
controllers, Use captured rainwater.
Group plants by water requirements.
High-efficiency irrigation systems
dramatically reduce landscape water
use, and are critical to preventing
disease & minimizing weed growth,
10. Provide for On-Site Water
Catchment I Retention
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Rainwater Is channeled through
gutters and downspouts to an
aboveground cistern or underground
gravel dry well. Stored water Is used
for landscap" irrigation.
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Install wherever there i$ guttered
roof runoff and room for the cistem,
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Water catchment reduces the need
to use drinking water for irrigation of
lawns and gardens,
1, Incorporate Recycled
Flyash in Concrete
:"¡",¡¡',r:pl'}':'
Flyash Is a by-procuct of coal
burni ng X>'II< r plants and can be an
inexpensive substitute for a portion
of Portland cement used in concrete.
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Typically, 15%·50% of cement can
be replaced with ftyash in residential
concrete mixes. however it must be
cured longer than standard t,oncrete.
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Flyash increases the strength and
durability of the concrete, Using
ftyash also reduces the amount of
cement needed, thereby decrea.ing
the overall environmental impacts
of cement production.
2. Reuse Form Boards
:'\.'::::'I':¡,¡\'I:,,::
Form boards are often 2x1 0 or
larger .01 id sawn lumber typically
cut from old.growth trees,
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Forms are used whenever concrete
Is poured. By carefully removing
and separating the form., they can
be reused several times.
f'; ;~' ~ I x: .(. ¡ t .
Reuse of forms saves money and
conserve. reSOurCes. Sol id sawn
lumber is becoming increasingly
expensive and scarce.
3. Use Aluminum Forms
¡::::-:,;!:'¡;:,:,i(.;r;
Aluminum forms come in all sizes
and shapes and produce a smooth
finished surface on the concrete,
They can be u.ed repeatedly.
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Aluminum forms can be used in most
applications to replace wood forms,
U'.'i""';'·
Because they can be reused many
times, aluminum form. reduce wood
use and, despite higher initial cost,
pay for themselves quickly,
4, Use Recycled Content
Aggregate
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Recycled aggregate consi.t. mainly
of crushed concrete and crushed
a.phalt pavement. Most of the
recycled material is used as base
material for road products,
Recycled concrete and ..phalt
crushed to 3/4" minus sati.fies the
California Department ofTranspol"'
tatlon's (CaITrans) specification for
Class 2 Aggregate Ba.e,
11,!:¡:\li..:.;;;::!.,
Use recycled aggregate for
applications where CalTrans Class 2
ba5e rock Î5 5pecîfied.
f:.I·c(!¡,·¡;<
Even though a large percentage of
asphalt and concrete are recycled,
there is still some that end up In
landfills, Using recycied instead of
virgin materials saves money,
natural resources and energy.
5, Insulate Foundation I Slab
Before Backfill
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All foundation., including slab flo<:<>,
can be insulated to minimize heat loss,
'\'n;: Ii ¡ (';¡,:., t : ï ~, ':
I nsulate foundation with extruded
polystyrene in$ulation of at least R-4
(1" or greater),
~»I",(:d;:·:
Insulating the foundation
minimizes heat loss from the floors
and ba.ement. reduces energy loss
and, therefore, reduces utility bill.,
In~ul¡}téd Concrete Forms OCfs)
6. Install Rigid Foam, Insulated
Concrete Forms (ICFs)
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Rigid foam forming systems hold
concrete in place during curing and
remain In place afterwards to serve ..
thermal insulation fer concrete walls,
'\:,.¡~.I ~ ; ~ :' :'\:)
U.e rigid foam forming systems
wherever an insulated foundation
Is desirable,
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Unlike untreated lumber, ICFs are
not subject to rot and result in a
better insulated foundation,
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1, Substitute Solid Sawn Lumber
with Engineered lumber
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Solid >awn lumber In sizes of 2x1 0
or greater typically comes from old·
growth forests, Engineered lumber
products, on the other hand, come
from small-diameter and fast growing
plantation trees, These products
Include glulams, laminated veneer
lumber, wood Ijoists, oriented
strand boerd, parallel strand lumber,
and other manufactured wood fiber
structural materials.
/-:';",1: ","'1'1"
A. Floor Joist
2x10 and larger lumber are typically
used for floor and ceilingjoists and
some seismic applications, Large size
lumber can be replaœ:l with englnæred
lumber in most applications unless
required by seismic codes,
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B. Non·load Bearing Header
Solid sawn 4x6 are often used for
headers when smaller dimension
lumber would suffice, such as double
2x6, unless solid 4x6 are required
by seismic codes.
c. Structural Headers and Beams
Engineered lumber should be used
whenever structural members are
required, They substitute for 4x12
in most interior applications such as
the structural framing of floors,
walls and roofs,
ì':'>:"II::fil
Reducing demand for large dimensional
lumber decreases pressure to cut
down old·growth forests. Engineered
lumber uses wood fiber more efficiently
than conventional lumber, resulting
in stronger and higher quality homes,
2, Use Forest Stewamship Council
(FSC) Certified Wood for Framing
~'i~'~ ",'.:':1': ¡":\ ¡IXI
FSC certification assures that the
forest from which the wood is
produced is managed In a sustainable
and socially responsible manner.
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Use FSC wood where solid wood
framing is required, Certified framing
materials and plywood are available
at many local suppliers, Refer to the
Resource List located In beck pocket.
.'<1,,'1,)::1;1
FSC certification guarantees that
forests are managed in a way that
will assure the long.term availability
of precious woods while protecting
old-growth forests,
3. Use Wood I-Ioists
for Floors and Ceilings
;'>,.:,,¡!:('i¡:'),il~'''\
Wood Ijoists are engineered to use
only the wood fiber necessary for
the structural function required.
They typically use orieffied strand
board (OSB) for the web and either
laminated veneer lumber or solid
sawn I umber for the chords (top
and bottom pieces),
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Replace solid sawn lumber with
wood Ijoists for floor and ceiling
joists, Often they can be used at
19.2" centers to save material.
.',,'
Wood 1:J0ists use 50% less wood
fiber to perform the same structural
function as similar sÎzed solid Sawn
lumber and will never twist, warp or
split. They are stronger and lighter
than 2xl0 or 2x12 and can span
greater distances,
I-Joi5t!:> u$E! 50% Iè....,:, WöOd
floo( UI.::¡n solid sawn lumber
4. Use Steel Imerlor Web Trusses
ï') ~'.:'
Steel web trusses use wood or
laminated veneer lumber top and
bottom chords that are connected by
steel webbing for structural integrity,
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Use primarily for long-span floor
joists,
[>'~¡-;¡:~!';'~':
Web trusses eliminate waste sÎnce
they are made to order. They reduce
the pressure on old growth forests
by replacing 2xl0s and 2x12s
traditionally used for floor joists,
5, Design Energy Heels on
TßJsses 6" or MOil)
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Energy heels raise the height of the
truss at exterior wall top plates to
accommodate Increased Insulation
at the perimeter of the house.
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I nsta II where conventional trusses
are used, They need to be special
ordered, The increased height may
require modifications to exterior
soffit and trim details.
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The perimeter intersection
between walls and roof framing is
often an area of increased heat
loss since conventional trusses
reduce insulation to less that 6".
Raising the heels allows for full
insulation around the house,
savi ng energy and money,
Oriented Strand Boord
OSB fel' ShP.a~hing
6. Use Oriented Strand Boam
(058) for Subfloor and Sheathing
:'\..,:,:~:\ :¡:,:.IÇ¡:"
OSB is manufactured from fast
growing farm trees, OSB comes in
sheel$ and Is u$ed for sheathing
and subfloors.
1\::',r~I!::'\~:i:'\
Use OSS as an altemative to plywood
for sheathi ng or subfloors,
I: :i'.J~i,'fll:
OSB Is as strong as traditional
plywood sheet material and is less
expensive, OSB reduces the need for
large diameter old-growth trees
required for plywood. Some OSB
uses lower formaldehyde content
adhesives that contribute to healthier
Indoor air quality.
£nergy Heels on 'Trusses Allow More Insulation
7. Use Finger-Jointed Studs
~:!.:.'~¡¡': ïi I:': ,(.:, I
Finger jointed studs use short pieces
of 2x4 or 2x6 material glued together
to form standard stud lengths,
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Use fingerjolnted studs (graded
equivalent to full dimensional studs-
1997 UBC Standard, Chapters 23
and 35) wherever conventional studs
are typically u$ed, in vertical
applications, Use of fingerjolnted
studs may require code approval by
your local Jurisdiction, and may need
to be submitted to the structural
engineer of record for approval.
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Fingerjointed studs reduce the use
of solid sawn wood studs, They aœ
straighter and stronger than solid
sawn studs, eliminating crooked
walls and reducing material waste,
Standard Heel Height
le~ than 4" ford
4112 pitch
Energy Heel
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8, Use Engineered Studs for
Vel1ical Applications
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Engineered studs are laminates,
iike OSB, that are used in vertical
structural applications.
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Use fa' interi,,,,,, eKterior wall applica.
tiOl'l'; except v.tø'e JIDhibltOO by seismic
codes. They are particularly appro¡:riate
for tall cathedral wall applications.
~:':\Ci II:' I ¡!,
Engineered studs are straighter than
conventional studs and wi II not deform,
twist split or warp, They save wood
by using small laminated pieces,
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9, Use Recycled-Content Steel
Studs for Interior Framing
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Steel studs can be either stand·
alone or provide a "c" channel over
wood studs. Steel often contains
75% or higher recycled content,
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For use in non-insulated interior walls.
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Steel reduces the need for wood
and provides strong interior walls,
Steel Studs
10. Use Structural Insulated
Panels (SIPs) for Walls and Roof
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SIPs are high-performance, load·
bearing sheets that consist of a
core of foam insulation with OSB
on either side, SI PS can be used
for floors, walls and roofs in
residential buildings,
·:\,l;l~ .':;-,.:1
Use SiPs for structural exterior walls
and roofs in place of stick framing,
SIPs can be designed to meet
seismic Zone 4 requirements. Note,
It's important to seal thejoints well,
to avoid water penetration,
, 1';"('·
SiPs are more energy-efficient,
provide excellent soundproofing and
reduce infiltration relative to frame
construction, They can be erected
quickly, allowing for faster
construction, They save wood by
eliminating much of the
conventional framing lumber,
ç[:IIl.<;;truç:tion LJ:5ing SIP:!;
11 , Apply Advanced Framing
Techniques
'\;''Ii,\:.:('I:"I.
