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Home My WebLink AboutItem 8.2 CivicGreenBuildingOrd CITY CLERK File # ~-~ .~ ~)I'~-~ AGENDA STATEMENT CITY COUNCIL MEETING DATE: February '17, 2004 SUBJECT: Civic Green Building Ordinance Report Prepared By: Joni Pattillo, Assistant City Manager ATTACHMENTS: 1) LEED: Good for Business, Good for the Environment 2) LEEDTM Rating System 3) State Study: Costs & Benefits of Green Building, Executive Summary 4) Seattle Project Cost Graph 5) Wall Street Journal: Green-Building Benefits Outstrip Extra Costs 6) Comparison of Green Building Ordinances in the Bay Area 7) Proposed City of Dublin Green Building Ordinance RECOMMENDATION:/1) Provide comments and direction to Staff regarding the proposed Green Building Ordinance with specific direction regarding the desired level of LEEDTM certification. 2) Direct Staff to make the appropriate modifications to the Ordinance, if any, and present the Ordinance for its firgt reading at the next Council Meeting. FINANCIAL STATEMENT: It is possible that this Ordinance will result in increased cqsts for certain capital improvement projects. The precise costs are unknown and will partially depend on the desired level of certification selected by the City Council. It is estimated that City projects requiring LEEDm silver certification under the proposed Ordinance could experience cost increases of up to 2% of the total project cost and an additional $20,000 to $40,000 for the LEEDTM application process. Another potential outcome might be a need to adjust Development Fees associated with Public Facilities to accommodate the estimated increase of 2%. However, green buildings typically result in significant life cycle savings, often exceeding the initial investment by as much as ten times. DESCRIPTION: As part of its 2003-2004 Goals and Objectives, the City Council directed Staff to prepare a green bmld~ng I. ordinance. This report provides a description and analysis of green building as well as a comprehensive account of the development and key components of the City's proposed green building Ordinance. i COPIES TO: ITEM NO. ~ I-I/cc-forms/agdastmt. doc GREEN BUILDING DESCRIPTION: Green building is a whole systems approach to the design, construction and operation of buildings -~from the early stages of development (e.g. recycling C&D debris) through the final finishes of the buildin¢ (e.g. using sustainable products). Conventional design and construction methods can produce buildings that negatively impact the environment as well as the health and productivity of the building occupants. These buildings can be expensive to operate and contribute to excessive resource and energy consumption, waste generation, and pollution. By contrast, green building provides a means for mitigating the undesirable environmental impacts of conventional building methods. This is accomplished by employing building materials and methods that promote natural resource conservation, energy efficiency and good indoor air quality. Although sustainability is a global issue, building plans are approved and constructed locally, and it is at this level that cities may have the greatest impact. The adoption of the proposed Green Building Ordinance will formalize the City of Dublin's green building practices and define a process for design, construction and operation of certain city buildings. In addition, adoption of the Ordinance will further demonstrate the City's commitment to environmental, economic, and social stewardship, yielding cost savings to the City taxpayers through reduced operating costs for City facilities, providing healthier work environments for employees, and contributing to increased conservation of natural resources. U.S. Green Building Council and LEEDTM The United States Green Building Council (USGBC) is a national nonprofit organization that was formed in 1993. Its growing membership includes representation from organizations across the building industry, including architecture and engineering firms, builders, manufacturers, government agencies, real estate developers, universities, and others. USGBC develops industry standards, design practices and green building education. It is the developer and administrator of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEEDTM) Green Building Rating System. A description of the LEEDTM rating system is included in the article LEED: Good for Business, Good for the Environment (Attachment 1). The complete LEEDTM rating system is also included as Attachment 2. LEEDTM was developed to define "green building" by providing a standard for measurement. The LEEDTM Rating System defines "green building" as a building that is designed to minimize environmental impacts in the following ways: 1. Sustainable Sites i.e. building with access to mass transit and reducing stormwater mn-off 2. Water Efficiency - i.e. water efficient landscaping 3. Energy and Atmosphere - i.e. reducing energy consumption in the buildings 4. Materials and Resources - i.e. designing for the storage and collection ofrecyclables and construction and demolition waste management 5. Indoor Environmental Quality- i.e. reducing the quantity of indoor air contaminants, such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), and increasing daylighting in the buildings LEEDTM uses existing, proven tectmologies to guide commercial, public and institutional buildings. It is now the most widely used green building rating system nationally. Many jurisdictions including Alameda County, Berkeley, Pleasanton, San Jose, San Francisco, San Mateo County, Santa Monica, Portland, and Seattle have developed their green building programs using LEEDTM as a standard or guide. Several projects in Alameda County, including: the Alameda County Hall of Justice and the Alameda County Juvenile Detention Center, Pleasanton Fire Station, Berkeley Fire Station, and two Universit~r of California Student Housing projects, are being designed using LEEDTM as a standard. LEEDTM is performance-based, with four levels of certification (Certified, Silver, Gold and Platinum). Certific~ tion is solely performed by USGBC. COSTS AND BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING: Fiscal Impact The State of California recently released the most comprehensive analysis of the financial costs and~ benefits of green building titled The Costs and Benefits of Green Building (October 2003) (Attachment 3). The study reported that the average additional cost for substantial green building design was slightly, less than 2% (of the building's total design and construction cost), which translates to approximately $3-5/sf. This conclusion was made after a survey of 33 LEEDTM buildings. The majority of the additional cost is attributed to the increased architectural and engineering design time necessary to integrate sustainable building methods into projects. The earlier green building gets incorporated into the design process~ the lower the cost. Addressing each of these factors can minimize additional capital costs: · Identify projects to be LEEDTM certified at the establishment of the project budget Include LEEDTM requirements in RFQs and RFPs · Use LEEDTM early in the design process · Train project managers in LEEDTM management skills. It is important to point out that the cost of green buildings will vary significantly depending on the si >ecific project goals. While there are many significant benefits that can be included in a project at no additional cost (orientation, low VOC paints, recycled content carpet, etc.), some features will cost more. Estimates for additional initial costs are as low as 0 to 2%. A'LEEDTM Study conducted for the City of Portland indicated that green building impact on the budget is small - from 2.2% extra cost to 0.3% savings. The City of Seattle found that after a 3-year implementation period, the incremental cost for meeting LEEDTM Silver dropped from 6% to 0.1% for small projects and from 4% to none for large projects' (Attachment 4). While building to LEEDTM standards may result in additional funding for initial design and construction, LEEDTM buildings are more economical than conventional buildings (i.e.: non green) over their lifetime. Energy and water efficient buildings can reduce operating costs significantly. Use can be cut to less than half of a conventional building. Additionally, healthy indoor environments can increase employee ~ productivity and reduce absenteeism. The State report found that the 20-year Net Present Value of the life-cycle savings in energy, emissions, water, waste, and commissioning for a LEEDTM Certified or Silver Building averaged $15.98/sf, while the 20-year Net Present Value for improved productivity and health is $36.89/sf. The report concluded that a minimal upfront investment of about 2% of construction costs typically ~ields life cycle savings of over ten times the initial investment. A recent article in the Wall Street Journal supports the report's findings (Attachment 5). Other Costs/Benefits In addition to potential project cost increases, other important green building considerations include the possibility of limited product availability and material selection and longer project completion schedules. The product market for green building materials, including recycled content products, while still somewhat limited, has improved dramatically over the past several years. It is anticipated that the market will continue to mature as more organizations adopt green building policies, resulting in even greater choices for green building products. It is also important to note that LEEDTM is fleXible and allo ~vs for many options regarding which green building elements to incorporate in a given project. LEEDTM is based on a point system, so if it becomes apparent that a specific product is unavailable, points could be ~amed by "greening" other areas of the project. True green building takes a holistic approach to a building and requires involvement from site planning and conceptual design through construction. If a project ~s ~dentffied as a green braiding from the start, ~t is more likely that the project would be completed in the same amount of time as a conventional Project. However, project delays can be more likely and more significant if the project is changed midway t,l?rough design for example. Project components such as site orientation, daylighting, Heating, Ventilations and Air Conditioning (HVAC), windows etc. are integral components to designing an efficient building. If one of these elements is changed, it could create the need for a major redesign because of how the components are interrelated. Green building will require more discussion and goal setting at budget development stage of the project in order minimize changes after the conceptual design has been approved. While not as easily measurable as the life cycle savings, other green building benefits sho¢ld be considered including environmental (conserving of energy, water and other natural resources; improving air and water quality and a reducing of solid waste) and community benefits (minimiZing strain on local infrastructure, strengthening established goals related to increase density, mixed use and transit-oriented development, improving stormwater and erosion control, increasing bicycle and pedestrian access and contributing to community health, vitality and aesthetics). ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND PROCESS: , The following section provides a brief history of the city's efforts related to green building includin~ the steps leading to the development of the proposed green building Ordinance. Construction and Demolition Ordinance I On February 15, 2000, the Dublin City Council adopted a Construction and Demolition Ordlnan,Ce, the first of its kind in Alameda County, which was based on a model developed by the Alameda County Waste Management Authority (ACWMA). The purpose of the Ordinance is to require maximum feasible recycling at new construction sites, and salvage and deconstruction for remodeling and demolition projects. The City's Ordinance has been used as a model for other jurisdictions throughout the State and is ~one of the few that includes a performance security requirement. The Ordinance has been extremely successful and has had a dramatic impact on the City's diversion rate. In 1999, the City had a diversion rate o~f33%. Thanks in large part to the success of the Ordinance; the City's diversion rate for 2001 was 50%. Fire Stations 17 and 18 Construction Grant Award for Utilizing Green Building Practices The City of Dublin Was awarded $100,000 by the' ACWMA that was equally divided for the constrtlction of the two fire statiOns to incorporate green building materials and practices. Senior Housing Grant Award The City of Dublin and Eden Housing, the developer of the City of Dublin's Affordable Senior HouSing project, were selected through a competitive process to participate in the Multi-Family Affordable Housing Green Building Design Assistance Program from ACWMA. A $5,000 grant was awarded to help subsidize Eden Housing's participation in the development of Multi-Family Green Building Guidelines. City of Dublin's Housing Element Included in the City's State-approved Housing Element of the General Plan is a policy on the promoiion of energy efficiency in new projects. The elements that support this policy are: , - " Continue to implement the City's Construction and Demolition Recycling Ordinancel - Continue to provide on-site training for City Building and Planning Staff on Green Building techniques. - Continue to review proposed developments for solar access, site design techniques, and use of landscaping that can increase energy efficiency and reduce lifetime energy costs Without significantly increasing housing productions costs. - Provide access to information on energy conservation and financial incentives (tax icredit, utility rebates, etc.) through public information to be provided at the City's public c6unter, on the City's Web site, at public libraries and community centers. Training and Educational Opportunities The City, in cooperation with the ACWMA, has coordinated several green building workshops to educate Staff and developers on Green Building practices. The workshops have included a recent Tri-yalley Builders workshop on Green Building Initiatives and a Th-Valley Building Inspectors Workshop on inspecting Green Points. Additionally, several Staff members have attended the LEEDTM training program. Green Building Work Group The process of developing a green building ordinance began with the formation of a green building work group comprised of Staff members from Community Development, Public Works, Parks and Community Services, and the City Manager's Office as well as Staff and consultants from the ACWMA. The group began by reviewing several green building ordinances from Bay area jurisdictions including the City of Pleasanton and Alameda County and the ACWMA Civic Green Building Model Ordinance. A matrix comparing the various ordinances is included as Attachment 6. PROPOSED CIVIC GREEN BUILDING ORDINANCE: Staff has developed an Ordinance (Attachment 7) that defines and sets thresholds for incorporating ~reen building practices in civic projects. The key elements of Dublin's proposed Civic Green Building Ordinance are as follows: · The Ordinance only covers city sponsored projects, defined as any new construction or renovation I . primarily funded or sponsored by the City, conducted on City-owned property, or managed by City personnel from design through construction. C~ty ProJect or ProJect shall also mclulde any Buildings constructed for the City's use under a build-to-suit program or project. / · All City building projects with the estimated cost of construction of $3,000,000 or greater in value shall be designed to meet a designated minimum LEED'tM rating as specified in the Ordinance, or a City-approved equivalent. Staffhas included three options for the Council to consider: · LEEDTM "Certified" · LEED~r~ "Silver" · LEEDTM "Certified", and strive for LEEDa'u "Silver" · All projects following the LEEDm rating system shall be registered and certified by the U.S. Green Building Council. · Traditional public works and parks projects or projects with the .estimated cost of construction of $3,000,000 or less shall not be required to achieve a'LEEDa'~ rating. · Within twelve (12) months of the effective date of this ordinance, the Green Building Compliance Official shall submit proposed Operational Guidelines to the City Council containing specifications necessary or appropriate to achieve compliance with the Green Building Practices stated in this Chapter. DISCUSSION OF KEY ELEMENTS An explanation of the work group's discussions and decisions related to the key components of the Ordinance is provided below. Building types. The work group quickly realized that there were two separate elements of a green building program: civic buildings and private development. The work group concluded that it should first focus on developing an ordinance that would apply to civic buildings such as upcoming Emerald Glen Park Recreation Center. Once completed, the City could investigate options for private development. One of the most compelling reasons for developing an ordinance limited to civic buildings, was the idea that the City should "lead by example." If the City is ever to require developers to incorporate green building practices in their developments, the work group felt that it was important that the City first impose a similar, if not more aggressive requirement on itself. Additionally, the ACWMA Model Ordinance was developed for civic buildings and it was agreed that the model Ordinance would be used as a starting point for developing the City's Ordinance. The ACWMA also has a design assistance and grant program in place to assist member agencies in implementing green building practices and incorporating sustainable products into public facilities. LEED XM Certification Rating The proposed Ordinance is based on LEEDTM because Staff believes the nationally recognized LEED~'M rating system to be the most comprehensive rating system available and it is the standard used by other jurisdictions in the Bay Area. The proposed Ordinance includes three options for the Council to consider regarding the level of LEEDTM certification that will be required for City projects. LEEDTM is a design rating system with 69 possible points. For classification as a LEEDTM btiilding, buildings must satisfy seven prerequisites and a minimum number of points for the desired level of certification. Four levels of green building certification are awarded based on the total number credits earned in each of six categories: Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy and Atmosphere, Materials and Resources, Indoor Environmental Quality and Innovation and Design Process. To achieve a "Certified" rating, projects must meet all of the prerequisites and earn a minimum of 26 points, with a minimum of 33 required for "Silver", 39 for "gold" and 52 for "platinum". The comparison of ordinances matrix indicates the requirements for various jurisdictions.1 Most jurisdictions require either a certified or silver rating. Staff believes that a certified rating cohld be achieved with a few modifications to existing procedures such as hiring an architect that is LEEDTM certified. Several of the City's recent projects, while not measured or certified using the LEEDTM standard, would most likely have come close to achieving a certified rating, i I · In order to achieve a silver rating, more effort would need to be devoted to the project during the design phase and more green building elements would need to be included. Many of the points in the rating system can be earned at little or no cost. However the more points that are required, the more likely that the green building components associated with the those incremental points will add to the cost of the project. It is impossible to predict the exact fiscal impact of achieving a certain LEEDT~a rating, however studies cited previously ih the Staff report indicate that a silver rating could be achieved with less than a 2% cost increase. The proposed Ordinance includes three LEEDTM certification options for the Council to consider: Certified; Silver; or minimum certified and strive for silver. Staff requests direction from the Council regarding the desired level of certification required for City projects. Threshold The LEEDTM rating system was developed and is intended for large new construction and major renovation projects. With this understanding, Staff completed a thorough analysis of the City's Capital Improvement Program in order to determine the minimum threshold that should be met in order to. ~require LEEDTM certification. Staff wanted to establish a threshold that would capture all of the major City projects that would be appropriate to require a LEEDTM certification. The analysis revealed that a threshold of $3 million would accomplish this goal. The proposed Ordinance states that all City projects with the estimated cost of construction of $3 million or greater in value shall be designed to meet a designated minimum LEEDTM rating. The current projects that would require LEEDTM certification under the proposed Ordinance include the following: · Emerald Glen Park Aquatic Center · Emerald Glen Park Recreation Center · Emerald Glen Park Community Center · Community Theater There are many City projects with an estimated construction cost of less than $3 million, however none would be appropriate for LEEDTM certification due to the nature and size of the projects. Additionally, there are many park and street projects that are over $3 million but would not require LEEDTM certification under the proposed Ordinance because they do not fit in the Ordinance's definition of construction and would not be appropriate for LEEDTM. Operational Green Building Practice Guidelines All City projects not required to achieve LEEDTM certification, whether due to the value threshold Or the nature of the project will be required to incorporate Green Building Practices in the project. Upon adoption of the Ordinance, Staff will work to develop an Operational Green Building Practice Guld,ehnes that will specify appropriate green building