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HomeMy WebLinkAboutItem 8.2 TJKM TrffcEngrSvs (2) .'. . . CITY OF DUBLIN AGENDA STATEMENT City Council Meeting Date: June 21, 1994 SUBJECT: Amendment to Agreement with TJKM for Traffic Engineering Services Report by: Public Works ~irector Lee Thompson EXHmITS ATTACHED: 1) / Current Agreement and Amendments 2) /Reso1ution and Amendment (indicating both current and proposed rates) 3) / Comparison showing effect of proposed rate change RECOMMENDATION: 11. V Adopt resolution approving amendment to agreement and \~ IJ authorize Mayor to execute amendment. FINANCIAL STATEMENT: TJKM is proposing a rate increase for two position classifications only. Based on the hours by classification utilized for Fiscal Year 1993-94, this would amount to an approximately 1.1 % increase. The cost of traffic engineering services is paid in part from the General Fund, from Gas Tax, and from Private Development reimbursements. DESCRIPTION: TJKM has provided traffic engineering services to the City of Dublin since 1983, initially as a subcontract to Santina and Thompson and then as a direct contract beginning in 1985. The City Council approved a new agreement with TJKM in 1992, and a two-year extension in 1993. TJKM's last rate increase occurred in the 1991-92 Fiscal Year. There were no cost increases in Fiscal Years 1992-93 or 1993-94. Services provided by TJKM include monitoring of the City's traffic signal system, preparing the Annual Traffic Safety Report, and various traffic studies as needed. These general traffic engineering studies include the speed surveys which are required by the State and stop sign studies that occur as a result of requests from the public. In addition, TJKM occasionally performs private development review when time constraints prevent City Staff from doing the work in-house. TJKM's work on the Traffic Impact Fee study falls under a separate agreement. The rates proposed to increase are those for Principal (8.7%), Principal Associate (2.1 %), Senior Associate (2.3%), Senior Traffic Engineer (3.9%), and Associate (2.4%). This rate change is expected to affect the City to some degree since Senior Associate-level personnel perform the traffic signal monitoring functions and some of the supervisory work on traffic studies. The rates for other positions which would be involved in traffic studies, such as the technicians and the less senior engineers, are not proposed to increase. Exhibit 3 details the hours expended by personnel classification, the actual charges incurred at the current rates, and the effect the proposed rates would have on the total charges. It should be noted that TJKM charges Dublin at 80% of their hourly fee schedule for general traffic study work. Staff is proposing to hire an assistant-level engineer in Fiscal Year 1994-95 who will be able to perform some of the functions now being provided by TJKM. Therefore, the hours expended by TJKM are expected to decrease over time. In 1994-95, most of the City's speed surveys come due for a mandatory five-year update. This function, which is required by State Law for speed limit enforcement by means of radar, will be performed by TJKM. I Because the agreement for traffic engineering services was extended for a two-year period in 1993, the type of review that is conducted for a contract renewal is not needed a this time. Staff feels that TJKM's request is reasonable, particularly since the last overall rate increase occurred in 1991. Staff recommends that the City Council adopt the resolution approving the amendment to the agreement. a: (conlracrsJ) Itjlan lagSlamnd ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~--~~I=------~~-::~(:) ITEM NO.&.Z.. COPIES TO: Chris Kinzel, TJKM C IT Y C L E R K FILE ~ . . EXHmIT "A" AMENDMENT TO AGREEMENT . BETWEEN CITY OF DUBLIN AND TJKM TRANSPORTATION CONSULTANTS FOR TRAmc ENGINEERING SERVICES WHEREAS, the City of Dublin (herdnafter referred to as "CITY") and TJKM Transportation Consultants (hereinafter referred to as "CONSULTANT") entered into an agreement on June 9, 1992, to provide traffic engineering services to CITY: and WHEREAS, CITY wishes to continue contracting for services from CONSULTANT; and WHEREAS, an adjustment of fees for services rendered is not necessary for the ensuing one-year period (July 1, 1993 to June 30, 1994); NOW, TIIEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows: Extension of Agreement The agreement dated June 9, 1992, shall be extended for a two-year period, beginning J ul y 1, 1993 and terminating June 30, 1995. . CONSULTANT shall have the opportunity to propose a rate increase for CITY's approval on an annual basis. CITY OF DUBLIN ~ Mayor TJKM TRANSPORTATION CONSULTANTS ~ V. I<'~ Principal b" \ \.. ~) Date: a: (con/racts) Irjkm lamndmenl . , ""'--. -''P ",""',",,"", d'~._'ll L ~;; :,\ &Ji c"! ~. r ~Ae~"?A~ . . STANDARD CONSULTING ENGINEERING SERVICES AGREEMENT THIS AGREEMENT is made at Dublin, California, as of July 1, 1992, by and between the CITY OF DUBLIN, a Municipal Corporation ("City"), and TJKM Transportation Consultants, ("Consultant"), who agree as follows: 1. TERM OF AGREEMENT. The term of this agreement shall be from the date first written above until terminated. The City may terminate the services of the Consultant by providing Consultant with 30 days' written notice. In the event of such termination, Consultant shall be compensated for such services up to the point of termination. Such compensation for work in progress would be prorated as to the percentage of progress completed at the date of termination. If Consultant terminates its services to City, it must provide City with written notice at least 90 days in advance of such termination. Notices to Consultant or City shall be provided as outlined in Section 13 below. 2. SERVICES. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, Consultant shall provide to City the services described in Exhibit A. Consultant shall provide said services at the time, place, and in the manner specified in Exhibit A. 3. PAYMENT. City shall pay Consultant for services rendered pursuant to this Agreement at the time and in the manner set forth in Exhibit B. The payments specified in Exhibit B shall be the only payments to be made to Consultant for services rendered pursuant to this Agreement. Consultant shall submit all billings for said services to City in the manner specified in Exhibit B; or, if no manner be specified in Exhibit B, then according to the usual and customary procedures and practices which Consultant uses for billing clients similar to City. 4. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT. Except as set forth in Exhibit C, Consultant shall, at its sole cost and expense, furnish all facilities and equipment which may be required for furnishing services pursuant to this Agreement. City shall furnish to Consultant only the facilities and equipment listed in Exhibit C according to the terms and conditions set forth in Exhibit C. 5. GENERAL PROVISIONS. The general provisions set forth in Exhibit D are part of this Agreement. In the event of any inconsistency between said general provisions and any other terms or conditions of this Agreement, the other term or condition shall control insofar as it is inconsistent with the general provisions. 6. EXHIBITS. All exhibits referred to herein are attached hereto and are by this reference incorporated herein. 7. OWNERSHIP OF WORK. All documents, data, studies, surveys, drawings, maps, and reports furnished to Consultant by City, as well as reports and supportive data prepared by Consultant under this Agreement shall , Agreement with TJKM Transportation Consultants July 1, 1992 pa"ge 1 . . be considered the property of the City of Dublin, and upon request at the completion of the services to be performed, they will be turned over to the City of Dublin. 8. COLLECTION OF FEES. All fees to be collected from any private developer, engineer, or architect in connection with the carrying out of the functions set forth above, if collected by Consultant shall be collected in the name of the City. Consultant shall employ recordkeeping measures acceptable to the City. If fees are collected by the City, Consultant shall review the appropriate City ordinances and fee schedules in effect and shall provide to the persons designated by City for collection of fees, the amount of such fees to be collected. 9. SUBCONTRACTING. The Consultant shall perform the work contemplated with resources available ,.,ithin its own organization and no portion of the work pertinent to this contract shall be "subcontracted without written authorization by the City, except that which is expressly identified in the Consultant's proposal. 10. CHANGES. City may from time to time require changes in the scope of the services by Consultant to be performed under this Agreement. Such changes, including any change in the amount of Consultant's compensation which are mutually agreed upon by City and Consultant, shall be effective as amendments to this Agreement only when in writi.ng. 11. RESPONSIBLE CHARGE. Consultant shall assign a project monager(s) to the project for the duration of the project. There shall be no change in the Project Manager or members of the project team without prior written approval by the City. 12. CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION. This Agreement shall be administered by LEE S. THOMPSON ("Administrator"). All correspondence shall be directed to or through the Administrator or his designee. 