Advanced Framing involves
framing exterior and interior walls
24~ on center.
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Framing on 24· centers can replace
most conventional 16" on center
framing, The expanded centers may
reduce some types of siding
options. Advanced framing may
also include stacking trusses over
studs and using drywall clips,
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Expanding centers makes the home
more energy efficient while saving
wood and construction oosts. It also
allows for a higher percentage of the
wall to be Insulated reducing trame
conduction heat loss.
12. Use Reclaimed Lumber
U(-::~C:",':,,¡1' '
High quality dimensional lumber In
long lengths can often be salvaged
from old buildings that are being
deconstructed or salvaged,
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structural applications, in place of
new material.
i':;:'~I"'I:~i:;; .
Reclaimed lumber from decon-
structed buildings reduces resource
consumption and landfill deposits.
Reclaimed lumber is often of
higher quality than new lumber.
1.UseSustalnableDecklngMaterlals
A. Recycled Content Decking
I ' :~:ï':, I'i :':'1.:~,¡I·, .
There are two types of recycled content
decking: plastic lumber and ~.omposlte
lumber. Recycled plastic lumber
contains only recycled plastic resins,
while composite lumber Is made by
combining rocycled wood fiber and
recycled plastic resins,
'",::.". "):·;·',~n
Use recycled content decking in all
non-structural deck applications.
Both products can be used in place
of old-growth redwood, cedar and
pressure treated pine. These products
accept SO'eWS and nails, and cut like
wood, Follow manufacturer
recommendations closely regarding
the amount of expansion {hat will
occur when using plastic lumber.
:':';';:·':ii:.
The durability of these materials is
greater than wood, They wi II not rot,
crack or splinter, do not require
staining and are not treated with
potentially toxic chemicals, Using
recycled content decking also reduces
pressure on old-growth forests,
B. Forest Stewardship Council
(FSC) Certified Wood Decking
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Certified, sustainably harvested
lumber comes from forests managed
in an environmentally and socially
responsible manner.
;'·p::ï;i: ::~:-¡:..:'.
Use FSC Certified lumber for all exterior
decking applications or as structural
deck members in conjunction with
recycled content decking,
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FSC certification guarantees that
forests are managed in a way that
will assure the long-term availability
of precious woods while preserving
old growth forests,
2. Use Treated Wood That Does
Not Contain Chromium or Arsenic
for Decking and Sill Plates
Li:, :"., );'1: ~i::, ~.': '.
Alkaline Copper Quatenary (ACQ)
and Wolman Natural Select are
alternative treated woods that do not
contain chromium - a heavy metal -
and arsenic, which are detrimental
to human health.
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Use non-chromium/arsenic treated
woo:! for any application that specifies
treated lumber including decking,
fencing, sill plates, and site fumishings,
~,:,j{V¡(Jj:
ACQ and Wolman Natural Select use
copper B5 their main component,
and are a better alternative to
lumber treated with chromium and
arsenic, particularly for children who
play on or near decks,
3. Install House Wrap under Siding
>·'-(,::';¡,'I.I¡,:!I·
House wrap protects the sheathing
from moisture and allow> vapor from
Inside to escape,
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Install house wrap according to
manufacturer's specifications over all
sheathing before exterior finish Is
installed, To provide an effective
drainage plane for water, It needs to
be lapped and edges should be taped
with manufacturer's tape, Special
products have been developed for
wrapping window and door openings
and for stucco applications,
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House wrap provides a continuous
drainage plane that diverts water away
from openings and protects the homa
from mold, It can also help reduce
moisture build up in stud cavitis$ by
allowing water vapor to migrate
through the materiel.
4. Use Alternative Siding Materials
A. Use Recycled Content Siding
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Recycled content siding is often
called hardboard, Hardboard includes
varying amounts of recycled content
materials and looks and performs
like wood siding,
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Use hardboard where wood siding
Is Installed,
;:;~"'.\;' ,¡,~: '; :,
Siding that has been manufactured
with recycled wood fiber will not crack,
split or warp and holds paint longer
than solid IMJOd siding, therefore reduc-
Ing maintenance costs and resources.
B. Use Fiber-Cement Exterior Siding
:>:~!.:';·,rl,,\r,;('/';
Fiber-cement siding Is composed of
cement, sand and cellulose fiber>, It
Is usually textured to look like wood
siding or stucco finish.
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Fiber-cement siding can be cut with
a carbide or dlamond.tlpped saw
blade, snapper shears or with a
guillotine cutter, Dust protection
and control are required when
cutting with a circular saw.
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Fiber-cement siding Is more durable
than wood, termite resistant. non-
combustible and warranted to last
50 years, Using fiber-cement siding
reduces the demand for old-growth
redwood or cedar siding, It may also
reduce homeowner's Insurance rates
due to fire resistance,
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1. Insulate Hot and Cold Water Pipes
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Insulating water pipes reduces heat
loss or gain in the pipes while the
water is standing.
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Insulate hot water pipes in all runs
through unconditioned spaces:
basements, crawl spaces, attics,
etc. At a minimum, insulate both
hot and cold pipes at least 6 feet
from the hot water heater to prevent
convective circulation from the
heater through the pipes,
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Insulated pipes save energy and
water. The water does not need to
run as long to get hot water to a
distant faucet, thereby reducing hot
water heating costs,
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Faucets and Showers
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Flow reducers fit into the aerator .t
the tip of the faucet and reduce the
rate of water flow through the
faucet, Low-flow showerheads
replace standard showerheads,
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Specify low-flow water conservation
devices according to East Bay
Municipal Utility District's
(EBMUD) recommendations:
" Kitchen faucets ';2.0 gpm
.. Bathroom faucets ,;1 .5 gpm
.. Showerheads S2, 5 gpm
Limit showerheads to one
fixture per shower
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F low reducers can cut water usage
of faucets and showers by as much
as 40% with little noticeable effect,
3. Install Ultra-low-Flush Toilets
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New hlgh.efflclency toilets use 1 ,6
gpf (gallens per flush) or less. Serne
manufacture.,; offer dual fiush toilets,
Appi;:":'1",'::i:'!
Select a toilet from EBMUD
(www.ebmud.com) pre-tested list to
ensure the model actually useS no
more than 1,6 gpf and performs well.
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Ultra-Law-Flush toilets reduce the
amount of water usage.
4. Install Chlorine Filter on
Showerheads
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Water fi Iters on showerheads
reduce chemicals and particulates
from the water stream.
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Install the water filter between the
pipe and the existing showerhead,
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Chlorine Is absorbed 6 times faster
through the ski n than through the
digestive system, It has been shown
that chlorine absorption can have
adverse health effects on some
people and especially children,
5, Install Tankless Water Heater
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Tankless water heaters (flash or on·
demand heaters) heat water as needed
rather than having a tank in which
hot water Is stored. Their capacity to
provide tm V\ffier is virtually I.l1limited.
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Install tankless water heater as close
to the point of use as possible, The
device should have a varlable·set
thermostat and be appropriately
sized, Gas tankless water heaters
typically have more capacity than
electric tankles$ heaters.
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Conventional water heaters I"'" 15%
of their energy through standing
tank losses, whereas tank less heaters
use energy only for immediate hot
water needs. Tankless water heaters.
often are quicker and more reliable,
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6, Pre·Plumb for
Graywater Conversion
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Graywater is wa$tewater from sinks,
showers and washing machines that
is not contaminated by human waste,
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Graywater plumbing separates the
waste pipes from sinks, showers,
and washing machines from the
toilet waste, Graywater drains are
run to a holding tank similar to a
septic tank which, in turn, is used
to water plants, lawns and gardens,
Check with your local building
department for requirements,
;,';"\::'::;'.'
Graywater utilization cuts down on
the use of potable water for outside
irrigation and lawn watering, It i$
essentially recycl ing water at home,
7. Install Water Filtration
Units at Faucets
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Waw filtration units can be installed
at individual faucets or for the whole
house, They reduce chlorine and
many other chemicals, particulates
and microorganisms,
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Whole house fHters are for
drinking water and plumbing (not
for hO$eblb$ or toliet$), Install
filtration system between the cold
water line and the main drinking
water faucets In the house,
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Agricul\1.roi run-off, chemicallead1lng
and microorganisms increasingly
contaminate public water systems.
across the counuy. House filtration
systems reduce the health threat of
the5e contaminants.
6. Install On.Demand Hot Water
Circulation Pump
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An on-demand hot water circulation
pump can send hot water to fixtures
In seconds; without wasting water
while waiting for It to get hot, It uses
a pump to rapidly move water from a
water heater to fixtlJ"es, It stops when
water reaches a pre-set temperature.
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Install the pump at the furthest
faucet from the water heater. Only
one pump Is needed to supply hot
water to any fixture and can easily
be installed,
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Both water and energy are saved
since water doesn't have to be
wasted umil it reache$ the correct
temperature for use, Hot water
arrives to the fixture 5 times faster
than On average.
On-Demand Water C'rculatlon Pump
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Water Heoter
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Hot
'On-demand' Switch
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r----·m'^-;~;RGY ST:";:::::paCl fll:::~:::~~:;··w,!
¡ '. lasts up to eight times longer than incandescent lighting.
.t"....... Save $22 to $65 in energy costs over the life Df a
~ ¡~l 0' compact fluorescent bulb. You'll replace an incandescent
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¡'!. \:;1\;::,:1 ~'\ How do you cMose the right comp<1ct
( '~' fluorp.!:>cent. bulb? The following Is <:t
~ general guìde to assl~t you:
1. Install Compact Fluorescent
Light Bulbs (CFLs)
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CFLs scrfNI in like conventional bulbs
but consume up to one·fourth of the
electricity u$ed by incandescent
bulbs to produce an equivalem
amoum of light.
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Install CFLs in place of standard
incandescem bulbs, CFLs are not
recommended for fixtures that are
tumed on and off many times per
day, i.e, a busy bathroom, Choose a
CFL that is one-fourth the wattage of
the Incandescent bulb.