practices for all City projects that do not qualify for LEEDTM certification. Additionally, The Operational Green Building Practice Guidelines will include important implementation assistance for Staff regarding items such as the development of criteria to escalate or lower the $3 million dollar threshold, appropriate language for projects specifications and request for qualifications, arid how the Green Building Compliance Official will administer and monitor compliance with the Ordinance. The Ordinance requires the Guidelines to be developed within twelve months of adoption of the Ordinance. NEXT STEPS Once the work related to civic projects is completed, the recommended next steps if the Council desires to have the Green Building Program to be expanded to included private development it should identify this an item for consideration during the upcoming Goals and Objectives Process. RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends that the City Council review the proposed Ordinance and attached documents and provide comments to Staff with specific directions regarding the desired level of LEEDTM certification. It is recommended that the Council then direct Staff to make the appropriate modifications to the Ordinance for presentation and first reading at the next City Council Meeting. ATTACHMENT 1 The better the design, the greater the benefits. The economic advantage of green design extends thropghout a building's operating life, but it begins with the design, approvals, and construc- tion process. Although marly developers assume green buildings cost more to build, green design can actually decrease construction costs, chiefly by saving infrastructure expenses and by using passive heating and cooling techniques reduce the capacity and cost of mechanical equipment. Green building design momentum can be traced back to the oil crisis of the 1970s' need for increased energy efficien- cy. At the same time, recycling in the United States became increasingly more- commonplace. In the 1980s, the emer- gence of the "sick building syndrome" Brengel Technology Center, fohnson Controls, Inc., Milwaukee, lgr~sconsin. increased concern for worker health and productivity. Concern for toxic material Reduce air pollution, water pollution, and and comprehensive green building pro- emissions also was addressed. Projects in solid waste creation. Buildings are major jects can result in lower or neutral water-scarce areas began developing contributors to global warming--about incremental project development costs. ways to conserve water, one-quarter of the increase in carbon Rehabilitating an existing bull,ding can dioxide in the atmosphere is due to the lower infrastructure and materi~s costs. Many early green designs focused on one building sector. Energy efficiency can Integrated design can use the payback issue at a time, mainly energy efficiency reduce this level of consumption by 50 from some strategies to pay fot others. or use of recyded materials. But during percent or more without sacrificing corn- Energy-efficient building envelopes can the 1980s and 1990s, green designers fort or services. Also, current construc- reduce their equipment needs-~-clown- began to realize the integratioh of all tion practices create 10 kg (22 lbs) of sizing some equipment such as chillers, these factors would produce the best solid waste per square foot--much of or eliminating equipment, such as green results resulting in a "high-perfor- this could be recycled, saving landfill perimeter heating. Using pervious mance" building. ' capacity and fees that range from about paving and other runoff prevention $15 to $55 per ton. strategies can reduce the size an~ cost of Environmental Benefits of storm water management stru~t~r~? BUilding .Green . Reduce depletion of finite resources.. ' Reduce destruction of natUral areas and Buildings consume 40 percent of raw Municipal economic advantage. ~0~[ habitats, and preserve biodiversity. Con- stone, gravel, and sand and 25 percent of land fill, water supply, a~i'=~e~meii~ structiori destroys or seriously impacts virgin wood. infrastructure, and operational ~ind · . development costs can forest, fields, wildlife corridors, wetlands, ~conomic Benefits of well as reduced and agricultural areas. This ~"/tV°id-- Building Green tion program costs. ed by building on an already dege!oped Economic benefits can be divided into mass transit site. In addition, urban sprawl, has "hard" and "soft" numbers. Let's look first for those g'ho bike become an important national 'issue, at the hard--or quantifiable~numbers, lower especially critical in, .areas, such~.~,,., as the den o Northeast and California. L6~ govern- Reduce operating costs. Energy and water .... ~:~ ments have adopted "smart growth" efficient buildings reduce operating costs approaches that include rehabfiiiatioh~'of by less than half those of a traditional existing buildings, 'infill.:~elopmer/~}'- building by employing aggressive and and brownfield'~levelopme~,'allbf:~hlCl~ well-integrated green design concepts. can reduce spi~awl. These' initiatives are': and output. recognized by LEED certificatiofi~ Reduce project costs. Well-integrated bined July 29 · LEED Certified Silver Level: · Reduce pollution and!_~.a~3J ~!~.¥~elop- to operate as intended. 33-38 points ment impacts from aUtomobile use. · Establish Me m~im.~m;o_~, l~e~re] of · LEED Cert~ed Gold Level: · Conserve e~sfing namrJ areas ~d e~r~i~for 39~51 points restore damaged areas to pro.de building ~d systems. · LEED Certified Plafin~ Level: habitat and promote bio~versiW. · Reduce ozone depletion. 52 or more po~ts · Limit disruption of naturM ~ter ~ ,t¢~.i~Y.¢~[~E~.~g.levels of aer~ flows by el~inating storm water, performance above ~e prer q~site LEED Credits by Category r~off, increasing on-site in~trafion, stand~d to reduce en~rom tent~ The LEED rating system ~ more ~ aod reduc~g cont~inants, impacts associated ~& ~cCssive just a score sheet for accruing credits. · Reduce heat isl~ds to mi~miz, e. ................ f. qer~ use. Together with the 100-page LEED impact on microcl~ate and hum~ .......... ..~.9~o.u~ge ~d reco~e ~reasmg Reference G~de, LEED is Mso an educa- ~d ~e habitat, levels of self-supply throug~~ tionM tool for learning how to build Eliminate light tf~sp~ ffom"~ ......... i~'~2bi~t~k~6ib~~s~6"auc~ ' green. Here are ~e individuM prerequi- bu~&g site, improve night s~ en~ronmentM impacts ~ fossil site credit descriptions for ea~ category: access, ~d reduce development ~el ener~ use. ~pact on noctumM en~ronmen~s: ...... ~ Veri~ and ensure ~e entire Sustainable Sites b~ng is designed, cbnstn tcted, · Con=ol erosion to reduce negative Water Efficiency ~d c~brated tO. operate as impacts on water and Mr quali~. · Limit or e~gt~.~5.~gf potable intended ~ ~rd:par~ q i~ · Avoid development of inappropriate water for l~dscape irrigation, control assurance. sites ~d reduce the en~ronmentM · Reduce generation of wastewater and · Reduce ozone depletion by impact from ~e location of a potable water demand, wh~e increas- ehmination of HCFCs and HMons, building on a site. lng ~e local aquifer recharge. ~d support early comphan~e · Ch~nel development to ~b~ · M~mize water efficien~ ~ the MontreM Protocol. ' areas ~ e~s~g inkas~ucture, bu~d~gs to reduce ~e b~den · Pro,de for ongoing acctu~tab~:' protecting greenfields, ~d preserv~g on m~icipM water supply and and optim~ation of b~g" habitat and nat~M resources, wastewater systems, ener~ and ~door en~ron~ent~ · Rehabilitate damaged sites where performance over time. development is'complicated by Energy and Atmosphere · Encourage ~e real or perceived environmentM Veri~ ~d ensure ~ndmentM use of contamination, reducing press~e bu~d~g elements and systems are ener~ tec~ologies on ~devgloped land ...... designed, ~st~led, ~ C~brated pollution bas~;:~ - ............. :" Materials and'Resource~~ · Facflitat~ held in Washington, D.C. (See sidebar LEED, the USGBC's mission has been to page 31). accelerate the implementation of green building policies, programs, technolo- The Origins of LEED gies, standards, and design practices. The The LEED green building rating system rating system, which includes standards was developed by the U.S. Green Building and a comprehensive resource guide, was Council, a balanced, consensus coalition developed with funding from the U.S. promoting the design, construction, and Department of Energy. operation of buildings that are environ- mentall7 responsible, profitable, and Unlike other rating systems, the develop- healthy places to live and work. Founded merit of LEED was instigated by the in 1993, USGBC's membership includes USGBC membership, representing all representation from all aspects of the segments of the industry, and has been building industry induding product man_ open to public scrutiny. As a voluntary ufacturers, environmental groups, build- rating system, LEED is designed to pro- ing owners, building and design profes- vide a framework to help move the sionals, utilities, city governments, the United States building industry to more federal government, research institutions, sustainable practices. It responds to this professional societies, and universities, country's aversion to regulation, as well as to the budgets of U.S. design practices. The USGBC began developing the LEED It defines a threshold for sustainable rating system in 1995 as it became more practices, and it introduces a tool to pro- dear that the U.S. market needed a mote and guide comprehensive and inte- definition of "green building." Other rat- grated building design. ing systems existed at that time, such as BEPAC (Europe) and BREEAM Overview of Green Design (Canada); they were reviewed before In the past, choices about building design work on LEED began, and materials have been made .care- lessly, ignoring the integration of design.. LEED is based on accepted energy and elements and capturing the combined environmental principle~ and relies action of integrated design. Green build- Yet, having the measures to determine upon both known ~ffective practices ings compet, e in b°ttom-line terms as sustainable design have not been widely and ~merging'~'~0h~e~iS! i'~" developing' well as in aeshheti~S. .. ~:~ ::.~.. ' nor readily accessible until now. A new comprehensive rating s~-stem is now available to give building project i'~'~ders the standards ahd res0urces'th~y ne'~d to" ::design and construct bi~ding~ hh~t:'a~''' 'as good economically as thay are ecolog- ' '"Sii,}" iCa~ly. The system is c'alled Leadership :in Energy and Environmental D~sign, oii' ...... ~EEDTMfor short. " ~. ....": LEED is a t0ol to help design teams dete~mii~ greeii' pro~e~t g'0~S'," strategies, measure ..,,:,~and monitor progress, and document ..... success in ne~ building '~oii~tfu~ti6~~. 54hose building~'' th~i~'" demon;irate ~' ~>plication '~f 'LEED ~'~ndards may achieve LEED certifica~iofi7~ ,:" '":"' ~a March 30, 2000, the fii~t LEED certi- ~ed bui~ihgs were' ~;dni~/!3'h~[' ~} USGBC F~deral ~6~3hment July 2000 - -... The better the design, the greater the benefits. The economic advantage of green design extends throughout a building's operating life, but it begins with the design, approvals, and construc- tion process. Although marly developers assume green buildings cost more to build, green design can actually decrease construction costs, chiefly by saving infrastructure expenses and by using passive heating and cooling techniques reduce the capacity and cost of mechanical equipment. Green building design momentum can be traced back to the oil crisis of the 1970s' need for increased energy efficien- ' cy. At the same time, recycling in the United States became increasingly more- commonplace. In the 1980s, the emer- gence of the "sick building syndrome" Brengel Technology Center, Johnson Controls, Irm, increased concern for worker health and productivity. Concern for toxic material Reduce air pollution, water pollution, and and comprehensive green building pro- emissions also was addressed. Projects in solid waste creation. Buildings are major jects can result in lower or neutral water-scarce areas began developing contributors to global warming--about incremental project development costs. ways to conserve water, one-quarter of the increase in carbon Rehabilitating an existing building can dioxide in the atmosphere is due to the lower xnfrastructure and materi~ls cos . Many early green designs focused on one building sector. Energy efficiency can Integrated design can use the payback issue at a time, mainly energy efficiency reduce this level of consumption by 50 from some strategies to pay f~r others. or use of recycled materials. But during percent or more without sacrificing com- Energy-efficient building envelopes can the 1980s and 1990s, green designers fort or services. Also, current construc- reduce their equipment needs--down- began to realize the integratioia of all tion practices create 10 kg (22 lbs) of sizing some equipment such at chillers, these factors would produce the best solid waste per square foot -much of or eliminating equipment, !such as green results resulting in a "high-peffor- this could be recycled, saving landfffi perimeter heating. Using pervious mance" building, capacity and fees that range from about paving and other runoff prevention $15 to $55 per ton. strategies can reduce the size and c~p~[o storm water management str~lur~ Environmental Benefits of ?' Building Green ' ~ Reduce depletion of finite resources.. . . ~.~ Reduce destruction of natural areas and Buildings consume 40 percent of raw Mumcipal econormc advantages. ,Lowe habitats, and preserve biodiversity. Con- stone, gravel, and sand and 25 percent of land fill, water supply, and infrastructure, and oper~tiohaf struction destroys or seriously impacts virgin wood. development costs can be achie+C~d, as forest, fields, wildlife corridors, wetlands, £conomi¢ Benefits of well as reduced environmental' pr6~ecz~ and agricultural areas. This &Ln~'~Void- Building Green tion program Costs. Bui~fimgs ~at.ar.¢'on ed by building on an already developed Economic benefits can be divided into mass trari~it .!~oti~es site. In addition, urban sprawl has "hard" and"soft" numbers. Let's look first for th0se~4~o bi~ t6"work become an important national 'issue, at the hard---or quantifiable numbers, lower transportation' development bur~ ...... especially critical in areas such as the den on roads and Northeast and California. L~J~al govern- Reduce operating costs. Energy and water ments have adopted "smart groWth'' efficient buildings reduce operating costs Enhance '~ approaches that ha~!ude reha~ilit.atio~i of by less than half those of a traditional existing buildings, infill..4~¢el0Pmea~; building by employing aggressive and andbrownfield"fl~Velopmefi~,all of~vhich ' well-integratedgreen design concepts, retail Sales, ' :,--~ can reduce ~pfawl. Tfieg¢ i:~fiafives ~are ...... and output. ;:!ii}. recognized by LEED certifidati0ii~' -.~ ' Reduce project costs. Well-integrated bined :~vith lower~ oi5. ~: ~.~ .~x -July 29 operating. Computerized equipment controls can often trouble shoot and recalibrate before equipment failure or poor performance occurs. Healthier outdoor environments. By reducing environmental pollutants, the need for landfills, and other environmen- tal degradation, green design results in healthier outdoor environments as well. How Does LEED Work? While providing the prescription for Ibuilding green, LEED is ultimately a certification process recognizing out- ~ standing sustainable design. LEED also promotes integrated construction and ~ encourages design teams to work from a a whoie-building perspective. Greater Pittsburgh Comrnuni~/ Food Bank, Duquesne, Pennsylvania. Easy 't~)' document and performance based, LEED is set up using a self- key competitive advantage and improve Health and Safety Benefits of as~sessing system with four leveis 'of real estate value. Green, high-perfor- Building Green c61t'ihcation LEED Certified, Silver mance buildings typically sell or lease The EPA has estimated that building- Level, Gold Level, and Platinum Level. faster, and retain and attract tenants bet- related illnesses account for $60 billigri'' The number of Points achieVed in the ter because they 'combine superior of annual productivity lost'nation: 'design of the building determines the amenity and comfort with lower occu- wide. Other studies have plaked the d01- level of certification pancycosts and more competitive terms~ lar amount much higl~er, as much as $400 billion. .... ' ' - :: Five different categories have be~n e~'tab- ~.., Soft numbers are subjective and the ' li'~hed. BUild}hg p;b~ects' potential benefits can be demonstrated Healthier and }a£er indoor'~vironments, fOr credits ~ each"categ;;~2 by well-documented case studies. Americans sp'~n~ an average <~f 80 to' 90 .... -. -five categories contain prereq~ii§k~d' percent ot their time indoors, so the . . . ',' -. -"-'?. - ....... ':' · ?'-' -: , .... items that must ' .: Improve productivity. Improved indoor qual~ ot the maoor enwronment ~s vet environments can increase employee importam fo~ ,13~alth,~0dUctiVi~y,"a~id 1' ~ ) ~ productivity by up to 16 percent. Since quality of lifel Highly'~puplici~d-pfbb-~ are by far the largest expense for lems, such as 'Le~l$nnaire s Dis~e'>tfiid companies,'this has':a tremendous sick building g~d~om~7'dhh b~':~,;0id~d overall costs, by green design.: Reduce absenteeism and maintain better People like workin · ';~!i:,'?' Occupant health. Employees in buildings with healthy interiors are absent less and that use their jobs longer, creature (op ~?Reduce liability. Ensuring healthy indoor' and "'~'air can reduce'the likelihood of lawsuits being are bYProd ,over sick building syndrome and similar problems. The EPA fa'ced a lawsuit from :~?employees ~bi{$ became ill kft~r new car- red[~ced. ~pet was'ihstalled during ~ renovation. Stre ;,The employees won the lawsuit worth approximately $1 milli°n. ~t:"~?;/50 TheConstru~tionSp~'di~2~'' July2000 ~.. - . · LEED Certified Silver Level: · Reduce pollution and land deYelop- to operate as intended.. ment imPacts from i~it6mobile use. · Establish the minimum level, of 33-38 points · LEED Certified Gold Level: · Conserve existing natural areas and energy efficienCY for the bass 39=51 points restore damaged areas to provide building and systems. · LEED Certified Platinum Level: habitat and promote biodiversity. · Reduce ozone depletion. 52 or more points · Limit'disruption of natilral water · Achieve increasing levels of ~nergy flows by eliminating storm water performance abow hhe.prerequisite LEED Credits by Category runoff, increasing on-site infiltration, standard to reduce environroental The LEED rating system is more than . .a~3~ reducing contaminan, tS .... impacts associated with exce~ssive just a score sheet for accruing credits. · Reduce heat islands to minimize .,e, nergy use. impact on micr0clim'ate an~i' h'~n~n~ ........... F~l~hcourage -a~nd recognize increasing Together with the lO0-page LEED .... Reference Guide, LEED is also an educa- and wildlife habitat, levels of self-supply throug ' tional tool for learning how to build 'Eiimi~ate light t'3~.spass ~romthe'- renewable teCHh016gies to riduce green. Here are the individual prerequi- building site, improve night sky environmental impacts with fossil site credit descriptions for each category: access, and reduce development fuel energy use. impact on nocturnal environments. · Verify and ensure the entire Sustainable Sites ' building is designed, C0nstr~cted, · Control erosion to reduce negative 1/~/ater Efficiency and calibrated tO operate as' impacts on water and air quality. · Limit or eliminate the use of potable intended wi~ ~.kd=party q~ality · Avoid development of inappropriate water for landscape irrigation, control assurance. sites and reduce the environmental · Reduce generation of wastewater and · Reduce ozone depletion by impact from the location of a potable water demand, while increas- elimination of HCFCs and ~alons, building on a site. ing the local' aquifer recharge, and support early complian~ce wiih · Channel development to urban · Maximize water efficienCY within the Montreal Protocol.. areas with existing infrastructure, buildings to reduce the burden · Provide for ongoing accountab ty protecting greenfields, and preserving on municipal water supply and and optimization of building habitat and natural resources, wastewater systems, energy and indoor environ~nental performance over time. · Rehabilitate damaged sites where development is'complicated by Energy and Atmosphere · Encourage. the. . ..devel°pm~i[:a real or perceived environmental _.. Verify and ensure fundamen{al use of grid-source, rene'waldle '" contamination, reducing pressure ' building elements and systems are energy technologies. .. on a n~t on undeveloped land. designed, inst~illed, an~c~librated pollution basis. "- :~,~ ' ' ' -.,:: ?':~:':-'. ' .... ........ Materials and' Resources"'~' '~, i,':i'; erated' performance in green building categories not specifically addressed by LEED. · TO support and encourage the design integration required by a LEED Green Building project and to streamline the application and certification process. Design Strategies Green building design is a complex process involving the integration of broad principles and intricate details. The developers of LEED have recognized the Green Building AdvisorTM (GBA) as an excellent resource to support LEED project development. GBA is an interac- tive software program supporting the goals and objectives of the LEED Green Building Rating System. The software provides design teams and owners with Energy Resource Center, Southern California Gas Company, a Sempra Energy Company, initial design strategy development sup- Downey, California. port in categories that coordinate with the five LEED design categories. In addi- impacts resulting from extraction the construction/renovation process tion, the softwgre provides technical and of new material, to sustain the health and comfort of resourceful ini~ormation that comple- · Increase demand for building long-term workers and occupants. · ments LEED resoii~rces and Reference products manufactured locally, - Reduce the quantity of indoor air con- Guide con~ht. reducing the environmental impacts taminants that are odorous or poten- "::-~ :. -.: .