HomeMy WebLinkAboutItem 8.3 Parks Service Pricing PolicyG~~~ OF Dp~~y
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'`~~~~~ STAFF REPORT C I T Y C L E R K
``~~ ~ DUBLIN CITY COUNCIL File #
~LIFOR~ ~~~~_~~
DATE: September 21, 2010
TO: Honorable Mayor and City Councilmembers
FROM: Joni Pattillo, City Manager
SUBJECT: Parks and Community Services Pricing Policy
Prepared By: Paul McCreary, Assistant Director of Parks and Community Services
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
The City Council will receive a report on the proposed pricing policy for programs and services
conducted by the Parks and Community Services Department.
FINANCIAL IMPACT:
It is unknown at this time how much additional revenue could be generated annually if this
policy is adopted by the City Council. The policy would be implemented as part of the Fiscal
Year 2011-2012 budget preparation at which time the estimated increase in revenue would be
determined.
RECOMMENDATION:
It is Staff's recommendation that the City Council adopt the proposed Pricing Policy or provide
alternate direction to Staff.
,~ ~~,~
Submitted by:
Parks and Community Services Director
Reviewed by:
Assistant City Manager
Page 1 of 6 ITEM NO. g~.?J'
BACKGROUND:
In November 2008 the City Council adopted the Parks and Community Services Strategic Plan.
This long range planning document identified seven strategies to focus on over the next ten
years. One of the strategic goals (#4fl is to develop a cost recovery policy. This is also a City
Council high priority objective (Goal III.A.1) for this fiscal year. The purpose of the policy is to:
• Formalize the structure for calculating fees charged for Department services
• Establish cost recovery levels with a clearer connection between core service values, the
population served and the level of community benefit
• Promote the best investment of General Fund resources
• Provide a system for tracking the financial performance and identif in
generating the designated minimum cost recovery y 9 programs not
Attachment 1 is the proposed Pricing Policy. The proposed Pricing Policy is based on best
practices used by other municipalities and recommendations from continuing education experts
on establishing prices for community education and recreational activities. The following is an
overview of the draft policy.
Due to the economic recession the City has experienced a significant decrease in revenues
from property tax, sales tax and interest earnings, as well as takeaways by the State of
California. Prior to the decrease in these revenues the City was able to absorb most of the
indirect costs of providing recreational services. However it has been estimated the City may
face multi-million dollar deficits for several years.
In order to have the least impact on services and achieve a structurally balanced budget, one
strategy is to develop a Pricing Policy to increase cost recovery for services generally provided
to specific populations. This Pricing Policy will provide guidance for annual adjustments to
service fees. It will identify what services should recover 100% of the total cost (direct and
indirect costs) of providing a service, and objective criteria for pricing services at lower levels.
Establishing a Pricing Policy will allow the City of Dublin to continue to provide high-quality
services in a financially sustainable manner. It will promote the best investment of General
Fund resources to maximize the benefits of services to the greatest number of Dublin residents,
and focus on initiatives or populations of priority to the City. The policy will continue to value
preferential access and fee discounts to Dublin residents.
OVERVIEW OF THE PRICING AND COST RECOVERY MODEL
The Policy establishes guidance for Staff to have the flexibility to adjust fees to maximize
revenue and differentiate pricing in response to fluctuations in the market or demand. It will
also provide the ability to package programs and provide discounts to increase participation
and/or promote new programs. The Policy is based on the "Parks and Community Services
Cost Recovery and Pricing Model" depicted in Figure 1 on the following page.
Page 2 of 6
FIGURE 1- PARKS AND COMMUNlTY SERVICES C~ST RECOVERY RfUt~ PRlC1NG MODEL
DETERMINE:
Costs
Service Ualues
Markei Conditions
Demand
General Fund Capacity
DETERMINE ~
MODIFICATIONS: ----
Reduce Costs SET COST RECOVERY
Reduce Recovery Target TARGETS
Eliminate Program
__._._ SET
Fee too high? PRICtNG
~ IMPLEMENT
Unsuccessfu!? PRICtNG
EVAWATE IF:
Cosr Can Be Reduced
Recovery Con Belncreased
Determinina Costs
Direct costs by nature are usually easy to identify and relate to a specific service. However this
is not the case for indirect costs. This policy will help to determine the total cost of providing a
specific service by developing a system for allocating indirect costs to direct program costs.