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Compact fluorescent bulbs are a
profitable investmem, saving several
times their purchase price through
reduced electricity bills and fewer
replacement bulbs because they
last eight times longer,
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2, InSUllllnsulatlon-Compatlble (Ie)
Recessed Lighting Fixtures for
Compact Fluorescent Lamps
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Conventional recessed fixtures allow
heat to be exhausted into the attic
space, Alr.tlght IC fixttres are sealed,
allowing insulation to be blown On
top to keep the heat in,
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Use alr.tlght IC fixtures In soffits
and under insulated spaces,
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Typical reœs$ed fixtures lose heat as
well as allow hot attic airto infiltrate
into the house In summer months.
Air·tight IC fixtures dramatically
reduce the amount of heat lossfga in
through these openings.
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Exi5ting Incandescent Lamp Proposed ENERGY STAR'"
Compact Ruorescent Bulb
40·60 watts 11 -15 watts
75 watts 16" 20 watts
90 .. 100 watts 23 .. 40 watts
Savings over tIæ
life of the bulb
$22 - $35
$43.
$52 '/'
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3. Install lighting Controls
D;":~;,..I ¡:,;I.;:",';"
Lighting controls use dimmers,
sensors and timers to turn lights off
In unused areas or during times
when lighting is not needed.
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specific locations or as a whole
house system. Lighting controls are
especially applicable for exterior
uses. Dimmable CFLs are available
at a premium.
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by having the lights on for shorter
periods of time,
4. Install High-Efficiency
Ceiling Fans with Compact
Florescent lamps
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Ceiling fans improve interior comfort
by circulating cold and warm air, They
can be aqjusted to either draw worm
air upward during summer months or
push it downward during the winter,
':"'¡';:,11;(:\,',¡;()I¡:
Prafereble locations are bedrooms aOO
living rooms where occupants spend
time, Ceiling fans must be supported
adequately between cellingjoists,
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Ceiling fans Can reduce the need
for air conditioning and heating,
1. Offer ENERGY STAR' Dishwasher 3. Offer Energy-Efficient
Refrigerator
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EN ERGY STAR' dishwashers use
water and energy more efficiently,
i'c,'pi;(,::Iï.k·(.:
Select ENERGY STAR' dishwashers,
These dishwashers use an internal
water heater to boost temperatures
Inside the dishwasher. For this
reason, water heaters can be turned
down to 120 degrees, saving water
heating costs.
:":\?r')~: "';\:
Water-efficient dishwashers are also
energy-efficient because most
energy consumed by dishwashers is
used to heat water.
2, Offer Horizontal Axis
Washing Machine
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Horizontal axis machines load from
the front, spinning clothes in and
out of the wat..- to tumble 1I1em clean,
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Select ENERGY STAR' horizontal
axis washing machines,
Fi::'¡"{i:'·;:
Horizontal axis machlne!ii save
reSOurCes by using less water and
energy, They use up to 40% less
water and 50% less energy than
conventional top loading washers,
translating into lower energy and
water bills f... the resident,
Manufacturers claim that there is
less wear and tear on clothes
compared to the traditional agitator
(top loading) machines,
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Refrigerators and freezers are among
the largest users of electricity in
most homes, They can account for
up to 25% of household energy use,
New appliances are much more
energy-efficient.
",':·,1''';.''"",
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refrigerators,
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ENERGY STAR' refrigerators can
save over 10% of the total annual
electrical bill. Check with your local
utility company for rebate programs,
Built-lri Ri;'!CYLllt~9 Cenær
H[JI'il'.ont~1 AJ.:i$ washing M<j(;I~ nes
4. Install Built-In Recycling
Center
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Built-in recycling centers provide
bins for separated recyclables and
food waste,
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Recycling bins cen be built Into
kitchen cabinets, as well as stand-
alone units In the garage,
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A built It recycling center keeps
materials separated and free from
contamination, making it easy and
convenient to recycle.
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1, Upgrade Wall and Ceiling
Insulation to Exceed
TItle 24 Requirements
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Insulation in exterior walls and
ceilings can reduce the demand for
air conditioning and heating and
make homes more comfonable,
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A, Wall Insulation
Insulate walls to exceed
Title 24 Standards:
Zone 3:
Increa'e R·13 by 20% to R·16.
Zone 12;
Increase R·19 by 20% to R·23,
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B. Ceiling Insulation
Increase ceiling Insulation
to exceed Title 24 Standards:
Zone 3;
Increase R-30 by 20% to R-36,
Zone 1 Z:
Increase R·38 by 20% to R·45.
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Increased wall and ceiling Insulation
Improves comfort, deere""" heating
and cooling requiremenl$, ~ave$
money, and makes the home quieter,
AlamedCl COllrJty encompasses two dltten~nt climate' zone's as Identified by
.sl.al~ or Ci:lhfOJnii:l fiUe 24 Energy Code. E[lCI110tH~ has spP.clflC reqUirements
as set furth In Iltle 24
2. Install Recycled Content,
Formaldehyde-Free Fiberglass
Insulation
i")':~!":\'j i í:¡ ¡. :;',I"¡
Many fiberglass insulation products
Include recycled gla55, formaldehyde-
free binders, non-asphalt adhesives
or colored dyes,
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When using fiberglass insulation,
specify recycled content and no
formaldehyde, Fiberglass insulation
can be used for any typical
insulation installation,
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Formaldehyde-free binders reduce
indoor air quality problems and
insulation may contain up to 30%
recycled glass.
3, Use Advanced Infiltration
Reduction Practices
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Expandable foam and caulk are
used to prevent Infiltration where
wood connections are made or
framing is drilled to provide for
plumbing and electrical runs,
.:',: '!I" ': \, "~"k., :':<
These methods are especially
important when fiberglass
insulation is installed, since
fibergla5< does little to reduce
infiltration, Seal holes between
floor> and between stud cavities
around wire runs, Caulk top and
bottom plates on all floors,
f',:~.'1 d;1
Reduction in infiltration increases
comfort and reduces energy bills,
4. Use Cellulose Insulation
A, Walls
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Cellulose Is a highly effective
insulation made out of ,,"cycled
newspaper. Damp-blown spray
cellulose wall insulation is mixed
with low toxic binders to adhere to
stud and joist cavity surfaces,
.:. ïJ; ¡;) ;": (~·,:'i'.,JI·'!
This installation is appropriate for
new construction, Avoid damp-
blown cellulose during wet months
and install drywall only after testing
for 25% (maximum) moisture
content. Use boric acid treatment
only; avoid ammonium sulfate
treated cellulose insulation.
~~'::I';'::'III
Spray insulation completely fills
cavities' and penetrations, thus
reducing air infiltration, The binder
in the Insulation also reduces the air
movement within wall cavities,
reducing moisture intrusion and
flame spread, Using cellulose
insulation makes the home quieter,
more comfortable and reduces
energy use by 20·40%
Damp-Blown Spray Cellulose Wall Insulation
8, Ceilings
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Ory.blown or loose-fill cellulose is
treated with bo"ates Ii:r fire and insect
rnsistanœ, Cellulose does not contain
formaldehyde, which is common in
many fiberglass insulations.
AI·,'; < ;,:,..¡:"
Spread cellulose over ceilingJol$!s
or blow into tight cav~ies to increase
ceiling R-value. It is important to
maintain attic or ceiling ventilation
pathways, especially in cathedral
ceiling applications, Avoid
excessive blown-in cellulose behind
netting as it may make it difficult
to achieve flat walls and ceilings
with drywall. Best to use 5i8"
drywall only over dry-blown
cellulose Insulation. Use boric acid
treatment only, avoid ammonium
sulfate treated cellulose,
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Cellulose insulation is formaldehyde-
free, provides up to 22-55% higher
fire resistance. manufactured with
recycled materials, It also reduces
air leakage and contributes to a
more comfortable and energy-
efficient home,
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1. Install Energy-Efficient Windows
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Window<; playa big ",Ie In the energy
efficiency of homes, I n the summer,
they can allow unwanted heat into
the house, and in the winter, windows
can account for as much as 25% of
the heat loss, When selecting
windows, look for models with the
following energy saving features:
A. Double-Paned Windows
:..11' ,I,:"",.:'")!',
Double glazing insulates almost
twice as well as single glazing,
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Install double-paned windows
whenever possible,
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High quality double-paned windoW5
make the whole house quieter and
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{t National Fenestration
.-.-..-.. Rating Cou~.!_
Indt!flOOð9I\!
Mnllni~tf¡ , or
AAA Window Company.
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Engrgy Rating Factors
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1. LDok for this. label :::I.'; your Assurance t.hm
this window t1<l~ been independently rated
using a procedure established bythc NtRC.
Although other labels may be present. the
NFRC laM! is your b~ :!;ùur't(J of ûnorgy
perform¡:;¡nC;f. Information.
2. U·tactor is a mC/:I$um or Mat l.fi':lns '(¡¡wd
by the entire wirtOOw (franlC. sash and glass)
either inm or Dut. of the building. A smllller
U-f<1tUi will þlUviœ a windON which is more
comfortable on cola clays. lry to purcna~e a
window with the lowest U·factof.
3.. $olar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) Is a
measure of the solar energy entering the
bUilding mùugh Hlù etitiru, window. A IO\NØf
SHGC will reduce aIr conditioning costs and
provide more comfort on hot days.
4. VISible lWI':>(tlitlallc8 (VT) j~ a moo~tB of
the amourt, at y [;lble ~ght entt~'lng tI~ Wlr(1(M.
Try to select. swindowwlth a nigfl VI It. will
bring rrnre ni1tur¡¡1 d<ly-light into your home.
s. Inde J(;!ndent C~rtifiç;;rt;ion and Inspection
AgellC'f (IA) selected by the window
n'lar-ul'ac1:urcl'. AJI rostlt\jISOO1ùbyan NFRC·
æcredited laboratory. an(:! results lire sent to
[hI) IA for ~luati(Ji. Both Iat:x:x<ll:lXi~,¡" I'1d
rY"If!l1l¡focturer.:; lire Inspected ,fII11lUlllly to
l'fls.ure that NFRC standards am
mainl1linoo.
6. Name of the window manufar.tllrer.
7. NfRC technical procedUres by wnlcn the
window W3S evaluated.
8. The NFRC "ratlng", a IlLlmf!r!ca! value,
œpresents the appllcahle ellergy performance
charaCteriSlic, Ru:.ldúntia.1 (or" "M") a.nd
Non-residential (or "Ba") are NFRC size
designations. Repre::.entBtive test sizes 8Æ1
chJsen fa-eachpradLr.ttypeand identical siM¡
<Ira O:Jrnp:.lréd i:II1i~ diFferent mar\urilcl~J.
