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HomeMy WebLinkAboutItem 8.3 DRFA Attach B (2) DOUGHERTY REGIONAL FIRE AUTHORITY ENGINE C'OMPANY PARAMEDICS Presented By, Engineer Jim Call September' 1994, '. - /EXHIBIT B '0 [:)(h'brr 1::- I I .1 I a I I I ~I I I II I I SECTION 1 . SECTION 2 . . . . . SECTION 3 . . . . SECTION 4 . . . . APPENDIX · A. · B. · C. I I I I TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION The Need for Engine Company Paramedics OPERATIONS Conditions for Approval Medical Management and Responsibility Replacement Policy Initial Estimated Expenses Continuing Estimated Expenses TRAINING OPTIONS CHP Academy Chabotl Alameda County Fire Training Program M.E.T.S. Program San Ramon Regional Medical Center CE RTI FICA TIONS/REQUI REMENTS State Certi fication State Recertification County Accreditation Continuing Education Required Equipment Paramedic Approved Skills Application for Paramedic Course Approval I ..1 I I I -I I 'I ,I I t I "1 II I I I I SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION I I I I I I I I I I II I, ~I I I I I I I Throughout the striving for ways of new equipment to programs. As the population and technology of todays society increases, the need for updated procedures such as hazardous materials training, disaster preparedness, and emergency medical services also increases. The leaders and employees of the fire service must continue to provide the public with the highest level of service possible. One particular area in need of constant upgrading is Emergency Medical Services. Over seventy percent of Dougherty Regional Fire Authority's responses are related to medical emergencies. Currently when medical assistance is needed, a fire department vehicle staffed with Emergency Medical Technicians responds as well as a privately owned, contracted, Advance Life Support unit. The delay between the arrival of the fire department and that of a paramedic ambulance is usually about five to ten minutes. In some cases the ambulance may be delayed much longer, due to depletion or responses in other parts of the county. The time lost between the arrival of the fire department and that of the ambulance IS valuable, and could mean the difference between life or death. The delay in patient care can be resolved by staffing DRFA engines with one paramedic which will allow Advanced Life Support to begin immediately. The engine company will continue its regular functions and staffing with the exception of one firefighter being cross trained as a paramedic. This staffing will assure the highest level of care In the shortest amount of time. The proposal of engine company paramedics is not a new concept. Many cities have adopted this type of program and it has proven very effective. The following are but a few of the many benefits which by far outweigh the program cost: 1. Faster delivery of Advanced Life Support. 2. Paramedics dedicated to DRFA fire districts. 3. Higher level of medical care for department specialty teams i.e., Hazardous Materials Team, Heavy Rescue Team, etc. Better disaster preparedness. Better public relations/education. Increased span of control at emergency scenes. Provides Opportunities for future endeavors and financial gain. history of the fire service departments have been providing their communities with better service: from increased public education and fire prevention 4. 5. 6. 7. I I I l' I 1 SECTION 2 I " _I OPERATIONS I t' I I' I I I I I I I I I I I I' I I I I t I I I CONDlno~s OF APPROVAL Prior to initiating an Engine Company Paramedic Program, Dougherty Regional Fire Authority must be granted approval from both Alameda and Contra Costa Counties. The following requirements must be met in order to commence with a paramedic program: A letter of intent to begin an Engine Company Paramedic Program must be submitted to the County Emergency Medical Services District as the initial step for consideration. Engine company paramedic services must comply with all related county protocols. Engine company paramedics shall be staffed with one certified/accredited paramedic, accompanied by two or more certified Emergency Medical Technicians. . Engine company paramedic units shall be concurrently dispatched with a paramedic ambulance staffed with two certi fied paramedics. Engine company paramedics shall not function as transport units. Patient transportation shall be provided by an Advanced Life Support Ambulance contracted by the county. Engine company paramedic units shall be equipped and supplied according to county protocols (see Appendix A). Engine company paramedic units shall not permanently advertise that paramedic service is provided, unless continuous 24-hour service is provided. I I I I I I I 1 I II I I "" .HEDICAL ,HANAGE.WE.VT .4,VD RESPO:VSiBiLiTiES Initial responsibiiity for the patients medical management shall rest with the paramedic of the first arriving unit. Patient care will be transferred from the engine company paramedic to the transporting paramedic unit after a patient report has been given. Engine company paramedics will assist the transporting paramedics with medical care on scene or while en.route to the hospital. Engine company paramedics are authorized to perform all paramedic skills in accordance with protocols set forth by County Emergency Medical Services (see Appendix B). The following responsibilities also must be met by engine company paramedics: Both the engine company paramedic and the transporting paramedic must initiate a patient care report for each patient cOlltacl. -' Participation 10 the quality assurance program and incident review process established by the county EMS is required. j if Engine company paramedics must comply with all treatment protocols and procedures. Participation with the county EMS District, base hospital and the paramedic ambulance company is required. - ...... ~ " II I I 'I I I -I EQUIP.WENT REPLACEJIENT POLICY Engine company advanced life support procedures. Options for paramedic units are responsible supplies according to their restocking of supplies include: for own restocking policies all and All controlled substances (narcotics) must be restocked through an approved hospital emergency room, such as San Ramon Regional or Valley Care Hospital. Other supplies such as standard medications may be restocked by the responding paramedic ambulance. Extra supplies will be kept at Dougherty Fire stations in the medical supply room. ....., I I I ,I I .' J rl' I II I I INITIAL ESTIMATED EXPENSES Dougherty Regional Fire Authority currently owns a large amount of required equipment. However, in order to begin paramedic program approximately $12,000.00 of and supplies are needed (see Appendix A). Some of are as follows: the engine company additional equipment the more costly items . EKG Monitor (cardiac monitoring/defibrillation) EKG batteries Battery charger Cellular phone (base station Intubation/advanced airway Laryngoscope Endotracheal tubes hospital communications) equipment . I I I 'I I I' I I J I 1 I I- I I I I I I CO,VT1.VU1NG ESTI:HA. TED EXPENSES Continuing expenses will be minimal due to the ability to restock from the contract ambulance or base hospital. The ambulance company or hospital that restocks the engine will bill the patient for the equipment use d. Dougherty Regional Fire Authority will absorb the cost of various first aid supplies. I I 1 t I t SECTION 3 I I I TRAINING OPTIONS I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I " I I I, 1 I I I I OPTION #1 California Highway Patrol Paramedic Academy Sacramento. CA Length of class: Class schedule: prerequisites: Cost: Contact Person: Notes: Chabot College Fremont, CA Length of class: Class Schedule: Prereq u isi tes: Cost: Contact Person: Notes: One year to eighteen months One week at school (08:00-17:00), two weeks off, on site housing provided. Anatomy and physiology $ 900.00 per student SGT. Fairbrother (916) 322-9717 Class limited to fifteen students, allied agencies welcome. OPTION #2 One year to fi fteen months Firefighter schedule Anatomy and physiology $3,000.00 per student Sheldon Gilbert, ALCO Fire (510) 670-5894 This is the program Alameda County Fire Dept. has adopted. There is an "in house" preceptor program being developed. I, I I f I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I M.E.T.S. Paramedic School Lodi, CA Length of class: Class Schedule: Prerequisites: Cost: Contact Person: Notes: OPTION #3 One year to eighteen months Wed. and Fri. (0:900-19:00) Pre-paramedic class $ 750.00 for pre-paramedic class $7,000.00 per student Administration (209) 368-9690 Paramedic program used by Stockton Fire Dept. OPTION #4 San Ramon Regional Medical Center San Ramon, CA Length of class: Class Schedule: Prerequisites: Cost: Contact Person: Notes: One year to eighteen months Undetermined Emergency Medical Technician Unknown Upper hospital management This should only be considered as a possible training option. As of this time, no specific details have been discussed with the hospital management. However, the hospital meets or exceeds all of the county's required paramedic training standards (see Appendix E). I I I t I I I I I I I I I I I I I 'I I SECTION 4 CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Certi fication: !:ill1: Con tact: Recerti fication: Cost: Contact: 5TA. TE CERT1F1CA TION Certification of paramedics California EMS Authority. successful completion of: is the responsibility of the Initial certification reqUIres I. State recognized/approved paramedic school 2. A minimum of 1,032 hours of instruction including: 320 hours of didactic/skills training 160 hours of clinical training 480 hours field internship 3. State written test 4. S tate ski 11 s test $ 30.00 (written test) $175.00 (certification fee) California EMSA Phone (916) 322-4336 STATE RECERTIFICATION Recertification is also the responsibility of the California EMS Authority. Recertification shall be granted upon successful completion of: 1. State written test every four years 2. 48 hours of approved continuing education every two years including: · Category I Field Care Audit (l2hrs.) · Category II Didactic (24 hrs) $ 30.00 (written test) $120.00 (recertification fee) California EMSA Phone (916) 322-4336 I I I I II I I I I I II ,I II 'I 'I I ,I ~I :1 COUNTY ACCREDITA T10N Accredi tation: After a candidate becomes certified as a paramedic with the California EMS Authority, he/she must then apply for accreditation in the county in which they wish to work. Accreditation is the responsibility of the local county EMS agency. Accreditation includes orientation to the county EMS system, training in policies, procedures and the use of additional skills or medications used by the county (expanded scope of practice). Initial Accreditation: 1. 2. 3. Provide proof of valid California EMT -Paramedic certi fication Complete county orientation Provide documentation of successful training in the local expanded scope of practice Provide proof of employment with approved agency Complete accreditation application 4. 