Direct costs are those solely associated with a particular service, such as After School
Recreation, Swim Lessons, Adult Basketball Leagues, or the First Saturday events at the
Heritage Center. Indirect costs are not identified with one particular service and are typically
incurred for a joint purpose that benefits more than one service within the Department. The
total cost of a service is the sum of the following direct and indirect costs.
Direct Service Costs
~ The fixed and variable costs necessary to operate a specific program
• Includes seasonal part time staff, supplies, equipment, and contracted services
lndirect Program Coordination Costs
• The fixed resources for the service area (i.e. Sports, Family Services, Preschool,
Teens, Heritage and Cultural Arts, etc.) that do not vary with program participation
• lncludes permanent staffing for customer service; program oversight by Coordinators,
Supervisors, and Managers; and, other overhead supplies and services
lndirect Department Administrative Costs
• The share of the Department's executive management support
• This includes permanent staffing, techno%
gy, printing, advertising, intemal service
funds, credit card processing, etc.
lndirect Facility Overhead Costs
• The day-to-day costs to keep the facility open and provide facility supervision, as well
as on-going maintenance, repairs and equipment replacement.
• lncludes facility attendants, supplies, utilities, contracted services, and repairs and
maintenance
Page 3 of 6
Determinina Service Values
In order to maximize available General Fund resources to the greatest number of residents, the
prioritization of how much of the total costs each service must recover is based on the:
• Type of service
• Target population
• Level of community benefit and participation
• Availability of alternative providers
These criteria will be used by Staff to assign each Department service to one of three priority
groups. These categories are used to set the minimum cost recovery rate for each activity.
The following describes in more detail the criteria Staff will use to categorize services into the
three priority levels.
Priority 1- Core/Essential Services (Minimum Cost Recovery Rate: 0%)
Priority 1 services have the lowest level of cost recovery and include activities that provide
larger community benefit and can be accessed by the broadest cross section of the population.
The public expects the City to provide these services and they are usually not provided by
others. These services may be provided to a targeted population and/or be essential to the
health, safety or livability of the community. Residents would consider these program subsidies
a sound investment of public funds. Programs that may fit this category include some
community events or senior services.
Priority 2- Important Services (Minimum Cost Recovery Rate: 30%)
Priority 2 services have mid-range cost recovery targets and include activities that provide some
community benefit as well as individual or group benefit, and serve a significant number of
residents. These programs service the needs of youth or seniors. The services may expand or
enhance health and safety, or contribute to economic and community vitality. Although there
may be other providers of these services, they can't provide residents with the same level of
accessibility, efficiency or effectiveness as the City's services. Important services may include
after school programs, preschool classes, swimming lessons, or the St. Patrick's Day
Celebration.
Priority 3- Discretionary Services (Minimum Cost Recovery Rate: 60%)
Priority 3 services are discretionary and have the highest level of cost recovery. These activities
serve a moderate number of residents, providing benefit to the individual or group, and minimal
benefit to the greater community. They are typically specialized, and may be provided by the
private sector or other agencies with the same level of accessibility, efficiency and effectiveness
as the City's programs. These services are nice to have when additional funding is available.
The public may not typically expect the City to provide these services, which may provide value
beyond what is expected of the City. Examples of Priority 3 services include contracted
specialty classes and camps, letters from Santa, concert series or adult sports leagues.
Settina Cost Recoverv Tarpets and Establishinp Pri~es
With the total costs identified and each activity categorized into a service riorit
price is set for each activity. As noted each riori p Y group, then the
Staff will also set a"target cost recovery rate" whichumay be higherubasedt oncthe mrate".
analysis. When setting the price to be within the cost recovery range identified for the p iority
level of the service, Staff will need to evaluate the fees charged by others and the demand for
the activity to determine the feasibility of the proposed price.