$, Mamrfacturer'5 descrIptIon of the laPeled
product.
5ìmS"l:c:IIIWW.pgr..L:urn
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more comfortable during all seasons,
while saving energy and money,
p, Low-Emissivity (Low-E) Windows
:)~.: :"<1 i'~!I.¡ ,¡!~
Low-E coatings, virtually unnoticeable
to the eye, are installed inside the
air space of a double· paned window,
The low-E coatings help prevent
heat from escaping through the
glass In winter and block heat from
entering the home during summer.
l\r·r'¡,:;:(~;)I\
Use low-E, double-paned windoW5,
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Low-E wlndoW5 refiect heat, making
the home more comfortable in cold
weather and on hot summer days.
The cost premium for low-E glass
typically pays for itself In a few years,
Low·E, double-paned glass coating
increases glass R-value to 3 compared
to R-1 for single.glazed windows,
c. Low·Conductlvlty Frames
"",';,'i:',I::.:VI
Most window frames and sashes 'are
made of wood, vinyl. fiberglass or
aluminum. Wood, vinyl and
fiberglass generally insulate better
than aluminum frames.
1\ ,',\(1: k, :,\~'.:(.~~ :
Consider specifying wood windoW5
.s standard window packages,
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Wood windows create greater comfon
and better energy efficiency and are
an ernlronmentally ¡referable material.
1, Use Imt Mastic on all Duct Joints 3. Vent Range Hood to
the Outside
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Leaks in the joints between ductwork
allow conditioned air to escape into
attics and basements. Duct \J)pe loses
its effectiveness in 3-5 years, Mastic
maimains the seal for decades,
I', I "',:; ,~'.:'1 :",:f ,\',:
Install mastic at every duct joint and
around the bends in elbows, It is
importam for all ducts to be sealed,
,":¡ i"':",~'·:, :.¡,
Leaky air ducts can cause negative
pressure in the house which can
allow carbon monoxide from gas
water heaters and furnaces into the
home. Well-sealed ductwork al50
keeps the house more comfortable,
2. Install Ductwork within
Conditioned Space
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Oucts In exterior walls, attics and In
uninsuiated spaces iose a significant
amoum of heated or cooled air capaci1}',
:\:'.:',:¡ic:,\,ir,:r;
All ductwork for heating or cooling
should be run through conditioned
space inside the insulated envelope,
Duct runs roquirc d1ase5 to be dc5igrod
imo the home from the beginning,
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Locating ducts in the conditioned
space significantly reduces energy
1055 and improves occupam comfort,
l'i:""',',",:'¡:'i1'::"',:'I
Steam, gases, smoke and other
combustion by-products (such as
unburned hydrocarbons) can result
from cooking, Stovetop range
hoods expel these by. products to
the outside,
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Range hoods are particularly
Important for gas stoves and can be
ins\J)lled where stoves are adjacent
to exterior walls.
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Range hoods improve indoor air
quality, prevent overheating and
excess moisture build-up.
4. Clean all Ducts Before Ocœpancy
I';, ""'.d>¡,",
DelTis and dust from construction can
cause allergic reactions In occupants,
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Clean or vacuum all ductwork before
occupancy to eliminate dust. Clean
ducts before carpet is laid am finishes
are applied, Reduce dust buiid-up
by temporarily blocking registers at
tlmc of duct installation,
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Children are especially sensitive to
micro particulates like drywall dust,
Cleaning and vacuuming ductwork
reduces dust around the house
after occupancy,
5. Install Attic Ventilation Systems
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Soffit and eave ventilation and gable!
cominuous ridge ventilation exhausts
excess heat and moisture from attic
spaces by natural convection.
'!\~)i":; ;'; 1.,,",11'
Install equal amounts of ventilation
between the soffits/eaves and the
gables/ridges. The code requirement
of 1 sqJare foot of net fræ ..-.a of vent-
ing for every 1 50 square feet of attic
fiOO" area shci.Jld be doJbled. Keep insu·
lation from blocking the soffit vents.
;',) ,:,~I ':1:": : :
Attics can reach 140'-160' F on a
hot summer day. That heat migrates
imo the house, exchanging air with
the living space, Eave and soffit
venting and continuous ridge veming
Increa5e5 comfon., reduces air con-
ditioning <:Osts and reduces problems
associated with excess attiç rnoi~l,J'e.
6. Install Whole House Fan
1..' c"'.' i!' :jl,'! ,~I:' I
\M'<Jle house fans can cool a house with-
out using an air conditioner by bringing
in large volumes Of fresh air at night.
'''"-;'f·III:-.-.I.:(;';
The fan must be rmunted in a hallway
ceiling on the top floor. An Insulated,
airtight seal is necessary to prevent
air leakage in winter, Fans should
be sized to produce between 4-5 air
changes per hour and should have
two speeds: low speed for continuous
ventilation and high speed, Keep a
window open at night to avoid back·
drafting af carbon monoxide in gas
appliance flues.
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An average whole house fan U5e5 one--
tenth tte eleclTicity of an air cond~ioning
unit. Moving large volumes of air can
achieve indoor comfort at higher tem-
perature< without air conditioning.
7. Install Sealed Combustion
Furnaces and Hot water Heaters
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Sealed combustion furnaces and
water heaters duct fresh air directly
into a sealed jacket around the
combustion chamber eliminating the
use of house air for combustion,
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Install In place of conventional
furnaces or hot water heaters.
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Natural go> furnaces and hot water
heaters use indoor air for combustion.
When a negative pressure situation
is created in the home by exhaust
fans, dryers or leaky ducts, carbon
monoxide can be pulled into the
house from the combustion chamber,
Sealed furnaces and hot water heaters
eliminate that condition, thereby
improving indoor air quality and
reducing the danger of carbon
monoxide contamination.
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B. Install 13 SEER and 11 EER or
Higher Air Conditioning with a
Thermostatic hpansion Valve (TXV)
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Air conditioning equipment Is one of
the greatest loacl> on power grids, SEER
\,"1
(Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio)
rn..sure$ cooling system efficiency at
low temperatures while EER (Energy
Efficiency Ratio) is a high temperature
performance rating. The higher the
SEERlEER number the less power is
required In provide comlbrt. This assures
that the air conditioning system oper-
ates at high efficiency during the full
range of summer temperatures, TIN Is a
refrigerant regulation devioe that can
help ensure that the air conditioning
system operates at maximum efficiency
over a wide range of cond~ions,
... ¡ ':.::ï: i: ' . ~\ i::'. ~
Higher SEER (13-18 SEER) and EER
(11 or greater) units are installed like
any other AC equipment. Some AC
equipment comes with a factory
Installed TXV and others accept a TIN
that can be bolted on. Zoned AC
systems all"" 2 to 4 zones to be condi-
tioned at different temperatlJ'es so only
the spaces being used are cooled.
Tl1ese require thermostats in ""ch zone.
f:>i":t:';¡:.
High SEER units save money and energy
and reduce peak load problems for
utllltie$. High EER systems not only
save money and energy but offer
more cooling when you need it most,
on very hot days. Installing air
conditioning systems with a TXV
lowers utility bills and saves energy,
9. Install Air Conditioning with
Non-HCFC Refrigerants
U'i;"':,;,'I';~'¡'~¡';'I"~
R-22 is an HCFC refrigerant used In
residential heating and cooling
systems. R-22 contains chlorine
which is an ozone-destroying
chemical. In 2010, under the Clean
Air Act, HVAC manufacturers can no
longer produce new air conditioners
using R-22,
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Some new AC units already use the
alternative to R-22 refrigerant,
R-410A, such as the trade brand
Puron, Additional care should be
taken when handling refrigerants,
always select a rep<ltable dealer
who employs service technicians
that have achieved Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA)
certification to handle refrigerants,
~»·,":n'·
Using alternatives to HCFC
refrigerants eliminates depletion of
the ozone layer in case of leakage
during replacement,
10, Install 90% AFUE (Annual
Fuel Util ization Efficiency) or
Greater Furnace
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High efficiency furnaces convert
gas to heat with greater efficiency,
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Install high efficiency furnace in
place of conventional furnace,
Installing the propcr size of furnace
for the home isjust as Important as
its efficiency. Check with your local
utility company fΠrebate information.
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A properly sized, high-efficiency
furnace costs less to operate, It
saves natural resourC$$, reduces air
emissions and helps create a
cleaner environment.
11. Eliminate Wood Burning
Fireplaces
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The buming of wood in fireplaces is
a m'!jor source of air pollution
during the winter months, generating
up to one-third of the particulate
matter on cold evenings..
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Install EPA certified wood stoves,
fireplace inserts, poilet stoves or
natural gas units, These units should
have out$ide combustion air vented
directly into the insert or unit.
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The amount of pollutant particulate
matter will be reduced significantly
compared to that of a SbJndard wood
burning fireplace,
12. Install Zoned, Hydronlc,
Radiant Heating
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Hydronle heating forces hot water
through radiators located in
different areas or zones throughout
the house. It Is typieaily installed
a$ ba~boards or În floors.
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Usc hydronic, radiant heating
instead of forced air heating, The
system must be designed before
çonstruction starts.
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Hydronic heating is more comfortable
and saves energy by heating only
the tone that requires heat.
13. Install High-Efficiency
Panlculate Air (HEPA) Filter
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HEPA filters remove over 90% of
dust and particulates from the air,
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HEPA filters are installed in the
return air stream at the air handler,
which should be sized to handle
the reduced air pressure caused by
the filter, Some units have an air
conditioning serring for the fan that
will handle the retrofit filter,
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The EPA has identified miçropartlcu-
lates as a leading cause of respiratory
discomfort, By removing these par-
ticles, the HEPA filter makes the
living space healthier,
14. Install Heat Recovery
Ventilation Unit (HRV)
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An HRV Is a mechanical ventilation
system that recovers heat from
exhausted indoor air and transfers
It to the Incoming fresh air stream,
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The unit should be designed into the
HVAC system to capture heat from
exhausted air from the house,
Note: Use of this equipment Is par-
ticularly appropriate with blower door
test resuns of less than ,35 Natu'al
Air Changes per Hour (NACH), which
~ the air Ug>tr-.ess of the h:Juse
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Air-to-air heat exchangers provide for
fre3h air in winter while exhausting
stale indoor air, Heat is captured
from the exhausted air stream and
transferred to the incoming air,
15. Install Separate Garage
Exhaust ran
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According to the U.S. Environmental
Protecti"" Agency (EPA), an attached
garage Is the 51 ngle most significant
contributor to poor indoor air quality.
