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HomeMy WebLinkAbout4.03 PublicFacFeePgrm .,;..';':'\~;JfJt-.::.,:.~7 ''"",:. ;..:~:~ :','~. ~::\I ;.':.!;J.'-~...'\"li!r::/:~'.>iTt.'~'.:;_\-i~<;~~~~.~~ '.' .~' .,. :. ~:""';.Il~~ ;.:<;; '. ~:j,1i:., .m:~~"~''!!''~'ii:lt:~~(:t;,,'.II.:\.~M',) ~~/.~_''.oi-~~.: ''''",ii....:jI;:n:.;,;./'t.: ., '. . ''! ".:l~...~...-J;o-":.-' ~ ,.,' .!..'. '''(~;'~,'~_.I!.N'_.-_., . '""~'fl<.." .~,~ ."'~ .. ,. , e . CITY OF DUBLIN AGENDA STATEMENT CITY COUNCIL MEETING DATE: January 9, 1995 SUBJECT Agreement with Recht Hausrath & Associates to prepare a Public Facilities Fee Program Prepared by: Diane Lowart, Parks & Community Services Director ~Lr 1) 2) A J:J/ 1) / I(VY' 2) Agreement Budget Change Form E:KHIBITS~ AT'rmcmFlD RECOMMEll'iUl\T!tQ)l Authorize Mayor to execute Agreement Authorize an additional appropriation of $10,500 to be repaid from development fees FINANCIAL STATE:MENT Consultant's fee is not to exceed $10,500 and will be added to and recovered through the levy of the Public Facilities Impact Fee on future development DESCRIPmON The Eastern Dublin Specific Plan 1993. The Plan includes financing goals including a development in the Specific Plan area should pay the infrastructure needed to serve the area. was adopted in goal that new full cost of At the December 12, 1994 meeting of the Dublin City Council, the Council adopted a Public Facilities Impact Fee Ordinance. The purpose of the ordinance is to establish a Public Facilities Fee to pay for municipally owned public facilities (park improvements, community facilities, a library and buildout of the Civic Center). The ordinance is an "implementing ordinance" which establishes a mechanism for imposing a fee. Prior to imposing a fee (which requires a public hearing and adoption of a resolution setting the fees), it is necessary to undertake a study to establish a Public Facilities Fee Program for the City of Dublin. Staff recommends that. the City contract with Recht Hausrath and Associates to develop the Program. Recht Hausrath & Associates is a finn of urban economists with extensive experience applying the tools of economic, real estate, and fiscal analysis to a variety of local and regional planning p~ojects; and development impact assessments and financing programs. It shoulli be noted that Recht Hausrath & Associates was retained by the City in November of 1994 to develop a preliminary public facilities fee to be used in developing the conditions of approval for the Homart project. Consequently, much of the preliminary background work for the proposed ~oject fias been accomplished. ~tached is the City's Standard Consultant Services Agreement which includes a detailed scope of work, a proposed schedule for completion of the work". ami a fee proposal. It is estimated that the work can be complete~ wi.l.tthim three to four months at a cost not to exceed $10,500. It is the reu:.<mmn..matat.:iion of Staff that the City Council authorize the Mayor t.o~ execu ttm the.'c ~ren.m/'sa t . ::::-::~-~~~-------------~~~~~;-;~~--~~~~~-~~~~;~~~-~:~~;~~i~~~:~RK FILE~ --"<t .. e e AGREEMENT BETWEEN CITY OF DUBLIN AND RECHT HAUSRA TH & ASSOCIATES FOR PREPARATION OF A PUBLIC FACILITIES FEE PROGRAM THIS AGREEMENT is made at Dublin, California, as of January 10, 1995 by and between the CITY OF DUBLIN, a municipal corporation ("City"), and Recht Hausrath & Associates ("Contractor"), who agree as follows: 1. SERVICES. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, Contractor shall provide to City the services described in Exhibit A. Contractor shall provide said services at the time, place and in the manner specified in Exhibit A. 2. PAYMENT. City shall pay Contractor for services rendered pursuant to this Agreement at the time and in the manner set forth in Exhibit B. i The payments specified in Exhibit B shall be the only payments to be made to Contractor for services rendered pursuant to this Agreement. Contractor shall submit all billings for said services to City in the manner specified in Exhibit B; or, if no manner be specified in Exhibit B, then according to the usual and customary procedures and practices which Contractor uses for billing clients similar to City. 3. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT. Except as set forth in Exhibit C, Contractor shall, at its sole cost and expense, furnish all facilities and equipment which may be required for furnishing services pursuant to this Agreement. City shall furnish to Contractor only the facilities and equipment listed in Exhibit C according to the terms and conditions set forth in Exhibit C. 4. GENERAL PROVISIONS. The general provisions set forth in Exhibit D are part of this Agreement. In the event of any inconsistency between said general provisions and any other terms or conditions of this Agreement, the other term or condition shall control insofar as it is inconsistent with the general provisions. 