5. Cost: $ 50.00 Contact: ALCO EMS Phone (510) 268-7355 Continuous Accreditation: Once Issued, accreditation shall be continuous as long as the following objectives are met: 1. Maintain paramedic certification in the state of California 2. Provide documentation of training in any skill added to the county's scope of practice 3. Complete the following courses within two years of accreditation a. Basic Trauma Life Support b. Pediatric Advance Life Support I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CONTINUING EDUCA TION All paramedics are required to complete 48 hours of continuing education every two years. After submitting a continuing education approval form to county EMS, the majority of continuing education can be completed in house using the following methods: Guest lecturers Video tapes Training drills Audio tapes . I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I APPENDIX A REQUIRED EQUIPMENT I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I a, II !I I FIRST RESPONDER PARAMEDIC EQUIPMENT LIST I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Policy No.: 5503 Date: 04/30/88 FIRST RESPONDER EMT-P EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS: First Responder Item Stretcher, scoop or back board Airways: Oropharyngeal (sizes 0 thru 6) 41x4" sterile bandage compresses or equivalent 2" or 3" roller bandages 40" triangular bandages lOx30" or larger universal dressings 1/2", 1", and 2" cloth adhesive tape Tourniquets (for hemorrhage control) Bandage shears Vaseline gauze (3Ix8" or 10"x13") Bite sticks, padded (commercial or homemade) Tongue Blade Blood pressure cuffs (portable): Adult Obese Pediatric Burn Sheets (sterile) - may be disposable or linen (with date of sterilization indicated) Cervical collars: Stiff: Medium Sma 11 Pediatri c Cold packs Emesis basins or emesis bags with containers Irrigation equipment and supplies: TUbing for irrigation Saline, sterile: l,OOOcc Water. sterile: 1.000cc Obstetrical kit (sterile: prepackaged to include minimum of 2 umbilical cord clamps. scissors or scalpel. aspiring bulb syringe. gloves, drapes, antiseptic solution) Airways: Nasopharyngeal (soft rubber) 30 Fr. 32 Fr. 34 Fr. Standard Equipment Reauirement 1 2 each 12 6 4 2 2 roll sea. 2 1 4 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OPERATIONS: First Responder Policy No.: 5503 Date: 04/30/88 FIRST RESPONDER EMT-P EQUIPMENT (continued) Item Standard Equipment Requirement Oxygen equipment and supplies: Nonrebreather masks for 02 administration (transparent) Adult Pediatric/Infant (simple) Nasal cannula for 02 administration 02 tanks Portable 3 2 4 Resuscitation equipment and supplies: Face masks for resuscitation (clear) Adult Pediatri c Pocket mask 2 2 1 Resuscitation bag-valve with 02 reservoir Adult Pediatric Glucosepaste (30.8 gm 40~) Sandbags, 10 lbs each (or equivalent) Spineboards Short with accessories/or short with board extrication devise 2 tubes 4 Splints With a soft or cushioned surface or equivalent padded board, wrap ladder, or cardboard splints Arm 3x15" Leg 3x36" Splints, traction Adult Pediatric Stethoscopes 4 4 1 1 2 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II OPERATIONS: First Responder Policy No.: 5503 Date: 04/30/88 FIRST RESPONDER EMT-P EQUIPMENT (continued) Item Pharyngeal tonsil tip (rigid) for suctioning Suction apparatus (portable) Suction catheters, No. 18 Suction catheters, Pedi 8 Fr 10 Fr Standard Equipment Requirement 2 1 4 Trash bags Paper (recommended) Plastic EMS Procedure Manual Maps, entire county Flashlight Flairs Fire Extinguisher Triage Tags 3 2 1 1 1 6 1 20 ALS EQUIPMENT Field radio unit (must be operational with capability to transmit voice/telemetry over telephone system, i.e., phone patch device) Laryngoscope equipment: Batteries (extra) Blades (curved McIntosh) Adult No. 4 No. 3 Pediatric No. 2 No. 1 Adult (Straight Miller) No. 4 No. 3 Pediatric No. 2 No. 1 Bulbs (extra) Handle set 1 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I ,I I I I I I I I OPERATIONS: First Responder Policy No.: 5503 Date: 04/30/88 FIRST RESPONDER EMT-P EQUIPMENT (continued) Item Standard Equipment Requirement Magill Forceps: Adult Pediatric Endotracheal tubes (uncuffed) Size 3.0 Size 4.0 Size 5.0 1 1 1 Stylet Pediatric Adult Endotracheal tubes cuffed w/adapter Size 6.0 Size 6.5 Size 7.0 Size 7.5 Size 8.0 Esophageal Gastric Tube Airway (EGTA) with masks Nasogastric tubes (Salem Sump) Adult 16 Fr Hand Held Nebulizer for Inhalation Medical Trauma Box 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 Monitor/defibrillator equipment Monitor/defibrillator must have strip recorder and synchronized cardio- version capabilities; must be portable (must be operational) Defibrillator Batteries, extra (if applicable) Defibrillating conductive gel or gel pads 1 set 1 tube/2 sets pads Defibrillator paddle set Adult Pediatric EKG electrodes Electrode wire (spares) (complete sets) 1 1 9 electrodes o I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OPERATIONS: First Responder Policy No.: 5503 Date: 04/30/88 FIRST RESPONDER EMT-P EQUIPMENT (continued) Item Standard Equipment Requirement Percutaneous Transtracheal Ventilation (PTV) Kit Pleural Decompression (PO) Kit Shock trousers (three compartments with velcro fasteners and "pop-off" valves) Adult Pediatric Alcohol swabs 12 swabs Blood specimen tubes (vacuum seal) 10 cc red top 7 cc purple top 7 cc green top Armboards Long Short Butterfly scalp vein needles (continuous infusion sets) No. 19 No. 21 No. 23 IV Catheters No. 14 No. 16 No. 18 No. 20 No. 22 2 1 1 Tourniquet (1" wide) Tubing Blood administration sets Standard with macrodrip Standard with microdr;p Lubricant, water soluble small 1 1 1 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 Extension tubes 4 2 4 4 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OPERATIONS: First Responder Policy No.: 5503 Date: 04/30/88 FIRST RESPONDER EMT-P EQUIPMENT (continued) Item Standard Equipment Reauirement Needles 18G: 20G: 22G: 25G: 111 111 1 11211 5/811 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 4 2 1 1 bottle 1 tube Oral medication cups (plastic 30 cc graduated) Paper cups Syringes 1 cc TB with needle 3 cc with 22G - 1 1/211 needle 3 cc with 25G - 5/811 needle 10 cc without needle 30 cc without needle 50 cc with aspiration tip Tincture of Benzoin Betadine Ointment I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OPERATIONS: First Responder Policy No.: 5503 Date: 04/30/88 FIRST RESPONDER EMT-P EQUIPMENT (continued) Item Standard Equipment Reauirement DRUG AND SOLUTION INVENTORY Alupent preload (0.3cc of 0.6t in 2.2cc NS) Aminophylline (IV) ampule/500mg/20cc Atropine sulfate lmg preload lmg/5cc Benadryl preload 50mg/lcc Bretylium Tosylate ambule 500mg/10cc Calcium chloride preload 1 gm/10cc Dextrose sot preload 25gm/SOcc Dopamine Hydrochloride preload 400mg/5cc Epinephrine 1:1.000 ampule lmg/lcc Epinephrine 1:10.000 preload lmg/l0cc with 21G 1 1/2~ needles Glucagon Ipecac Isuprel lmg/Scc preload Lasix 40mg/4cc preload Lidocaine 2t preload 10mg/lcc Morphine sulfate preload 10mg/lcc Narcan preload 2mg/2cc Nitroglycerine tabs Gr. 1/150 (within expiration date) Saline. sterile (for injection (lOcc/single-dose vials) Sodium bicarbonate preload 44.6mEq or SOmEg/SOcc Valium (injectable 10mg/2cc preload) Solutions (in baqs) DSW SOOcc Ringer's Lactate (RL) 1.000cc DSW 100cc NQIE. : 1 1 2 2 3 1 2 2 2 4 1 bottle 2 2 2 2 6 bottle 1 3 2 2 4 1 Standard Eauioment Reauirement: This list of equipment will be the minimum amount required to place a new unit into service. It will also be the normal amount of equipment for operation. I I I I I eQUIPMENT PURCHASING LIST I I I I I I I I I I I I I I . I I I DOUGHERTY REGIONAL FIRE AUTHORITY EQUIPMENT PURCHASING LIST ITEM QUANTITY PRICE I LARYNGOSCOPE HANDEL 1 21.36 I BLADES [CURVED MciNTOSH] #1 1 29.68 #2 1 29.68 #3 1 29.68 I #4 1 29.68 BLADES [STRAIGHT] I #1 1 29.68 #2 1 29.68 #3 1 29.68 I #4 1 29.68 REPLACEMENT BLUB 1 19.77 BX. 1 19.77 ex. I MAGILL FORCEPS PEDI. 1 6.42 I ADULT 1 6.42 ENDOTRACHEAL TUBES UNCUFFED #2.5 10 19.50 ax. I " " #3.0 10 19.50 BX. " " #4.0 10 19.50 ax. " " #5.0 10 19.50 ax. I CUFFED #6.0 10 19.50 ax. #6.5 10 19.50 BX. I #7.0 10 19.50 ex. #7.5 10 19.50 ax. I #8.0 10 19.50 ax. STYL ET ADULT 3 20.00 I PEDI 3 20.00 THORACENTESIS KIT 1 41.44 I CRICOTHVROMOTY KIT 1 25.84 OX ELECTRODES 2 ax 24.00 PEDI ELECTRODES 1 ax 24.00 I I I I I I EQUIPMENT LIST CONTINUIED I ITEM QUANITY PRICE JELCO LV. CATH #14ga. 1 Bx 86.66 I #16ga. 1 Bx 86.66 #18ga. 1 Bx 86.66 I #20ga 1 Bx 86.66 INTEROSSEOUS CATH #16ga. 1 Bx 68.38 I LV. TUBING ~Y"TYPE BLOOD 1 Ogtt. 1 Bx 279.79 STANDARD MINI DRIP 60gtt. 1 Bx 114.78 I EXTENTION TUBING 1 Bx 89.78 I. V. FLUID I RINGERS 1000ee BAG 1 Bx 30.13 D5W 500ee BAG 1 Bx 51.46 SYRINGES I 1 ee TB WITH NEEDLE 1 Bx 19.93 3ee 25G -5/8" NEEDLE 1 Bx 12.49 I 1 Oee WITH OUT NEEDLE 1 Bx 20.30 30ee WITH OUT NEEDLE 1 Bx 16.84 NEEDLES I #18ga.-1 " 1 Bx 10.08 #20ga.-1 " 1 Bx 10.06 I #25ga- 1" 1 Bx 10.06 BLOOD SPECIMEN TUBES [RED TOPS] 1 Bx 18.85 I MEDICAL SUPPORT PACK 1 239.78 EKG MONITOR/DEFIBRILLATOR 1 8,945.00 I (ZOll PO-140m BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEM 1 1400.00 (ZOll PD-4420) I EXTRA BATTERY PAOf< 1 100.00 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I APPENDIX B .', " APPROVED .. SKILLS .' I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I PARAMEDIC SCOPE OF PRACTICE "Emergency Medical Technician-Paramedic" or "EMT-P" or "Paramedic" or "Mobile Intensive Care Paramedic" means an individual: 1) who is educated and trained in all elements of prehospital advanced life support according to standards described by Title 22 of the California Code of Regulations. 2) whose scope of practice to provide advanced life support is in accordance with standards prescribed by Title 22 of California Administrative Code. 3) who has a valid state certificate and is accredited by the County EMS Medical Director. 100144. Scope of Practice of Emergency Medical Technician-Paramedic (EMT-P). (a) An EMT-P may perform any activity identified in the scope of practice of an EMT-I in Chapter 2 of this Division, or any activity identified in the scope of practice of an EMT-1I in Chapter 3 of this Division. (b) An EMT-P student or a certified EMT-P, as part of an organized EMS system, while caring for patients in a hospital as part of his/her training or continuing education under the direct supervision of a physician, registered nUfse, Of physician assistant, or while at the scene of a medical emergency or during transport, or during interfacility transfer, may perfofm the following procedures or administer the following medications when such are approved by the medical director of the local EMS agency and are included in the written policies and procedures of the local EMS agency. (1) Perform defibrillation. (2) Perform synchronized cardioversion. (3) Visualize the airway by use of the laryngoscope and remove foreign body( -ies) with forceps. (4) Perform pulmonary ventilation by use of the esophageal airway, and endotracheal intubation. All EMT-Ps shall be trained and tested in adult oral endotracheal intubation. (5) Institute intravenous (IV) catheters, heparin locks, saline locks, needles, or other cannulae (IV lines), in peripheral veins; and monitor and administer medications through pre-existing vascular access. (6) Administer intravenous glucose solutions or isotonic balanced salt solutions, including Ringer's lactate solution. (7) Obtain venous blood samples. (8) Use pneumatic antishock trousers. (9) Perform Valsalva's maneuver. (10) Perform needle thoracostomy. (11) Perform nasogastric intubation and gastric suction. (12) Monitor thoracostomy tubes and IV solutions containing potassium equal to or less than 20 mEq/L. Contra Costa County Prehospital Care Manual Page 3 I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I (13) Administer, using prepackaged products when available, the following medications: (A) 25% and 50% dextrose; (B) activated charcoal; (C) aerosolized or nebulized beta-2 specific bronchodilators; (D) atropine sulfate; (E) bretylium tosylate; (F) calcium chloride; (G) diazepam; (H) diphenhydramine hydrochloride; (I) dopamine hydrochloride; (1) epinephrine; (K) furosemide; (L) heparin (for use in heparin locks only) (not currently used in COlllra Costa County); (M) isoproterenol (not ,'urrently used in Contra Costa County); (N) lidocaine hydrochloride; (0) morphine sulfate; (P) naloxone hydrochloride; (Q) nitroglycerin preparations, except intravenous, unless permitted under (b)(14) of this Section; (R) oxytocin (not currently used in Contra Costa County); (S) sodium bicarbonate; (T) syrup of ipecac (not c:urrently used in Contra Costa County); and (U) terbutaline sulfate (not currently used in Contra Costa County). (14) Perform or monitor other procedure(s) or administer any other medication(s) determined to be appropriate for EMT-P use in the professional judgement of the medical director of the local EMS agency, that have been approved by the Director of the Emergency Medical Services Authority when the EMT-P has been trained and tested in those topics and skills as required to demonstrate competence in the additional practice(s). , State of California Paramedic Undefined Scope of Practice The state EMS Regulations (Title 22) define the basic scope of practice which is authorized for all paramedics certified in California. In addition, any local EMS Agency may apply to the State EMSA for additions to the basic scope of practice. These items are considered to be a part of each county's Paramedic Undefined Scope of Practice. The following medications and procedures are approved for use in the Contra Costa County Undefined Scope of Practice: .I Pediatric Endotracheal Intubation .I Needle Cricothyrotomy .I Glucagon .I High Dose Epinephrine .I Adenosine .I Pulse Oximetry .I Rectal Valium .I Intraosseous Infusion Page 4 Contra Costa County Prehospital Care Manual I I I I I I I I I I I I :1 I I I I I I ALS SKILLS ALLOWED PRIOR TO VOICE CONTACT An EMT-P may initiate only the following forms of emergency treatment prior to attempting voice contact with a physician or authorized registered nurse utilizing Contra Costa County Field Treatment Guidelines: 1. Administer Ringer's Lactate in the adult patient, or intravenous or intraosseous Ringer's Lactate in the pediatric patient, and obtain blood samples. 