Car exhaust contains many known
carcinogens and can migrate into living
spaces through doors and cracks in
walls am ceiling aQjacent to the garage,
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Install exhaust fan on the opposite
wall frorrl the door to the house, It can
be wired to an electric garage door or
put on a timer to run for 15 minutes
after door has been opened or closed,
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An exhaust fan creates a healthier
indoor environment by reducing the
potential hazard of car exhaust
from entering the house,
Radiant Floor Heating
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1. Pre-Plumb for
Solar Water Heating
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Insulated copper pipes are installed
from the attic to a hot water closet
or mechanical room for future solar
installation, This option allows the
homeowner to Install an active solar
system at a later date if they desire,
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Provide south-facing roof area for
collectors and access for piping to
a mechanical room.
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save money for the homeowner if,
at some point in the future, they
want to install a solar system,
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Solar Hot Water and
Space Heating System
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Hot Water i I· t ¡ ¡
Storage Ta~k IJI : .I
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2, Install Solar Water S}'1Item
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Solar water heati ng systems use
solar panels to collect heat from the
sun. The hot water is stored for use
at a later time, Water pre-heated by
a solar system can also supplement
use of a standard water heater.
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Provide sufficient south.faclng roof
area for collectors, and allow space
in a hot water closet for the
additional hot water storage tank.
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Solar hot water sy$tems can pay
back in as little as seven years .nd
reduce the use of gas or electricity
for water heating,
3. Pre-Wire for Future
Photovolalic (PV) Installation
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Running wires from the roof to the
electric service entrance/circuit
breaker panel can save costly
installation of photovoltalc panels
at a future date,
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Run two pair #10 THHN wire plus
#8 ground In conduit from the
south facing roof to ajunction box
near the p.nel (don't wire the
panel), East and West facing roofs
can work if the south Is unavailable
or shaded for panels,
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Photovoltaic panels and systems will
continue to drop in price over the
next few years. Homebuyers may
not be able to afford the system
today but may be Interested in the
future when the price comes down.
4. Install Photovoltaic (PV)
Panels
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PV panels contain hundreds of
small cells that collect the sun's
energy and convert it into electricity,
Excess electricity can be sent back
into the utility!1id, ThcOJllected
energy can also be stored in large
batteries to meet the needs of
nighttime energy requirements,
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Typical PV installations include fiat
roof, sloped roof, building Integrated
PV and guund mount, Items to
consider when installing PV include:
sunlight.mlnlmum of 4 hours required
during peak period (8 a,m, to 4 p,m.)
with no shade: orientation.anythlng
but North; angle-fiat to 60 <:IE9'aes:
adequate roof area-depending on
type of PV selected (monocrystal,
polycry$al or amorphous),
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PV panels can be used as a means
to decrease reliance on
conventional power plants that
contribute to air pollution.
Ins.l¡)lIit~g Solar Water System
5. Install Solar (PV)
Walkway Lights
6. Select Safe and Durable
Roofing Materials
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Solar walkway or exterior lighting
use photovoltaic cells (pv) to create
electricity during the day and store
it in batteries for night time use,
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40·50 year asphalt composition,
tile, slate, fiber-cement and metal
are examples of safe and durable
roofing materials, Avoid cedar and
wood shake shingles,
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Lights can be placed anywhere
without the need to run wires as
long as they receive sunlight
during the day,
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Applicable anytime roofing material
Is specified,
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PV lighting is cost effective and
reduces the need for grld.provlded
electricity,
A durable and safe roof Is cost
effective and reduces landfill
deposits,
7. Install Radiant Barrier
Roof Sheathing
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When radiant energy from the sun
$trIkes a surface, it is converted to
heat energy, A radiant barrier
reflects radiant heat and does not
emit it to the cooler surfaces around
it. Radiant barrier sheathing is a
roof sheathing material with a
reflective layer (film or foil) applied
to the underside,
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Radiant barrier sheathing can be
used in place of conventional roof
sheathing, Apply reflective material
to the underside of rafter,;,
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Radiant barrier sheathing reduces
heat bulld.up in attic spaces by not
re-radlatlng heat from to roof to the
attic, It can prevent up to 97% of the
sun's radiant heat from entering the
home and can bring attic temperatures
down as much as 30 degrw. on hot
day<;, keeping the whole home cooler
and reducing energy consumption
for air conditioning,
Pt,otovoltalc Panel Sysœm
Radiant Barril:!f Sheathing
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1, Incorporate Passive
Solar Heating
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Passive sol..- systems pra;ide heat to the
strucnre tiYough south facing windows
In conjunction with thermal mass,
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The house must incorporate windows
that face within 30 degrees of due
south and have the ability to store
excess heat in massil/e eloments such
as a slab floor or stone fireplace,
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Passive solar design can reduce
heating requirements by 30·50%,
saving energy and money,
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2, Install OVerhangs or Awnings
over South Facing Windows
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Properly sized overhangs or awnings on
south facing windows are important
components of passive solar heating
and natural cooling, OVerhangs and
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awnings help keep the heat of the sun
from entering the heme during un,^",,"
tad times, but all"" heat tD enter In the
winter, These shade comrol devioes
can be oversized roof overhangs,
wood trellises/arbors with deciduous
plants, or aqjustable or demountable
awnings made of fabric or metal.
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The overhang or awning design
should keep out summer sun by
shading the entire window during
the hottest month(s) of the year. Size
overhangs or awnings above south
windows so that winter sunlight is
allowed into the space, where It can
be absorbed by thermal mass, and
be re-radiated as heat, Also
consider shading devices on the
west and east facl ng wi ndows to
protect from morning and afternoon
heat, especially in hotter climates,
H,::I'i".,lï:
OVerhangs, awnings and trellises are
an integral part of making passive
solar heating and natural cooling
work, Removable/retractable fabric
awnings offer a low cost solution to
reduce heat gain, lower energy bills,
and make the home more comfortable
in the summer
3. Plant Deciduous Shade Trees
on the West and South Sides of
the Home
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During summer months, the sun
shines on the south and west sides
of the home causing the home to
heat up which in turn makes air
conditioners work their hardest.
Trees offer the best solution for
keeping out low-angle sunlight from
west and south windows In summer,
The additional cooling demanded
by low-angle sun penetration of
west windows in late summer after-
noons create the most significant
summer peak utility costs,
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Plant shade trees on the west and
south sides of the home to provide
shade and summer cooling. The
most Important areas to shade are
windows and paved areas, Keep
trees three feet from the foundation
to avoid introduction of pests and
root intrusions. Avoid planting trees
too close to the home or utilities..
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Planting shade trees can reduce
summer air-conditioning costs by
25% to 40%. Trees provide
numerous additional benefits to the
environment including clean5ing
the air, creating habitats for birds
and play places for children as well
as adding aesthetic beauty to the
neighborhood. Through shade and
evapotranspiration, trees can create a
microclimate that Is up to 15 degrees
cooler than the surrounding area.
1. Install Whole House
Vacuum System
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Whole house vacuums exhaust the
dust from the house outside rather
than collecting it In a bag that may
not filter the dust effectively,
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be vented outdoors, not Into a
garage, and not to any area where air
may be taken back into the house,
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New generation portable vacuum
cleaners may have HEPA filter that
reduce the size of dust particles blown
back into the house, Most vacuum
cleaners do not filter the dust
effectively and merely redistribute
the dust that Is most harmful to the
respiratory system. This can aggravate
asthma and other respiratory
problems, Whole house vacuums
expel the dust outside the house,
2, Use Low/No-Vae and
Formaldehyde-Free Paint
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Most paint releases volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), a mijior indoor
air pollutant, into the home, Once
outside, VOCs react with other
pollutants, prooucing ground-I""el
ozone that also affects human
health, Often 10w/no.vOC products
are manufactured without mercury
or mercury compounds, or pigments
of lead, cadmium, chromium, or
their oxides,
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Paint with 10w/no-VOCs is available
from most m'!jor manufacturers and
is applied like traditional paint
products, High washability should
be specified for bathrooms, kitchens
and children's bedrooms. Every
finish and rrost colors are available in
low/no-vac paints,
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Low/No-VOC paint reduces the
emissions of VOCs into the home,
improving Indoor air quality and
reducing the formation of urban smog,
3. Use Low vae. Water-Based
Wood Finishes
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Conventional solvent-based wood
finishes can "offgas- for months,
and can be harmful to children,
"Offga$$ing" means the solvents
are continuously released Into the air,
which contributes to poor indoor air
quality. Low VOC finishes, such as
water -borne urethane and acryl ic, are
lower in toxic compounds compared
to conventional solvent-based finishes
while providing similar durability
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Low VOC wood finishes can be used
In most applications where soivent-
based finishes are typically used, If
solvent-based wooo finishes must be
used, they should be left to offgas for
three to four weeks ¡:tior to occuparcy.
;:\,.,:',¡,:,·ri.
Using low VOC wood finishes reduces
off gassing Into the home, improving
Indoor air quality, and reducing the
formation of urban smog.
I..ow/No-VQC pi!irit
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Unlike solvent-based adhesives
that offgas toxic compounds for
months, solvent-free adhesives
reduce toxic gasses such as aromatic
hydrocarbons or solvents that
contribute to air pollution,
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Use solvent-fræ products in place
of standard adhesives fur all int<rior
applications such as installation of
flooring, countertops, wall coverings,
paneling and tub/shewer enclosures.
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Solvent-free adhesives are often
stronger, emit fewer pollutants, and
reduce the potential harmful
impacts on the health of the
occupants and installers,
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5. Substitute Particleboard with
Formaldehyde-Free Materials
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Particleboard Is made from I>OOd
fibers and an adhesive that contains
urea-formaldehyde, a suspected
human carcinogen, 111e formaldehyde
is continuously released, which
contributes to poor Indoor air quality,
Particleboard is Iypiçally u$eel for
cabinets, countertops, stair treads,
and shelving.