5. EXHIBITS. All exhibits referred to herein are attached hereto and are by this reference incorporated herein. 6. CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION. This Agreement shall be administered by the City Manager ("Administrator"). All correspondence shall be directed to or through the Administrator or his designee. 7. NOTICES. Any written notice to Contractor shall be sent to: Mr. Robert D. Spencer Recht Hausrath & Associates 1212 Broadway Oakland, CA 94612 Agreement Page 1 of2 e Any written notice to City shall be sent to: Mr. Richard C. Ambrose, City Manager City of Dublin 100 Civic Plaza P.O. Box 2340 Dublin, CA 94568 Executed as of the day first above stated: Attest: City Clerk Approved as to form: City Attorney Agreement Page 2 of2 e CITY OF DUBLIN, a municipal corporation By "City" RECHT HAUSRATH & ASSOCIATES By "Contractor" e e EXHIBIT A SCOPE OF SERVICES 1. Complete Technical Analysis The fee documentation would be based on our preliminary study summarized in my memorandum to you dated November 11, 1994 (copy attached). We completed substantial portions of the analysis necessary to calculate the fees and prepare the documentation in that preliminary study. However, several outstanding issues remain. To complete the analysis we would work with city staff, and outside counsel as necessary, to resolve the following issues: . Existing levels of development should be updated to January 1, 1995 so that the documentation is based on the most current data available. This task will require the assistance of city planning staff. The preliminary study used January 1, 1994 to determine existing levels of development. . Projected vacancy rates need to be integrated into the population and employment buildout assumptions. . Assumptions regarding the cost of land need further scrutiny. We will examine the existing and proposed zoning, based on the Eastern Dublin Specific Plan, for the planned location of each new public facility. We will also contact land appraisers and real estate brokers, in addition to those contacted for the preliminary study, for more cost information. . We will review the building cost assumptions from the preliminary study with city staff, though we do not expect any significant changes. We will need additional detail on the use of Civic Center fee revenues. . The allocation of facility costs to non-residential land uses also needs further scrutiny because of the lack of data specific to Dublin. In addition to follow up conversations with city staff, we will survey other local jurisdictions in the area for relevant data. Once these issues have been resolved we will recalculate the fees and summarize results in a short memorandum for your review and comments. We do not expect any other significant technical or policy issues to require resolution other than those listed above. Exhibit A Page 1 of3 e e 2. Prepare Documentation We will prepare documentation for a public facilities fee program for the City based on the results of the technical analysis. The report will be written to fulfill three purposes. The report will serve: . To communicate in simple language to a public audience the purposes of and basis for the fee program; . As documentation to fulfill the requirements of Government Code Sections 66000 et seq. by demonstrating a reasonable relationship between new development, the public facilities needed to accommodate it, and the amount of the fees; and . As a guide to city staff for monitoring and updating the program. The fee as calculated will include an amount for the purchase of land for park and recreational purposes, which will be in addition to the fees collected pursuant to Chapter 9.28 of the Dublin Municipal Code ("Quimby Act fees"). The fee will also include an amount for the improvement of land purchased for park and recreational purposes, whether that land is purchased using proceeds of the Quimby Act fees or of the present fee. The report will separately identify which portion of these fees are for each of these three purposes (i.,e. (1) purchase of land for park and recreational purposes, (2) improvement of land purchased with proceeds of these fees, and (3) improvement of land purchased with proceeds of the Quimby Act fees). We will submit a draft of the report to city staff for review and comment prior to finishing the final draft. 3. Prepare Administrative Guidelines In the past our clients have found it useful for us to prepare administrative guidelines to assist city staff in implementing the program. These guidelines address issues such as the imposition of fees on mixed use development projects, the use of fee credits, and the relationship between the fee's land use categories and the City's zoning designations. The administrative guidelines will also address financial, accounting, and compliance issues such as integration with the City's capital improvement program, lending among fee accounts, and annual findings required by state statute. To complete this task we will meet with city staff responsible for implementing the program and draft guidelines for their review. Based on comments on this draft we will provide a final set of guidelines. 