2. Perform pulmonary ventilation via endotracheal intubation in a full medical or traumatic cardiopulmonary or respiratory arrest, or on a patient with a respiratory rate of 6 or less. See ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION section for contraindications. 3. If endotracheal intubation is indicated and is not possible, perform pulmonary ventilation by use of the EOA, except when an EOA is contraindicated. 4. Defibrillate a patient in ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia. 5. Visualize the airway by use of the laryngoscope and remove foreign bodies with Magill forceps in complete airway obstruction. 6. The following drugs may be administered prior to base contact: In a medical cardiac arrest: Epinephrine I: 10,000 Atropine Lidocaine Narcan - I mg - repeat every 3-5 minutes as necessary - I mg - repeat every 3-5 minutes to max dose of 0.04 mg/kg - 1.5 mg/kg - 1.0-2.0 mg (may repeat once) In an adult patient with symptomatic bradycardia: Atropine - 0.5 mg In an adult patient with probable cardiac chest pain or pulmonary edema: Nitroglycerin - 0.4 mg (gr. 1/150) SL (one dose only) In an adult patient in ventricular tachycardia with a pulse, or with significant PVC's: Lidocaine - 1 mg/kg In an adult patient with an altered level of consciousness: N arcan Dextrose 50% - 1.0-2.0 mg (may repeat once) if narcotic overdose suspected - 25 gm if hypoglycemia suspected In an adult or pediatric patient with respiratory distress and wheezes due to acute asthma or bronchospasm: Alupent 0.3 mg/2.5ml saline via nebulizer IN EACIIINSTANCE WIIERE ALS SKILLS ARE PERfORMED PRIOR TO VOICE CONTACf, WITH TilE EXCEPTION OF PROPHYLACTIC IVs IN STABLE PATIENTS TIIAT 00 NOT REOUlRE FURTIIER AU; INTERVENTIONS, IMMEDIATELY UPON ABILITY TO MAKE VOICE CONTA(.'T, TilE PARAMEDIC SIIALL MAKE VOICE CONTACf WITII TilE BASE 1I0SPITAL ON A TAPED LINE. A peR DOCUMENTING TilE ADVANCED LIFE SUPPORT SKILLS PERfORMED, AND TilE TIME OF BASE CONTA(.'" MUST BE COMPLETED. Contra Costa County Prehospital Care Manual Page 5 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I DISRUPTED COMMUNICATIONS When a paramedic at the scene of an emergency attempts direct voice contact with a base hospital, but cannot establish or maintain that contact and reasonably determines that a delay in treatment may jeopardize the patient, the paramedic is expected to transport the patient as soon as possible. The paramedic may initiate necessary ALS procedures, specified in the Contra Costa County field treatment guidelines, within the limitations of the disrupted communications policy, until voice contact with a base hospital is established and maintained, or until the patient is delivered to the closest appropriate receiving facility. The paramedic will be required to demonstrate that the treatment delivered was appropriate. Whenever possible, treatment should be delivered enroute. Intraosseous infusion may be performed during disrupted communications only when the patient is in cardiac arrest or profound shock. Rectal diazepam may be administered during disrupted communications. If the paramedic utilizes the disrupted communications policy and institutes ALS procedures, the paramedic shall: I) Immediately following delivery of the patient to the receiving hospital: a. make voice contact with the base hospital on a taped line. Paramedics shall not respond to further calls until this contact is made. b. verbally notify the paramedic provider agency. c. complete the PCR documenting the ALS skills performed, and the time of base hospital con tact. d. notify, or request that the agency dispatcher notify, Sheriffs Dispatch of the communication problem, if the paramedic suspects that the problem was due to a situation other than location. , 2) Within 24 hours: a. Send a copy of the completed PCR and a written report explaining the reason/s or suspected reason/s for communication failure, and the rationale for initiating ALS treatment, to the following agencies: I. Base Coordinator at the assigned base hospital 2. Emergency Medical Services Agency 3. Paramedic provider agency The base physician will evaluate the paramedic written report and forward an evaluation of the report to the Emergency Medical Services Agency within five (5) working days. Page 6 Contra Costa County Prehospital Care Manual I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I ADV ANCED LIFE SUPPORT SKILLS LIST The following skills may be performed by Contra Costa County paramedics following protocols or base hospital orders: 1. Adult oral endotracheal intubation 2. Esophageal obturator airway 3. Removal of foreign body obstruction with magill forceps 4. Needle cricothyrotomy'" 5. Defibrillation 6. Cardioversion 7. Intravenous therapy 8. Drug therapy (see drug list) 9. Needle thoracostomy'" 10. Intraosseous infusion"'''' 11. Rectal diazepam** 12. Pediatric oral endotracheal intubation'" 13. Use of pulse oximeter "'Only paramedics who have completed the Contra Costa County advanced airway certification requirements may perform these skills. "''''Only paramedics who have completed the Contra Costa County pediatric skills training requirements may perform these skills. Contra Costa County Prehospital Care Manual Page 7 I I I I I I I I I I I :1 I I I I I I I ASSESSMENT A~L> PATIENT MANAGEMENT Paramedics are dispatched on calls according to county dispatching policies. When paramedics arrive at the scene, they should assess the environment, taking into account their own safety, as well as that of the patient. They should evaluate the need and availability of on-scene assistance as well as the ETA to the appropriate hospital. The assessment of a patient includes the history and a physical examination. The history includes the patient's stated chief complaint, evaluation of that complaint (may use the mnemonic PASTMED for dyspnea, or PQRST for pain), the events immediately preceding the present medical problem, or mechanism of injury in the case of trauma, the past medical history, medications, and allergies. The physical should include an evaluation of the ABC's, skin signs, level of consciousness, and vital signs, followed by a head-to-toe secondary survey. A paramedic may choose to do the history first, followed by the physical, or may do them at the same time. The two paramedics will work as a team with one doing the direct patient history and physical, while the other obtains a history from firefighters, family, and by-standers. Based on the data obtained from the history.and physical, the paramedics should make a general assessment of the patient's problem. The assessment should include the systems involved that will require treatment. If the data gathered from the history and physical lead to a more specific field diagnosis, this may be included in the general assessment. Based on the ETA to the appropriate hospital, the severity of the patient's condition, and the general assessment, the paramedic should consider treatment options: I) no paramedic skills are necessary, transport BLS; 2) ALS skills required, contact base to discuss data and assessment, and initiate appropriate ALS protocols; 3) patient is critical and requires certain approved ALS skills prior to contacting base hospital; 4) patient is critical and meets "load and go" criteria with base and/or receiving hospital contact enroute; 5) patient refuses treatment or transport and signs out AMA. , Regardless of which treatment option is chosen, a patient care report must be completed on each patient including all the data collected, the general assessment, and treatment provided. The appropriate copy should be left at the receiving hospital with the remaining copies, including trauma triage forms, sent to the provider agency. Monthly copies of forms for ALS calls, BLS calls, and dry runs are forwarded to the base hospital. The EMS Agency and/or base hospital will periodically evaluate these forms to assure that treatment was justified based on the assessment and data collected. Any patient care report may be subject to quality assurance review to assess the appropriateness and adequacy of advanced life support procedures initiated, and decisions regarding transport. Contra Costa County Prehospital Care Manual Page 8 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OPERATIONS: Patient Care Policies (ALS) POlicy No.: 7100 Date: 07/01/91 EMT-P AUTHORIZED SKILLS/DRUGS 1. Alameda County Authorized Paramedic Skills 1.1 Antishock trousers 1.2 Cardioversion 1.3 Cricothyrotomy and transtracheal jet insufflation 1.4 Defibrillation 1.5 EKG monitoring and dysrhythmia recognition 1.6 Endotracheal intubation 1.7 Endotracheal medication administration 1.8 Injections (subcutaneous. intramuscular. sublingual) 1.9 Intravenous lines (peripheral. including external jugular) 1.10 Intravenous medication administration 1.11 Intraosseous Infusion 1.12 KCL infusions (monitoring) 1.13 Laryngoscope use 1.14 Magill forceps use 1.15 Oral medication administration 1.16 Percutaneous transtracheal ventilation (needle cricothyrotomy) 1.17 Pleural decompression (needle thoracostomy) 1.18 Preexisting vascular access devices (previously established) 1.19 Rectal Valium 1.20 Sublingual medication (tablet. injection) 1.21 Thorocostomy tubes (monitoring) 1.22 Valsalva maneuver 1.23 Venipuncture 2. Alameda County Authorized Paramedic Drugs 2.1 Alupent Neubulizer (metaproternol sulfate) 2.2 Activated charcoal 2.3 Adenosine - Trial study 2.4 Atropine sulfate 2.5 Benadryl (diphenhydramine) 2.6 Bretylium tosylate 2.7 Calcium Chloride 2.8 Charcoal 2.9 DSH (for drips only) 2.10 Dextrose 251 2.11 Dextrose 501 2.12 Dopamine hydorchloride 2.13 Epinephrine (1:1.000. 1:10.000) 2.14 Glucagon hydrochloride 2.15 Glucose paste 2.16 Isuprel (isoproterenol) 2.17 Lactated Ringers 2.18 Lasix (furosemide) I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OPERATIONS: Patient Care policies (ALS) Policy No.: 7100 Date: 07/01/91 EMT-P AUTHORIZED SKILLS/DRUGS (continued) 2. Alameda County Authorized Paramedic Druas (continued) 2.19 Lidocaine hydorch1oride (Xy1ocaine) 2.20 Morphine sulfate 2.21 Narcan (naloxone) 2.22 Oxygen 2.23 Sodium bicarbonate 2.24 Nitroglycerine spray 2.25 Valium (diazepam) 3. No EMT-P will perform any skill which has not been authorized by the Alameda County Health Officer. 4. EMT-Ps will not draw blood alcohols for legal purposes. 5. ALS mobile units are prohibited from carrying any medical equipment or medication which has not been authorized for prehospita1 use by the Alameda County Health Officer. 