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Whenever possible, eliminate new
particleboard inside houses by
using solid wood for stair treads,
certified exterior grade plywood or
formaldehyde-free medium density
fiberboard (MOF) for shelving,
cabinets and sub$\rate for countertops,
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Elimination of particleboard reduces
formaldehyde exposure to residents,
particularly children, who are most
susceptible.
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6. Use Exterior Grade Plywood
for Interior Uses
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Exterior plywood uses phenolic
resins that offgas much less than
intE~rior plywood. Interior plywood
typically uses urea-formaldehyde
glue which offgasses into the house,
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Substitute Interl... plywood with
exterior plywood for custom cabinets
and shelving,
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Formaldehyde is a suspected human
carcinogen and should be avoided
whenever possible,
7. Use Formaldehyde-Free
Medium Density Fiberboard
(MDF) and Materials
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Most MDF is made from sawdust
and an adhesive that contains urea
formaldehyde, a suspected human
carcinogen, MOF without
formaldehyde binders is now
available, Dther alternatives Include
FOrllii:!ldet1yae-Free Medium Density
Fib+!rboard Trhl'l
certified plywood and boards
made from agricultural waste,
suc:h as wheatboard, a straw·
based partic:leboard manufanured
with non-formaldehyde and
emlsslon·free binders.
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Whenever possible, eliminate
formaldehyde-based MDF inside
the home, MDF is typically used for
cabinets, trim, and shelving, Use
alternatives: such as certified
plywood, formaldehyde. free MDF,
or wheatboard for $helving and
cabinets, Use tile, stone, concrete
or natural linoleum for CDuntertops.
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Reduces formaldehyde exposure to
residents, particularly children,
who are mœt susc:eptlble, Some
boards made from agricultural
waste are superior to wood-based
particleboard in moisture resistance
and struc:tural properties, and
provides for the reuse of a former
waste product.
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Forest Stewardship Council
The FSC logo on a produc:t
provides consumer<; with an
assurance that the wood they use
(:Ome< from forest5 managed In
an environmentally and $Oclally
responsible manner.
8. Seal all Exposed
Particleboard or MDF
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Using less-toxic, low permeability
paint or sealer to seal exposed
particleboard or MDF will reduce
the release of harmful gasses and is
the next best $Olution to elimination
of particleboard,
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Whenever formaldehyde-based
MDF or pertlcleboard is used, seal
all exposed edges of cabinets,
undersides of countertops, stair<;,
shelving, etl:, with at least two coats
of less·toxic, low permeability paint
or sealer prior to installation,
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Sealing all exposed particleboard
reduœs exposure of halTl1ful emissions
to residents, particularly children,
who are most susceptible,
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Smart Wood and Scientific
Certification Series
These groups verify that forest
management Is accomplished
according to the FSC program,
9. Use Forest Stewardship
Council (FSCJ Certified Materials
D'::~';::;".¡.r:,':,); ,
FSC c:ertified materials (e.g. trim,
door<;, shelving) come from forests
that are managed in accordance
with sustainable forest practices, It
is particularly important to specify
certified wood instead of clear,
knot-free trim as this material is
typically harvested from non-
sustainable, old growth forests.
P'Pi·!:i:..-:;I','·
Use FSC certified materials in any
application that normally uses
conventional stain-grade material?
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Sustainable fcre<;t certification assures
that the forest from which the trim is
produced is managed in a way that wi II
assure the long.term availability of
these prec:lou< woods while protecting
andent, old growth forests.
10. Use Finger-Jointed or
Recycled Content Trim
;.: '~:.'i ~\T i ¡ )1· j ~.'i' ; :
Finger jointed trim is manufactured
from 'short pieces of clear wood
glued together to create finished
trim, Recycled content trim is "",de
from recycled polystyrene/plastics.
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Use finger jointed or recycled
content trim In any application
where trim is to be painted,
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Fingerjointed or recyc:led content
trim Is straighter and more stable
than conventional clear wood, and
uses materials more efficiently.
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1. Select Forest Stewardship
Council (FSC) Certified
Wood Flooring
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Certified wood flooring comes
from forests that are managed in
i:lccordance with susta i nable forest
practices, Certified wood flooring
products are available in a wide
variety of domestic and exotic species,
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Use FSC certified wood In place of
conventional hardwood flooring,
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aSsures that the forest from which
the flooring is produced is managed
in a way that will asSure the long-
term availability of these precious
woods while protecting ancient,
old-growth forests,
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2. Use Rapidly Renewable
Flooring Materials
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Bamboo and cork flooring are
alterneti_ to hardwood flooring.
Bamboo is a fast growing grass that
can be harvested in three to five
years. Cork is a natural flooring
material that is obtained from the
outer bark of the cork oak tree that
is regenerated every 10 years,
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Uæ these alœrrntive fiOO'ing materials
in place of conventional hardwood,
Make sure that a durable finish Is
used On the product
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Fast growing, rapidly renewable floor
substitutes are attractive and reduce
pressure on hardwood forests. Bamboo
is as durnble as 1IIOOd; cork is naturally
fire and moisture resistant as well
as sound absorbing.
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3. Use Recycled Content
Ceramic TIles
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Recycled content ceramic tiles can
contain up to 70% recycled glass.
Originally developed for high traffic
commercial conditions, recycled
content tiles are very durable and
wear well in residential appl icatlons,
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Install recycled content tiles v.herever
conventional tiles are specified.
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Sorne recycled content ceramic tile
Is very dense which significantly
reduces the amount of moisture and
stains that are absorbed into the
tile, making It more durable and
easier to maintain,
N<JlI..Ir'.rJI Linoleum
4. Install Natural Linoleum in
Place of Vinyl Flooring
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Natural linoleum is manufactured
from natural materials such as cork
and linseed oil. Unlike vinyl, linoleum
does not contain petroleum-based
products or chlorinated chemicals such
as PVC, which may be a source of
VOC offgasslng. There Is also concern
of by·products such as cancer causing
dioxins, which may be produced
during the manufacturing of vinyl.
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vinyl flooring,
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Linoleum is low·toxic, easy to repair,
durable, and stain resistant, Linoleum
can last up to 40 years, whereas vi nyl
lasts typically ]-10 years.
Ingredients of Natuml Linoleum
.
5. Use Exposed Concrete
as Finished Floor
1\;\':,c'!':r ~¡-:!1':
For slab.on.grade construction, the
cco::rete can be polished, finished with
expansionjoints in various. patterns
or stained with pigments to make an
attractive finish floor. This approach
is especially appropriate for radiant,
in-floor haating systems,
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Use this approach for slab-on.grade
construction. Finish must be
designed and constructed when slab
Is being poured.
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When using the slab as a ficor finish,
it eliminates the need to use other
flooring materials, Additionally, It is
durable and easy to clean,
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6. Install Recycled Content Carpet
with Low-VOCs
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Recycled content carpet is made
from recycled plastic bottles,
recycled nylon/wool Or recycled
cotton, Recycled content carpet
does not differ in appearance or
performance and the price is
comparable to conventional carpet.
The Carpet and Rug Institute (CRIJ
has a Green Label Indoor Air Quality
Test Program which labels the VOC
content of carpeting,
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Use recycled content carpet In all
applications where conventional
carpet Is specified, Choose carpet
that meets or exceeds the CRI
Green Label requirements,
Re50urce: www.carpet.rug.com
f;!·;':'i"ii
Recycled content carpet saves
resources and diverts waste from
landfills, Approximately 40 two-liter
soda bottles are recycled per square
yard of carpeting. Recycled carpet
is often more resilient and colorfast
than carpet made from virgin fibers,
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Chapter Five:
Sell i n~i.~reen
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Every green product has a benefit for your customers, and selling what you build is an
important aspect of building green, The combination of green products and practices
you choose creates a "story" of how your homes protect the environment, reduce air
pollution, conserve natural resources and save money.
To be a su~cessful green builder, train your sales
staff to tell the stories behind the products. Even
if the story isjust a list of benefits, you leave a
lasting impression on your buyers,
Market Differentiation
While green features don't always sell the home
at first blush, they make buyers think and will
often bring them back. Emphasize that green
doesn't necessarily cost more and can often save
money in the long run, Buyers are becoming very
sophisticated as publications like Better Homes
and Gardens, Redbook, Family Circle, Sunset,
and home Improvement magazines feature more
green building stories and products,
Marketing green provides unique opportunities.
By distinguishing your company from other builders,
you can step Into a new arena of recognition. By
thinking outside of the traditional marketing box
you can engage the public, Even in a seller's market
where homes are sold before they are finished,
building green creates a lasting Image for the
company, Your homes draw public curiosity and
interest, and your story is attractive to the news
and trade media, People start to identify you as
the builder who cares, which engenders loyalty
and creates referrals,
Educate Your Sales Stall
Sales are everything. It doesn't matter how well
built or how green the house is if your sales staff
doesn't communicate the value of building green
to your customers, Your sales staff are your
greatest advocates - take the time to train them
about green features and benefits, If they feel
confident, and understand that building green
adds value to their customers, they will have the
tools to close a sale that might otherwise get away.
Convey the Benefits
It is important to complement green option
packages with a marketing program that dearly
identifies the benefits, Concepts such as energy
efficiency, indoor air quality, and resource
conservation, while easy to describe, do not
necessarily address homeowner concerns. One way
to adctess this is to sort the features In terms that
are Important to the buyer. Use the Green Building
Benefits as a tool to assist you in creating
marketing materials that address green building
features, Each green feature is discussed in detail
in Chapter 4, Use these benefits to assemble the
story of how your homes are different from those
built by the competition.
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The following is a list of green building features
that help convey the benefits of building green:
Higher Quality-, Environmentally Sound Products:
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Most green building products and materials were
developed to do something better than their con-
ventional cowterpart, These products usually perform
better and are manufactured In an environmentally
sound manner, thus protecting and restoring our
natural resourCeS, Consider offering the following;
Recycled content decking and siding
FSC Certified wood framing
Engineered lumber
Wood l:joists
Finger:jolnted studs
I nterior steel studs
Solvent-free adhesives
Natural linoleum flooring
Recycled content ceramic tile
More DurablelLower Maintenance Products:
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Naxt to quality, durability and reduced maintenance
are very important. There Is never enough time to
do what needs to be done and home maintenance
Is never high on the list of how to spend time
away from work. Consider offering the following:
Fiber-cement siding
Recycled content decking and siding
Natural linoleum flooring
Recycled content ceramic tile
Resource-efficient landscapes and gardens
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2001
. Do N9w Homes Moot Consumers' Interøst
in Susœining the Environment?