4. Attend Public Meetings This scope assumes that we will attend two public workshops, meetings, or hearings in connection with adoption of the fee program. Of course this number can be adjusted depending on the City's needs. Exhibit A Page 2 of3 e e Schedule We are prepared to begin work on this study immediately. We would expect to complete the draft fee report within two months following notice to proceed. We would complete the draft administrative guidelines within four weeks following delivery of the draft report. Completion of the final report and administrative guidelines will depend on the schedule of review and extent of comments by city staff. .... '.." ,,,-/I,;'.' d.'" t-~.'", ",'" . ,.."u.";,^" "/11'-",","'.1)". " Exhibit A Page 3 of3 e e RECHT HAUSRATH &ASSOCIATES October 26, 1994 Rt:CI:IVED (~:\)ll - r f991t Diane Lowart City of Dublin 100 Civic Plaza Dublin, California 94568 Dear Diane: This letter serves to confirm the engagement between Recht Hausrath & Associates (RHA) and the City of Dublin to prepare a study for a preliminary public facilities fee. The scope of this study is based on our October 6 meeting and subsequent telephone conversations with you. Study Appt'oach and Scope of Set'vices The purpose of this study is to prepare a citywide, preliminary public facilities fee to fund certain types of public facilities. The fee will be based on a nexus between new development and the need for new public facilities to accommodate that development. Key elements of our approach to this study include: . New development will be the difference between 1994 levels of development and buildout of the existing ci ty, including the East Dublin General Plan Amendment area, and excluding the Western Extended Planning Area. We will expect city staff to provide information regarding 1994 and buildout levels of development by land use. . The additional public facilities needed to accommodate new development will be based on existing master plans to the extent available, including the Parks and Recreation Master Plan and the East Dublin Specific Area Plan. Any additional facility needs identified by cily slaff will be incorporated into the sludy as well. · The types of public facilities included in the study are: neighborhood parks, community parks, community facilities (e.g. community, senior, and aquatic centers), libraries, and the civic center. . We will develop assumptions for allocating facility demand between residential and non-residential land uses based on similar studies we have conducted for other cities. The results of the study will be presented in a brief memorandum. That memorandum will include a table showing the preliminary fees by unit of development (per dwelling unit or per thousand building square feet) for each land lIse (probably two residential and three non- URBAN ECONOMISTS 1212 BROADWAY . OAKLAND. CA 94612 . (510) 839-8383 . FAX (510) 839.8415 "Ms. Diane Lowart October 26, 1994 e e Page 2 , .' residential land uses). The memorandum will also summarize key assumptions and policy impl icatiolls. We wi II attend one meeting to discuss the memorandum and with ci ty staff. Staffing, Budget, and Schedule I am a senior economist with RHA and will complete the majority of the scope of services under this engagement. Dick Recht, a founding partner of Rl-IA, will ensure the quality of all study deliverables and provide oversight as needed. We will complete the scope presented above for a not to exceed cost of $3,500, including all expcnscs and overhead. The cost is based on hourly billing rutes for Mr. Spencer and Mr. Recht at $80 and $120, respectively. We expect to complete the study memorandum within two weeks from the time we receive the necessary demographic and public facility planning data from city staff. If the City agrees to this engagement as presented in this letter, please sign below and. return the original to me. You may keep a copy for your files, of course. Please call me if you have any questions or comments. Yours VelY, Truly, 4',:,' t f" .......~_~.,f .... /01)0' ~-:...-;~~ RO~~E!..E';,. S pen cer Agreed To: . On (date):. 1/ /ttf/91- ~/ --,,' ~ BC~/~;~-N. .~, . For the City of DublIn MaYO~' ~ A'ITEST: ~ cJL- it Clerk e e EXHIBIT B PAYMENT SCHEDULE 1. City shall pay Contractor an amount not to exceed the total sum of Ten Thousand Five Hundred and NoI100 Dollars ($10,500.00) for services to be performed pursuant to this Agreement. Direct expenses will be billed at cost. Labor will be billed at cost based on the following rate schedule: RHA Staff Hourly Rate 1. Richard Recht Robert D. Spencer Sam Junkins $125 $ 85 $ 65 2. Contractor shall submit invoices, not more often than once per month, based upon the work completed as identified in EXHIBIT A "Scope of Work". 