Page 4 of 6
If the price is too high compared to the market and there is little demand for the program, Staff
will need to take one or more of the following actions:
• Evaluate the feasibility of reducing costs
• Provide a justification to the Department Administration for reducing the fee
• Propose elimination of the activity the Department Administration
If applying the Pricing Policy to an existing program will result in a significant fee increase in one
year, Staff could also consider implementing the fee increase over a two or three year period.
When conducting the market analysis, if the target price is below the market average, Staff
should consider increasing the price to improve cost recove
activity has high demand Staff should also determine if th myarketllwill bear a~feeeincrease to
improve cost recovery.
Annually, Staff will present the proposed pricing to the Heritage and Cultural Arts Commission
and the Parks and Community Services Commission for a
adopted Resolutions that gave the responsibility for ado tin proval. Past City Councils have
Community Services Commission (Resolution #50-93) and the Her t ges ndt Cutural Arts
Commission (Resolution #75-06) for programs under their respective purviews. During the ear
the Parks and Community Services Director can adjust fees as long as cost-recovery ran es
and target rates are maintained. This will allow for Staff to respond to fluctuations in the ma ket
and demand, and provide the flexibility to package programs to increase participation and/or
promote new programs. Any mid-year fee increase exceeding 10.0 percent will require the
approval of the respective Commission.
OTHER PRICING CONSIDERATIONS
Non-Resident Rates
Historically fees charged for non-residents compared to Dublin residents have been 15% more
for programs, and 20% for facility rentals. Under the new Pricing Policy fees for non-resident
programs will increase from 15% to 20% to be consistent with facility rentals.
Following adoption of the Pricing Policy, Staff will update the City's promotional materials to re-
package how these fee differentials are resented.
surcharge" the differential will be featured as a"resident discount".t Thisbs a more nositesident
of marketing the concept. p ve way
Discounts and Variable Pricin
As noted there will be situations when it is desirable to adjust the approved fee for a pro ram.
The Parks and Community Services Director is authorized to offer reduced fees su h a
introductory rates, family discounts and coupon discounts, or non prime-time pricin on a il S
basis (not to exceed 18 months) to promote new recreation programs or resurrect exs tin oneot
Other potential pricing strategies could include early registration discounts, in which the gurres
price would be the early price, and the fee for regular registration would be higher. Packa nt
discounts would lower the fee for customers that register for a group of classes. Staff will ge
required to review the financial feasibility of variable ricin strate ies before bein a be
the Parks and Community Services Director. p g g J pproved by
Page 5 of 6
GUIDELINES FOR CHANGING PRICES
The Learning Resources Network (LERN) is an international association of people who
coordinate lifelong learning classes and recreation programs. The organization has over 40
years of research on best practices, and in particular has done extensive research on consumer
response to pricing strategies.
LERN has determined the psychological price breaks for community classes and pro rams.
These are the points at which if the City raises the fee beyond a price point (listed below
registration will decrease by an amount more than proportional to the price increase. Basicall
the market grows accustomed to y
Additionally the perception of the pncel aff ctse henpr~i e~po nt~r For ertain type of program.
above $0.99 will cause demand to fall because people perceive $1.00 saa significant~ly h p hee
price. This is sometimes referred to as "odd-number" ricin Accordin to LERN ricin g
for community education and recreation are as followsp g g p 9 points
$10Q '
$50
$200
$4,000
When raising fees Staff should consider where the existing fee is in relation to the price breaks
and try to stay under the price break if possible.
LERN also recommends trying to change only one digit of the price and making it end in a"5" or
"9". For example if the price of an existing activity is $50, Staff could lower the fee to $49 to
stay under the price break, end the price in a"9" and only change one digit. Alternatively, Staff
could raise the price to $55 or $59 and meet the guidelines recommended by LERN.
SUMMARY
Staff presented the draft Pricing Policy to the Parks and Community Services Commission, the
Heritage and Cultural Arts Commission and the Senior Center Advisory Committee to arner
input. All three groups supported the policy as presented. Recurring comments from the
Commissioners and Committee Members included that the policy was needed, well thou ht out
and would position the Department to be more entrepreneurial. g
If adopted by the City Council, Staff will work on the implementation of the policy as part of the
Fiscal Year 2011-2012 budget preparation process.