13 . NOTICES. Any written notice to Consultant shall be sent to: TJK}1 Transportation Consultants 4637 Chabot Drive Suite 214 Pleosanton CA 94588 Any written notice to City shall be sent to: Lee S. Thompson Director of Public Works/City Engineer P. O. Box 23/,0 Dublin, CA 9l~568 Agreement with TJKM Transport~tion Consultants July 1, 1992 PaKe 2 . . Executed as of the day first above stated: CITY OF D~ IN, A Munici1P~ Corpora "City" B Attest: ~t~ ~d<- itYJ Clerk.... TJKM TRANSPORTATION CONSULTANTS By ~D.~~nz~~~ Approved as to form: -" {. '"'.'/, } c.' f.'; ~ :.<, ,'"t ~. . \" "'f. '.. City Attorney Agreement with TJKM Transportation Consultants J";lly 1, 1992 Page 3 . . EXHIBIT A SCOPE OF SERVICES AND SCHEDULE Consultant agrees to provide those engineering services that may be required by the .City of Dublin during the term of this agreement in a prompt, professional, and workmanlike manner in accordance with the standards of the engineering profession. All work shall be completed to the satisfaction of the City Manager. The City may, at its discretion, request performance by Consultant of any of the following duties: A. Administrative Duties 1. Perform the statutory responsibilities of City Traffic Engineer. 2. Analyze the City's traffic engineering needs and recommend programs to the City Manager consistent with the economic capabilities of the City. 3. Attend meetings with City Staff, public officials, community leaders, developers, contractors, and the general public, as required by the City. 4. At the discretion of the City, review and comment on planning programs and land development projects which are not only located within the City, but also located outside the City and which may have n traffic impact on the City. 5. Advise the City Manager as to engineering and construction financing available from other governmental agencies and when so directed, prepare and initiate application for such funding. 6. Recommend ordinances and regulations pertaining to traffic engineering matters. 7. Establish working relationships and coordination with other public agencies nnd private utilities involving traffic engineering matters affecting the City. 8. Provide special engineering reports as to such related traffic studies. 9. Give direction to and assist City Staff in performing traffic studies as necessary and/or required. 10. At the request of the City, recommend solutions to street design problems. 11. Provide general engineering consultation in connection with traffic circulation, street signs, noise impact, etc. Exhibit A p'age 1 of 2 . . B. Development Review Duties 1. Review proposed developments and make recommendations pertaining to traffic engineering considerations. 2. Review traffic engineering aspects of planning applications. c. Capital Projects Assist the City Manager in the development of a Capital Improvement Program that relates to traffic matters. Upon specific and separate authorization by City, prepare plans and specifications for traffic~related Capital Improvement Projects. It is understood that Consultant may provide design services for traffic related Capitol Improvement Projects. However, City reserves the right to bid any project or bring in specialists when deemed necessary by City or Consultant. A Capital Improvement is defined as any project in which the construction is performed by someone other than the City forces or the City's designated street maintenance contractor. D. Designation as City Traffic Engineer For the term of this agreement, the following employee of Consultant is designated as City Traffic Engineer: Chris Kinzel - Registered Traffic Engineer Exhibit A Page 2 of 2 . . EXHIBIT B PAYMENT SCHEDULE Consultant shall be compensated for work as follows: A. The following work shall be charged at 80 percent of the rates shown in Exhibit B-1. General traffic engineering services and studies excluding capital improvement project design. B. The following work shall be charged at the rates shown in Exhibit B-l. Capitol improvement design work, which is hilled on a time and material basis. Prior to proceeding with the work a maximum estimated budget shall be established by City and shall not be exceeded without approval of the City Manager. Review of proposed developments and traffic studies for proposed developments when paid by outside fees. C. City shall not pay for the cost of commuting from Consultant's office to Dublin City Offices. City shall pay Consultant's invoices no later than 30 days from the billing dote providing, in City's estimation, that said invoices are correct and sufficient backup is attached. City shall advise Consultant within 30 days of the billing date if said invoices are deemed incorrect. Exhibit B Page 1 of 1 . . EXHIBIT C City sh~ll furnish physical facilities such as desks, filing cabinets, ~nd conference space, as may be reasonably necessary for Contractor's use while consulting with City employees and reviewing records ~nd the information in possession of City. The location, quantity, and time of furnishing said physical facilities shall be