Products and Practices that Provide Greater Comfon
and Lower Utility Bills:
Comfort is what drives high energy use, When it gets
hot, we turn on the air conditionl~, By increasing the
irEulation and pmviding for natural cooling, the elec-
tricity demand can be reduced with no compromise in
occupant comfort, Consider offering the following:
Foundation/slab insulation
Increased wall and ceiling insUlation
Spray cellulose in walls and ceilings
Advanced infiltration reduction
Low-e windows
Hydronic heating
All ducts located in conditioned spaces
Ceiling fans
Whole house fans
Passive solar heating
Natural cooling
ENERGY STAR" appliances
Attic venti latlon systems
Healthier Products and Practices For Families
What is more important than the health of our
children? The public health community has
identified homes as one of the most significant
threats to children's health, It is only common sense
to reduce the use of products that are known to have
health impacts, Consider offering the foilowing:
No-VOC paints
Natural linoleum in place of vinyl flooring
Elimination of particleboard and
medium density f.iberboard (MDF)
Solvent-free adhesives
Water-borne wood finishes
Clean ducts before occupancy
Exhaust fan in attached garages
Range hood vented to outside
Whole house water fi Iter
H EPA filter on furnace
Heat Recovery Ventilator (HRV)
Sealing of particleboard and MDF
Chlorine filter on showerhead
Chapter Six: Summary of Green Building Benefits
Community Design Issues
1. Orient HOmes on ElW A/{Is for $ola.r Acces~
2. Orlcnt Living Roorns ana Porches to $trF;et.<; and Publlç $paçe::;
3. Build Mi).09d Usc. RcslcrenUallCommerclal
4. Dl}S;lgn for Dlvcrse Famll)' Types
5, Pro\llde "Granny FlaW' Abov~ Gan!oge$
6. awlo within"] Mile of Public Tr,¡m,!';it Hub
7, Minimize Street WldtllS
8. L~~~,~~,,~,lJi!,~¡,~,~~,ro Preserve ,?~~,n,,~p,~ce and Wlldllte Hl\bltat
A, Site
1. Recycle JQb $ite ConWuc1;IQIl and Demolition Waste
~. Donate l)nu!:>oo MRterlal!>
:;I. Protect Native Soi I
4. Minimize Disruption of Exist.ing Plants and lh~Bs
S. Implement Constru¡:tion Site StnrmwBtar Practices
S. Preted; Water Quality with Lands[;l1pa Désign FBtltureS
7. Design Resource-Efficient LandsG<lpes !2nd Gardens
8. Reuse Materials'of Use Rec.ycled Content Malaria!s fOr
Landscape Areas
9. In~ti!1I High EffiGi~r~¡:;.y Drip I¡'rigallon 5ysW:ms
10, Provide ror On-Site Watef CatchmentlR.etent.ion
B, FOIUldation
1, Incorporate R~cycle( rl)'a!'ih In Concrete
2. Reu!5e' Form Board5
J, U::;~ ~ocy(:l~d CQntent Aggregate
4. Insul,¡¡w FoundatIon/Slab Before Backfill
5. Use Aluminum FOr'm:s
6. InstElII Rigid FOlJm, Insulated Cont{"!jt¡¡ Fomls (ICF<;;)
C, Structural Frame
1. SLlIJ~tjtutB Soli(1 Sawr) Lumber with Engineered l.lJmb~r
2". Use FSC Cc:rtlr ed Wood 1'Of Framing
3. USe Wùocll-Jul5Œ l'or F!oor~ aM C~I!It1g~
4. U!;c: Swollrltúrlor Web Tru~scs
5, Design fi".nergy Heels on lfufi5es 6" or Mare
G, USe aSB fur 5ubtloor and 5heathlng
1¡¡:lIn'I'I':;;
Reduces the need for energy and lowar's utility bills.
Fosters. community living.
Creates walkable communities, roollces smog and auwmobl!e u~e.
OpellS hous¡n~ market to wider rat1g~1 of buyCl'S,
Cs'eãtes m()(B affordable'housing,
Reducãs d¡;¡pèl'1d~n~e on automobilcs and reth.Jçe$ \iIT1og.
Slowstraffie.
PI·p.~rves habitats. wetlands.
Roouc.os prùS$ure on lanc:ltllls~ f;a'æ~ money by red~lcing landfill fees,
arid þrövldös raw matorlals tor t'uture building produçts.
ROOuCBS !,mdn II depositS, t1elps IOG::I! charitable Qrganizetions. Donations
may 00 tax deductible,
ROOl.lcts storm runoff, fertlll;lQr and pesticide r~uirements. impr'övœ
water quality ana conserve5 iITigation water.
Helps prevent !!OIl f:l1;Ision, maintDins existing sOlJr~ã'j of !\atuml cooling,
tJI'Ntr;.lN( sto from Inndflll!5. !;\nr.! ~dds a uniq..æ chl1l"¡¡cler to the Gol11ml6'1ity,
Mlnimlzüs. \lros-Iûn ana water pol!ution: and protects the Bay.
Rúduce$ the voh.J[l""1e of polll,..l1;e<;I water flowing into riVérs Or the Bay
HOlpf; CQmeM~, wat(~, foo¡J(:.e!'i ¡J5e of chemicals, and cre~tés
healthier sol! a 1( plants
ConscMs natural rE!!'jo(Jrçe~ :;Ind strengthens markets For
f(!(")'C!OO mated~I~.
Re{I(J(:.e$. I~ndscape wlitar use and 1D'N'Br.:i wi!ltBr costs,
Reduces tha, naÐd 1.0, uSèlreated. potable water for lawn:50 anC gardens..
Increase=> 1[11:: str'(:ngth <:1M durability of.the çOl1çrete and reduces
tho !!mOunt of œmcnt nc<:ded
SavOS: money and conscrves resourœ5 af¡ 50lio sawn lumber is
ooeomlng increasingly e)lpen~lve and !;iÇ:;Irce.
Si.Wè:i; mOrlcy, naUlral re.sollrc~ ¡;Ind p.nergy.
Reduces. energy 105$ and ~Itlllty hills by m.inimizing heat los~.
Reduç~!¡, 'M1od use, and despit~ highar"¡~¡tial OOS~ will pay (or
them!';elvE:!'!i. quickly.
ICF:,; are not !'iU~ect to rut and results in ¡¡ battEr' InslJlí:lœd totn'J8tlon.
Redur.es demand for virgin lunilx:Jr, i$ ~f{)nger, straighter, tltlO ~p. durable.
Guarantees !on!; -term élVailabll!lY or I)reclous woods,
Uses 50% less wööd fiOOr, willl~O{ twist, warp or split. wonger and
lighter than 2 (1OS or 2/(12:> Md can ~pan greater dIMance!'i.
Eliminate waste. Réduœ the- prÐ$s.urc on old gmwth fore~ts.
Allows for' full Insulation around tœ hol"fX!, ~,aving energy and money.
Reduces thl::! need for I~rge dlatrt€lŒtr Olg·growtll tr~:,;, IS:;ls strang as
traditions,l, plywood shaét triðtétlal 8M Is less expensive.
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(C, Structural Frame, continued)
7. U!:>f! Finger-Jointed Studs
a. Use engineered Studs fur Vertical Applications
9. U~ Reeyc.!M-CcmtBlit Steel Stud::;. for Intcrlù(Framlñg
10. U:so 5truct.Llral Insulãtoo Panels (5IPs.) tor WailS/Root
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1~, U~ Reçl~irnM l,un1Þer
D, Exterior finish
1. U~ Sustainable [)eçklng MaWia!s
2. Use Treated Wood that Does Not Contain Chromium Dr Arsenic
3. Install Hause Wrap under Siding
4. Usa AltBrn<ltive Siding M<ltarials
E, Plumbing
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2. In~t,all Flow Rooucers In h;¡~Jçets and Sho~rheads
3.ln::;.tall,U!ua-Low-ÞILlsh.Túllcrs
4. Install ChlorinE'! Filter 011 Show¡::rhe-ad
5. In:;.UlII T,¡lnkle~s Water H~iners
$, Pre-Plumb for Graywater Co~ion
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8. Inst.all On-Demand Hot Water Circulation Pump
f, Electrical
In:>tal! cömpacl. FILlù!(¡';(:8rit Llglll E!ultJ~ (CFL~)
;J" n~tfI lln5(J atioll·Compatlble Rec~$~d Lighting rl>t.Wres for CFÜt
3, n~tall Ughtlng Cç¡ntrol!)
4. nstall H!gh·'fft1cif.!ncy (;~1111ì9 Fan!) wi'th (:rL~
Ç,Appliances
1. OffBfENERGY STAR" Di:¡hW¡j:õ;h<:lr
2. Offer Horizont.3! Axis Washing Machine
3. Off{> " En~gy-EffiCiént F~8t"rig( ¡'aro¡,
4. Ir~~tall Built-In Retytling Cúnter
ßf.NHllS
Uses re~led content matErials. i~ :!>1:r'ui9h\1:1" i:md !l,rot'I!1t t.t'l.1n solid ::.i1Ml
studs, Bnd elimin¡¡te~'crookad wtllIs, thar'sby l'edU(;lng tTIl!turlal waste,
EngJneerf'!d st!,Jc!s are st;raightel', and win not deform, twist, split OJ' W<lrp.
The)' f~ve wood by using small laminated piecBs.
Steel roouces tl,e nee(1 f'or wooc! .and provides strong interior walls.
RgdllcéS infillfallötl relative to trame cons.tructlon, Is eoergy-p.fflçlent,
provld~", t\.I(ccllent wundprooflng, Is erected qulçk,ly, and ~ves wood
I)y eliminating much of the conventlona! framing lumber.
Make.~ '~h~ horn!;! more enerqy ~ficiBnt, ~i:lvas wood <!nd G( nSts'u~tion
cost~. It a!~'O allows for a hi9h~!r percanta~e of the wall to be in<.;ul¡HOO
redur:ing frame conduction he<:Jt loss.
Reduces resource consumptiorll1nd landfill d8po~I(S¡ and Is ofæn
of higher q~JBlity than new lumber.