6. While on duty. no EMT-P will carryon his/her person any medical equipment which has not been approved for use by the Alameda County Health Officer. I I I I I, I I I I I I I I I I I ,I I I APPENDIX C 'COUR,SE , APPRO'VAL . ' . ' "., ::' I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CONTRA COSTA COUNTY HEALTH SERVICES DEPARTMENT EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES 50 GLACIER DRIVE MARTINEZ, CA 94553-4822 (510)646-4690 EMERGENCY ME_DICAL TECHNICIAN - PABA-MEDIC TRAINING PROGRAM APPLICATION FOR COURSE APPROVAL 1/92 I I I CONTRA COSTA COUNTY HEALTH SERVICES DEPARTMENT EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES CHECK LIST: Emergency Medical Technician.Paramedic Training Program Approval I I I I I I I I I I I I I I PAGE # MA TERIALS TO BE SUBMITTED ENCLOSED TO FOLLOW EMS USE ONLY Application Form Program Medical Director Information Form Program Course Director Information Form Principal Instructor Form(s) (one for each instructor) Teaching Assistant Information Form(s) (one for each assistant) HospitallField Affiliation Forms (include written agreements specifying roles and responsibilities of training program, hospital, and ambulance company. Also include copies of evaluation forms and evaluation criteria) Class Site Location Fonn Student Eligibility Criteria Entrance Qualifying Exam and/or Prerequisites Statement of Course Objectives Course Outline: must include topics identified in US DOT curriculum Lesson Plans and Objectives Perfonnance Objectives for each Skill .. Course Scbedule(include proposed dates) Samples of Written and Skills Exams Final Written Exam Statement verifying usage of DOT EMT-P Curriculum "No more than six(6) students will be assigned to one(l) individual during the skills practice/laboratory. I I 1 : I 'I I I I I ,I I II I II I !I I I I I I I I I CONTRA COSTA COUNTY HEALTH SERVICES DEPARTMENT EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES PARAMEDIC TRAINING PROGRAM Name of Training Institution: Street: City: County: Phone: ( Zip: ) State: Course Title: Program Director: Program Medical Director: Principal Instructor( s): Basic Paramedic Course: Total Hours: Didactic/Skills Hours: Clinical Hours: Field Internship Hours: (minimum 1032 hours) (minimum 320 hours) (minimum 160 hours) (minimum 480 hours) WEEKS Semester: Units of Credit: Other(specify): Quarter: TEXT(S) TITLE AUTHOR COPYRIGHT DATE REVISED EDmON PERSON WHO PREPARED APPLICATION PACKAGE: NAME: TITLE: TELEPHONE: ( DATE SUBMITIED: 2 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CONTRA COSTA COUNTY HEALTH SERVICES DEPARTMENT EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES PARAMEDIC TRAINING PROGRAM PROGRAM DIRECTOR INFORMATION FORM Name: Occupation: (must be physician. RN. or paramedic) Professional and/or Academic Degree{s) held: (must have baccalaureate degree) Professional License Number(s):(if applicable) What California Teaching Credential(s) do you now hold? Type: Type: Expiration Date: Expiration Date: Administrative and/or Management Experience: (minimum 1 year) Academic or Clinical Experience in ALS prehospital care:(minimum 3 years within the past 5 years) Course content you will teach. by subject: (if applicable) Signature of Program Director Date 3 I I I ,I I I I I I I I I I I I, I I I I CONTRA COSTA COUNTY HEALTH SERVICES DEPARTMENT EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES PARAMEDIC TRAINING PROGRAM PROGRAM MEDICAL DIRECTOR INFORMATION FORM Name: Occupation: (must be physician) Professional and/or Academic Degree(s) held: Professional License Number(s):(if applicable) What California Teaching Credential(s) do you now hold? Type: Type: Expiration Date: Expiration Date: Administrative and/or Management Experience: Academic or Clinical Experience in ALS prehospital care:(minimum 2 years within the past 5 years) Course content you will teach, by subject: (if applicable) Signature of Program Medical Director Date 4 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CONTRA COSTA COUNTY HEALTH SERVICES DEPARTMENT EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES PARAMEDIC TRAINING PROGRAM PRINCIPAL INSTRUCTOR INFORMATION FORM Name: Occupation: (must be physician. RN, or paramedic) Professional and/or Academic Degree(s) held: Professional License Number(s):(if applicable) What California Teaching Credential(s) do you now hold? Type: Type: Expiration Date: Expiration Date: Academic or Clinical Experience in ALS prehospital care:(minimum 2 years within the past 5 years) Course content you will teach, by subject:(if applicable) Principal Instructor Signature Date is qualified to teach those sections of the course s/he is assigned. Signature of Program Director Date 5 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CONTRA COSTA COUNTY HEALTH SERVICES DEPARTMENT EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES PARAMEDIC TRAINING PROGRAM TEACHING ASSISTANT INFORMATION FORM Name: Occupation: Professional and/or Academic Degree(s) held: Professional License Number(s):(if applicable) What California Teaching Credential(s) do you now hold? Type: Type: Expiration Date: Expiration Date: Academic or Clinical Experience in ALS prehospital care:(minimum 2 years within the past 5 years) Course content you will teach. by subject: (if applicable) Teaching Assistant Signature Date is qualified to teach those sectiODS of the course slbe is assigned. Signature of Program Director Date 6 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CONTRA COSTA COUNTY HEALTH SERVICES DEPARTMENT EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES PARAMEDIC TRAINING PROGRAM HOSPITAL AFFILIATION FORM Name(s) of hospital(s) where student emergency department instruction is located: NAME: STREET: CITY: CONTACT PERSON: ZIP: NAME: STREET: CITY: CONTACT PERSON: ZIP: NAME: STREET: CITY: CONTACT PERSON: ZIP: NAME: STREET: CITY: CONTACT PERSON: ZIP: NAME: STREET: CITY: CONTACT PERSON: ZIP: NAME: STREET: CITY: CONTACT PERSON: ZIP: 7 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CONTRA COSTA COUNTY HEALTH SERVICES DEPARTMENT EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES PARAMEDIC TRAINING PROGRAM AMBULANCE AFFILIATION FORM Name(s) of ambulance service(s) where student field internship is located: NAME: STREET: CITY: CONTACT PERSON: ZIP: NAME: STREET: CITY: CONTACT PERSON: ZIP: NAME: STREET: CITY: CONTACT PERSON: ZIP: NAME: STREET: CITY: CONTACT PERSON: ZIP: NAME: STREET: CITY: CONTACT PERSON: ZIP: NAME: STREET: CITY: CONTACT PERSON: ZIP: 8 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CONTRA COSTA COUNTY HEALTH SERVICES DEPARTMENT EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES PARAMEDIC TRAINING PROGRAM CLASS SITE LOCATION FORM Please indicate below the address where each Paramedic Training Program will be offered, if the location is other than at the address shown on the Application Form. Primary Instructor: Teaching Assistants: Location: Address: City: Zip: Proposed Dates: Primary Instructor: Teaching Assistants: Location: Address: City: Zip: Proposed Dates: 9 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CONTRA COSTA COUNTY HEALTH SERVICES DEPARTMENT EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES PARAMEDIC TRAINING PROGRAM STUDENT ELIGIBILITY FORM To be eligible to enroll in the Paramedic Training Program, what requirements must be met: Are there additional requirements that must be met for course completion: YES NO If Yes, please describe: 10 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CONTRA COSTA COUNTY HEALTH SERVICES DEPARTMENT EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES PARAMEDIC TRAINING PROGRAM BASIC COURSE OUTLINE CHECKLIST Please attach this form to your basic course outline REQUIRED TOPICS ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES SYSTEMS: Recognition and access Initiation of the Emergency Medical Services Response Management of the scene - Medical control - Scene control - When to call for backup Transportation of emergency personnel, equipment. and the patient - CHP equipment mandate(requirements) - Determination of destination Overview of hospital categorization and designation - Base hospital - Critical care centers(trauma centers, pediatric centers, etc.) - Emergency facility - comprehensive. basic, standby - Receiving hospital Communications overview - Radio - Telemetry 1 1 Indicate by page number where included in course outline I - Telephone I Recordkeeping and evaluation, including data collection I MuIticasuaIty incidents and disasters Role and responsibility of the State and local EMS system management I MEDICAL/LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS Laws governing the EMT-P: I Abandonment Child abuse, elder abuse, and other laws that require reporting I Consent - implied and informed I Good Samaritan Laws Legal detention(Welfare and Institutions Code, Section 5150 and 5170) I Local policies and procedures, to include pronouncing/determining death Medical control I Medical practice acts affecting the EMT-P I Negligence Overview of EMT-I. EMT-II, and EMT-P in California I Special procedures utilized for victims of suspected criminal acts, including preservation of evidence. I The health professional at the scene Written medical records I Overview of issues concerning the health professional: Death and dying I Malpractice protection I Medical ethics and patient confidentiality Safeguards against communicable diseases I EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES COMMUNICATIONS Emergency medical services communication system: I Radio communication I System components I 12 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Telephone Communication Communication regulations and procedures: Communication policies and procedures Radio troubleshooting Radio use Role of Federal Communications Commission(FCC) Skills Protocols: Radio mechanics(operational skill) EXTRICATION AND RESCUE Extrication and Rescue: MAJOR INCIDENT RESPONSE Multicasualty Disaster Management: (including Incident Command System) Local policies and protocols Medical management Triage (including S.T.A.R.T.) Hazardous Materials: Principles of hazardous materials management, to include tear gas and radiation exposure and precautions STRESS MANAGEMENT MED ICAL TERMINOLOGY ~li;11!1.'l;~:il~~1rl~jl~jl~~~:::!~1~1:::::::.:;I'!':1I:I~~:~:::':I. Medical Terminology, including anatomical terms: GENERAL PATIENT ASSESSMENT AND INlT1AL MANAGEMENT :1..,.::i'~:il~il~~~::~1111'Jlt'~;r~::~:11:ii!iiil.l~:i~iii.i:.,::i~::I:I:I'I:'.l!'i:~ :::I:.:\\:.~!~!i~I~~~11ItI1~~11:;ll::::::ll:::in::i:~::::;,::::i::~::::'.:.:':::::: . -. ................... Human Systems: Basics of anatomy and physiology. to include: - Body cavities - Cardiovascular (circulatory) system . Digestive system . Endocrine system 13 I - Genitourinary system I - Homeostasis I - Integumentary system . Muscular system I - Nervous system - Respiratory system I - Skeleton system - The cell - basic structure and function I . Tissues I Patient assessment: Pertinent patient history I Physical examination Prioritization of assessment and management I Scene assessment I Reporting format for presenting patient information: Skills protocols: I Diagnostic signs Patient assessment I Reporting patient information AlRW A Y AND VENTILATION I Airway Management: assessment and prehospital management of the patient i respiratory distress, emphasizing techniques under Skills Protocols I Skills Protocols: I Basic airway adjuncts: - Bag/valve systems I - Demand valves - Nasopharyngeal airways I - Oropharyngeal airways I - Oxygen administration devices 14 I I - Suctioning and portable suction equipment I Chest auscultation I Direct laryngoscopy and use of Magill forceps for removal of foreign body Endotracheal intubation(ET), to include drug administration and suctioning, and intubation of the chronic stoma I Esophageal aifWay, including esophageal gastric tube aifWay (EGT A) I PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SHOCK Fluids and Electrolytes: I Acid-base balance Blood and its composition I Body fluids and distribution I Electrolytes Intravenous solutions I Osmosis and diffusion I Assessment and Management - Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, associated complications, and the prehospital management of shock to include: Cardiogenic shock I Distributive shock I Hypovolemic shock Obstructive shock I Skills Protocols: IV techniques I - peripheral IV insertion, to include sterile techniques and preparation of equipment(IV tubing, bottle, and bag) I - withdrawal of blood samples by venipuncture I Pneumatic antishock trousers, to include indications, contraindications, associated complications, and application/deflation procedure GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY I Introduction to phannacology I Classi fications I 15 I Factors which affect action, onset of action and duration I General drug actions I Home medications Routes of administration I Terminology I Computing dosages Drug Dosages: I Weights and measures, including review of the metric system Autonomic Nerves: I Parasympathetic Sympathetic, to include alphalbeta .