in the sole discretion of City. In no event shall City be obligated to furnish any facility which may involve incurring any direct expense, including, but not limiting the generality of this exclusion, long.distance" telephone or other communication charges, vehicles, and reproduction facilities. Exhibit C Page 1 of 1 . . EXHIBIT D GENERAL PROVISTONS 1. INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR. At all times during the term of this Agreement, Consultant shall be an independent contractor and shall not be an employee of City. City shall have the right to control Consultant only insofar as the results of Consultant's engineering services rendered pursuant to this Agreement; however, City shall not have the right to control the means by which Consultant accomplishes services rendered pursuant to this Agreement. 2. LICENSES: PERMITS: ETC. Consultant represents and warrants to City that he has all licenses, permits, qualifications and approvals of whatsoever nature which are legally required for Consultant to practice l\is profession. Consultant represents and warrants to City that Consultant shall, at his sole cost and expense, keep in effect at all times during the term of this Agreement any licenses, permi.ts, and approvals whi.ch are legally required for Consultant to practice his profession. 3. TIME. Consultant shall devote such time to the performance of services pursuant to this Agreement as may be reasonably necessary for satisfactory performance of Consultant's obligations pursuant to this Agreement. 4. INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS. Consultant shall procure and maintain for the duration of the contract insurance against claims for injuries to persons or damages to property which may arise from or in connection with the performance of the work hereunder by the Consultant, his agents, representatives, employees or subcontractors. The cost of such insurance shall be included in the Consultant's bid. A. Minimum Scope of Insurance. Coverage shall be at least as broad as: (1) Insurance Services Office form number GL 0002 (Ed. 1/73) covering comprehensive General Liability and Insurance Services Office form number GL 0404 covering Broad Form Comprehensive General Liability; or Insurance Services Office Commercial General Liability coverage ("occurrence" form CG 0001). (7.) Insurnncc Services Offir.c fonn mllnhcr CA 0001 (Eel. 1./78) covednc Automobile Liability, code 1 "any auto" and endorsement CA 0025. (3) Worker's Compensation insurance as required by the Labor Code of the State of California ond Employers Liability Insurance. B. Minimum Limits of Insurance. Consultant shall maintain limits no less than: (1) General Liability: $1,000,000 combined single limit per occurrence for bodily injury, personal injury and property damage. If commercial General Liability Insurance or other form with a Exhibit D Page" 1 of 5 July 1. 1992 . . general aggregate limit shall apply general aggregate limit. limit is used, either the general aggregate separately to this project/location or the limit shall be twice the required occurrence (2) Automobile Liability: $500,000 combined single limit per accident for bodily injury and $100,000 for property damage. (3) Workers Compensation and Employers Liability: Workers Compensation limits as required by the Labor Code of the State of California and Employers Liability limits of $500,000 per accident. C. Deductibles and Self-Insured Retentions. Any deductibles or self- insured retentions must be declared to and approved by the City. At the option of the City, either the insurer shall reduce or eliminate such deductibles or self~insured retentions as respects the City, its officers, officials and employees; or the Consultant shall procure a bond guaranteeing payment of losses and related investigations, claim administration and defense expenses. D. Other Insurance Provisions. The policies are to contain, or be endorsed to contain, the following provisions: (1) General Liability and Automobile Liability Coverages. (a) The City, its officers, officials, employees and volunteers are to be covered as insureds as respects: liability arising out of activities performed by or on behalf of the Consultant; products and completed operations of the Consultant, premises owned, occupied or used by the Consultant, or automobiles owned, leased, hired or borrowed by the Consultant. The coverage shall contain no special limitations on the scope of the protection afforded to the City, its officers, officials, employees or volunteers. (b) The Consultant's insurance coverage shall be primary insurance as respects the City, its officers, officials, employees and volunteers. Any insurance or self-insurance maintained by the City, its officers, officials, employees or volunteers shall be excess of the Consultant's insurance and shall not contribute with