3. City shall retain I 0% of all billings, until the City has determined that the scope of work pursuant to this Agreement have been satisfactorily performed. 4. The total sums stated above shall be the total which City shall pay for the services to be rendered by Contractor pursuant to this Agreement. City shall not pay any additional sum for any expense or cost whatsoever incurred by Contractor in rendering services pursuant to this Agreement. 5. City shall make no payment for any extra, further or additional service pursuant to this Agreement unless such extra service and the price therefor is agreed to in a written Change Order executed by the City Manager, or other designated official of the City authorized to obligate City thereto. Said Change Order shall be executed prior to the time such extra service is rendered and in no event shall such change order exceed twenty-five (25%) of the initial Contract price stated in Section 1 above. In the event the event the Change Order exceeds this limitation, City Council approval shall be required. 6. The services to be provided under this Agreement may be terminated without cause at any point in time in the sole and exclusive discretion of City. In this event, City shall compensate the Contractor for all outstanding costs incurred as of the date of written notice thereof and shall terminate this Agreement. Contractor shall maintain adequate logs and time sheets in order to verify costs incurred to date. 7. The Contractor is not authorized to perform any services or incur any costs whatsoever under the terms of this Agreement until receipt of a fully executed copy of this Agreement. Exhibit B Page 1 of I e e EXHIBIT C City shall furnish physical facilities such as desks, filing cabinets, and conference space, as may be reasonably necessary for Contractor's use while consulting with City employees and reviewing records and the information in possession of City. The location, quantity, and time of furnishing said physical facilities shall be in the sole discretion of City. In no event shall City be obligated to furnish any facility which may involve incurring any direct expense, including, but not limiting the generality of this exclusion, long-distance telephone or other communication charges, vehicles, and reproduction facilities. Exhibit C Page 1 of 1 e e EXHIBIT D GENERAL PROVISIONS 1. INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR. At all times during the term of this Agreement, Contractor shall be an independent contractor and shall not be an employee of City. City shall have the right to control Contractor only insofar as the results of Contractor's services rendered pursuant to this Agreement; however, City shall not have the right to control the means by which Contractor accomplishes services rendered pursuant to this Agreement. 2. LICENSES: PERMITS; ETC. Contractor represents and warrants to City that he has all licenses, permits, qualifications and approvals of whatsoever nature which are legally required for Contractor to practice his profession. Contractor represents and warrants to City that Contractor shall, at his sole cost and expense, keep in effect at all times during the term of this Agreement any licenses, permits, and approvals which are legally required for Contractor to practice his profession. 3. TIME. Contractor shall devote such time to the performance of services pursuant to this Agreement as may be reasonably necessary for satisfactory performance of Contractor's obligations pursuant to this Agreement. 4. INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS. Contractor shall procure and maintain for the duration of the contract insurance against claims for injuries to persons or damages to property which may arise from or in connection with the performance of the work hereunder by the Contractor, his agents, representatives, employees or subcontractors. The cost of such insurance shall be included in the Contractor's bid. (a) Minimum Scope ofInsurance. Coverage shall be at least as broad as: 1. Insurance Services Office form number GL 0002 (Ed. 1/73) covering comprehensive General Liability and Insurance Services Office form number GL 0404 covering Broad Form Comprehensive General Liability; or Insurance Services Office Commercial General Liability coverage ("occurrence" form CG 0001). 2. Insurance Services Office form number CA 0001 (Ed. 1/78) covering Automobile Liability, code 1 "any auto" and endorsement CA 0025. 