· . resulting from transportation while tially irrita.fing to pr0~ide health and GBA alloWS'the designer tO enter infor2 supporting the local economy, comfort to installers and occupants, mation · Reduce the use and dqsletion of · Avoid exposure of building occupants iilforrniiiibfi: to finite raw and long-cycle renewable' to pot~ntiaiiy hazardou§':~heinicals materials by replacing them with for the rapidly renewable materials'. ;: qi~ts of · Encourage environm~'fiic~y responsible forest management ~' ' door Environmental ~ (IEQ) ....... '~,;;' : · Provide for:~ t IEQ performance ,re~eni ~e devel0~ent o~ indoor: mr quality problems in g~iildings s. :beink iSf me occupants. · Pre=n, e'~os~ of bUii~g: throu ..... Occupanii'arid' ~ystems to //nd ' envir0nmantal tobacco :i~oke. ,':· Provid~ capacity fsr IE~ mbnitoring to Sustain lon~5~ermi~gkupant health: , and mixing of fresh air'i~c~'b~d~g the~ occupants tO support tti~ir ~eai~ ......... safety, and cOmfort., ~:- ,c', ~ praie~i r~iuiting'fror~,: [ building design and construction profes- In addition, LEED will help the design design and build green buildings and sionals to team promote problem solving from to achieve organizational environ~nental a systems perspective and identify stewardship goals and objectives.' It · differentiate their firm's opportunities not readily apparent or serves as a guide for the design and con- service offering available at the incremental level. It strucfion process, enhances the qu~ityof · establish theftrm'squalificationsin will also provide higher levels of the project, improves asset vahle, and green design resource productivity than could be reduces capital costs.'In addition, LEED · be hewed as a leader in the use of achieved by the conventional approach can help owners reduce operatin~ costs cutting-edge technology, of evaluating problems and resources and liability risks, and help stay a~ead of individually. This leads to innovative, regulations. Finally, LEED certification is The use of LEED is a good business deci- high-performance designs and engineer- likely to generate free press and sion for any private practice. Design ing that reduce the economic impact of provide market differentiation. firms will better serve clients by provid- your decisions. ing creative, functional design and by For information on LEED developing strategies to improve the From the owners' perspective, LEED go to www. leedbuilding.org or environmental' sensitivity in design and provides companies and facility 445-9500. For more construction on theenvironment, divisions a framework in which to the U.S. Green Building visit www. usgbc.org.. ~ LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL DESIG~I Green Building Rating System For NeW ConstructiOn& Major Renovations (LEED-NC) Version :~.~ November 204D2 Revised 3/1 ~/03 ATTACHMENT 2 Introduction The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEEDTM) Green Build- ing Rating System represents the U.S. Green Building Council's effort to pro- vide a national standard for what consistitutes a "green building." Through its use as a design guideline and third-party certification tool, it aims to improve occupant well-being, environmental performance and economic returns of buildings using established and innovative practices, standards and technolo- gies. Consistent with USGBC policy for the continuous improvement of LEED, Version 2.1 is an administrative update of the LEED 2.0 Rating System for new commercial construction, major renovations and high-rise residential build- ings. Its purpose is to address concerns raised by USGBC members and other LEED users by providing technical clarifications and streamlining the documentation requirements for LEED certification. These improvements are expected to simplify the documentation process for project teams and to reduce the costs of documenting LEED credits while retaining the stringency and integrity of the LEED Version 2.0 standards. An approval vote by USGBC membership is not required for Version 2.1 because performance levels have not been altered. Version 2.1 was created through the generous volunteer efforts of the LEED Technical Advisory Groups and with the guidance of the LEED Steering Committee. This document represents general consensus, not unanimous agreement. USGBC gratefully acknowledges the contributions of its committee members. The new LEED Letter Template is a central component of the Version 2.1 improvements. It is a dynamic tracking and documentation tool that must be used by Version 2.1 project teams in preparing a complete LEED certification submittal. For each credit, the Letter Template prompts LEED practitioners for data, indicates when documentation requirements have been fulfilled ad- equately for submittal, and serves as a formatting template for the project's initial submittal. Additional support documents will be requested during the certification assessment's audit phase. This Rating System document states the basic intent, requirements and docu- mentation submittals that are necessary to achieve each prerequisite and voluntary "credit." Projects earn one or more points toward certification by meeting or exceeding each credit's technical requirements. All prerequisites must be achieved in order to qualify for certification. Points add up to a final score that relates to one of four possible levels of certification. See the LEED Checklist for a summary of credit topics and point values. A short description of technologies and strategies is included for each credit to briefly inform those who are unfamiliar with the particular topic. The LEED Reference Guide for Version 2.1--the technical companion to the Rating System and Letter Template--provides further background, explanations and instructions. LEEDTM Rating System Ve:'sion 2.1 i Disclaimer and Notices / The U.S. Green Building Council authorizes you to view the LEED 2.1 Gree Building Rating System for your individual use and to copy as-is, or in part If you reference the original document. No content may be altered. In ex- change for this authorization, you agree to retain all copyright and other proprietary notices contained in the original LEED 2.1 Green Building Ratin~ System. You also agree not to sell or modify the LEED 2.1 Green BuildinG Raung System or to reproduce, d~splay or dzstnbute the LEED 2.1 Green Building Rating System in any way for any public or commercial purpos&, including display on a web site or in a networked environment. UnauthO- rized use of the LEED 2 1 Green Building Rating System violates copyrigh[, trademark, and other laws and xs prohibited. All text, graphics, layout and other elements of content contained in tlle LEED 2.1 Green BUilding Ratin]g System are Owned by the U.S. Green Building Council and are protected b~y copyright under both Unit'ed States and foreign laws. Also please note that none of the parties involved in the funding or creation of the LEED 2.1 Green Building Rating System, including the U.S. Gree~a. Building Council or its members, make any warranty (express or implied) assume any liability or responsibility, to you or any third parties for tl~e accuracy, completeness or use of, or reliance on, any information contained in the LEED 2.1 Green Building Rating System, or for any injuries, losses damages (including, without limitation, equitable relief) arising out of suc~ use or reliance. As a condition of use, you covenant not to sue, and agree to waive an' release the U.S. Green Building Council and its members from any and all claims, demands and causes of action for any injuries, losses or damages (including, without limitation, equitable relief) that you may now or hereafter have a right to assert against such parties as a result of your use of, or reliance On,copyrightthe LEED 2.1 Green Building Rating System. Copyright © 2002 by the U.S. Green Building Council. All rights reserved., Trademark LEEDTM is a registered trademark of the U.S. Green Building Council. U.S. Green Building Council ii Table of Contents ..... Project Checklist v Sustainable Sites 1 Prerequisite 1 Erosion & Sedimentation Control 1 Credit 1 Site Selection 2 Credit 2 Development Density 3 Credit 3 Brownfield Redevelopment 4 Credit 4 Alternative Transportation 5 Credit 5 Reduced Site Disturbance 9 Credit 6 Stormwater Management 11 Credit 7 Heat Island Effect 13 Credit 8 Light Pollution Reduction 15 Water Efficiency 16 Credit 1 Water Efficient Landscaping 16 Credit 2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies 18 Credit 3 Water Use Reduction 19 Energy & Atmosphere 21 Prerequisite 1 Fundamental Building Systems Commissioning 21 Prerequisite 2 Minimum Energy Performance 22 Prerequisite 3 CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment 23 Credit 1 Optimize Energy Performance 24 Credit 2 Renewable Energy 26 Credit 3 Additional Commissioning 29 Credit 4 Ozone Depletion 30 Credit 5 Measurement & Verification 31 Credit 6 Green Power 32 LFEDTM Rating System V( sion 2.1 III Materials & Resources 33 Prerequisite 1 Storage & Collection of Recyclables Credit 1 Building Reuse Credit 2 Construction Waste Managemen~ 3~ Credit 3 Resource Reuse 35 Credit 4 Recycled Content 41 Credit5 Local/Regional Materials 44I Credit 6 Rapidly Renewable Materials Credit 7 Certified Wood 4~ Indoor Environmental Quality 47 ! itc 1 Minimum IAQ Performance 4~ Prerequis 4§ Prerequisite 2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Credit 1 Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ) Monitoring 51 Credit 2 Ventilation Effectiveness 51 Credit 3 Construction IAQ Management Plan Credit 4 Low-Emitting Materials 5'. Credit 5 Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control 5! Credit 6 Controllability of Systems 6~ Credit 7 Thermal Comfort 61 Credit 8 Daylight & Views Innovation & Design Process Credit 1 Innovation in Design 6, Credit 2 LEED Accredited Professional 6' U.S. Green Building Council iv Project Checklist Sustainable Sites 14 Possible Points ~ Prereq 1 Erosion & Sedimentation Control Required i 5~-7i i-~-i ii:~ Credit 1 Site Selection 1 ['?iii iiiil}~';i. [};~iiii Credit 2 Urban Redevelopment i.)....J i ? i i~ [ Credit 3Brownfield Redevelopment ~..~(...! ~'=~'"i ["~"'~ Credit 4.1 Alternative Transpodation, Public Transpo~ation Access 1 ~ ~ ~N [ Credit 4.2 Alternative Transportation, Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms 1 ['~):'~ ~-"7'~ '~'~ Credit 4.3 Alternative lransportation, Alternative Fuel Vehicles 1 L_~_.r':;':-' ~'")"'~_:._..~ [~"~ Credit 4.4 Alternative lranspodation, ~rking Capacity 1 ~":~;;"~ r"")"" ['}Q'] Credit 5.1 Reduced Site DistUrbance, Protect or Restore Open Space 1 "~; ..... }-'~ "}:~? Credit 5.2Reduced Site Disturbance, Development Footprint L..L../ ........ ...2.~ i Y ~ ] ? ~ ~'~4 Credit 6.1 Stormwater Management, Rate and Quantity 1 ~ ~ ~ Credit 6.2 Stormwater Management, Treatment 1 ~{7-' ['~?' [~-~ Credit 7.1 Heat Island Effect, Non-Roof 1 ....... ~'-~ ~ Credit 7.2 Heat ISland Effect, Roof 1 ~;"~)'"} ['?' ["~"[ Credit 8 Light Pollution Reduction ........... L'.....: :~ Water Efficiency 5 Po s bt Po ts "R¥". .......... ['~'"~ Credit 1.1 Water Efficient Landscaping, Reduce by 50% 1 [?~~....~...~'""~-'] .......... [';47 Credit 1.2 Water Efficient Landscapin~ No Potable Use or No Irrigation 1 ] ¥ ~b~ Credit 2 Innovative Wastewater lechnologies []~.~ [~.~.] ['~ Credit 3.1 Water Use Reduction, 20% Reduction L.~....~ [~?~'~'J [}~ Credit 3.2 Water Use Reduction, 30% R~du~tio~ Atmosphere 17 Possible Points Energy & ~ Prereq ~ Fundamental Building Systems Commissioning Required ~ Prereq 2 Minimum Energy Performance Required ~ Prereq 3 CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment Required [~ [~'~.~'.~ [~'~ Credit 1 Optimize Energy Performance 1-10 [~?~. [}}~}~] [~}~}~} Credit 2.1 Renewable Energy, 5% 1 r-:--; ........ ~" ['~"~ Credit 2.2Renewable Energy, 10% 12 ....................... ~ ~ ~ [N~ Credit 2.3 Rene~ble Energy, 20% 1 ~ ~ ~ Credit 3 Additional Commissioning 1 ~ [ ?~[N] Credit 4 Ozone Depletion 1 ["~;"~ ?}'~] ['b~"] Credit 5Measurement & Verification ['~'"~ ~ '~'- Credit 6 Green Power 1 LEEDTM Rating System Version 2.1 ¥ L E E DIMaterials& Resources ~3 Possible Point ...................................... ~. Prereq 1 Storage & Collection of Recyclables Require, ¥;'~ ~ i':~'~ Credit 1.1 Building Reuse, Maintain 75% of Existing Shell i'?; [i~1 i.i~;i Credit1.2 Building Reuse, Maintain 100% of Shell ::"'~7'" [iiiiili11 i?¥'i Credit 1.3 Building Reuse, Maintain 100% Shell & 50% Non-Shell ?'~'"' [iiiiiiii[ ~'~''] Credit2.1 Construction Waste Management, Dive~ 50% ~ [~?~ ~'g? Credit 2.2 Construction Waste Management, Divert 75% .~ ~ .~. Credit 3.1 Resource Reuse, Specify 5% .....[~ L~_~ ~._, ~ Credit 4.1 Re~cled Content, Specify 5% (p.c. + ~& p.i.) ["~;"~ ~.:~.~] ~"~"~ Credit 4.2 Re~cled Content, Specify 10% (p.c. + V2 p.i.) [..~..~ .......... L.,2....]~'"'~'- ~''~']~ ......... Credit 5.1 Local/Regional Materials, 20% Manufactured Locally ~ ~,'~ ~ ~ Credit 5.2 Local/Regional Materials, of 20% in MRc5.1, 50% Harvested Locally ~ ~ ~ Credit 6 Rapidly Renewable Materials j ?~?~ -? '~" Credit 7 Certified Wood ~ Indoor Environmental Quality ~5 Po~b~ Po~n~( ~ Prereq 1 Minimum IAQ Pe~ormance Required ~ Prereq 2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Requ red~ ~ ~ ~ Credit 1 Carbon' Dioxide (CO~) Monitoring ~ ?-~ ~?~j [~-] Credit 2 Ventilation Effectiveness ~,'~.~ ~ ~)~ Credit 3.~ Constru~ion IAQ Management Plan, During Construction ........ '~/"~ ?"~ .... Construction IAQ Management Plan, Before Occupancy ~'~ ~] [~] Credit 4.~ Low-Emitting Materials, Adhesives & Sealants "~ ~ ~ Credit 4.2 Low-Emitting Materials, ~in~ ~'~ ~ ~ Credit 4.3 Low-Emitting Materials, Carpet ~'~ ~-~ ~ Credit 4.4 Low-Emitting Materials, Composite Wood ?.~ I~.~.~...] :~ Credit 5' Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control ?.~? ~] ~]~ Credit 6.~ Controllability of Systems, Perimeter ?.~ [~]~] ~ Credit 6.2 Controllability of Systems, No~-Perimeter ~ ~ ~ Credit 7.1 Thermal Comfort, Comply with ASHRAE 55-1992 .~-'~-. ~ :~'¥'~: Credit 7.2 Thermal Comfort, Permanent Monitoring System "'¥'~ [~] ~¥~ Credit 8.1 Daylight & ~ews, Daylight 75% of Spaces ............ ~ ~ ~ Daylight & Views, Views for 90% of Spaces Innovation & Design Process s Possible Po~ t ~ ~ ~[~ Credit 1.1 Innovation in Design L...'. ..... ~...._.: ~? ~ ~ Credit 1.2 Innovation in Design [~;~ ~_~_] [.}~ Credit1.3Innovation in Design Project Totals 69 Po,~ib~ Po~. ~ ~ Certified 26-32. poin~ Silver 33-38 points Gold 39-51 poin~ Platinum 52-69 poir ts U.S. Green Building Council vi I~I~IWI: EA MR FQ ID Sustainable Sites Prerequisite I Erosion & Sedimentation Control Required Intent Control erosion to reduce negative impacts on water and air quality. Requirements Design a sediment and erosion control plan, specific to the site, that con- forms to United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Document No. EPA 832/R-92-005 (September 1992), Storm Water Management for Con- struction Activities, Chapter 3, OR local erosion and sedimentation control standards and codes, whichever is more stringent. The plan shall meet the following objectives: Prevent loss of soil during construction by stormwater runoff and/or wind erosion, including protecting tops6il by stockpiling for reuse. e Prevent sedimentation of storm sewer or receiving streams. . Prevent polluting the air with dust and particulate matter. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the civil engineer or respon- sible party, declaring whether the project follows local erosion and sedi- mentation control standards or the referenced EPA standard. Provide a brief list of the measures implemented. If local standards and codes are followed, describe how they meet or exceed the referenced EPA standard. Potential Technologies & Strategies Adopt an erosion and sediment control plan for the project site during con- struction. Consider employing strategies such as temporary and permanent seeding, mulching, earth dikes, silt fencing, sediment traps and sediment basins. LEEDTM Rating System V 'sion 2.1 1 I~'~'lWE EA MR EQI ID Credit 1 1 Point Site Selection Intent m Avoid development of inappropriate sites and reduce the environmental impact fro the location of a building on a site. Requirements Do not develop buildings, roads or parking areas on portions of sites that meet any one of the following criteria: Prime farmland as defined by the United States Department of Agr~- culture in the United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 7, Vol- ume 6, Parts 400 to 699, Section 657.5 (citation 7CFR657.5). · Land whose elevation is lower than 5 feet above the elevation of tt~e 100-year flood as defined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). ~ as habitat for an s ec~es o~ · Land which is specifically identif'ed ' y p ' Federal or State threatened or endangered lists. · Within 100 feet of any water including wetlands as defined by United States Code of Federal Regulations 40 CFR, Parts 230-233 and Part 22, and isolated wetlands or areas of special concern identified by stale or local rule, OR greater than distances given in state or local reguk tions as defined by local or state rule or law, whichever is mot stringent. · Land which prior to acquisition for the project was public parklan( unless land of equal or greater value as parkland is accepted in trad by the public landowner (Park Authority projects are exempt). Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the civil engineer or respo~.- sible party, declaring that the project site meets the credit requirements. Potential Technologies & Strategies During the site selection process, give preference to those sites that do n(~t include sensitive site elements and restrictive land types. Select a suitable building location and design the building with the minimal footprint to mini- mize site disruption. Strategies include stacking the building program, tucl:- under parking, and sharing facilities with neighbors. U.S. Green Building C°uncil 2 Credit 2 Development Density 1 ?oint Intent Channel development to urban areas with existing infrastructure, protect greenfields and preserve habitat and natural resources. Requirements Increase localized density to conform to existing or desired density goals by utilizing sites that are located within an existing minimum development den- sity of 60,000 square feet per acre (two story downtown development). Submittals [~ Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the civil engineer, architect or other responsible party, declaring that the project has achieved the required development densities. Provide density for the project and for the surrounding area. ~ Provide an area plan with the project location highlighted. Potential Technologies & Strategies During the site selection process, give preference to urban sites. LEEDTM Rating System Ve 'sion 2.1 3 EAIMR FQIID Poi nt Brow.field Redevelopment Intent Rehabilitate damaged sites where development is complicated by real perceived environmental contamination, reducing pressure on undevelope~ land. Requirements Develop on a site documented as contaminated (by means of an ASTM E1903 97 Phase II Environmental Site Assessment) OR on a site classified as brownfield by a local, state or federal government agency. Effectively remediat site contamination. Submittals [] Provide a copy of the pertinent sections of the ASTM E1903-97 Phase Environmental Site Assessment documenting the site contamination Ok~ provide a letter from a local, state or federal regulatory agency c~nfir~- ing that the site is classified as a broWnfield by that agency. ~ [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the civil engineer or re sponsible party, declaring the type of damage that existed on the site an:l describing the remediation performed. Potential Technologies & Strategies During the site selection process, give preference to brownfield sites, ldenti~ tax incentives and property cost savings. Develop and implement a s~te remediation plan using strategies such as pump-and-treat, bioreactors, land farming and in-situ remediation. U.S. Green Building Council 4 Credit 4.1 Alternative TransPortation: Public Transportation Access 1 Point Intent Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use. Requirements Locate project within 1/2 mile of a commuter rail, light rail or subway station or 1/4 mile of two or more public or campus bus lines usable by building occupants. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by an appropriate party, declaring that the project building(s) are located within required proximity to mass transit. Provide an area drawing or transit map highlighting the building location and the fixed rail stations and bus lines, and indicate the dis- tances between them. Include a scale bar for distance measurement. Potential Technologies & Strategies Perform a transportation survey of future building occupants to identify trans- portation needs. Site the building near mass transit. LEEDTM Rating System V, rsion 2.1 5 i.