it. (c) Any failure to comply with reporting provisions of the policies shall not affect coverage provided to the City, its officers, officials, employees or volunteers. (d) The Consultant's insurance shall apply separately to each insured against whom claim is made or suit is brought, except with respect to the limits of the insurer's liability. Exhibit D Page-2 of 5 July 1; 1992 -. . (2) Worker's Compensation and Employers Liability Coverage. The insurer shall agree to waive all rights of subrogation against the City, its officers, officials, employees and volunteers for losses arising from work performed by the Consultant for the City. (3) Professional Liability. Consultant shall carry professional liability insurance in an amount of $500,000 City to protect the City against liability caused by negligent acts, errors or omissions on the part of the Consultant in the course of performance of the services specified in this Agreement. (4) All Coverages. Each insurance policy required by this clause shall be endorsed to state that coverage shall not be suspended, voided, cancelled by either party, reduced in coverage or in limits except after thirty (30) days prior written notice by certified mail, return receipt requested, has been given to the City. E. Acceptabilitv of Insurers. Insurance is to be placed with insurers with a Bests' rating of no less than A:VIII. F. Verification of Coverage. Consultant shall furnish City with certificates of insurance and with original endorsements effecting coverage required by this clause. The certificates and endorsements for eAch insurance policy are to be signed by a person authorized by that insurer to bind coverage on its behalf. The certificates and endorsements are to be received and approved by the City before work commences. The City reserves the right to require complete, certified copies of all required insurance policies, at any time. H. The Risk Manager of City may approve a variation of those insurance requirements upon a determination that the coverages. scope, limits and forms of such insurance are either not commercially available or that the City's interests are otherwise fully protected. 5. CONSULTANT NO AGENT. Except as City may specify in writing, Consultant shall have no authority, express or implied, to act on behalf of City in any capacity whatsoever as an agent. Consultant shall have no authority, express or implied, pursuant to this Agreement to bind City to any obligation whatsoever. 6. ASSIGNMENT PROIlIIHTED. No party to this Agreement may assign any right or obligation pursuant to this Agreement. Any attempted or purported assignment of any right or obligation pursuant to this Agreement shall be void and of no effect. 7. PERSONNEL. Consultant shall assign only competent personnel to perform services pursuant to this Agreement. In the event that City, in its sole Exhibit D Page- 3 of 5 July 1-, 1992 ~. . discretion, at any time during the term of this Agreement, desires the removal of any such persons, Consultant shall, immediately upon receiving notice from City of such desire of City, cause the removal. of such person or persons. 8. STANDARD OF PERFORMANCE. Consultant shall perform all services required pursuant to this Agreement in the manner and according to the standards observed by a competent practitioner of the profession in which Consultant is engaged in the geographical area in which Consultant practices his profession. All instruments of service of whatsoever nature which Consultant delivers to City pursuant to this Agreement shall be prepared in a substantial, first class and workmanlike manner and conform to the standards of quality normally observed by a person practicing in Consultant's profession. 9. HOLD HARMLESS AND RESPONSIBILITY OF CONSULTANTS. Consultant shall take all responsibility for the work, shall bear all losses and damages directly or indirectly resulting to him, to any sub~consultant, to the City, to City officers and employees, or to parties designated by the City, on account of the negligent performance or character of the work, unforeseen difficulties, accidents, occurrences or other causes predicated on active or passive negligence of the Consultant or of his subconsultant. Consultant shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless the City, its officers, officials, director.s, employees and agents from and against any or all loss, liability, expense, claim, costs (including costs of defense), suits, and damages of every kind, nature and description directly or indirectly arising from the Consultant's negligent performance of the work. This paragraph shall not be construed to exempt the City, its employees and officers from its own fraud, willful injury or violation of law whether willful or negligent. For purposes of Section 2782 of the Civil Code the parties hereto recognize and agree that this Agreement is not a construction contract. By execution of this Agreement Consultant acknowledges and agrees that he has read and understands the provisions hereof and that this paragraph is a material element of consideration. Approval of the insurance contracts does not relieve the Consultant or subconsultants from liability under this paragraph. 10. GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS. To the extent that this Agreement may be funded by fiscal assistance from another governmental entity, Consultant shall comply with all applicable rules and regulations to which City is bound by the terms of such fiscal assistance program. 11. DOCUMENTS. All reports, data, maps, models, charts, designs, plans, studies, surveys, photographs, memoranda or other written documents or materials prepared by Consultant pursuant to this Agreement shall become the property of City upon completion of the work to be performed hereunder or upon termination of the Agreement. No such materials or properties produced in whole or in part under this Agreement shall be subject to private use, copyrights, or pntent rights by Consultant in the United Statcs or in any other country without the express written consent of City. City shall have unrestricted authority to publish, disclose (as may be limited by the provisions of the California Public Records Act), distribute, and otherwise use, copyright or Exhibit D Page h of 5 July 1, 1992 . . patent, in whole or in part, any such reports, studies, data, statisti"cs, forms or other materials or properties produced under this Agreement. 12. COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE LAWS. In performing the services to be provided pursuant to this agreement, Contractor shall comply with all applicable State and Federal Laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, laws and regulations relating to discrimination and laws requiring injury and illness prevention programs. a: (contracts)\tjkm\agrement Exhibit D Page 5 of 5 July 1, 1992 . . RESOLUTION NO. ~94 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN APPROVING AMENDMENT TO AGREEMENT FOR TRAFFIC ENGINEERING SERVICES WITH TJKM TRANSPORTATION CONSULTANTS WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Dublin approved an agreement for engineering services with TJKM Transportation Consultants on June 9, 1992; and WHEREAS, said Agreement was amended on June 1, 1993, to extend the term of Agreement until June 30, 1995; and WHEREAS, TJKM has requested an adjustment in charge rates for the 1994-95 fiscal year; and WHEREAS, the City of Dublin feels that the rate adjustment is appropriate; NOW, THEREFORE, BE ITRFSOLVED that the City Council of the City of Dublin does hereby approve the amendment to the agreement with TJKM Transportation Consultants which is attached hereto as "Exhibit A. " BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Mayor is authorized to execute the agreement. PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED this 21st day of June, 1994. AYES: NOES: ABSENT: Mayor ATTEST: City Clerk a: (conrracts) IQ'km lamndreso ~," ,1m ~-:;!~~? ~fz ;:.K ~,:~?: ~ ~~/, '~: ~ '" '1'.\:;'.i ~" ',' ,',' ~ ~/(:~:..;t ~.. .i '.4a :~;;',.' ! ~ "Re.e;,olu. ~ I Pt'npO),qJ. . . EXHmIT "A" OF RESOLUTION -94 AMENDMENT TO AGREEMENT BETWEEN CITY OF DUBLIN AND TJKM TRANSPORTATION CONSULTANTS FOR TRAFFIC ENGINEERING SERVICFS WHEREAS, the City of Dublin (hereinafter referred to as "CITY") and TJKM Transportation Consultants (hereinafter referred to as "CONSULTANT") entered into an agreement on June 9, 1992, to provide traffic engineering services to CITY: and WHEREAS, on June 1, 1993, the City Council approved an extension of the term of Agreement to June 30, 1995; and WHEREAS, an adjustment of fees for services rendered has been requested for the 1994-95 Fiscal Year; - NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows: Adiustment of Charge Rates CONSULTANT's charge rates shall be as shown on the Schedule of Fees attached as Amendment Exhibit "1." CITY OF DUBLIN Mayor ATTEST: City Clerk TJKM TRANSPORTATION CONSULTANTS Principal Date: a:(contracts) Itjkm lamndment .". AMENDMENT EXHIBIT 1 . T JKM Hourly Rate Schedule Current Proposed Principal $103 $112 Principal Associate 94 96 Senior Associate 86 88 Associate 82 84 Senior Traffic Engineer/frans. Engineer/Planner 77 80 Traffic Engineer/frans. Engineer/Planner 72 72 Assistant Traffic Engineer/frans. Engineer/p1armer 64 64 Traffic Engineering Assistant 52 52 Teclmician IV 42 42 Teclmician III 36 36 Teclmician IT 30 30 Technician I 16 16 Graphics Designer 52 52 Designer 44 44 Drafter 39 39 Word Processing Supervisor 39 39 Word Processor 37 37 Production Specialist 30 30 rbm lS7--CON.S14 .. 2 ~ n ::r III U:l . III ('II o * Q. g- . .. ~ . III III ::r o :e ::s o ::s g- . ... :::;- Co' a~ . 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