3. Workers' Compensation insurance as required by the Labor Code of the State of California and Employers Liability Insurance. (b) Minimum Limits of Insurance. Contractor shall maintain limits no less than: 1. General Liability: $1,000,000 combined single limit per occurrence for bodily injury, personal injury and property damage. If commercial General Liability Insurance or other form with a general aggregate limit is used, either the general aggregate limit shall apply separately to this project/location or the general aggregate limit shall be twice the required occurrence limit. 2. Automobile Liability: $1,000,000 combined single limit per accident for bodily injury and property damage. 3. Workers' Compensation and Employers Liability: Workers' compensation limits as required by the Labor Code of the State of California and Employers Liability limits of $1,000,000 per accident. Exhibit D Page 1 of 4 e e (c) Deductibles and Self-Insured Retentions. Any deductibles or self-insured retentions must be declared to and approved by the City. At the option of the City, either the insurer shall reduce or eliminate such deductibles or self-insured retentions as respects the City, its officers, officials and employees; or the Contractor shall procure a bond guaranteeing payment of losses and related investigations, claim administration and defense expenses. (d) Other Insurance Provisions. The policies are to contain, or be endorsed to contain, the following provisions: 1. General Liability and Automobile Liability Coverages. a. The City, its officers, officials, employees and volunteers are to be covered as insured as respects: liability arising out of activities performed by or on behalf of the Contractor; products and completed operations of the Contractor, premises owned, occupied or used by the Contractor, or automobiles owned, leased, hired or borrowed by the Contractor. The coverage shall contain no special limitations the scope of the protection afforded to the City, its officers, officials, employees and volunteers. b. The Contractor's insurance coverage shall be primary insurance as respects the City, its officers, officials, employees and volunteers. Any insurance or self-insurance maintained by the City, its officers, officials, employees or volunteers shall be excess ofthe Contractor's insurance and shall not contribute with it. c. Any failure to comply with reporting provisions of the policies shall not affect coverage provided to the City, its officers, officials, employees or volunteers. d. The Contractor's insurance shall apply separately to each insured against whom claim is made or suit is brought, except with respect to the limits of the insurer's liability. 2. Worker's Compensation and Employees Liability Coverage, The insurer shall agree to waive all rights of subrogation against the City, its officers, officials, employees and volunteers for losses arising from work performed by the Contractor for the City. 3. Professional Liability. Contractor shall carry professional liability insurance in an amount deemed by the City to adequately protect the Contractor against liability caused by negligent acts, errors or omissions on the part of the Contractor in the course of performance of the services specified in this Agreement. 4. All Coverages. Each insurance policy required by this clause shall be endorsed to state that coverage shall not be suspended, voided, canceled by either party, reduced in coverage or in limits except after thirty (30) days' prior written notice by certified mail, return receipt requested, has been given to the City. (e) Acceptability of Insurers. Insurance is to be placed with insurers with a Bests' rating of no less than A:VII. (f) Verification of Coverage. Contractor shall furnish City with certificates of insurance and with original endorsements effecting coverage required by this clause. The certificates and endorsements for each insurance policy are to be signed by a person authorized by that insurer to bind coverage on its behalf. The certificates and endorsements are to be received and approved by the City before work commences. The City reserves the right to require complete, certified copies of all required insurance policies, at any time, Exhibit D Page 2 of 4 e e (g) Subcontractors. Contractor shall include all subcontractors as insured under its policies or shall furnish separate certificates and endorsements for each subcontractor. All coverages for subcontractors shall be subject to all of the requirements stated herein. (h) The Risk Manager of City may approve a variation in those insurance requirements upon a determination that the coverages, scope, limits and forms of such insurance are either not commercially available or that the City's interests are otherwise fully protected. 5. CONTRACTOR NO AGENT. Except as City may specify in writing, Contractor shall have no authority, express or implied, to act on behalf of City in any capacity whatsoever as an agent. Contractor shall have no authority, express or implied, pursuant to this Agreement to bind City to any obligation whatsoever. 