~.'IWE EA MR EQ ID Credit 4.2 Poi nt Alternative Transportation: Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms Intent Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use. Requirements For commercial or institutional buildings, provide secure bicycle storage wit convenient changing/shower facilities (within 200 yards of the building) fo 5% or more of regular building occupants. For residential buildings, provid covered storage facilities for securing bicycles for 15% or more of buildin occupants in lieu of changing/shower facilities. Submittals For commercial projects: provide the LEED Letter Template, signed b the Architect or responsible party, declaring the distance to bicycle stor- age and showers from the building entrance and demonstrating that the~e OR facilities can accommodate at least 5% of building occupants. For residential projects: provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect or responsible party, dec.laring the design occupancy for th buildings, number of covered bicycle storage facilities for securing b! cycles, and demonstrating that these facilities can accommodate at lea~' 15% of building occupants. Potential Technologies & Strategies Design the building with transportation amenities such as bicycle racks an showering/changing facilities. U.S. Green Building Council 6 Credit 4.3 Alternative Transportation: Alternative Fuel Vehicles 1 Point Intent Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use. Requirements Provide alternative fuel vehicles for 3% of building occupants AND provide preferred parking for these vehicles, OR install alternative-fuel refueling sta- tions for 3% of the total vehicle parking capacity of the site. Liquid or gas- eous fueling facilities must be separately ventilated or located outdoors. Submittals Provide the LEED Letter Template and proof of ownership of, or 2 year lease agreement for, alternative fuel vehicles and calculations indicating that alternative fuel vehicles will serve 3% of building occupants. Provide site drawings or parking plan highlighting preferred parking for alterna- tive fuel vehicles. OR [] Provide the LEED Letter Template with specifications and site drawings highlighting alternative-fuel refueling stations. Provide calculations dem-. onstrating that these facilities accommodate 3% or more of the total ve- hicle parking capacity. Potential Technologies & Strategies Provide transportation amenities such as alternative fuel refueling stations and carpool/vanpool programs. Consider sharing the costs and benefits of refueling stations with neighbors. LEEDTM Rating System V( sion 2.1 7 I.~g'IWE EA MR EQ ID Credit 4.4 1 Point Alternative Transportation: Parking Capacity Intent Reduce pollution and land development impacts from single occupancy ve- hicle use. Requirements Sizeparking capacity to meet, but not exceed, minimum local zoning r~- quirements AND provide preferred parking for carpools or vanpools capable of serving 5% of the building occupants; OR add no new parking for rehabili- tation projects AND provide preferred parking for carpools or vanpools c:- pable of serving 5% of the building occupants. Submittals [] For new projects: provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the civ engineer or responsible party, stating any relevant minimum zoning r5 quirements and declaring that parking capacity is sized to meet, but not exceed them. State the number of preferred parking spaces for carpool:t OR [] For rehabilitation projects: provide the LEED Letter Template, signed b the civil engineer or responsible party, declaring that no new parking capacity has been added. State the number of preferred parking space for carpools. Potential Technologies & Strategies Minimize parking lot/garage size. Consider sharing parking facilities wit adjacent buildings. U.S. Green Building Council 8 Credit 5.1 Reduced Site Disturbance: Protect or RestOre Open Space I Point Intent Conserve existing natural areas and restore damaged areas to provide habitat and promote biodiversity. Requirements On greenfield sites, limit site disturbance including earthwork and clearing of vegetation to 40 feet beyond the building perimeter, 5 feet beyond primary roadway curbs, walkways and main utility branch trenches, and 25 feet be- yond constructed areas with permeable surfaces (such as pervious paving areas, stormwater detention facilities and playing fields) that require addi- tional staging areas in order to limit compaction in the constructed area; OR, on previously developed sites, restore a minimum of 50% of the site area (excluding the building footprint) by replacing impervious surfaces with na- tive or adapted vegetation. Submittals [] For greenfield sites: provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the civil engineer or responsible party, demonstrating and declaring that site dis- turbance (including earthwork and clearing of vegetation) has been lim- ited to 40 feet beyond the building perimeter, 5 feet beyond primary roadway curbs,' walk ways and main utility branch trenches, and 25 feet beyond constructed areas with permeable surfaces. Provide site drawings and specifications highlighting limits of construction disturbance. OR [] For previously developed sitesi provide a LEED Letter Template, signed by the civil engineer or responsible party, declaring and describing resto- ration of degraded habitat areas. Include highlighted site drawings with area calculations demonstrating that 50% of the site area that does not fall within the building footprint has been restored. Potential Technologies & Strategies Perform a site survey to identify site elements and adopt a master plan for development of the project site. Select a suitable building location and design the building with a minimal footprint to minimize site disruption. Strategies include stacking the building program, tuck-under parking and sharing facili- ties with neighbors. Establish clearly marked construction boundaries to mini- mize disturbance of the existing site and restore previously degraded areas to their natural state. LEEDTM Rating System Vt sion 2.1 9 I~'IWE EA MR EQ ID Credit 5.2 1 Point Reduced Site Disturbance: Development Footprint Conserve existing natural areas and restore damaged areas to provide habit and promote biodiversity. Requirements Reduce the development footprint (defined as enti, re building footprint, a - cess roads and parking) to exceed the local zonings open space requiremen~t for the site by 25%. For areas with no local zoning requirements (e.g., som university campuses and military bases), designate open space area adjacen to the building that is equal to the development footprint. Submittals Provide a copy of the local zoning requirements highlighting the criteri for open space. Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the civ: · engineer or responsible party, demonstrating and declanng that the oppe space exceeds the local zoning open space requirement for the site 'by 25%. m [] For areas with no local zoning requirements (e.g., some university ca - puses and military bases), designate open space area adjacent'to th~ building that is equal to the development footprint. Provide a letter fror the property owner stating that the open space will be conserved for th life of the building. Potential Technologies & Strategies Perform a site survey to identify site elements and adopt a master plan fc development of the project site. Select a suitable building location and desig the building with a minimal footprint to minimize site disruption. Strategic include stacking the building program, tuck-under parking and sharing facil: ties with neighbors. Establish clearly marked construction boundaries to mint- mize disturbance of existing and restore Previously degraded areas to their4 natural state. U.S. Green Building Council 10 Credit 6.1 Stormwater Management: Rate and Quantity 1 Point Intent Limit disruption and pollution of natural water flows by managing stormwater runoff. Requirements If existing imperviousness is less than or equal to 50%, implement a stormwater management plan that prevents the post-development 1.5 year, 24 hour peak discharge rate from exceeding the pre-development 1.5 year, 24 hour peak discharge rate. OR If existing imperviousness is greater than 50%, implement a stormwater man- agement plan that results in a 25% decrease in the rate and quantity of stormwater runoff. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the civil engineer or respon- sible party, declaring that the post-development 1.5 year, 24 hour peak discharge rate does not exceed the pre-development 1.5 year 24 hour peak discharge rate. Include calculations demonstrating that existing site imperviousness is less than or equal to 50%. OR Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the civil engineer Or respon- sible party, declaring and demonstrating that the stormwater manage- ment strategies result in at least a 25% decrease in the rate and quantity of stormwater runoff. Include calculations demonstrating that existing site imperviousness exceeds 50%. Potential Technologies & Strategies Design the project site to maintain natural stormwater flows by promoting infiltration. Specify garden roofs and pervious paving to minimize impervi- ous surfaces. Reuse stormwater volumes generated for non-potable uses such as landscape irrigation, toilet and urinal flushing and custodial uses. LEEDTM Rating System V( rsion 2.1 11 Credit 6.2 1 Point Stormwater Management: Treatment Intent Limit disruption of natural water flows by eliminating stormwater runot increasing on-site infiltration and eliminating contaminants. 800 f ' Requirements Construct site stormwater treatment systems designed to remove Yo o tl~e average annual post-development total suspended solids (TSS) and 40%~ 6f the average annual post-development total phosphorous (TP) based on tt~e average annual loadings from all storms less than or equal to the 2-year/2~- , hour storm. Do so by implementing Best Management Practices (BMPs) ouI- lined in Chapter 4, Part 2 (Urban Runoff), of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Guidance SpeciJ~ing Management Measures for Sources of NonpointPollution in CoastalWaters, January 1993 (Document No. EPA-840-B-95 002) or the local government's BMP document (whichever is more stringent). Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the civil engineer or respor sible party, declaring that the design complies with or exceeds EPA cr local government Best Management PraCtices (whichever set is more strir gent) for removal of total suspended solids and total phosphorous. Potential Technologies & Strategies Design mechanical or natural treatment systems such as constructed we~- lands, vegetated filter strips and bioswales to treat the site's stormwater. U.S. Green Building Council 12 Credit 7.1 Heat Island Effect: Non-Roof 1 Point Intent Reduce heat islands (thermal gradient differences between developed and undeveloped areas) to minimize impact on microclimate and human and wildlife habitat. Requiremenls Provide shade (within 5 years) and/or use light-colored/high-albedo materi- als (reflectance of at least 0.3) and/or open grid pavement for at least 30% of the site's non-roof impervious surfaces, including parking lots, walkways, plazas, etc.; OR place a minimum of 50% of parking spaces underground or covered by structured parking; OR use an open-grid pavement system (less than 50% impervious) for a minimum of 50% of the parking lot area. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the civil engineer or respon- sible party, referencing the site plan to demonstrate areas of paving, land- scaping (list species) and building footprint, and declaring that: A minimum of 30% of non-roof impervious surfaces areas are con- structed with high-albedo materials and/or open grid pavement and/ or will be shaded within five years o OR a minimum of 50% of parking spaces have been placed under- ground or are covered, by structured parking OR an open-grid pavement system (less than 50% impervious) has been used for a minimum of 50% bf the parking lot area. Potential Technologies & Strategies Shade constructed surfaces on the site with landscape features and minimize the overall building footprint. Consider replacing constructed surfaces (i.e. roof, roads, sidewalks, etc.) with vegetated surfaces such as garden roofs and open grid paving or specify high-albedo materials to reduce the heat absorption. LEEDTM Rating System V( rsion 2.1 13 Credit 7.2 Point Heat Island Effect: Roof Intent Reduce heat islands (thermal gradient differences between developed and undeveloped areas) to minimize impact on microclimate and human an wildlife habitat. Requirements Use ENERGY STAR® compliant (highly reflective) AND high emissivity roofir (emissivity of at least 0.9 when tested in accordance with ASTM 408) for minimum of 75% of the roof surface; OR install a "green" (vegetated) roof fgr at least 50% of the roof area. Combinations of high albedo and vegetated rogf can be used providing they collectively cover 75% of the roof area. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, civil engineer or responsible party, referencing the building plan and declaring that tt~ roofing materials comply with the ENERGY STAR® Label requirements an have a minimum emissivity of 0.9. Demonstrate that high-albedo an vegetated roof areas combined constitute at least 75% of the total roof area. OR [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, civil engineer or responsible party, referencing the building plan and demonstrating that vegetated roof areas constitute at least 50% of the total roof area. Potential Technologies & Strategies Visit the ENgRGY STAR® Web site, www. energysrar, gov, to look for compliar t products. Consider installing high-albedo and vegetated roofs to reduce he:.t absorption. U.S. Green Building Council 14 Credit 8 Light Pollution Reduction 1 Point Intent Eliminate light trespass from the building and site, improve night sky access and reduce development impact on nocturnal environments. Requirements Meet or provide lower light levels and uniformity ratios than those recom- mended by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) Recommended Practice Manual: Lighting for Exterior Environments (RP-33-99). De- sign exterior lighting such that all exterior lumlnaires with more than 1000 initial lamp lumens are shielded and all luminaires with more than 3500 initial lamp lumens meet the Full Cutoff IESNA Classification. The maximum candela value of all interior lighting shall fall within the building (not out through windows) and the maximum candela value of all exterior lighting shall fall within the property. Any luminaire within a distance of 2.5 times its mounting height from the property boundary shall have shielding such that no light from that luminaire crosses the property boundary. Submittals Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by an appropriate party, de- claring that the credit requirements have been met. Potential Technologies & Strategies Adopt site lighting criteria to maintain safe light levels while avoiding off-site lighting and night sky pollution. Minimize site lighting where possible and model the site !ighting using a computer model. Technologies to reduce light pollution include full cutoff luminaries, low-reflectance surfaces and Iow- angle spotlights. LEEDTM Rating System V( sion 2.1 15 SS¥,,~aEA]MREQcredit 1.1 ,DJ Water Efficiency 1 Point Water Efficient Landscaping: Reduce by 50% Intent Limit or eliminate the use of potable water for landscape irrigation. Requirements Use high-efficiency irrigation technology OR use captured rain or recycle site water to reduce potable water consumption for irrigation by 50% ove conventional means. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, engineer ~ responsible party, declaring that potable water consumption for site irt gation has been reduced by 50%. Include a brief narrative of the equil; merit used and/or the use of drought-tolerant or native plants. Potential Technologies & Strategies Perform a soil/climate analysis to determine appropriate landscape types an design the landscape with indigenous plants to reduce or eliminate irrigatioa requirements. Use high-efficiency irrigation systems and consider using stormwater and/or greywater for irrigation. U S Green Building Council 16 SS I¥II EA MR EQ ID Credit 1.2 I Water Efficient Landscaping: 1 Point No Potable Use or No Irrigation in addition t, WE 1.1 Intent Limit or eliminate the use of potable water for landscape irrigation. Requirements Use only captured rain or recycled site water to eliminate all potable water use for site irrigation (except for initial watering to establish plants), OR do not install permanent landscape irrigation systems. Submittals [] 'Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the responsible architect and/or engineer, declaring that the project site will not use potable water for irrigation. Include a narrative describing the captured rain system, the recycled site water system, and their holding capacity. List all the plant species used. Include calculations demonstrating that irrigation require- ments can be met from captured rain or recycled site water. OR r-i Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the landscape architect or responsible party, declaring that the project site does not have a perma- nent landscape irrigation system. Include a narrative describing how the landscape design allows for this. Potential Technologies & Slrategies Perform a soil/climate analysis to determine appropriate landscape types and design the landscape with indigenous plants to reduce or eliminate irrigation requirements. Consider using stormwater and/or greywater for irrigation. LEEDTM Rating System Ve 'sion 2.1 17 Credit 2 ] point Innovative Wastewater Technologies Intent Reduce generation of wastewater and potable water demand, while increas- ing the local aquifer recharge. Requirements Reduce the use of municipally provided potable water for .building sewag~ conveyance by a minimum of 50%, OR treat 100% of wastewater on site t~ tertiary standards. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter TemplatE, signed by the architect, MEP enginee or responsible party, declaring that water for building sewage convey ance will be reduced by at least 50%. Include the spreadsheet calculatio~ and a narrative demonstrating the measures used to reduce wastewate by at least 50O/o from baseline conditions.. 0]1 OR [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the civil engineer or resp .- sible party, declaring that 100% of wastewater will be treated to ternary standards on site. Include a narrative describing the on-site wastewate treatment system. Potential Technologies & Strategies Specify high-efficiency fixtures and dry fixtures such as composting toilet and waterless urinals to reduce wastewater volumes. Consider reusin stormwater or greywater for sewage conveyance or on-site wastewater treat ment systems (mechanical and/or natural). U S Green Building Council 18 ss v,,~ E^ MRIEQ ~D · Credit 3.1 Water Use Reduction: 20% Reduction 1 Point Intent Maximize water efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on munici- pal water supply and wastewater systems. Requirements Employ strategies that in aggregate use 20% less water than the water use baseline calculated for the building (not including irrigation) after meeting the Energy Policy Act of 1992 fixture performance requirements. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the MEP engineer or re- sponsible party, declaring that the project uses 20% less water than the baseline fixture performance requirements of the Energy Policy Act of 1992. Provide the spreadsheet calculation demonstrating that water-consuming fixtures specified for the stated occupancy and use of the building reduce occupancy-based potable water consumption by 20% compared to baseline conditions. Potential Technologies & Strategies Estimate the potable and non-potable water needs for the building. Use high- efficiency fixtures, dry fixtures such as composting toilets and waterless uri- nals, and occupant sensors to reduce the potable water demand. Consider reuse of stormwater and greywater for non-potable applications such as toi- let and urinal flushing, mechanical systems and custodial uses. LEEDTM Rating System Ve 'sion 2.1 19 SS I,','I~1 EA MRJEqJlD Credit: ~.2 1 Point W~t~r U$~ R~ductiom 30% Reduction in ~ddffion to WE 3.1 Intent Maximize water efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on munici pal water supply and wastewater systems. Requirements Employ strategies that in aggregate use 30% less water than the ~vater us. baseline calculated for the building (not including irrigation) after meetim the Energy Policy Act of 1992 fixture performance requirements. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the MEP engineer or re sponsible party, declaring that the project uses 30% less water than th- baseline fixture performance requirements of the Energy Policy Act ~ 1992. Provide the spreadsheet calculation de.monstrating that water-consumi~ fixtures specified for the stated occupancy and use of the building reduc occupancy-based potable water consumption by 30% compared to baselin conditions. Potential Technologies & Strategies Estimate the potable and non-potable water needs for the building. Use hig]- efficiency fixtures, dry fixtures such as composting toilets and waterless u?I- · nals, and occupant sensors to reduce the potable water demand. Consider reuse of stormwater and greywater for non-potable applications such as to:- let and urinal flushing, mechanical systems and custodial uses. U S Green Building Council 20 Energy & Atmosphere Prerequisite Fundamental Building Systems Commissioning Required Intent Verify and ensure that fundamental building elements and systems are de- signed, installed and calibrated to operate as intended. Requirements Implement or have a contract in place to implement the following fundamen- tal best practice commissioning procedures. · Engage a commissioning team that does not include individuals di- rectly responsible for project design or construction management. · Review the design intent and the basis of design documentation. · Incorporate commissioning requirements into the construction docu- ments. · Develop and utilize a commissioning plan. · Verify installation, functional performance, training and operation and maintenance documentation. · Complete a commissioning report. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the owner or commission- ing agent(s), confirming that the fundamental commissioning require- ments have been successfully executed or will be provided under exist- ing contract(s). Potential Technologies & Strategies: Engage a commissioning authority and adopt a commissioning plan. Include commissioning requirements in bid documents and task the commissioning agent to produce a commissioning report once commissioning activities are completed. LEEDTM Rating System V( sion 2.1 21 Prerequisite 2 Required Minimum Energy Performance Intent Establish the minimum level of energy efficiency for the base building ant systems. Requirements Design the building to comply with ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999 (witl out amendments) or the local energy code, whichever is more stringent. Submittals [] Provide a LEED Letter Template, signed by a licensed professional engi neer or architect, stating that the building complies with ASHRAE/IESN,z 90.1-1999 or local energy codes. If local energy codes were applied demonstrate that the local code is equivalent to, or more stringent than ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-1999 (without amendments). Potential Technologies & Strategies: Design the building envelope and systems to maximize energy performano Use a computer simulation model to assess the energy performance an, identify the most cost effective energy measures. Quantify energy perfor mance compared to the baseline building. U S Green Building Council 22 SS WEI~f-'IMR EC~ Prerequisite ~D cFC ~Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment Required Intent Reduce ozone depletion. Requirements Zero use of CFC-based refrigerants in new base building HVAC&R systems. When reusing existing base building HVAC equipment, complete a compre- hensive CFC phase-out conversion. Submittals Provide a LEED Letter Template, signed by a licensed professional engi- neer or architect, declaring that the building's HVAC&R systems do not use CFC-based refrigerants. Potential Technologies & Strategies: When reusing existing HVAC systems, conduct an inventory to identify equip- ment that uses CFC refrigerants and adopt a replacement schedule for these refrigerants. For new buildings, specify new HVAC equipment that uses no CFC refrigerants. LEEDTM Rating System Version 2.1 23 Credit 1 1-1 0 Points Optimize Energy Performance Intent Achieve increasing levels of energy performance above the prerequisite stan dard to reduce environmental impacts associated with excessive energy use Requirements Reduce design energy cost compared to the energy cost budget for ener systems regulated by ASHRAE/IES NA Standard 90.1-1999 (without amend ments), as demonstrated by a whole building simulation using the EnergI Cost Budget Method described in Section 11 of the Standard. New Bldgs. Existing Bldgs. Points 15% 5% 1 20% 10% 2 25% 15% 3 30% 20% 4 35% 25% 5 40% 30% 6 45% 35% 7 50% 40% 8 55% 45% 9 60% 50% 10 Regulated energy systems include HVAC (heating, cooling, fans and pumps service hot water and interior lighting. Non-regulated systems include plu loads, exterior lighting, garage ventilation and elevators (vertical transport: tion). Two methods may be used to separate energy consumption for regt lated systems. The energy consumption for each fuel may be prorated ac cording to the fraction of energy used by regulated and non-regulated er ergy. Alternatively, separate meters (accounting) may be created in the er- ergy simulation program for regulated and non-regulated energy uses. If an analysis has been made comparing the proposed design to local enert standards and a defensible equivalency (at minimum) to ASHRAE/IESNA Sta: ,- dard 90.1-1999 has been established, then the comparison against the loc: code may be used in lieu of the ASHRAE Standard. Project teams are encouraged to apply for innovation credits if the ener y consumption of non-regulated systems is also reduced. U S Green Building Council 24 Credit I Optimize Energy Performance 1-1 0 Point., (continued) Submittals [] Complete the LEED Letter Template incorporating a quantitative sum- mary table showing the energy saving strategies incorporated in the build- ing design. Demonstrate via summary printout from energy simulation software that the design energy cost is less than the energy cost budget as defined in ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-1999, Section 11. Potential Technologies & Strategies Design the building envelope and building systems to maximize energy per- formance. Use a computer simulation model to assess the energy perfor- mance and identify the most cost-effective energy efficiency measures. Quantify energy performance as compared to a baseline building. LEEDTM Rating System V, rsion 2.1 25 SS IWEI~:IMR EQ ID Credit 2.1 1 pOint Renewable Energy: 5% Intent Encourage and recognize increasing levels of on-site renewable energy sell supply in order to reduce environmental impacts associated with fossil fue energy use. Requirements Supply at least 5% of the building's total energy use (as expressed as a frac tion of annual energy cost) through the use of on-site renewable energ systems. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, owner or r~ sponsible party, declaring that at least 5% of the building's energy provided by on-site renewable energy. Include a narrative describing oJ site renewable energy systems installed in the building and calculatior demonstrating that at least 5% of total energy costs are supplied by th renewable energy system(s). Potential Technologies & Strategies Assess the project for non-polluting and renewable energy potential incluc lng solar, wind, geothermal, low-impact hydro, biomass and bio-gas strate gies. When applying these strategies, take advantage of net metering with tlqe local utility. U S Green Building Council 26 SS WEI~'.-IMR EQ ID Credit 2.3 1 Point Renewable Energy: 20% in addition to EA 2.1 and 2.2 Intent Encourage and recognize in.creasing levels of self-supply through renewab] technologies to reduce environmental impacts associated with fossil fuel em ergy use. Requirements Supply at least 20% of the building's total energy use (as expressed as a fraction of annual energy cost) through the use of on-site renewable energg systems. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, owner or re-. sponsible party, declaring that at least 20% of the building's energy s provided by on-site renewable energy. Include a narrative describing Ol- site renewable energy systems installed in the building and calculatior demonstrating that at least 20% of total energy costs are supplied by th renewable energy system(s). Potential Technologies & Strategies Assess the project for non-polluting and renewable energy potential incluc ing solar, wind, geothermal, low-impact hydro, biomass and bio-gas strafe gies. When applying these strategies, take advantage of net metering with tlqe local utility. U S Green Building Council 28 SS WEI~-'IMRIEC! ID Credit 3 Additional COmmissioning 1 Point Intent Verify and ensure that the entire building is designed, constructed and cali- brated to operate as intended. Requirements In addition to the Fundamental Building Commissioning prerequisite, imple- ment or have a contract in place to implement the following additional com- missioning tasks: 1. A commissioning authority independent of the design team shall con- duct a review of the design prior to the construction documents phase. 2. An independent commissioning authority shall conduct a review of the construction documents near completion of the construction docu- ment development and prior to issuing the contract documents for construction. 3. An independent commissioning authority shall review the contractor submittals relative to systems being commissioned. 4. Provide the owner with a single manual that contains the information required for re-commissioning building systems. 5. Have a contract in place to review building operation with O&M staff, including a plan for resolution of outstanding commissioning-related issues within one year after construction completion date. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the owner or independent commissioning agent(s) as appropriate, confirming that the required ad- ditional commissioning tasks have been successfully executed or will be provided under existing contract(s). Potential Technologies & Strategies Engage the commissioning authority early in the design phases. LEEDTM Rating System V, ;ion 2.1 29 SS WEI~-~IMR EQI ID Credit 4 1 Point Ozone Protection Intent Reduce ozone depletion and support early compliance with the Montre~ Protocol. Requirements Install base building level HVAC and refrigeration equipment and fire su pression systems that do not contain HCFCs or Halons. Submittals Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect or engine~ stating that HVAC&R systems as-built are free of HCFCs and Halons. Potential Technologies & Strategies When reusing buildings, inventory existing building systems using refrige~ ants and fire suppression chemicals and replace those that contain HCFCs c Halons. For new buildings, specify refrigeration and fire suppression system that use no HCFCs or Halons. U S Green Building Council 30 SS WEI~.'IMR EC! ID Credit 5 Measurement and Verification 1 Point Intent Provide for the ongoing accountability and optimization of building energy and water consumption performance over time. Requirements install continuous metering equipment for the following end-uses: Lighting systems and controls · Constant and variable motor loads · Variable frequency drive (VFD) operation · chiller efficiency at variable loads (kW/ton) · Cooling load · Air and water economizer and heat recovery cycles · Air distribution static pressures and ventilation air volumes · Boiler efficiencies · Building-related process energy systems and equipment · Indoor water risers and outdoor irrigation systems Develop a Measurement and Verification plan that incorporates the monitor- ing information from the above end-uses and is consistent with Option B, C or D of the 2001 International Performance Measurement & Verij~cation Protocol (IPMVP) Volume L' Conc~Ots and O?tions for Determining Energy and Water Savings. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the licensed engineer or other responsible party, indicating that metering equipment has been installed for each end-use and declaring the option to be followed under IPMVP version 2001. [] Provide a copy of the M&V plan following IPMVP, 2001version, including an executive summary. Potential Technologies & Strategies Model the energy and water systems to predict savings. Design the building with equipment to measure energy and water performance. Draft a Measure- ment & Verification Plan to apply during building operation that compares predicted savings to those actually achieved in the field. LEEDTM Rating System Vt sion 2.1 31 SS WEI~-'IMRIEQ ID Credit 6 1 Point Green Power Intent Encourage the development and use of grid-source, renewable energy tecl~ nologies on a net zero pollution basis. Requirements 0 , 1 b Provide at least 50 Yo of the buildings electricity from renewab e sources engaging in at least a two-year renewable energy contract. Renewable source are as defined by ~he Center for Resource Solutions (CRS) Green-e producl certification requirements. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the owner or other respor sible party, docum,enting that the supplied renewable power is equal to 50% of the projects energy consumption and the sources meet the Greer~- e definition of renewable energy. [] Provide a copy of the two-year electric utility purchase contract for powe generated from renewable sources. Potential Technologies & Strategies Determine the energy needs of the building and investigate opportunities to engage in green power contract with the local utility. Green power is derived from solar, wind, ge( thermal, biomass or low-impact hydro sources. Green power may be procured from a Green-e certified power marketer, a Green-e accredited utility program, through Green- certified Tradable Renewable Certificates, or from a supply that meets the Green-e renew able power definition.Visit www. green-e.org for details about the Green-e program. U S Green Building Council 32 I ss wE F^ maEC ! Materials & Resources .. Prerequisite ~ I Storage & Collection of Recyclables Required Intent Facilitate the reduction of waste generated by building occupants that is hauled to and disposed of in landfills. Requirements Provide an easily accessible area that serves the entire building and is dedi- cated to the separation, collection and storage of materials for recycling includ- ing (at a minimum) paper, corrugated cardboard, glass, plastics and metals. submittals UI Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect or owner, de- claring that the area dedicated to recycling is easily accessible and ac- commodates the building's recycling needs. [] Provide a plan showing the area(s) dedicated to recycled material collec- tion and storage. Potential Technologies & Strategies Designate an area for recyclable collection and storage that is appropriately sized and located in a convenient area. Identify local waste handlers and buyers for glass, plastic, office paper, newspaper, cardboard and organic wastes. Instruct occupants on building recycling procedures. Consider em- ploying cardboard balers, aluminum can crushers, recycling chutes and other waste management technologies to further enhance the recycling program. LEEDTM Rating System ;ion 2.1 33 SS WE EAI~I[~EQ ID Credit 1.1 1 Point Building Reuse: Maintain 75% of Existing Walls, Floors and Roof Intent Extend the life cycle of existing building stock, conserve resources, retai~ cultural resources, reduce waste and reduce environmental impacts of ney buildings as they relate to materials manufacturing and transport. Requirements Maintain at least 75% of existing building structure and shell (exterior ski~ and framing, excluding window assemblies and non-structural roofing material). Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, owner or oth~ responsible party, listing the retained elements and declaring that th credit requirements have been met. Potential Technologies & Strategies Consider reuse of existing buildings, including structure, shell and non-shel elements. Remove elements that pose contamination risk to building occu pants and upgrade outdated components such as windows, mechanical sys tems and plumbing fixtures. Quantify the extent of building reuse. U S Green Building Council 34 SS IWE EA 1~'~ FQ ID I Credit 1.2 I Building Reuse: 1 Point Maintain 100% of Existing Walls, Floors and Roof in addition MR 1.1 Intent Extend the life cycle of existing building stock, conserve resources, retain cultural resources, reduce waste and reduce environmental impacts of new b~zildings as they relate to materials manufacturing and transport. Requirements Maintain an additional 25% (100% total) of existing building structure and shell (exterior skin and framing, excluding window assemblies and non- structural roofing material). Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, owner or other responsible party, demonstrating the retained elements and declaring that the credit requirements have been met. Potential Technologies & Strategies Consider reuse of existing buildings, including structure, shell and non,shell elements. Remove elements that pose contamination risk to building occu- pants and upgrade outdated components such as windows, mechanical sys- tems and plumbing fixtures. Quantify the extent of building reuse. LEEDTM Rating System Ve 'sion 2.1 35 Credit 1.3 1 Point Building Reuse: Maintain 100% of Shell/Structure and 50°/~ in addition to of Non-Shell/Non-Structure MR1.1 and1.2 Intent Extend the life cycle of existing building stock, conserve resources, retai: cultural resources, reduce waste and reduce environmental impacts of ne~ buildings as they relate to materials manufacturing and transport. Requirements Maintain 100% of existing building structure and shell (exterior skin an~ framing, excluding window assemblies and non-structural roofing material AND at least 50% of non-shell areas (interior walls, doors, floor coverin and ceiling systems). Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, owner or oth responsible party, demonstrating the retained elements and declaring th= the credit requirements have been met. Potential Technologies & Strategies Consider reuse of existing buildings, including structure, shell and non-she elements. Remove elements that pose contamination risk to building occu- pants and upgrade outdated components such as windows, mechanical sy., terns and plumbing fixtures. Quantify the extent of building reuse. U S Green Building Council 36 SS WE EAI~I~tEC ID Credit 2.1 Construction Waste ,Management: I Point Divert 50% From Landfill Intent Divert construction, demolition and land clearing debris from landfill dis- posal. Redirect recyclable recovered resources back to the manufacturing process. Redirect reusable materials to appropriate sites. Requirements Develop and implement a waste management plan, quantifying material di- version goals. Recycle and/or salvage at least 50% of construction, demoli- tion and land clearing waste. Calculations can be done by weight or volume, but must be consistent throughout. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, owner or other responsible party, tabulating the total waste material, quantities diverted and the means by which diverted, and declaring that the credit require- ments have been met. Potential Technologies & Strategies Establish goals for landfill diversion and adopt a construction waste manage- ment plan to achieve these goals. Consider recycling land clearing debris, cardboard, metal,' brick, concrete, plastic, clean wood, glass, gypsum wall- board, carpet and insulation. Designate a specific area on the construction site for recycling and track recycling efforts throughout the construction pro- cess. Identify construction haulers and recyclers to handle the designated materials. Note that salvage may include donation of materials to charitable organizations such as Habitat for Humanity. LEEDTM Rating System rsion 2.1 37 ss wEI EA ,~.~ ~QIID Credit 2.2 1 Point Construction Waste Management: in addition to Divert 75% From Landfill MR2.1 Intent Divert construction, demolition and land clearing debris from landfill dis posal. Redirect recyclable recovered resources back to the manufacturin process. Redirect reusable materials to appropriate sites. Requirements Develop and implement a waste management plan, quantifying material d5 version goals. Recycle and/or salvage an additional 25% (75% total) of con- struction, demolition and land clearing waste. Calculations can be done b' weight or volume, but must be consistent throughout. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, owner or oth~ responsible party, tabulating the total waste material, quantities diverte~ and the means by which diverted, and declaring that the credit require- ments have been met. Potential Technologies & Strategies Establish goals for landfill diversion and adopt a construction waste manag~ ment plan to achieve these goals. Consider recycling land clearing debri cardboard, metal, brick, concrete, plastic, clean wood, glass, gypsum wal board, carpet and insulation. Designate a specific area on the constructio site for recycling and track recycling efforts throughout the construction pre cess. Identify construction haulers and recyclers to handle the designate, materials. Note that salvage may include donation of materials to charitabie organizations such as Habitat for Humanity. U S Green Building Council 38 SS WEIEAI~M:tEC lID Credit 3.1 Resource Reuse: 5% 1 Point Intent Reuse building materials and products in order to reduce demand for virgin materials and to reduce waste, thereby reducing impacts associated with the extraction and processing of virgin resources. Requirements Use salvaged, refurbished or reused materials, products and furnishings for at least 5% of building materials. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, owner or other responsible party, declaring that the credit requirements have been met and listing each material or product used to meet the credit. Include details demonstrating that the project incorporates the required percent- age of reused materials and products and showing their costs and the total cost of materials for the project. Potential Technologies & Strategies Identify opportunities to incorporate salvaged materials into building design and research potential material suppliers. Consider salvaged materials such as beams and posts, flooring, paneling, doors and frames, cabinetry and furniture, brick and decorative items. LEEDTM Rating System V, fion 2.1 39 Credit 3.2 1 Point Resource Reuse: 10% in addition to ~ MR 3.1 Intent Reuse building materials and products in order to reduce demand for virgi materials and to reduce waste, thereby reducing impacts associated w~th the extraction and processing of virgin resources. Requirements Use salvaged, refurbished or reused materials, products and furnishings for least 10% of building materials. Submittals UI Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed' by the architect, owner or othe responsible party, declaring that the credit requirements have been me and listing each material or product used to meet the credit. Includ!e details demonstrating tt~at the project incorporates the required percenl- age of reused materials and products and showing their costs and th total cost of all materials for the project. Potential Technologies & Strategies Identify opportunities to incorporate salvaged materials into building desib, and research potential material suppliers. Consider salvaged materials such as beams and pOsts, flooring, paneling, doors and frames, cabinetry an furniture, brick and decorative items. U S Green Building Council 4O ss wE EA Credit 4.1 Recycled Content: 5% (post-consumer + V2 post-industrial) 1 Point Intent Increase demand for building products that incorporate recycled content materials, therefore reducing impacts resulting from extraction and process- ing of new virgin materials. Requirements Use materials with recycled content such that the sum of post-consumer recycled content plus one-half of the post-industrial content constitutes at least 5% of the total value of the materials in the project. The value of the recycled content portion of a material or furnishing shall be determined by dividing the weight of recycled content in the item by the total weight of all material in the item, then multiplying the resulting percentage by the total value of the item. Mechanical and electrical components shall not be included in this calcula- tion. Recycled content materials shall be defined in accordance with the Fed- eral Trade Commission document, Guides for the Use of £nvironmental Marketing Claims, 16 CFR 260.7 (e), a3ailable at www. ftc.gov/bcp/grnrule/ guides980427.htm. Potential Technologies & Strategies Establish a project goal for recycled content materials and identify material suppliers that can achieve this goal. During construction, ensure that the specified recycled content materials are installed and quantify the total per- centage of recycled content materials installed. Submittals Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, owner or other responsible party, declaring that the credit requirements have been met and listing the recycled content products used. Include details demon- strating that the project incorporates the required percentage of recycled content materials and products and showing their cost and percentage(s) of post-consumer and/or post-industrial content, and the total cost of all materials for the project. LEEDTM Rating System Version 2.1 41 I ss IwE E^,,~,~ ~QI ~D! Credit 4.2 1 ?oint Recycled Content: 10% (post-consumer + 1/2 post-industrial) in addition to M R 4.1 Intent Increase demand for building products that incorporate recycled conter materials, therefore reducing the impacts resulting from extraction and pro cessing of new virgin materials. Requirements USe materials with recycled content such that the sum Of post-consume recycled content plus one-half of the post-industrial content constitutes least 10% of the total value of the materials in the project. hall The value of the recycled content portion of a material or furnishing s determined by dividing the weight of recycled content in the item by the totil weight of all material in the item, then multiplying the resulting percentage by the total value of the item. Mechanical and electrical comPonents shal1 not be included in this calculi- tion. Recycled content materials shall be defined in accordance with the Feo- eral Trade Commission document, Guides for the Use of Environmental Marketir~ Claims, 16 CFR 260.7 (e), available at www. ftc.gov/bcp/grnrule/ guides980427.htm. Submittals Ul Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, owner or oth~ r responsible party, declaring that the credit requirements have been m~t and listing the recycled content products used. Include details demon- strating that the project incorporates the required percentage of recycle{d content materials and products and showing their cost and percentage(!) of post-consumer and/or post-industrial content, and the total cost of all materials for the project. Potential Technologies & Strategies Establish a project goal for recycled content materials and identify matern suppliers that can achieve this goal. During construction, ensure that th specified recycled content materials are installed and quantify the total pel centage of recycled content materials installed. U S Green Building Council 42 ss w~ ~^ ~,aa ~ i~ Credit ~.1 Regional Materials: 20% manufactured regionally 1 Point Intent Increase demand for building materials and products that are extracted and manufactured within the region, thereby supporting the regional economy and reducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation . Requirements Use a minimum of 20% of building materials and products that are manufac- tured* regionally within a radius of 500 miles. * Manufacturing refers to the final assembly of components into the building product that is furnished and installed by the tradesmen. For example, if the hardware comes from Dallas, Texas, the lumber from Vancouver, British Columbia, and the joist is assembled in Kent, Washington; then the location of the final assembly is Kent, Washington. Submittals Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect or responsible party, declaring that the credit requirements have been met. Include cal- culations demonstrating that the project incorporates the required per- centage 'of regional materials/products and showing their cost, percent- age of regional components, distance from project to manufacturer, and the total cost of all materials for the project. Potential Technologies & Strategies Establish a project goal for locally sourced materials and identify materials and material suppliers that can achieve this goal. During construction, ensure that the specified local materials are installed and quantify the total percent- age of local materials installed. LEEDTM Rating System Ve'sion 2.1 43 SS WEI~':IMR EQ ID I ! Credit 2.2 Renewable Energy: 10% 1 Point in addition Intent EA 2.1 Encourage and recognize increasing levels of self-supply through renewable technologies to reduce environmental impacts associated with fossil fuel en- ergy use. Requirements Supply at least 10% of the building's total energy use (as expressed as a fraction of annual energy cost) through the use of on-site renewable energy systems. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, owner or re- sponsible party, declaring that at least 10% of the building's energy is provided by on-site renewable energy. Include a narrative describing on- site renewable energy systems installed in the building and calculations demonstrating that at least 10% of total energy costs are supplied by the renewable energy system(s). Potential Technologies & Strategies Assess the project for non-polluting renewable energy potential including solar, wind, geothermal, low-impact hydro, biomass and bio-gas strategies. When applying these strategies, take advantage of net metering with the local utility,. LEEDTM Rating System 2.1 27 ss wEl E^ ,~-~.~ ~c~l ~D Credit 5.2 1 Point Regional Materials: 50% extracted regionally in addition to MR 5.1 Intent Increase demand for building materials and products that are extracted am manufactured within the region, thereby supporting the regional econom'. and reducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation. Requirements Of the regionally manufactured materials documented for MR Credit 5.1, us a minimum of 50% of building materials and products that are extracted harvested or recovered (as well as manufactured) within 500 miles of the project site Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect or responsible part declaring that the credit requirements have been met. Include calculations dem onstrating that the project incorporates the required percentage of regional mate rials/products and showing their cost, percentage of regional components, dis tance from project to manufacturer, and the total cost of all materials for the projec~ Potential Technologies & Strategies Establish a project goal for locally sourced materials and identify materia and material suppliers that can achieve this goal. During construction, ensur that the specified local materials are installed and quantify the total percem age of local materials installed. U S Green Building Council 44 ss wE EA f,,,la Credit Rapidly Renewable Materials 1 Point Intent Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials and long-cycle renewable materi- als by replacing them with rapidly renewable materials. Requirements Use rapidly renewable building materials and products (made from plants that are typically harvested within a ten-year cycle or shorter) for 5% of the total value of all building materials and products used in the project. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect or responsible party, declaring that the credit requirements have been met. Include cal- culations demonstrating that the project incorporates the required per- centage of rapidly renewable products. Show their cost and percentage of rapidly renewable components, and the total cost of all materials for the project. Potential Technologies & Strategies Establish a project goal for rapidly renewable materials and identify materials and suppliers that can achieve this goal. Consider materials such as bamboo flooring, wool carpets, straw board, cotton batt insulation, linoleum flooring, poplar OSB, sunflower seed board, wheatgrass cabinetry and others. During construction, ensure that the specified rapidly renewable materials are installed. 'LEEDTM Rating System Version 2.1 45 SS WE EA I~I~EQ ID Credit 7 1 Point Certified Wood Intent ~ Encourage environmentally responsible forest management. Requirements Use a minimum of 50% of wood-based materials and products, certified accordance with the Forest Stewardship Council's Principles and Criteria, fo wood building components including, but not limited to, structural framin and general dimensional framing, flooring, finishes, furnishings, and nor rented temporary construction applications such as bracing, concrete forn work and pedestrian barriers. Submittals Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, owner or re sponsible party, declaring that the credit requirements have been me and listing the FSC-certified materials and products used. Include calcula tions demonstrating that the project incorporates the required percentag of FSC-certified materials/products and their cost together with the totf cost of all materials for the project. For each material/product used t meet these requirements, provide the vendor's or manufacturer's Fores Stewardship Council chain-of-custody certificate number. Potential Technologies & Strategies Establish a project goal for FSC-certified wood products and identify suppl ers that can achieve this goal. During construction, ensure that the FSC-cert fied wood products are installed and quantify the total percentage of FSC certified wood products installed. U S Green Building Council 46 Indoor Environmental Quality ~ wE E^IMRI.~:i,D . Prerequisite Minimum IAQ Performance Required Intent Establish minimum indoor air quality (IAQ) performance to prevent the de- velopment of indoor air quality problems in buildings, thus contributing to the comfort and well-being of the occupants. Requirements Meet the minimum requirements of voluntary consensus standard ASHRAE 62-1999, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, and approved Ad- denda (see ASHRAE 62-2001, Appendix H, for a complete compilation of Addenda) using the Ventilation Rate Procedure. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the mechanical engineer or responsible party, declaring that the project is fully compliant with ASHRAE 62-1999 and all published Addenda and describing the procedure em- ployed in the IAQ analysis (Ventilation Rate Procedure). Potential Technologies & Strategies Design the HVAC system to meet the ventilation requirements of the refer- enced standard. Identify potential IAQ problems on the site and locate air intakes away from contaminant sources. LEEDTM Rating System V, sion 2.1 47 SS WEI EA MRI3~ ID Prerequisite 2 Requ ired Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Intent Prevent exposure of building occupants and systems to Environmental To bacco Smoke (ETS). Requirements Zero exposure of non-smokers to ETS by EITHER: · prohibiting smoking in the building and locating any exterior desi nated smoking areas away from entries and operable windows; OR · providing a designated smoking room designed to effectively eo~ rain, capture and remove ETS froTM the building. At a minimum, thte smoking room must be directly exhausted to the outdoors with n~ recirculation of ETS-containing air to the non-smoking area of thI building, enclosed with impermeable deck-to-deck partitions an, operated at a negative pressure compared with the surrounding space of at least 7 PA (0.03 inches of water gauge). · Performance of the smoking rooms shall be verified by using trace gas testing methods as described in the ASHRAE Standard 129-1995 Acceptable exposure in non-smoking areas is defined as less than 1°, of the tracer gas concentration in the smoking room detectable in th adjoining non-smoking areas. Smoking room testing as described ASHRAE Standard 129-1997 is required in the contract documer and critical smoking facility systems testing results must be include in the building commissioning plan and report or as a separate docu ment. Submittals Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the building owner or sponsible party, declaring that the building will be operated under policy prohibiting smoking. OR [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the mechanical engineer c responsible party, declaring and demonstrating that designated smokin rooms are exhausted to the outdoors with no recirculation of ETS-cor taining air to the non-smoking area of the building, enclosed with impe~ meable deck-to-deck partitions, operated at a negative pressure con~ pared with the surrounding spaces of at least 7 PA (0.03 inches of watt gauge), and performance has been verified using the method describe:l in the credit requirements. U.S. Green Building Council 48 SS WEI EA MRL~[D Prerequisite 2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Requi red (continued) Potential Technologies & Strategies Prohibit smoking in the building or provide separate smoking rooms with isolated ventilation systems. LEEDTM Rating System Ve'sion 2.1 49 SS ]WE] EA [MRI_~i ID Credit I Point Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Monitoring Intent Provide capacity for indoor air quality (IAQ) monitoring to help sustain Ion term occupant comfort and well-being. Requirements Install a permanent carbon dioxide (CO=) monitoring system that provid feedback on space ventilation performance in a form that affords operation: adjustments. Refer to the CO2 differential for all types of occupancy in accoi dance with ASHRAE 62-2001, Appendix D. Submittals Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the mechanical engineer responsible party, declaring and summarizing the installation, operation: design and controls/zones for the carbon dioxide monitoring system. Fc mixed-use buildings, calculate CO2 levels for each separate activity lew and use. Potential Technologies & Strategies Design the HVAC system with carbon dioxide monitoring sensors and int¢ grate these sensors with the building automation system (BAS). U.S. Green Building Council 50 Credit 2 Ventilation Effectiveness 1 Point Intent Provide for the effective delivery and mixing of fresh air to support the safety, comfort and well-being of building occupants. Requirements For mechanically ventilated buildings, design ventilation systems that result in an air change effectiveness (Eac) greater than or equal to 0.9 as determined by ASHRAE 129-1997. For naturally ventilated spaces demonstrate a distribution and laminar flow pattern that involves not tess than 90% of the room or zone area in the direction of air flow for at least 95% of hours of occupancy. Submittals F-I For mechanically ventilated spaces: provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the mechanical engineer or responsible party, declaring that the design achieves an air change effectiveness (Eac) of 0.9 or greater in each ventilated zone. Complete the table summarizing the air change effectiveness achieved for each zone. OR [] For mechanically ventilated spaces: provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the mechanical engineer or responsible party, declaring that the design complies with the recommended design approaches in ASHRAE 2001 Funda- mentals Chapter 32, Space Air DifFusion. OR E3 For naturally ventilated spaces: provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the mechanical engineer or responsible party, declaring that the de- sign provides effective ventilation in at least 90% of each room or zone area in the direction of airflow for at least 95% of hours of occupancy. Include a table summarizing the airflow simulation results for each zone. Include sketches indicating the airflow pattern for each zone. Potential Technologies & Strategies Design the HVAC system and building envelope to optimize air change effec- tiveness. Air change effectiveness can be optimized using a variety of ventila- tion strategies including displacement ventilation, low-velocity ventilation, plug-flow ventilation such as under floor or near floor delivery, and operable windows. Test the air change effectiveness of the building after construction. LEEDTM Rating System Version 2.1 51 WEI FA MRL~I ID! Credit 3.1 1 Point Construction IAQ Management Plan: During Construction Intent Prevent indoor air quality problems resulting from the construction/renov: tion process in order to help sustain the comfort and well-being of construc tion workers and building og.cupants. Requirements 'Develop and implement an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan fo the construction and pre-occupancy phases of the building as follows: · During construction meet or'exceed the recommended Design Ap proaches of the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning National Contrac tors Association (SMACNA) IAQ Guideline for Occupied Building under Construction, 1995, Chapter 3. · Protect stored on-site or installed absorptive materials from moisrur damage. · If air handlers must be used during construction, filtration media witl .... a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) of 8 must be used each return air grill, as determined by ASHRAE 52.2-1999. · Replace all filtration media immediately prior to occupancy. Filt~-! tion media shall have a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) of 13, as determined by ASHRAE 52.2-1999 for media installed at th end of construction. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the general contractor c responsible party, declaring that a Constuction IAQ Management Pla has been developed and implemented, and listing each air filter use during construction and at the end of construction. Include the MER' value, manufacturer name and model number. AND EITHER photographs taken on three different occ: [] Provide 18 photographs six - sions during construction along with identification of the SMACNA a~- proach featured by each photograph, in order to show consistent adhet- ence to the credit requirements [] Declare the five Design Approaches of SMACNA IAQ Guideline cupied Buildings under Construction, 1995, Chapter 3, which we during building construction. Include a brief description of some of tlc e important design approaches employed. U.S. Green Building Council SS WE EA MRI~J ID Credit 3.1 Construction IAQ Management Plan: During Construction I Point (continued) Potential Technologies & Strategies Adopt an IAQ management plan to protect the HVAC system during con- struction, control pollutant sources and interrupt contamination pathways. Sequence the installation of materials to avoid contamination of absorptive materials such as insulation, carpeting, ceiling tile and gypsum wall board. LEEDTM Rating System V, ;ion 2.1 53 Credit 3.2 1 Point Construction IAQ Management Plan: Before Occupancy Intent Prevent indoor air quality.problems resulting from the construction/renova. tion process in order to help sustain the comfort and well-being of construc. tion workers and building occupants. Requirements Develop and implement an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan fo the pre-occupancy phase as follows: · After construction ends and prior to occupancy conduct a minimun two-week building flush-out with new Minimum Efficiency ReportinI Value (MERV) 13 filtration media at 100%?outside air. After the flush out, replace the filtration media with new MERV 13 filtration media except, the filters solely processing outside air. OR · Conduct a baseline indoor air quality testing procedure consister with the United States Environmental Protection Agency's current Pro tocol for Environmental Requirements, Baseline IAQ and Materials, for the Re search Triangle Park Campus, Section 01445. Submittals UI Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, general con tractor or responsible party, describing the building flush-out procedure and dates. OR Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect or responsib party, declaring that the referenced standard's IAQ testing protocol ha been followed. Include a copy of the testing results. Potential Technologies & Strategies Prior to occupancy, perform a two week building flush-out or test the cot taminant levels in the building. U.S. Green Building Council 54 ss wE EA MRI_~I ID Credit 4.1 Low-Emitting Materials: Adhesives & Sealants 1 Point Intent Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, potentially irritating and/or harmful to the comfort and well-being of installers and occu- pants. Requirements The VOC content of adhesives and sealants used must be less than the cur- rent VOC content limits of South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule #1168, AND all sealants used as fillers must meet or exceed the requirements of the Bay Area Air Quality Management District Regulation 8, Rule 51. Submittals Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect or responsible party, listing the adhesives and sealants used in the building and declar- ing that they meet the noted requirements. Potential Technologies & Strategies Specify Low-VOC materials in construction documents. Ensure that VOC lim~ its are clearly stated in each section where adhesives and sealants are ad- dressed. LEEDTM Rating System V sion 2.1 ss IwEI E^ Mum no Credit 4.2 1 Point Low-Emitting Materials: Paints and Coatings Intent Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, potentiall' irritating and/or harmful to the comfort and well-being of installers and occu. pants. Requirements VOC emissions from paints and coatings must not exceed the VOC and chemi. cai component limits of Green Seal's Standard GS-11 requirements. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect or responsibl6 party, listing all the interior paints and coatings used in the building thak are addressed by Green Seal Standard GS-11 and stating that they compl] with the current VOC and chemical component limits of the standard. Potential Technologies & Strategies Specify Low-VOC paints and coatings in construction documents. Ensure th: VOC limits are clearly stated in each section where paints are addressed. U.S. Green Building Council 56 SS WE EA MRIO I ID Credit 4.3 Low-Emitting Materials: Carpet 1 Point Intent Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, potentially irritating and/or harmful to the comfort and well-being of installers and occu- pants, Requirements Carpet systems must meet or exceed the requirements of the Carpet and Rug Institute's Green Label Indoor Air Quality Test Program. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect or responsible party, listing all the carpet systems used in the building and stating that they comply with the current VOC limits of the Carpet and Rug Institute's Green Label Indoor Air Quality Test Program. Potential Technologies & Strategies Specify Low-VOC carpet products and systems in construction documents. Ensure that VOC limits are clearly stated where carpet systems are addressed. LEEDTM Rating System V, sion 2.1 57 SS IWEI EAIMRm] ID! Credit 4.4 1 Point Low-Emitting Materials: Composite Wood Intent Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, potentialb irritating and/or harmful to the comfort and well-being of installers and occd pants. Requirements Composite wood and agrifiber products must contain no added urea-formal dehyde resins. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect or responsib party, listing all the composite wood products used in the building an~ stating that they contain no added urea-formaldehyde resins. Potential Technologies & Strategies Specify wood and agrifiber products that contain no added urea-formalde hyde resins. U.S. Green Building Council 58 SS IWE[ EA MRI~I ID I Credit 5 I Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control 1 Point Intent Avoid exposure of building occupants to potentially hazardous chemicals that adversely impact air quality. Requirements Design to minimize pollutant cross-contamination of regularly occupied areas: Employ permanent entryway systems (grills, grates, etc.) to capture dirt, particulates, etc. from entering the building at all high volume entryways. · Where chemical use occurs (including housekeeping areas and copy- ing/printing rooms), provide segregated areas with deck to deck par- titions with separate outside exhaust at a rate of at least 0.50 cubic feet per minute per square foot, no air re-circulation and maintaining a negative pressure of at least 7 PA (0.03 inches of water gauge). · Provide drains plumbed for appropriate disposal of liquid waste in spaces where water and chemical concentrate mixing occurs. Submittals Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect or responsible party, declaring that: · Permanent entryway systems (grilles, grates, etc.) to capture dirt, par- ticulates, etc. are provided at all high volume entryways. · Chemical use areas and copy rooms have been physically separated with deck-to-deck partitions; independent exhaust ventilation has been installed at 0.50 cfm/square foot and that a negative pressure differ- ential of 7 PA has been achieved. · In spaces where water and chemical concentrate mixing occurs, drains are plumbed for environmentally appropriate disposal of liquid waste. Potential Technologies & Strategies Design separate exhaust and plumbing systems for rooms with contaminants to achieve physical isolation from the rest of the building. Install permanent architectural entryway systems such as grills or grates to prevent occupant- borne contaminants from entering the building. LEEDTM Rating System V( 'sion 2.1 59 SS WF EA IMR~'~ ID! Credit 6.1 1 pOint Controllability of Systems': Perimeter Spaces Intent Provide a high level of thermal, ventilation and lighting system control individual occupants or specific groups in multi-occupant spaces (i.e. class rooms or conference areas) to promote the productivity, comfort and well being of building occupants. Requirements Provide at least an average of one operable window and one lighting contro zone per 200 square feet for all regularly occupied areas within 15 feet of th, perimeter ,vall. Submittals Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect or responsibl, party, demonstrating and declaring that for regularly occupied perimete areas of the building a minimum of one operable window and one light ing control zone are provided per 200 square feet on average. Potential Technologies & Strategies Design the building with occupant controls for airflow, temperature and light ing. Strategies to consider include lighting controls, task lighting and oper able windows. U.S. Green Building Council 60 Credit 6.2 Controllability of Systems: Non-Perimeter Spaces 1 Point Intent Provide a high level of thermal, ventilation and lighting system control by individual occupants or specific groups in multi-occupant spaces (i.e. class- rooms or conference areas) to promote the productivity, comfort and well- being of building occupants. Requirements Provide controls for each individual for airflow, temperature and lighting for at least 50% of the occupants in non-perimeter, regularly occupied areas. Submittals Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect or responsible party, demonstrating and declaring that controls for individual airflow, temperature and lighting are provided for at least 50% of the occupants in non-perimeter, regularly occupied areas. Potential Technologies & Strategies Design the building with occupant controls for airflow, temperature and light- ing. Strategies to consider include task lighting and underfloor HVAC systems with individual diffusers. LEEDTM Rating System V, sion 2.1 61 ss wEI E^ IMR ! ,D Credit 7.1 I Point Thermal Comfort: Compliance with ASHRAE 55-1992 Intent Provide a thermally comfortable environment that supports the productivit and well-being of building occupants. Requirements Comply with ASHRAE Standard' 55-1992, Addenda 1995, for thermal comfo standards including humidity control within established ranges per climat zone. For' naturally ventilated buildings, utilize the adaptive comfort tem perature boundaries, using the 90% acceptability limits as defined in th California High Performance Schools (CHPS) Best Practices Manual, Appen dix C - A Field Based Thermal Comfort Standard for Naturally Ventilate~ Buildings, Figure 2. Submittals [] For mechanically ventilated spaces: provide the LEED Letter Template signed by the engineer or responsible party, declaring that the projec complies with ASHRAE Standard 55-1992, Addenda 1995. Include a tabl that identifies each thermally controlled zone, and that summarizes fo each zone the temperature and humidity control ranges and the metho, of control used. OR [] For naturally ventilated spaces: provide.the LEED Letter Template, signe by the engineer or responsible party declaring that the project complie with the 90% acceptability limits of the adaptive comfort temperatur boundaries in the California High Performance Schools (CHPS) Best Pra( tices Manual Appendix C - A Field Based Thermal Comfort Standard fc Naturally Ventilated Buildings, Figure 2. Potential Technologies & Strategies Establish temperature and humidity comfort ranges and design the buildi: g envelope and HVAC system to maintain these comfort ranges. U.S. Green Building Council 62 Credit 7.2 I Thermal Comfort: Permanent Monitoring System 1 Point in addition Intent EQ 7.1 Provide a thermally comfortable environment that supports the productivity and well-being of building occupants. Requirements Install a permanent temperature and humidity monitoring system configured to provide operators control over thermal comfort performance and the ef- fectiveness of humidification and/or dehumidification systems in the build- ing. Submittals Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the engineer or responsible party, declaring that a permanent temperature and humidity monitoring system will operate throughout all seasons to permit control of the build- ing zones within the seasonal thermal comfort ranges defined in ASHRAE 55-1992, Addenda 1995. Confirm that the temperature and humidity con- trois were (or will be) tested as part of the scope of work for Energy and Atmosphere Prerequisite 1, Fundamental Building Systems Commission- ing. Include the document name and section number where the commis- sioning work is listed. Potential Technologies & Strategies Establish temperature and humidity comfort ranges and design the building envelope and HVAC system to maintain these comfort ranges. Install and maintain a temperature and humidity monitoring system in the building to automatically adjust building conditions as appropriate. LEEDTM Rating System Ve ;ion 2.1 63 Credit 8.1 1 Point Daylight and Views: Daylight 75% of Spaces Intent d Provide for the building occupants a connection between indoor spaces an the outdoors through the introduction of daylight and views into the regu lady occupied areas of the building. Requirements Achieve a minimum Daylight Factor of 2% (excluding all direct sunlight pen etration) in 75% of all space occupied for critical visual tasks. Spaces ext cluded from this requirement include copy rooms, storage areas, mechanical plant rooms, laundry and other low occupancy support areas. Other excepI- tions for spaces where tasks would be hindered by the use of daylight will b~e considered on their merits. Submittals [] Provide the LEED Letter Template signed by the architect or responsibl party. Provide area calculations that define the daylight zone and provid prediction calculations or daylight simulation. Potential Technologies & Strategies Design the building to maximize interior daylighting. Strategies to consider include building orientation, shallow floor plates, increased building perim eter, exterior and interior permanent shading devices, high performance glazin and photo-integrated light sensors. Predict daylighting via calculations ¢ model daylighting strategies with a physical or computer model to asse.~s footcandle levels and daylight factors achieved. U.S. Green Building Council 64 SS WE £A MRI~I ID Credit 8.2 Daylight and Views: Views for 90% of Spaces 1 Po'iht ~ Intent Provide for the building occupants a connection between indoor spaces and the outdoors through the introduction of daylight and views into the regu- larly occupied areas of the building. Requirements Achieve direct line of sight to vision glazing for building occupants in 90% of all regularly occupied spaces. Examples of exceptions include copy rooms, storage areas, mechanical, laundry and other low occupancy support areas. Other exceptions will be considered on their merits. Submittals Provide the LEED Letter Template and calculations describing, demon- strating and declaring that the building occupants in 90% of regularly occupied spaces will have direct lines of site to perimeter glazing. Pro- vide drawings highlighting the direct line of sight zones. Potential Technologies & Strategies Design the building to maximize view opportunities. LEEDTM Rating System Version 2.1 65 SS WE EA'MR EQIIII Credit I Innovation& Design Process 1-4 Points Innovation in Design Intent To provide design teams and projects the opportunity to be awarded point: for exceptional performance above the requirements set by the LEED Greet Building Rating System and/or innovative performance in Green Buildin{ categories not specifically addressed by the LEED Green Building Rating Sys. tem. Requirements' Credit 1.1 (1 point) In writing, identify the intent of the proposed innova tion credit, the proposed requirement for comPliance the proposed submittals to demonstrate compliance and the design approach (strategies) that might be use{ to meet the requirements. Credit 1.2 (1 point) Same as Credit 1.1 Credit 1.3 (1 point) Same as Credit 1.1 Credit 1.4 (1 point) Same as Credit 1.1 Submittals [] Provide the proposal(s) within the LEED Letter Template (including ir tent, requirement, submittals and possible strategies) and relevant evi deuce of performance achieved. Potential Technologies & Strategies Substantially exceed a LEED performance credit such as energy performam or water efficiency. Apply strategies or measures that'are not covered b LEED such as acoustic performance, education of occupants, communit development or lifecycle analysis of material choices. U S Green Building Council 66 Credit 2.1 LEED Accredited Professional 1 Point Intent To support and encourage the design integration required by a LEED Green Building project and to streamline the application and certification process. Requirement At least one principal participant of the project team that has successfully completed the LEED Accredited Professional exam Submittals Provide the LEED Letter Template stating the LEED Accredited Professional's name, title, company and contact information. Include a copy of this person's LEED Accredited Professional Certificate. Potential Technologies & Strategies Attending a LEED Accredited Professional Training Workshop is recommended but not required. Study the LEED Reference Guide. Successfully pass the LEED accreditation exam. LEEDTM Rating System V 'sion 2.1 67 The Costs and Financial Benefits of Green Buildings A Report to California's Sustainable Building Task Force October 2003 Principal Author: Greg Kats, Capital E Contributing Authors: Leon Alevantis, Department of Health Services Adam Berman, Capital E Evan Mills, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Jeff Perlman, Capital E This report was developed for the Sustainable Building Task Force, a group of over 40 California state government agencies. Funding for this study was provided by the Air Resources Board (ARB), California Integrated Waste Management Board CIWMB), Department of Finance (DOF), Department of General Services (DGS), Deparmaent of Transportation (Caltrans), Department of Water Resources (DWR), and Division of the State Architect (DSA). This collaborative effort was made possible through the contributions of Capital E, Future Resources Associates, Task Force members, and the United States Green Building Council. ATTACH lENT 3 Executive Summary Integrating "sustainable" or "green" building practices into the construction of state buildings is a solid financial investment. In the most comprehensive analysis of the financial costs and benefits of green building conducted to date, this report finds that a minimal upfront investment of about two percent of construction costs typicallY yields life cycle savings of over ten times the initial investment. For example, an initial upfront investment of up to $100,000 to incorporate green building features into a $5 million project would result in a savings of at least $1 million over the life of the building, assumed conservatively to be 20 years.] The financial benefits of green buildings include lower energy, waste disposal, and water costs, lower environmental and emissions costs, lower operations and maintenance costs, and savings from increased productivity and health. These benefits range from being fairly predictable (energy, waste, and water savings) to relatively uncertain (productivity/health benefits). Energy and water savings can be predicted with reasonable precision, measured, and monitored over time. In contrast, productivity and health gains are much less precisely understood and far harder to predict with accuracy. There is now a very large body of research, reviewed in this report, which demonstrates significant and causal correlation between improvements in building comfort and control measures, and worker health and productivity. However, these studies vary widely in specific measured correlations. Further, there has been relatively little work completed to evaluate specific, measurable benefits from green building design in California. Clearly, the benefits are significant and not zero, but the data supports a broad range of calculated benefits ~- in contrast to the more precisely measurable energy, water, and waste savings. The financial benefits conclusions in this report should therefore be understood in this context. Energy, waste, and water savings as well as emissions reductions can be viewed, as fairly precise, reasonably conservative estimates of direct benefits that alone significantly exceed the marginal cost of building green. Health and productivity benefits can be viewed as reasonably conservative estimates within a large range of uncertainty. Further research is necessary to better quantify and capture the precise savings associated with these benefits. Additional studies might include such measures as evaluating green building effects on insured and uninsured health effects, employee turnover, worker well being and, where relevant (e.g. in schools), test scores. Background "Green" or "sustainable" buildings use key resources like energy, water, materials, and land much more efficiently than buildings that are simply built to code. They also create healthier work, learning, and living environments, with more natural light and cleaner air, and contribute to improved employee and student health, comfort, and productivity. Sustainable buildings are cost- effective, saving taxpayer dollars by reducing operations and maintenance costs, as well as by lowering utility bills. ] Although this report was written with specific regard to California state buildings, data is national in scope and conclusions are broadly applicable to other types of buildings and for other public and private sector entities. building.4 Sustainable buildings generally incur a "green premium" above the costs of standard construction. They also provide an array of financial and environmental benefits that conventional buildings do not. These benefits, such as energy savings, should be looked at through a life cycle cost methodology, not just evaluated in terms of upfront costs. From a life cycle savings standpoint, savings resulting from investment in sustainable design and construction dramatically exceed any additional upfront costs. It is generally recognized that buildings consume a large portion of water, wood, energy, and · other resources used in the economy. Green buildings provide a potentially promising way to help address a range of challenges facing California, such as: · The high cost of electric power. · Worsening electric grid constraints, with associated power quality and availability problems. · Pending water shortage and waste disposal issues. · Continued state and federal pressure to cut criteria pollutants. · Growing concern over the cost of global warming. · The rising incidence of allergies and asthma, especially in children. · The health and productivity of workers. · The effect of the physical school environment on children's abilities to learn. · Increasing expenses of maintaining and operating state facilities over time. Benefits include some elements that are relatively easy to quantify, such as energy and water savings, as well as those that are less easily quantified, such as the use of recycled content materials and improved indoor environmental quality. Prior to this report, no comprehensive analysis of the actual costs and financial benefits of green buildings had been completed, although there are a number of studies that do begin to address this very important issue. · In October 2002, the David and Lucille Packard Foundation released their Sustainability Matrix and Sustainability Report, developed to consider environmental goals for a new 90,000 square foot office facility. The study found that with each increasing level of sustainability (including various levels of LEED), short-term costs increased, but long-term costs decreased dramatically,s · A second, older study conducted by Xenergy for the City of Portland identified a 15% lifecycle savings associated with bringing three standard buildings up to USGBC LEED certification levels (with primary oppommities to save money associated with energy efficiency, water efficiency and use of salvaged materials).6 ~ Funding agencies include the Air Resources Board (ARB), California Integrated Waste Management Board (CIWMB), Department of Finance (DOF), Department of General Services (DGS), Department of Transportation (CalTrans) Department of Water Resources (DWR), and Division of the State Architect (DSA). 