\lj~~::~!~~:I.t~II~I~~~.~\..\I\\~\~:\:.::\\~::i\\:::.:~\\\\ii\:\.:\:::\\.m:: ,I Drug Preparation and Administration Skills: Addition of drugs to IV bottle, bag or volutrol, and regulating rate of infusion I Administration of drugs directly into a vein I Administration of drugs through an endotracheal tube(as part of ET skill) Inhalation I Intramuscular injections Oral I Subcutaneous injections I Sublingual (not for injection) Sublingual injections I Preexisting vascular access devices I Anatomy and Physiology I Soft-Tissue lnjuries - pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, mechanism of injury. associated complications, and the prehospital management of soft tissue injuries to include: I Head and neck injuries I Wounds - open and closed 16 I I Eye injuries I Skills Protocols: I Bandaging Control of external hemorrhage I I Eye irrigation Immobilizing impaled objects Impaled objects including removal of impaled object in cheek Pneumatic antishock trousers I I MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES Anatomy and Physiology Musculoskeletal Injuries: Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, mechanism of injury, associated complications, and the prehospital management of musculoskeletal injuries to include: I I I Fractures Dislocations Sprains and strains Skills Protocols: I I Pneumatic antishock trousers Rigid splint Sling and swath I I Traction splint CHEST TRAUMA Hemothorax Impaled objects I I Myocardial and great vessel trauma Pneumothorax and tension pneumothorax Rib fractures and flail chest I Skills Protocols: ABDOMINAL TRAUMA - to include pelvic and genitourinary trauma I I 17 I I HEAD AND SPINAL CORD TRAUMA: pathophysiology, specific assessment, mechanism of injury, associated complications Skills Protocols: I Cervical immobilization Helmet removal I I I I Spinal immobilization MUL nSYSTEM INJURIES BURNS Anatomy and Physiology Assessment and Treatment RESPIRATORY SYSTEM I Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System to include: I I Composition of gases in the environment Exchange of gases in the lung Regulation of respiration Respiration patterns Respiratory Distress: I I Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cerebral and brain stem dysfunction I I Dysfunction of spinal cord, nerves or respiratory muscles Hyperventilation syndrome Pneumonia I Pulmonary embolism Spontaneous pneumothorax I Upper airway obstruction Acute Pulmonary Edema - cardiac and noncardiac I Near drowning Toxic Inhalations I 18 I illllllllllti:::'!!'.::\~~.~i~'i~:ii:.~j~:i'~:I:':'::;:.:::.:.::::.:::::::::::: I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Anatomy and Physiology Cardiac conduction system Cardiac cycle Cardiac output and blood pressure Electromechanical system of the heart Nervous control Introduction of Electrocardiogram Interpretation Components of the electrocardiogram record Electrophysiology Identifying normal sinus rhythm Dysrhythmia recognition, to include prebospital management for: Artifact Artificial pacemaker rhythms Atrial fibrillation Atrial flutter Cardiac standstill (asystole) Electromechanical dissociation First degree atrioventricular block Idioventricular rhythm Junctional rhythm Premature junctional contractions Premature ventricular contractions Second degree atrioventricular block Sinus arrhythmia Sinus bradycardia (with hypotension) Sinus tachycardia Supraventricular tachycardia Third degree atrioventricular block 19 I I I Ventricular fibrillation Ventricular tachycardia Cardiovascular Disorders: aortic aneurysm I I Cardiogenic shock Congestive heart failure Coronary artery disease, angina, and acute myocardial infarction Hypertensive emergencies I, I I I I Skills Protocols: ACLS megacode modified for field situation Basic cardiac life support (BCLS) Cardiac monitoring Defibrillation and synchronized cardioversion Vagal maneuvers, specifically, val salva maneuvers ENDOCRINE EMERGENCIES Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, associated complications, and the prebospital management of emergencies, including diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycemic reactions I I NERVOUS SYSTEM Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System to include: Autonomic nerves I I Brain and spinal cord Peripheral nerves Nervous System Disorders, to include altered level of consciousness and other central nervous system (CNS) disorders I Coma Seizures I Stroke I I Syncope Other causes 20 I ~~f~lg1Ii~~~::'~i;~l:rj(~11:;j(': ":':":'. dud I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ACUTE ABDOMEN. GENITOURINARY, REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS, NONTRAUMA TIC ACUTE ABDOMEN Gastrointestinal bleeding and emergencies of the genitourinary and reproductive systems AN APHYLAXISI ALLERGIC REACTIONS TOXICOLOGY, ALCOHOLISM, AND DRUG ABUSE Toxicology and Poisoning Alcoholism and Drug Abuse INFECTIOUS DISEASES Communicable diseases - understanding of communicable diseases to include transmission and special precautions ENVIRONMENTAL INJURIES Environmental Emergencies: Atmospheric pressure related emergencies to include: - compressed air diving injuries and illnesses - mountain sickness and other high altitude syndromes Lightning and other electrical injuries Poisonous and nonpoisonous bites and stings The atmospheric and thermal environment and the physiology of temperature regulation - cold exposure - heat exposure Thennal injuries and illnesses Skills Protocols: Application of constricting bands Snake bite kit PEDIATRIC Special considerations in relationship to illness and injury to include: Approach to parents Approach to pediatric patients 21 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Growth and development Pediatric Emergencies: Cardiopulmonary arrest, to include ACLS protocols Child abuse/neglect, including preservation of evidence Medical emergencies to include: - altered level of consciousness, including coma - common communicable diseases(childhood illnesses) - meningitis - seizures Near drowning Poisoning Respiratory distress - allergic reactions/anaphylaxis - asthma/bronchitis - epiglottitis - foreign body aspiration - pneumonia - tracheobronchitis( croup) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome(SIDS) Trauma, including shock Skills Protocols: Airway adjuncts utilized for neonates, infants, and children Child resuscitation Cooling measures Infant resuscitation Intravenous techniques utilized for neonates, infants. and children ,:;:\",:,-pij$1iriUq..\L;qYNEtiQt.ooiqAEi:NE.QNiTg:JttI~~!QJW~l!:!:i:::..,::i:::,:.j.:::,i:,::::j:j!::::;::!:,.!: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 22 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I NORMAL CHILDBIRTH - The states of labor and normal deliver. including assessment and management OBSTETRICAL EMERGENCIES Abnormal fetal presentation Abortion Abruptio Placenta Breech Birth Failure to Progress Multiple Birth Placenta Previa Post Partum Hemorrhage Premature Birth Prolapsed Cord Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy Supine Hypotension Syndrome Toxemia of Pregnancy GYNECOLOGICAL EMERGENCIES Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Ruptured Ovarian Cyst Vaginal Bleeding THE NEONATE APGAR scoring Resuscitation Temperature regulation Skills Protocols: Assisting with Breech delivery Assisting with Normal deliveries, to include care of the newborn Management of the prolapsed cord Neonatal resuscitation ;;.'~II~~lj!illr~:~j::;':;~~~~~:;i"":::"I:::::.::":",:1 23 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I . . ... ..... ............. .. . ... . ....~:p*~.PRdj~~<.. ..... ..," ............. ,','....'.'................ ......,........... PREHOSPITAL CARE OF PATIENTS EXPERIENCING BEHAVIORAL EMERGENCIES Behavioral Respo0se8 to illness, injury. death, and dying by: Bystanders EMT-Ps Family Friends Other responders Patients Bebavioral Emergencies: .!~:;1.;!i::i!:i~ii~ii:!!ir~.!:~llt~I\~'~i!~II~lii~~:!I Emotional crisis Substance abuse Victims of assault, to include sexual assault Use of community resources Skills Protocols: Application of restraints Management of difficult patient situations ASSAULT VICTIMS GERIATRIC PATIENTS DISABLED PATIENTS Actions, classification, indications, contraindications, dosages, how supplied, interactions, side effects, complications, and preferred routes of administration of the following drugs: li~I~.!~~i'I,:~!:::;i:.ii.II.I~1.1~:li~~[lrl~:::;i::::\.;:.~!iii:i!i;;;;:.:!;:;:::; ~. 25 % and 50 % Dextrose Activated Charcoal Aerosolized or Nebulized bet-2 specific Bronchodilators Atropine Sulfate Bretylium Tosylate Calcium Chloride 24 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Diazepam Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Dopamine Hydrochloride Epinephrine Furosemide Heparin (for use in heparin locks only) Isoproterenol Lidocaine Hydrochloride Morphine Sulfate Naloxone Hydrochloride Nitroglycerin preparations Oxytocin Sodium Bicarbonate Syrup of Ipecac Terbutaline Sulfate 25 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 Article 3. Program Requirements for EMT-P Training programs 100147. Approved Training programs. (a) The purpose of an EMT-P training program shall be to prepare individuals to render prehospital advanced life support within an organized EMS system. (b) EMT-P training shall be offered only by approved training programs. Eligibility for program approval shall be limited to the following institutions: (1) Accredited universities and colleges, including junior and community colleges and private post-secondary schools. (2) Medical training units of a branch of the Armed Forces or Coast Guard of the United States. (3) Licensed general acute care hospitals which meet the following criteria: (A) Hold a special permit to operate a basic or comprehensive emergency medical service pursuant to the provisions of Division 5; (8) provide continuing education to other health care professionals; and (C) are accredited by the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. (4) Agencies of government. NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 1797.107, 1797.172 and 1797.173, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 1797.172, 1797.173, 1797.208 and 1797.213, Health and Safety Code. 16 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1. 1992 100148. Teaching staff. (a) Each program shall have an approved program medical director who shall be a physician currently licensed in the State of california, who has two (2) years experience in prehospital care in the last five (5) years, and who is qualified by education or experience in methods of instruction. Duties of the program medical director shall include, but not be limited to: (1) Approval of all course content. (2) Approval of content of all written and skills examinations administered by the training program, except the state skills examination, (3) Approval of provision far hospital clinical and field internship experiences. (4) Approval of principal instructor(s) qualifications, (b) Each program shall have an approved course director who shall be a physician Or registered nurse or EMT-P who has a baccalaureate degree. These individuals shall be currently licensed or certified in the State of California. Individuals who hold a baccalaureate degree in a related health field or in education may also be a COUrse director. The course director shall have a minimum of one year experience in an administrative or management level position and have a minimum of three (3) years experience in prehospital care within the last five (5) years. Duties of the cOUrse director shall include, but not be limited to: (1) Administration of the training program. 