Coritilins l'~cy(;IM COrttùnt matl)rlaIS, Is moft) durable. and re.çluœs
demand' for Ol{j-growth t.Îrtlbúf,),
Rud(Jt~e$ oxpO$( ro to chromlurn and,arsenlç, 'which are harmful,
particularly to ct)lldren who play on strvtf;ure.!:> built with treated wood.
D¡\lt:f~ !Nater away from opening!) and pmt.er:ts the hams from mold
Last long~r, i.s fire-r/;!5istant, arid reduces maintemmC8 cost.s
Saves energy B'nd water, and rBdu(;e~ water Mating c~'t.'S.
$aIl8$ water and is a low cost option.
$aveswater,
Reduce:;;. chlorine absorbed by skin.
Sa.ves energy, is often quicker ¡ nd mOre reli/1bl~,
Cuts down on the usa of potable Wdt~ for oulside i!T'lgatlon
and lawn wm,ering.
Reduces contaminant',; i~l water,
DelivBr hot, ~~~,,9,~,¡,~~~, to flX1lJrt:, savIng water and energy
l..owel"J energy bills. ,fine! rwuçe:~ neeo for energy product,ion.
Reduces the amO\Jnt of heat loss/gain.
Reduœs neP,d for energy and hy.,yars anargy bills.
Redl,Jc~ the, n~d ~~,~,!:,,~,?~,~,it,ionin~.
Rcduœs. water aM CFlt)rgy l..15e, and lowers utility bills
Us~ less wi:!tét and energy thaI") conventIonal top loading wa!ih~r.;
Reduces energy and can s,:,ve o1ler'10% pn utility bill.
Makes. It easy and convenient to reçyçle.
H. Insulation
1. Upg1Ide Wal! aoo Ceiling Insulation to Excæd TItle 24 ~quil'errlanl~
2. Install Reçycl~d Content. Formaldehyde-Free Fibergla~'".5 Insulation
3. Use Advanr.eçllnfiltration Reduction Prw:tices
4. the Cell\JIQse InS~.J¡ation
I. Windows
1, Install E::nergy-tfflcl~r\t Windows
J. Heating. Ventilation and Air Cond~iooing (HVAC)
1. U~C Duc[ M<istic on all DucUolms
2., Install Ductwork. within Conditioned Spa.çe
:3. VlJr~t Range Hood to tho OIJtslaú
4. Claim all Ducts 8éfúra Oc:cup<lriCj
5. Install Attic Ventilation S.Y5téms
6, ¡tl~UlII Wholø 1"I()lI~ Fan
7. Install Sealed Combustion FurriiEé~ ¡;)tld Hot W¡:¡wr Hearers
B. Instil!! 13 SEER .and 11 EER [M" High(1 ' Air Cùr'\dltiotlil'lg WI(/) ~
Thermasl:atic Expansion VallIE
Ð. Inst<lll Air Conditioning with NON-HCFC ROfrigurmrl:S
10. In!;taH 90% Anriual Fuel UWil<:ltion ËfflcICr1CY Of Gr\~ter rUFn¡)ce
~ 1. Elii'l1inilt~ Wood Burning Firepl¡" [;(; !;
12. Installlonea, Hyarof1lc, RadIant Heating
13, Imtalll'llgh EffIC:icnc)' Pa!t culflte Air (HFPA) filter
14, Instal! He3t Recovery W~nttlatlon Unit (HRV)
15. Install $ep::!rllte GBrBgp.: F;xhllust FÐn
K, R......able Energy and Roofing
1. Prû-Plumb 'oj SOlar Wat¡;r Heating
2. Ins-ill!! SOlar Water 5~t.cm
3. Pre-Wire rú/ Fulur'~ PtKtlúvoltí:llc histal!at.ion
4, his.l..all Phowvulta¡(: (PV) PtI )c!s
[i. Install Solar (PV) Walkway lights
6. Select Safe ¡md Durable Roofing MatBrlí.'!ls
7. Install Radiant Barrier Roof Sheathing
HENEHTS
Lower~ utility blll$, ImprOltes comfort. deçrp,..a:;es ~::!ting and cooling
needs and m¡ k.!:I~ home quiet&".
Reduces indoor all' quality prOblf:m~ due tQ formaldehydl'!- binders, and
can c¡)¡"¡ttlin uþ to 30% recycled gk~55,
Reduces drafts, and maKes home mon~ E!n~rgY··,efflçient.
Incroose:!i ~liél'g)'-e:rriclcncy, lISet: recyclable rna~erial!:;r and contains
,r,l,o f?~,¡" ,~~,~~~~~'
I ncreases ener~y~,~~~~,!~~,~:,,~~,~ 'p~~I,~,~~ ,wooter comfort;
Improv~ Indoor air quality, eM keeps the hömes more,COmfortable,
Reduces energy loss a.nd imþtDvég öCCUpilnt comfort,
Improves indoOr ~ir quality.
~educes (JUst ¡:¡r('lund the house after oçcupanCY.
Incma~e.s cOlnf( rt and reduçe~ aIr conditioning use.
Reduçes eleçtricity usage. and move'!> large volume:> úr air' l() aclliùV(¡
i::omfort at higher temparatures without air conditioning.
Improves IMoor air quality, reduçe5 the danger of carbon monOJ(ide
contaminatIon,
Saves money and energy. and reduces peak load problems.
I::Umlnate depletion of the ozone I!!~.
RE!duce5 nlr: E!mis!:;IQns, costs less tD operats. ~nd :!i<}VÐS r'ltltural reooLirc~.
F'<~duG~ pollut.ant partiçul,:;¡te ml;ltter.
Saves'energy by only heating the l:ùhe that H,'{ UIr~ I)eat.
Mak~ living space healthier, aM reduc8'.:i rnicroparliculates n'Or\1 the: aIr,
ImprfNe5 indoor air qU/:llity and reduces onerg:¡¡.
Cr8ùŒs he¡ lthle(' Indoor Pitnv!ronmel1ts,
Save!;; money should a solar system be irist:\IIM in lM Fuwn::,
Reç l)Çf!S the lJ!'e of gas or electricity, and pay back in ~s IIttI(: as ~ ye8:1'5.
AI!('JWs In:=.I ')lIatlon of PV system in the future
Oecrea:=.p.!:; reliance on conventional pO\llter' planls.
RodLlcos the. nced tor grlcl'·provloed (~IE!Çtl"iclt)l
Reduces landfill deposit!;; aM s;:wes money on replacerœnn:;ost~.
Kue-ps the' wl10le home cooler by red~u;: ng heat build-up in attic spaœs.
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Sunlma¡~1 of Gn::en í~3L!i IcJinçJ Benefits
l. Nawrat Healing and Cooling
1, Incorr;or.aœ Pa!)!j.lve Solar Heating
~ In5tall Overhangs. or AWlllr\95 Ov!;!'r South Facing Window.:;
3, Plant tJoc¡d(Jol~f. $had~: Tre~~ onth('! Wes.t I;!nd South $oid!;!!>
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M. Indoor Air Quality and Finishes
1. Install Whole House V8GUUm Sy:!item
2 Use LowfNo-VOC and Fö 'ma!di::\hydù-Fr,(:H~ Paint
3. Usa LO\.!I VOC, Water-Based Wood Finishes
4. Use Sf}lvent·Free Adhp.sives
5. $ut,Jstltute'Pßrtidebrum;! with FormaldE'hyde-Free Materials
6. U!>e ExteriQr Grade Plywood for Interior Uses
7. U~e FQrm3Idehy¡;le.Fr~ M!)F ¡md Materials
a. Sw! 8H E::)(po~d P~rt:jçleboard or MDF
~. U$f.! F$C Certified M¡¡terlal
10. lJ~ Fingp.r·.)oint.ed or Reçycled Cont~nt. Trim
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N, Flooring
1, Sûh:,'ct FSC Certified Wood r:loorll"lg
2. Use Ra[)id!y Rcn(.'wabl~ ¡:-WOfjng Materials
3, U:se Rùcy(:!i.:( Content CCrl:lm(c ille~
4, Install Natural lIno!eum In Plaœ of Vinyl flooring
5. Uf.e Exposed Concrete as Flnl!)hed Floor
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6. In~1<¡ 1 RE!c.y\;llÄ Contut'1t tarpøt 1\nd Ul1cwrlayment
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HENH:ITS
ReducE'S heating rBquirøment~ by 30-50%, :;a~s energy and money
Reduce heat 9ain. making the home morG cUlTtfmtablc
In iummer.
RedLlce summer air-conditioning C( st~ whlllÒl provIding numcrou~
benefits to the environrnBrlt.
ËxpCl8 dust outside the hO~I~, Irnproving indoor !lir qUl:1lity.
ImpÚwes Indoor air qlJ8l1ty. ædl,lce!1 srmg. arid is he~Hhier fOr
Installers and occupant!),
RsduCÆlS smog and Is h&althler tor InstRllers ~nd ocr.LJpants.
Irnþi1JVQs ind(]tf .aIr quall[}', and ~rc healtnl~r for occurant;~ ~nó in!itallers'.
RÐducEis fotITI<ildch.ydO üxposurc to occupants',
RBduces fOl"maldOhjOe exposure to occupants.
Improves irdCH:ir air qUi!llIty.
Reduces exposure, of t1<irmf'ul emissions to occupants,
Assures the long-term .av.ailablllty ot preCIOUS wood~ whlli;!
pllJIBCting iJnGiont, old-growth forcsts.
Uses I"n<Iterl¡j1 tnorillilfTectivøly, saves money and re50urce~, !;If'\d
is strai!:lhter and li1o~ stablo than eünventlonal clear wood,
A3~ure5 thE;! longnterm ~vailab¡lity of wDods while prùl~ting anGlent,
Old'9rt)Wt,hfoce!'i.ts:
Reduœ5 demar l;! for QlçI-growth hardwoocl.
Uf-I::S recyded çont.ent materials and is. eils.y to m<'!intain.
Rl;!duces exposure to toxins., is dur<:)blø-, and tloaltt1!€.!f for occupants
and installers.
Eliminates the need fur additiOnLIl !lOOting ti1atarlals.
Is E;!a,'?,y to maintain. and very durable.
Salles re~urœ!;. diverts waste frDm l.andfjlls. is more re:sillént
and colorfB..5\: than carpe-t mild€' from virgin fioors