5 "Building for Sustainability: Six Scenarios for the David and Lucille Packard Foundation Los Altos Project," prepared for the David and Lucille Packard Foundation, October 2002. Available on-line at: http://www.packard.org/pdf/2002Report.pdf. 6 "Green City Buildings: Applying the LEED Rating System," prepared for the Portland Energy Office by Xenergy, Inc and SERA Architects, June 18, 2000. Available at: http://www.sustainableportland, or~CitvLEED.pdf. there is no single "right" answer. Nonetheless, the report underscores that based on the body of existing data, it is possible to determine reasonable, conservative estimates of financial benefits for a range of green building attributes. The report also reveals the need for further research and analysis. In all areas, consistently conservative assumptions were made m view of data limitations. Additional research will help to refine cost and benefit estimates and likely lead to increased financial benefit calculations for green building. Additionally, throughout the report, the reader is directed to online databases and publications for the most accurate and relevant information. In many instances, these referenced documents are available online, and URLs are provided in the footnotes. Conclusion The benefits of buildin~g green include cost savings from reduced energy, water, and waste; lower operations and maintenance costs; and enhanced occupant productivity and health. As Figure ES- l shows, analysis of these areas indicates that total financial benefits of green buildings are over ten times the average initial investment required to design and construct a green, building. Energy savings alone exceed the average increased cost associated with building green. Additionally, the relatively large impact of productivity and health gains reflects the fact that the direct and indirect cost of employees is far larger than the cost of construction or energy. Consequently, even small changes in productivity and health translate into large financial benefits. Figure ES-1. Financial Benefits of Green Buildings Summary of Findings (per ft2) Category 20-year NPV Energy Value $5.79 Emissions Value $1.18 Water Value $0.51 Waste Value (construction only) - 1 year $0.03 Commissioning O&M Value $8.47 Productivity and Health Value (Certified and Silver) $36,89 Productivity and Health Value (Gold and Platinum) $55.33 Less Green Cost Premium ($4.00) Total 20-year NPV (Certified and Silver) $48.87 Total 20-year NPV (Gold and Platinum) $67.31 Source: Capital E Analysis Despite data limitations and the need for additional research in various areas, the findings of this report point to a clear conclusion: building green is cost-effective and makes financial sense today. Geof Syphers et al. Managing the Cost of Green Bur dings 2% additional funds, provided the decision to go For projects with budgets of less than $5 m: Ilion, green is made early in design (Kats 2003). the LEED application and documentation p~ ocess can be a significant proportion of the added :osts. Findings that the cost of LEED is decreasing are According to Nigel Howard, vice president ~,f the also consistent with KEMA Xenergy's experience USGBC, '%Vhile LEED documentation costs c ~n be as low as $10,000 for an experienced team, this ap- ility ~:t working on 50 green building design assistance gen- projects for local government agencies. Company pears to be unusual. Most teams are worki:tg on '.s of ii research shows a significant difference between the their first LEED project and often report co~ts in · For- ~ an i1 cost of an entity's first LEED project and its subse- the range of $30,000 to $60,000" (Howard 2002 sus- ! quent LEED projects. Traditionally, first LEED tunately, as more design teams and consultant ~ gain E of projects tend to have a large fraction of an experience, their fees for LEED documentaticn are ~tes organization's green building program start-up and decreasing. )03. ~ training costs ascribed to them. For example, the cost of developing a waste management plan, find- This paper is intended to help public-sector oi ~ners ;ted ing a list of acceptable low-VOC finishes, or estab- and project managers move more quickly fro~ n the ling lishing appropriate'contract documents is far lower costly green building start-up phase to the more an- for second and third LEED projects. A clear illus- stable and economically viable phase. The ne~ t sec- ~nd tration of this cost trend is the experience of the tion lists a few of the high-level factors that il ~flate ~av- City of Seattle. ' costs; the following section describes several ways to address them. Seattle data stiow that the average incremental cost ap- to meet LEED Silver across all municipal projects COMMOI~ COST INFLATOItS lue is 1.7% (Athens 2002), and that the incremental cost tot of LEED decreased over time. Moreover, many cur- I,ack of a Clear Green Design (~o-' ;ial rent Silver projects are showing no incremental ~en "green" cost. Figure I shows that cost premiums for The sooner a clear and comprehensive green design ~er achieving LEED Silver are declining for both large goal can be established for the project, the ]~ etter. to projects (over $10 million) and small projects (un- Ideally, it should be set before releasing the iaitial der $10 million). This trend is one indication of the design request for qualifications (RFQ) and re ~tuest decreasing cost of green building resulting from the for proposals (RFP). If key decision makers a]e un- increased experience of project teams, comfortable with an early commitment to asr ecific LEED goal, a preliminary goal should be set ] n the initial contract. This goal should be revisite~ at a designated time--generally toward the end of ~che- matic design after the i'~rst complete cost esti: hate. 7% 6.0 6% Mid-Stream Attempts to Incorporate 5% · Small Projects Gree~ 4% 4.0 ~ Large Projects In some cases, the decision to pursue LEED c~,~rtifi- cation is made midway though project desigr. The 3°/° 2.3 result is almost inevitably increased cost due to re- 2% design and associated change orders. Howeve r, de- ~°/o 0.9 spite the associated cost increases; even project that o.~ o.o move to pursue LEED during late stages will gain O% 2000 200~ 20o3 from reduced operating costs and other asso(iated environmental and human health benefits. Figure I. Trend in incremental cost for meeting LEED As an example, the decision to construct the ~ity of Silver in Seattle over 4years (data not San Jose's West Valley Library using the ,EED available for 2002) Certified standard was made just after comp] eting the 50% construction documents. In an anal~ sis of Project costs KEMA Xenergy found the addi~ ionai 2003- The Pittsburgh Papers AI-FACHM FN F 4 Green-Building Benefits o~. 8, 2oo~ Outstrip Extra Costs By SHEZLA ~VIUTO Special to RealEstateJoumal.com '-,. .... It still costs more to construct green buildings, but the financial benefits of green-building design are more than 10 times the average )st premium, according to a report commissioned by a California government task force. A few years ago, California's State and Consumer Services Agency established the Sustainable Building Task Force, a group comprised representatives from more than 40 California state-government agencies,''\ as part of its charge to implemen~ an executive order iss0ed Gray Davis in 2000 that established sustainable -- or green -- building as a primary goal for state const~[~c~-id~ p~ro~ects. The order souc~ fft'~ create state facilities "that are models of energy, water and materials efficiency; while providing' healthy, productive and comfortable indoor e~vironments and long-term benefits to Californians." The taskforce commissioned this $100,000 repod: to assess the costs and financial benefits of onstructing green buildings in California. "Whenever there's talk about sustainable or green building, the guys with the green eyeshades -- the budget types -- even in the priv~ :e sector all wonder what it costs," says Arnie SoweH, undersecretary of the State and COnSumer Services Agency, who serves on the taskforce. "O~r state Department of Finance was concerned specifically about that, and this deport now tells them that as long as we get things done early o 1 in the process, they can make very sound investments in energy and water efficiency and improved air quality and know that ... there will be a true cost savings on the operation and maintenance side. What may have surprised folks is just how minimal the initial upfront investment need:; to be before it pays off." Based on a review of the construction costs of 33 green buildings in the U.S. including Ash Creek Intermediate School in Independence Ore., and the Botanical Garden Administration office building in Queens, N.Y., and factoring in the cost of energy, water and waste disposal among ol her things in California, the report found that it costs nearly 2% more on average -- or $3 to $5 a square foot -- to construct a green building than one using conventional methods, but that cost premium yields savings of more than 10 times the initial investment -- or $50 to $75 a square foo: -- during the life of a building, conservatively assumed to be 20 years. The cost of conventional commercial construction in California was estimated at $150 to $250 per square foot. "There's a five-year lag between reality and perception," says Greg Kats, the report's principal author and a principal at Capital E LLC, ~ Washington, D.C.-based consulting firm that advises clients on clean energy and green buildings. "Five years ago, green buildings were unusual, exl~ensive and it was unclear what the benefits were" and cost anywhere from a 5% to 15% cost premium for green buildings, he says. "Now, materials and design processes have become standardized, and more people know how to do it." Released late last week, tl~e report also found -- as expected -- that an integrated design and commissioning process was the most co.' t'effective. "If you take a conventional building and add piecemeal green technologies or design strategies, you end up with a substantially more exp~:nsive building," says Hr. Kats. "The more expensive green buildings are those that had late change orders." The report concludes that constructing green buildings to th~ "gold" level -- the third highest designation -- set by the U.S. Green Buil¢ lng Council that certifies buildings as green under its three-year-old Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, or LEED, program makes the most financial sense. The council, a Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit association of architects, planners, researchers and other green-building exper :s, evaluates buildings by assigning points based on their location, building materials, water usage, energy peri=orma~ce, design innovations and ind,)or environmental quality. The points determine the level of LEED certification: basic certification, silver, gold and platinum. While the California report cites several studies that indicate increased productivity and health gains for those who work or learn in green buildings, it fails to evaluate the performance and health issues at the 33 buildings surveyed. That's what Roger Platt, a senior vice president at the Real Estate Roundtable, a Washington, D.C., lobbying group, who served as an dviser to the authors of the report, wanted to see. "If you're a developer, you want brokers to have something to say about your buildings. It's gre~ ~ to say that corporations in your building are more likely to have greater productivity from workers and fewer sick days," he says. "That's where a ot more [research] work needs to be done." "What makes a lot of sense for government and what it does with its money doesn't totally carry over for what inve~ors that have to ~ nswer to shareholders and banks and whatnot find as the best thing to do with their money," adds Hr. Platt. Still, if the federal and state goverr ments "lead by example with green-building practices, it has a positive effect in creating economies of scale for manufacturers of green-building pn ~ducts. That's ATTACHMENT And the state's Mr. Sowell expects that will remain. Even a potential administration change in California's state capital as voters went to the polls yesterday to decide whether to recall Gov. Davis will have little impact on the state's green-building efforts, he says. This report "proves that making investments in green-building practices is good for the bottom line. No matter what administration is in place, reducing our operating an maintenance costs in relation to the buildings we build is significant." -- Ms. Muto is a national real-estate writer for The Wall Street Journal. Her "Bricks & Mortar'' column appears each Wednesday exclusivi / on RealEstateJournal. She is based in the Journal's San Francisco bureau. ATTACHMENT 6 ORDINANCE NO. AN ORDINANCE OF THE DUBLIN CITY COUNCIL AMENDING THE MUNICIPAL CODE BY ADDING A NEW CHAPTEI MANDATING GREEN BUILDING PRACTICES FOR CITY PROJECTS The City Council does hereby enact this ORDINANCE No. in full as follows: SECTION I: ENACTMENT The Municipal Code is hereby amended by adding Chapter __, which shall read as follows: CHAPTER . GREEN BUILDING PRACTICES SECTION 1. FINDINGS, 1. The City Council of the City of Dublin hereby finds and declares that: A. The design, construction, maintenance, and demolition of buildings and structu within the City can have a significant impact on the City's environmental sustainability, resom ce usage and efficiency, waste management, and the health and productivity of residents, workers, and visitors. B. "Green" building design, construction, and operation can have a signific: ,nt positive effect on energy and resource efficiency, waste and pollution generation, and the heal th and productivity of a building's occupants over the life of the building. C. Green building benefits are spread throughout the systems and features of he building. Building "green" can include, among other things, the use of certified sustaina ,le wood products; aggressive use of high recycled content products; recycling of waste that ocm [rs during deconstruction, demolition, and construction; enhancement of indoor air quality ~y selection and use of construction materials that do not have chemical emissions that are toxic or irritating to building occupants; modification of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems to provide energy efficiency and improved indoor air; use of water conserving methc ds and equipment; and installation of alternative energy methods for supplemental energy production. D. The U.S. Green Building Council, developer of the Leadership in Energy a tel Environmental Design (LEEDTM) Commercial Green Building Rating System and LEEDm Reference Guide, has become a leader in promoting and guiding green building. 1 ATTACHM;: ~iT 7 E. Requiring certain City projects to incorporate LEEDTM green building measures is necessary and appropriate to achieve the benefits of green building. F. Green design, construction, and operation decisions made by the City in fie construction and remodeling of City buildings result in environmental benefits and cost savings to the City over the life of the buildings. By calling on the City to include green buildihg measures in its own facilities, the City Council provides taxpayers a benefit through environmentally friendly, cheaper to operate buildings and simultaneously helps to develap markets for recycled, recyclable, and environmentally sound materials. G. It is critical to both the economic and environmental health of the City that he City provides leadership to both the private and public sectors in the arena of energy efficie~: cy and "green" construction. The most immediate and meaningful way to do this is to include energy efficiency and green building elements in as many public buildings as feasible. H. It is in the public interest to address the appropriateness of mandating gr¢ ~n building requirements for private projects separately from, and subsequent to, applying such requirements to City Projects. Accordingly, unless and until the City Council determir.es otherwise, the provisions of this Chapter shall not apply to private sector development. SECTION 2. DEFINITIONS A. "Green Building Practices" means a whole-systems approach to the design, construction, and operation of Buildings and Structures that helps mitigate thc environmenlal, economic, and social impacts of construction, demolition, and renovation. Green Building Practices such as those described in the LEEDT~t Rating System, recognize the relationshi"p between natural and built environments and seek to m~mm~ze the use of energy, water, and other natural resources and provide a healthy, productive environment. B. "Building" means any Structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering a nY use or occupancy as defined in the Dublin Building Code. C. "Structure" means that which is built or constructed, an edifice or building oft ny kind or any piece of work artificially built or composed of parts joined together in some definite manner and permanently attached to the ground. D. "City Project" or "Project" means new Construction or Renovation primar ly funded or sponsored by the City, conducted on City-owned property, or managed by City personnel from design through construction. "City Project" or "Project" shall also include any Buildings constructed for the City's use under a build-to-suit program or project. Traditio~tal Public Works Projects and Parks Projects are not considered "City Projects" for the purpose of this Chapter. E. "Construction" means the building of any Building or Structure or any porn ~n thereof. 2 F. "Renovation" means' (1) a structural change to the foUndation, roOf, flOor, or exterior of load-beating walls of a facility, or the extension of an existing facility to increase it floor area; or (2) alteration of an existing facility, such as to significantly change its function, even if such renovation does not include any structural change to the facility. G. "Initiated" means officially identified and fully funded to offset all the co :ts associated with the project as found on the City Capital Improvement Plan. H. "Conditioned Space"..means an enclosed space in a building that is provided w [th a m~chanical heating/cooling system as defined in the Dublin Building Code. I. "Estimated Cost of Construction" means the total projected cost of completin a proposed Project, including fees, design, construction and land. J. "LEED Accredited ProfessionaFM'' means an experienced building indus ry practitioner who has demonstrated his/her knowledge of integrated design and hiS/her capacity to facilitate the LEEDTM certification process on the LEEDTM Professional Accreditation exam: ~I he exam, administered by the U.S. Green Building Council, tests an individual's understanding of green building practices and principles, and familiarity with LEEDTM requirements, resourc ~s, and processes. K. "LEED Rating System~m'' means the most recent version of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEEDTM) Commercial Green Building Rating SystemTM, or other related LEEDTM Rating System, approved by the U.S. Green Building Council, as applicable to the Project. L. "Traditional Public Works Projects" means heavy construction projects, such as pump statiOns, flood control improvements, roads, bridges, as well as traffic lights, sidewall cs, bike paths and associated infrastructure on City-owned and maintained property. M. "Parks and Recreation Projects'' means landscape construction projects, such as sports facilities, play grounds, trails, as well as sports lighting, parking, restrooms and associal ed infrastructure on City-owned and maintained property. N. "The Green Building Compliance Official" means the person who is authori2ed and responsible for enforcing this Chapter for any given City project, as designated by the C[ty Manager. SECTION 3. MANDATORY GREEN BUILDING PRACTICES A. City Projects: All City Projects initiated on or after with the Estimated Cost of Construction of $3,000,000 or greater, shall meet: OPtion 1' LEEDTM "Certified" rating under the LEEDTM Rating System , or a Cit approved equivalent · OPtion 2: LEEDTM "Silver" rating under the LEEDTM Rating System, or a City-approv ~,d equivalent OPtion 3: a minimum LEEDTM "Certified" rating, and strive for LEEDTM "Silver" rati ag under the LEEDTM Rating System, or a City-approved equivalent. 3 All projects following the LEED rating system shall be registered and certified by the U.S. Gre ~n Building Council. The Green Building Compliance Official or his/her designee shall undertake such registratiOn and application for certification. B. All City Projects initiated on or after with the Estimated Cost of Construction of $3,000,000 or less shall be designed and constructed using as 'many green practices as appropriate to the.project as specified in the Operational Guidelines. These Projects shall not be required to be registered and. certified by the U.S. Green Building Council. The Green Buildiag Compliance Official or his/her designee shall be responsible for verifying the appropriate green building components. C. Traditional Public Works and Parks Projects: The Green Building Compliance Official sh dl promptly undertake research to identify suitable mechanisms for applying Green Buildir~g · . . 12 Practices to Traditional Public Works and Parks and Recreatmn Projects. Within twelve (1) months of the effective date of this ordinance, the Green Building Comphance Official st~all submit proposed Operational Guidelines to the City Council requiting the application_i of approPriate Green Building Practices to Traditional Public Works and Parks and Recreatiion Projects.. D. Exemptions: If a City Project has unique circumstances that make compliance with t is Chapter infeasible, the Green Building Compliance Official may grant an exemption as set forth in the Operational Guidelines. SECTION 4. STANDARDS FOR COMPLIANCE A. The Green Building Compliance Official shall be responsible for the development ad maintenance of Operational Guidelines, which contain specifications necessary or appropriate to achieve compliance with the Green Building Practices stated in this Chapter. The Operatio~tal Guidelines shall be proposed [or promulgated] after securing and reviewing comments frr,m affected City Departments. B. The Operational Guidelines proposed [or promulgated] by the Green Buildiag Compliance Official under this section shall provide for at least the followingI 1. Criteria to escalate or lower the $3,000,000 threshold contained in tiffs Chapter; 2. The incorporation of the Green Building Practices of this Chapter into he appropriate design and construction contract documents prepared for he applicable City Projects and Traditional Public Works and Parks Projects; 3. Guidelines specifying how contractor bids or responses to Requests~"'°r Proposals must indicate plans for meeting all applicable LEEDTM or Traditional Public Works Parks and Recreation Green Building criteria required under tpis Chapter. All projects following the LEED rating system shall be required to h~ve a LEEDTM Accredited Professional on the Project team; 4. Guidelines specifying how green and sustainable practices and produ :ts will be incorporated in the operation and maintenance of City projects. 5. Guidelines specifying how the Green Building Compliance Official x~ill administer and monitor compliance with the Green Building Practices set forthi in this Chapter and with any rules or regulations promulgated thereunder, and make recommendations to the City Council concerning the granting of waivers or. exemptions from the requirements of this Chapter, including Certification of City Projects. SECTION 5. UNUSUAL CIRCUMSTANCES Compliance with the provisions of this Chapter may be waived in unusual circumstam es where the City Council has, by resolution, found and determined that the public interest wo~tld not be served by complying with such provisions. SECTION II: SEVERABILITY If any chapter, section, subsection, subdivision, paragraph, sentence, clause or phrase of this Ordinance, or any part thereof, is for any reason held to be unconstitutional, invalid, or ineffectiVe by any court of competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validityI, or effectiveness of the remaining portions of this Ordinance or any part thereof. The City Couti~cil hereby declares that it would have passed each chapter, section, subsection, subdiwsl?n, paragraph, sentence, clause, and phrase of this Ordinance irrespective of the fact that one or more chapters, sections, subsections, subdivisions, paragraphs, sentences, clauses, or phrases be declared unconstitutional, invalid, or effective. To this end, the provisions of this Ordinance tre declared to be severable. SECTION 1II: EFFECTIVE DATE This ordinance shall take effect and be in force thirty (30) days from and after the date f passage. SECTION IV: NOTICE [City to insert its standard Notice provision.] Adopted by the City Council of the City of Dublin, State of California, on the day of ,2004, by the following vote: AYES: 5 NOES: EXCUSED: ABSTAIN: ATTEST: , Clerk City Council F:\GARBAGE\Green Building~Draft Dublin GBO 12.17.031 idoc