17 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 (2) In coordination with the program medical director, approve the principal instructor, teaching assistants, field and hospital clinical preceptors, clinical and internship assignments, and coordinate the development of curriculum. (3) Ensure training program compliance with this Chapter and other related laws. (4) sign all course completion records. (c) Each program shall have a principal instructor(s), who may also be the program medical director or course director if the qualifications in subsections (a) and (b) are met, who shall: (1) Be a physician, registered nurse, physician assistant, or EMT-P, currently licensed or certified in the State of California. (2) Have two (2) years experience in prehospital care within the last five (5) years. (3) Have six (6) years experience in an allied health field or related technology and an associate degree or, two (2) years experience in an allied health field or related technology and a baccalaureate degree. (4) Be responsible for areas inClUding, but not limited to, curriculum development, course coordination, and instruction. (d) Each training program may have a teaching assistant(s) who shall be an individual(s) qualified by training and experience to assist with teaching of the course. A teaChing assistant shall be supervised by a principal instructor, the course director and/or the program medical director. 18 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 (e) Each program shall have a field preceptor(s) who shall: (1) Be a physician, registered nurse, or physician assistant, or EMT-P currently licensed or certified in the State of California; and (2) Have two (2) years field experience in prehospital care within the last five (5) years. (3) Be under the supervision of a principal instructor, the course director and/or the program medical director. (f) Each program shall have a hospital clinical preceptor(s) who shall: (1) Be a physician, registered nurse or physician assistant currently licensed in the State of California. (2) Have two (2) years experience in emergency care within the last five (5) years. (3) Be under the supervision of a principal instructor, the course director, and/or the program medical director. NOTE: Authority cited: sections 1797.107 and 1797.172, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 1797.172 and 1797.208, Health and Safety Code. 100149. Didactic and Skills Laboratory. An approved EMT-P training program shall assure that no more than six (6) students are assigned to one (1) instructor/teaching assistant during skills practice/laboratory. 19 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Appro ved: No vember 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 NOTE: Authority cited: 1797.107, 1797,172 and 1797.173 Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 1797.172, 1797.173 and 1797.208, Health and Safety Code. 100150. Hospital Clinical Education and Training for EMT-P. (a) An approved EMT-P training program shall provide for and monitor a supervised clinical experience at a hospital(s) that is licensed as a general acute care hospital and holds a permit to operate a basic or comprehensive emergency medical service. The clinical setting may be expanded to include areas commensurate with the skills experience needed. Such settings may include surgicenters, clinics, jails or any other areas deemed necessary by the local EMS agency., The maximum number of hours in the expanded clinical setting shall not exceed forty (40) hours of the total clinical hours specified in section 100158(a) (2). (b) Training programs in nonhospital institutions shall enter into a written agreement(s) with a licensed general acute care hospital(s) that holds a permit to operate a basic or comprehensive emergency medical service for the purpose of providing this supervised clinical experience. (c) EMT-P clinical training hospital(s) shall provide clinical experience, supervised by a clinical preceptor(s). The clinical preceptor may assign the student to another health professional for selected clinical experience. No more than two (2) students shall be assigned to one (1) preceptor or health professional during the supervised hospital clinical experience at anyone 20 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 time. Clinical experience shall be monitored by the training program staff and shall include direct patient care responsibilities, which may include the administration of additional medications that are designed to result in the competencies specified in this Chapter. Clinical assignments shall include, but are not limited to: emergency, cardiac, surgical, obstetric, and pediatric patients. NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 1797,107, 1797.172 and 1797.173, Health and Safety Code. Reference: sections 1797.172, 1797.173 and 1797.208, Health and Safety Code. 100151. Field Internship. (a) An approved EMT-P training program shall enter into a written agreement with an EMT-P service provider(s) to provide for field internship, as well as for a field preceptor(s) to directly supervise, instruct, and evaluate the students. If the EMT-P service provider is located outside the jurisdiction of the EMT-P Approving Authority, then the EMT-P training program shall notify the local EMS agency where the EMT-P service provider is located. (b) No more than one EMT-P student shall be assigned to a response vehicle at anyone time during the field internship. NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 1797.107, 1797.172 and 1797.173, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 1797.172, 1797.173 and 1797.208, Health and safety Code. 21 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 100152. Procedure for Program Approval. (a) Eligible training institutions shall submit a written request for program approval to the EMT-P Approving Authority. (b) The EMT-P Approving Authority shall receive and review the following prior to program approval: (1) A statement verifying that the course content is equivalent to the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Emergency Medical Technician-Paramedic National Standard Curriculum HS 900 089, (2) A course outline if different from the outline specified in Section 100159 of this Chapter. (3) Performance objectives for each skill. (4) The name and qualifications of the training program course director, program medical director, and principal instructors. (5) provisions for supervised hospital clinical training including student evaluation criteria and standardized forms for evaluating EMT-P students; and monitoring of preceptors by the training program. (6) Provisions for supervised field internShip including student evaluation criteria and standardized forms for evaluating EMT-P students; and monitoring of preceptors by the training program. (7) The location at which the courses are to be offered and their proposed dates. (c) The EMT-P Approving Authority shall review the following prior to program approval: (1) Samples of written and skills examinations administered by the training program for periOdic testing. 22 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I GAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 (2) A final written examination administered by the training program. (3) Evidence that the program provides adequate facilities, equipment, examination security, and student record keeping. (d) The EMT-P Approving Authority shall make available to the state EMS Authority, upon request, any or all materials submitted pursuant to this section by an approved EMT-P training program in order to allow the state EMS Authority to make the determination required by section 1797.173 of the Health and Safety Code. NOTE: Authority cited: sections 1797.107 and 1797.172, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 1797.172, 1797.173 and 1797.208, Health and Safety Code. 100153. program Approval. (a) Program approval or disapproval shall be made in writing by the EMT-P Approving Authority to the requesting training program after receipt of all required documentation. This time period shall not exceed three (3) months. (b) The EMT-P Approving Authority shall establish the effective date of program approval in writing upon the satisfactory documentation of compliance with all program requirements. (e) Program approval shall be for two (2) years following the effective date of approval and may be renewed every two (2) years SUbject to the procedure for program approval specified in this Chapter. 23 I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January " 1992 NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 1797.107 and 1797.172, Health and Safety Code, Reference: Sections 1797,172, 1797.173 and 1797.208, Health and Safety Code. 1001S~. Application of Requlations to Existing Training programs. All EMT-P training programs in operation prior to the January 1, 1992 revisions to these regulations shall submit evidence of compliance with this Chapter to the EMT-P Approving Authority for the county in which they are located within six (6) months after the effective date of the revised regulations. NOTE: Authority cited: sections 1797.107 and 1797.172, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Section 1797.172, Health and Safety Code. 100155. program Review and Reporting. (a) All program materials specified in this Chapter shall be subject to periodic review by the EMT-P Approving Authority and may also be reviewed by the EMS Authority. (b) All programs shall be subject to periodic on-site evaluation by the EMT-P Approving Authority and may also be evaluated by the EMS Authority. (c) Any person or agency conducting a training program shall notify the EMT-P Approving Authority in writing, in advance when possible, and in all cases within thirty (30) days of.any change in course content, hours of instruction, course director, program 24 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 medical director, principal instructor, provisions for hospital clinical experience, or field internship, NOTE: Authority cited: sections 1797,107 and 1797.172, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 1797,172 and 1797.208, Health and Safety Code. 100156. withdrawal of Program Approval. Noncompliance with any criterion required for program approval, use of any unqualified teaching personnel, or noncompliance with any other applicable provision of this Chapter may result in suspension or revocation of program approval by the EMT-P Approving Authority. An approved EMT-P training program shall have no more than sixty (60) days from date of written notice to comply with this Chapter. NOTE: Authority cited: sections 1797.107 and 1797.172, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 1797.172, 1797.208 and 1798.202, Health and Safety Code. 100157. Student Eligibility. (a) To be eligible to enter an EMT-P training program an individual shall meet the following requirements: (1) Possess a high school diploma or general education equivalent; and (2) possess a current basic cardiac life support card according to the standards of the American Heart Association or American 25 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January " 1992 Red Cross or have possessed a valid card within the past twelve (12) months; and (3) possess a current EMT-I A certificate or have possessed a valid EMT-I A certificate within the past twelve (12) months; or (4) possess a current EMT-II certificate in the State of California or have possessed a valid EMT-II certificate within the past twelve (12) months. (b) EMT-P training programs that include the twenty-four (24) hour ambulance module and required testing as specified in Chapter 2 of this Division, within their training program, may allow an individual to enter their training program who: (1) Possesses a current EMT-I NA certificate in the state of California or has possessed a valid EMT-I NA certificate in the State of California within the past twelve (12) months; and (2) meets the requirements of subsections (a) (1) and (a)(2) of this Section. (c) EMT-P training programs that include the EMT-I A course content as specified in Chapter 2 of this Division, within their training program and required testing, may exempt applicants from provision (a) (3) of this Section. (d) EMT-P training programs that include a bas'ic cardiac life support course according to the standards of the American Heart Association or American Red Cross, within their program and required testing, may exempt applicants from provision (a) (2) of this Section. 