6. ASSIGNMENT PROHIBITED. No party to this Agreement may assign any right or obligation pursuant to this Agreement. Any attempted or purported assignment of any right or obligation pursuant to this Agreement shall be void and of no effect. 7. PERSONNEL. Contractor shall assign only competent personnel to perform services pursuant to this Agreement. In the event that City, in its sole discretion, at any time during the term of this Agreement, desires the removal of any such persons, Contractor shall, immediately upon receiving notice from City of such desire of City, cause the removal of such person or persons. 8. STANDARD OF PERFORMANCE. Contractor shall perform all services required pursuant to this Agreement in the manner and according to the standards observed by a competent practitioner of the profession in which Contractor is engaged in the geographical area in which Contractor practices his profession. All instruments of service of whatsoever nature which Contractor delivers to City pursuant to this Agreement shall be prepared in a substantial, first class and workmanlike manner and conform to the standards of quality normally observed by a person practicing in Contractor's profession. 9. HOLD HARMLESS AND RESPONSIBILITY OF CONTRACTORS. Contractor shall take all responsibility for the work, shall bear all losses and damages directly or indirectly resulting to him, to any subcontractor, to the City, to City officers and employees, or to parties designated by the City, on account of the performance or character of the work, unforeseen difficulties, accidents, occurrences or other causes predicated on active or passive negligence of the Contractor or of any subcontractor. Contractor shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless the City, its officers, officials, directors, employees and agents from and against any or all loss, liability, expense, claim, costs (including costs of defense), suits, and damages of every kind, nature and description directly or indirectly arising from the performance of the work. This paragraph shall not be construed to exempt the City, its employees and officers from its own fraud, willful injury or violation of law whether willful or negligent. For purposes of Section 2782 of the Civil Code the parties hereto recognize and agree that this agreement is not a construction contract. By execution of this agreement Contractor acknowledges and agrees that he has read and understands the provisions hereof and that this paragraph is a material element of consideration. Approval of the insurance contracts does not relieve the Contractor or subcontractors from liability under this paragraph. Exhibit D Page 3 of 4 e e 1 O. GOVERNMENTAL REGULA nONS. To the extent that this Agreement may be funded by fiscal assistance from another governmental entity, Contractor shall comply with all applicable rules and regulations to which City is bound by the terms of such fiscal assistance program. 11. DOCUMENTS. All reports, data, maps, models, charts, studies, surveys, photographs, memoranda or other written documents or materials prepared by Contractor pursuant to this Agreement shall become the property of the City upon completion of the work to be performed hereunder or upon termination of the Agreement. Exhibit D Page 4 of 4 . . e . CITY Of DUBLDf BUOOET CHANGE FORM AS PRESENTED TO THE CITY COUNCIL JANUARY 9, 1995 CHAIlGE FOR.'l ...lL- .' \XXXI new appropriation~ budget transfer ~ budget change L-l increase budget account I~CAPITAL PROJECT FUND-PUBLIC laccount II 11 300-9450 - 740 - 000 I~ 'account II 12 I~ 'account II 13 I~ 'account II 14 I~ laccount II 15 I~ \account II 16 I~ lacconnt II 17 I~ \account II 18 FACILITY IMPACT FEE STUDY CONTRACT SERVICES :I; 1 n, ')00 on decrease budget account ~ acconnt II 1 $ ~ account n 2 $ ~ account II :3 :t ~ account jl 4 :t ~ account II 5 :S ~ acc:ount II 6 :I; ~ account jj 7 :I; ~ ar:r:ount jl 8 :S ~- $ :I; :I; :I; $ :I; :I; REASONS, JUSTIFICATION, AND ITE.'lIZED COSTS: AS PART OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EASTERN DUBLIN SPECIFIC PLAN IT IS NECESSARY TO ESTABLISH A PUBLIC FACILITIES IMPACT FEE. THIS BUDGET CHANGE WILL APPROPRIATE THE FUNDS NECESSARY TO HAVE A CONSULTANT DEVELOP A FACILITY FEE. IT IS ANTICIPATED THAT THE COST OF THIS STUDY WILL EVENTUALLY BE PAiD FOR BY FEES COLLECTED. THEREFORE. THE GENERAL FUND WILL MAKE AN INTERFUND LOAN TO THE CAPITAL PROJECT FUND TO COVER THE COST OF THE STUDY. THE AUTHORIZATION OF THE BUDGET APPROPRIATION SHALL ALSO INCLUDE THIS ADVANCE BY THE GENERAL FUND, WHICH IS ANTICIPATED TO BE REPAID IN THE FUTURE. CITl IWI1IGER \ \ date 1 \ 9 \ q') date signature CITY COmlClL signature GUY S. HOUSTON, MAYOR Ex H .LB:.L T ~