26 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 1797.107 and 1797.172, Health and Safety Code. Reference: sections 1797.172 and 1797.208, Health and Safety Code. 100158. Required Course Hours. (a) The total training program shall consist of not less than 1032 hours. These training hours shall be divided into: (1) A minimum of 320 hours of didactic instruction and skills laboratories; (2) The hospital clinical training shall consist of no less than 160 hours and the field internship shall consist of no less than 480 hours. (b) The student shall have a minimum of forty (40) ALS patient contacts during the field internship. An ALS patient contact shall be defined as the student performance of one or more ALS skills, except cardiac monitoring and basic CPR, on a patient. (c) The minimum hours shall not include the following: (1) Course material designed to teach or test exclusively EMT-I knowledge or skills including CPR. (2) Examination for student eligibility. (3) The teaChing of any material not prescribed in section 100159 of this Chapter. (4) Examination for EMT-P certification. (d) The required course hours may be reduced by the ~ocal EMS agency upon the request of the training institution for individuals who have submitted proof of previously completed 27 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January " 1992 hours of equivalent training and passed by preestablished standards developed and/or approved by the EMT-P Certifying Authority pursuant to Section 100146 of this Chapter, a written and skills examination for the area in which the reduction in training hours is requested. NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 1797.107 and 1797.172, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Section 1797.172, Health and Safety Code. 100159. Required Course Content. The content of an EMT-P course shall include adequate instruction to result in the EMT-P student being competent in the following topics and skills listed below: (a) Division 1: Prehospital Environment. (1) section 1: Roles and Responsibilities. (2) Section 2: Emergency Medical services systems. (A) Emergency medical services systems components. 1. Recognition and access. 2. Initiation of the emergency medical services response. 3. Management of the scene. a. Medical control. b. Scene control. c. When to call for backup. 4. Transportation of emergency personnel, equipment, and the patient. a, California Highway Patrol equipment mandate (requirements). 28 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 b. Determination of destination. 5. overview of hospital categorization and designation. a. Base hospital. b, critical care centers (e.g. Trauma Centers, Pediatric Centers) . c. Emergency facility -- comprehensive, basic, standby. d. Receiving hospital. 6. Communications overview. a. Radio. b. Telemetry. c. Telephone. 7. Recordkeeping and evaluation including data collection. s, Multicasualty incidents and disasters. 9. Role and responsibility of the state and local EMS system management. (3) section 3: Medical/Legal Considerations. (A) Laws governing the EMT-P. 1, Abandonment. 2. Child abuse, elder abuse, and other laws that require reporting. 3. Consent -- implied and informed. 4. Good Samaritan Laws. 5. Legal detention (Welfare and Institutions Code, section 5150 and 5170). 6. Local policies and procedures, to include pronouncing/determining death. 29 I I I I I I I I I I I I I, I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 7. Medical control. 8. Medical practice acts affecting the EMT-Ps. 9. Negligence. 10. Overview of EMT-I, EMT-II, and EMT-P in California. 11. Special procedures utilized for victims of suspected criminal acts, including preservation of evidence. 12. The health professional at the scene. 13. Written medical records. (B) Overview of issues concerning the health professional. 1. Death and dying. 2. Malpractice protection. 3. Medical ethics and patient confidentiality. 4. Safeguards against communicable diseases. (4) Section 4: Emergency Medical Services Communications. (A) Emergency medical services communication system. 1. Radio communication. 2. System components. 3. Telephone communication. (B) Communication regulations and procedures. 1. Communication policies and procedures. 2. Radio troubleshooting. 3 . Radio use. 4. Role of Federal Communications commission (FCC). (C) Skills Protocols. 1. Radio mechanics (operational skill). (5) Section 5: Extrication and Rescue. 30 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 (A) Extrication and rescue, (6) section 6: Major Incident Response. (A) Multicasualty disaster management, including Incident Command System. 1. Local policies and protocols. 2, Medical management 3. Triage, including START. (B) Hazardous materials. Principles of hazardous materials management, to include tear gas and radiation exposure and precautions. (7) section 7: Stress Management. (b) Division 2: Preparatory Knowledge and Skills. (1) Section 1: Medical TerminOlogy. Medical terminology, including anatomical terms. (2) Section 2: General Patient Assessment and Initial Management. (A) Human systems. Basics of anatomy and physiology to include: 1. Body cavities. 2. Cardiovascular (circulatory) system. 3. Digestive system. 4. Endocrine system. 5. Genitourinary system. 6. Homeostasis. 7. Integumentary system. 8. Muscular system. 31 I I I I I I. I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 9. Nervous system. 10. Respiratory system. 11. Skeletal system. 12, Surface anatomy, 13. The cell -- basic structure and function. 14. Tissues. (B) Patient assessment. 1. Pertinent patient history. 2. Physical examination. 3. Prioritization of assessment and management. 4. Scene assessment. (C) Reporting format for presenting patient information. (D) Skills Protocols. 1. Diagnostic signs. 2. Patient assessment. 3, Reporting patient information. (3) Section 3: Airway and Ventilation. (A) Airway management. Assessment and prehospital management of the patient in respiratory distress emphasizing techniques listed under Skills Protocols. (B) Skills Protocols. 1. Basic airway adjuncts. a. Bag/valve systems. b. Demand valves. c. Nasopharyngeal airways. 32 I I I I I I I I I i I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 d. oropharyngeal airways. e. oxygen administration devices, f. suctioning and portable suction equipment. 2. Chest auscultation. 3. Direct laryngoscopy and use of Magill forceps for removal of foreign body. 4. Endotracheal intubation (ET), to include drug administration and suctioning, and intubation of the chronic stoma. 5. Esophageal airway, including esophageal gastric tube airway (EGTA) . (4) section 4: Pathophysiology of Shock. (A) Fluids and electrolytes. 1, Acid-base balance. 2. Blood and its composition. 3, Body fluids and distribution. 4. Electrolytes. 5. Intravenous solutions. 6, osmosis and diffusion. (B) Assessment and management. Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, associated complications, and the prehospital management of shock to include: 1. cardiogenic shock. 2. Distributive shock. 3. Hypovolemic shock. 4. Obstructive shock. 33 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 (C) Skills Protocols. 1. IV techniques: a. Peripheral IV insertion, to include sterile techniques and preparation of equipment (IV tubing, bottle, and bag) . b. Withdrawal of blood samples by venipuncture. 2. Pneumatic antishock trousers, to include indications, contraindications, associated complications, and application/deflation procedure. (5) section 5: General Pharmacology. (A) Introduction to pharmacology. 1. Classifications. 2. Factors which affect action, onset of action and duration. 3. General drug actions. 4. Home medications. 5. Routes of administration. 6. Terminology. (B) Drug dosages. 1. Computing dosages. 2. Weights and measures, including review of the metric system. (C) Autonomic nerves. 1. Parasympathetic. 2. Sympathetic, to include alpha/beta. (D) Specific drugs. Actions, classification, indications, contraindications, dosages, how supplied, interactions, side effects, complications, and 34 I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I, I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January " 1992 preferred routes of administration of the drugs specified in section 100144(b) (12) and (b)(13). (E) Drug preparation and administration skills, 1. Addition of drugs to IV bottle, bag or volutrol and regulating rate of infusion. 2. Administration of drugs directly into a vein. 3. Administration of drugs through an endotracheal tube (as part of ET skill). 4, Administration of drugs through an IV tubing medication port. 5. Inhalation. 6. Intramuscular injections. 7 . oral. 8. Subcutaneous injections. 9. Sublingual (not for injection). 10. Sublingual injections. 11. Administration of drugs into pre-existing vascular access devices. (c) Division 3: Trauma. (1) section 1: Soft Tissue Injuries. (A) Anatomy and physiology. (8) Soft-tissue injuries. Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, mechanism of injury, associated complications, and the prehospital.management of soft tissue injuries to include: 1. Eye injuries, 35 I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 2. Head and neck injuries. 3. Wounds -- open and closed, (C) Skills Protocols. 1. Bandaging. 2. Control of external hemorrhage. 3. Eye irrigation. 4. Immobilizing and removal of impaled objects. 5. Pneumatic antishock trousers. (2) Section 2: Musculoskeletal Injuries. (A) Anatomy and physiology, (B) Musculoskeletal injuries. Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, mechanism of injury, associated complications, and the prehospital management of musculoskeletal injuries to include: 1. Fractures. 2. Dislocations. 3, Sprains and strains. (C) Skills Protocols. 1. Pneumatic antishock trousers. 2, Rigid splint. 3. Sling and swathe. 4. Traction splint. (3) Section 3: Chest Trauma. (A) Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, mechanism of injury, associated complications, and the prehospital management of chest trauma to include: 36 I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I QAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 1. Hemothorax. 2. Impaled objects. 3. Myocardial and great vessel trauma. 4. Pneumothorax and tension pneumothorax. 5. Rib fractures and flail chest. (B) Skills Protocols. (4) Section 4: Abdominal Trauma. Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, mechanism of injury, associated complications, and the prehospital management of abdominal trauma, to include pelvic and genitourinary trauma. (5) Section 5: Head and Spinal Cord Trauma. (A) Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, mechanism of injury, associated complications, and the prehospital management of head and spinal cord trauma. (B) Skills Protocols. 1. Cervical immobilization. 2. Helmet removal. 3. Spinal immobilization. (6) Section 6: MUltisystem Injuries, Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, associated complications, and the prehospital management of the multisystem injured patient. (7) section 7: Burns. (A) Anatomy and physiology. (B) Assessment and treatment. 37 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 (d) Division 4: Medical Emergencies. (1) Section 1: Respiratory system. (A) Anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system to include: 1. composition of gases in the environment. 2. Exchange of gases in the lung. 3. Regulation of respiration. 4. Respiration patterns. (B) Respiratory distress. Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, associated complications, and the prehospital management of respiratory distress, to include: 1. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2. Cerebral and brain stem dysfunction. ' 3. Dysfunction of spinal cord, nerves or respiratory muscles. 4. Hyperventilation syndrome. 5. Pneumonia. 6. pulmonary embolism. 7. spontaneous pneumothorax. 8. Upper airway obstruction. (C) Acute pulmonary edema. Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, associated complications, and the prehospital management of acute pulmonary edema -- cardiac and noncardiac. (0) Near drowning. pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, associated complications, and the prehospital management of near drowning. 38 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January " 1992 (E) Toxic inhalations. Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, associated complications, and the prehospital management of toxic inhalations. (2) section 2: cardiovascular System. (A) Anatomy and physiology. Anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system to include: 1. Cardiac conduction system. 2. Cardiac cycle. 3. Cardiac output and blood pressure. 4, Electromechanical system of the heart. S, Nervous control, (B) Introduction of electrocardiogram interpretation. 1. Components of the electrocardiogram record. 2. Electrophysiology. 3. Identifying normal sinus rhythm. (C) Dysrhythmia recognition, to include prehospital management for the following: 1. Artifact. 2, Artificial pacemaker rhythms. 3, Atrial fibrillation. 4. Atrial flutter. 5. Cardiac standstill (asystole). 6. Electromechanical dissociation. 7. First degree atrioventricular block. s, Idioventricular rhythm. 39 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 9. Junctional rhythm. 10. Premature atrial contractions. 11. Premature junctional contractions. 12. Premature ventricular contractions. 13. Second degree atrioventricular block. 14. Sinus arrhythmia. 15. Sinus bradycardia (with hypotension). 16. Sinus tachycardia. 17. supraventricular tachycardia. 18. Third degree atrioventricular block. 19. ventricular fibrillation. 20. ventricular tachycardia, (D) Cardiovascular disorders. Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, associated complications, and the prehospital management of cardiovascular disorders to include: 1. Aortic aneurysm. 2. Cardiogenic shock. 3. Congestive heart failure. 4. coronary artery disease, angina, and acute myocardial infarction. 5. Hypertensive emergencies. (E) Skills Protocols. 1. Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) meqacode mOQified for field situation. 2. Basic cardiac life support (BCLS). 40 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I :1 I I I GAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 3. Cardiac monitoring. 4, Defibrillation and synchronized cardioversion. 5. Dysrhythmia recognition of the rhythms listed in subsection (2) (C) , 6. Vagal maneuvers, specifically, valsalva maneuvers. (3) Section 3: Endocrine Emergencies. Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, associated complications, and the prehospital management of endocrine emergencies not included in other sections to include diabetic emergencies, including diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycemic reactions. (4) Section 4: Nervous System. (A) Anatomy and physiology of the nervous system to include: 1. Autonomic nerves. 2. Brain and spinal cord. 3. Peripheral nerves. (B) Nervous system disorders. Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, associated complications, and the prehospital management of nontraumatic altered level of consciousness and other central nervous system (CNS) disorders to include: 1. Coma. 2. Seizures. 3. stroke. 4. syncope. 5. other causes. 41 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 (5) section 5: Acute Abdomen, Genitourinary, and Reproductive Systems, Nontraumatic acute abdomen. Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, associated complications, and the prehospital management of the nontraurnatic acute abdomen, to include gastrointestinal bleeding and emergencies of the genitourinary and reproductive systems. (6) Section 6: Anaphylaxis. Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, associated complications, and the prehospital management of allergic reactions to anaphylaxis. (7) section 7: Toxicology, Alcoholism, and Drug Abuse. (A) Toxicology, and poisoning. (B) Alcoholism and drug abuse. (8) Section 8: Infectious Diseases. Communicable diseases. Understanding of communicable diseases to include transmission and special precautions. (9) section 9: Environmental Injuries. (A) Environmental emergencies. Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, associated complications, and the prehospital management of environmental emergencies to include: 1. Atmospheric pressure related emergencies to include: a. Compressed air diving injuries and illnesses. b_ Mountain sickness and other high altitude syndromes. 2. Lightning and other electrical injuries. 3. Poisonous and nonpoisonous bites and stings. 42 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I :1 I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January " 1992 4. The atmospheric and thermal environment and the physiology of temperature regulation. a. Cold exposure. b, Heat exposure. 5. Thermal injuries and illnesses. (B) Skills Protocols. 1. Application of constricting bands. 2. Snake bite kit. (10) Section 10: Pediatrics. (A) Special considerations in relationship to illness and injury to include: 1. Approach to parents. 2. Approach to pediatric patient. 3. Growth and development. (B) Pediatric emergencies. Specific patient assessment, and the prehospital management of emergencies especially related to the pediatric age group to include: 1. cardiopulmonary arrest, to include advanced cardiac life support protocols. 2. Child abuse/neglect, including preservation of evidence. 3. Medical emergencies to include: a. Altered level of consciousness, including coma. b. Common communicable diseases (childhood illnesses). c. Meningitis. d. Seizures. 43 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1; 1992 4. Near drowning, 5. poisoning. 6. Respiratory distress. a. Allergic reactions/anaphylaxis, b. Asthma/bronchitis. c. Epiglottitis. d. Foreign body aspiration. e. Pneumonia. f. Tracheobronchitis (croup). 7. Sudden infant death syndrome as mandated by Chapter 1111, statutes of 1989. 8. Trauma, including shock. (C) Skills Protocols. 1, Airway adjuncts utilized for neonates, infants, and children. 2. Child resuscitation. 3. cooling measures. 4, Infant resuscitation. 5. Intravenous techniques utilized for neonates, infants, and children. (e) Division 5: Obstetrical, Gynecological, Neonatal Emergencies. (1) Anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system. (2) Normal childbirth. The stages of labor and normal delivery, including assessment and management. (3) Obstetrical emergencies. 44 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January " 1992 Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, associated complications, and the prehospital management of obstetric emergencies to include: (A) Abnormal fetal presentation. (B) Abortion. (e) Abruptio placenta, (D) Breech birth. (E) Failure to progress, (F) Multiple birth. (G) Placenta previa. (H) Post partum hemorrhage. (I) Premature birth. (3) Prolapsed cord. (K) Ruptured ectopic pregnancy. (L) Supine hypotension syndrome. (M) Toxemia of pregnancy. (4) Gynecological emergencies. Pathophysiology, specific patient assessment, associated complications, and the prehospital management of gynecologic emergencies to include: (A) Pelvic inflammatory disease. (B) Ruptured ovarian cyst. (e) Vaginal bleeding. (5) The neonate. Specific patient assessment, and the prehospital management of the neonate to include: 45 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 7997 Effective: January 1, 7992 (A) APGAR scoring. (B) Resuscitation. (C) Temperature regulation. (6) skills Protocols. (A) Assisting with breech delivery. (B) Assisting with normal deliveries, to include care of the newborn. (C) Management of the prolapsed cord. (D) Neonatal resuscitation. (f) Division 6: Special Patient Problems. (1) section 1: prehospital Care of Patients Experiencing Behavioral Emergencies. (A) Behavioral responses. Behavioral responses to illness, injury, death, and dying by: l. Bystanders. 2. EMT-Ps, 3 . Family. 4. Friends. 5. Other responders. 6 . Patients. ( B) Behavioral emergencies. Specific patient assessment, associated complications, and the prehospital management of behavioral emergencies to include: 1. Emotional crisis. 2. Substance abuse. 3. Victims of assault, to include sexual assault. 46 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 (C) Use of community resources, (D) Skills Protocols. 1. Application of restraints. 2. Management of difficult patient situations. (2) Section 2: Assault victims. Special considerations for the victims of assault to include sexual assault. (3) Section 3: Geriatric Patients. special considerations for the geriatric patient. (4) Section 4: Disabled Patients. Special considerations for the disabled patient. NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 1797.107 and 1797.172, Health and Safety Code. Reference: sections 1797.172, 1797.173, 1797.185 and 1797.213, Health and Safety Code. 100160. Required Testing. (a) An approved EMT-P program shall include periodic examinations and final comprehensive competency-based examinations to test the knowledge and skills specified in this Chapter. (b) Successful passage of the state skills examination approved by the EMS Authority shall be required prior to course completion or certification. (c) Successful performance in the clinical and field. setting shall be required prior to course completion or certification. 47 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 NOTE: Authority cited: sections 1797.107, 1797.172 and 1797,185, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 1797.172, 1797.185, 1797,208, 1797.210 and 1797.213, Health and Safety Code. 100161. Course Completion Record. (a) An approved EMT-P training program shall issue a course completion record to each person who has successfully completed the EMT-P training program. (b) The course completion record shall contain the following: (1) The name of the individual. (2) The date of completion. (3) The following statement: "The individual named on this record has successfully completed an approved EMT-P training program." (4) The name of the EMT-P Approving Authority. (5) The signature of the course director. (6) The name and location of the training program issuing the record. (7) The following statement in bold print: "This is not an EMT-P certificate." (8) A list of optional procedures approved pursuant to subsection (b) (14) of Section 100144, included in the course. (e) The name and address of each person receiving a course completion record and the date on which the record was issued shall be reported in writing to the EMT-P Certifying Authority 48 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I GAL Approved: November 1991 Effective: January 1, 1992 for the county in which the training was given within thirty (JO) days of course completion. NOTE: Authority cited: sections 1797.107 and 1797.172, Health and Safety code. Reference: section 1797,172, Health and Safety Code. 49