NOTICING REQUIREMENTS/PUBLIC OUTREACH:
A copy of the Staff Report was distributed to the Heritage and Cultural Arts Commission Park
,
and Community Services Commission, and Senior Center Advisory Committee. S
ATTACHMENTS: 1. Proposed Pricing Policy
Page 6 of 6
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CITY OF
DUBLIN
PARKS & COMMIJNiTY SERVICES
PRICIN~ PCJLI~Y
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The City of Dublin promotes and supports a high quality of life
which ensures a safe and secure environment that fosters new
opportunities.
ATTACHMENT 1
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CITY OF
DUBLIN
Parks and Community Services Pricing Policy
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Tim Sbranti, Mayor
Kasie Hildenbrand, Vice Mayor
Don Biddle
Kevin Hart
Kate Ann Scholz
Steve Jones, Chairperson
Rich Guarienti, Vice Chairperson
Alan Elias
Angela Muetterties
Anthony Totaro
Matthew Reinemann, Student Commissioner
Joni Pattillo, City Manager
Chris Foss, Assistant City Manager
Steve Minniear, Chairperson
Sonal Nuckols, Vice Chairperson
Anita Carr
Kim Halket
Connie Mack
Dayna Tutino
Georgean Vonheeder Leopold
Diane Lowart, Parks and Community Services Director
Paul McCreary, Assistant Director of Parks and Community Services
Herma Lichtenstein, Parks and Facilities Development Manager
John Hartnett, Heritage and Cultural Arts Manager
Written by~ Paul McCreary, Assistant Director of Parks and Community~ Serti~ices
B~sec~ or! polie~ies establislier~ l~~y t~~e eities of Davis, Moi~i~tai~~ View, Scrs~ Lir~is Dbis}~o anct
San Mateo
CITY OF
DUBLIN
3~~ ~-~
Parks and tommunity Services Pricing Policy
~ i~~t~~~ t:~~ ~ tFt~~~~~~~
OVERVIEW .......................
........
......
Purpose of the Policy ......................
................................................................................. 2
.
.......................................................................................3
Summary of Cost Recovery and Pricing Model .......
................................................................3
DETERMINING PROGRAM COSTS ..... .
Direct and Indirect Program Costs ... .................................
.............................................. 5
.....
Direct Sen~ice Costs ............. ..................................................................................5
............................
....................................................................5
Indirect Program Coordination Costs ...
Indirect Departrrtent Administrati ...............................................................................5
C
Indirect Facilit~ Overhead Costs ... ve
osts ......................................................................... 5
.......
Allocating Indirect Costs .......... .................................................................
............... 5
...... .......................................................................................5
SETTING COST REC~VERY TARGETS .. ..
Calculating Cost Recovery Rate ......... ......
........................................
.....
$
Prioritizing Service Values .......... ..............
................................................................... 8
.......
Priority 1- Core/Essential Services ......................................................................................8
.
Priority 2 - Important Services ...... .....................................................................................8
.
Priority 3 - Discretionary Services ... ......................................................................................9
.....
................................................................................9
SETTING PRICES...........,
.......
..............
Establishing Proposed Prices ........... .............
......................................... ............].0
...........
..
Non-Resident Rates .............. ...................................................................................10
.............
Discounts and Variable Pricing ........... ...................................................................................10
.......
uidelines for Changing Prices .......... .....................................................................:. 11
.....
...
................................................................................12
Page ~1
~l ~ ~
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c'T" °F Parks and Community Services Pricing Policy
DUBLIN
mmunit Services
Pa rks ~ ~o y
Pricin Polic~/
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OVERVIEW
Due to the economic recession the City has experienced a significant decrease in revenues from property
tax, sales tax and interest earnings, as well as takeaways by the State of California. In the past these
revenues allowed the City absorb most of the indirect costs of providing recreational services. However it
has been estimated the City will face multi-million dollar deficits for several years. The City Council has
already approved millions in prudent budget reductions to bridge the gap, and if revenues do not increase
significantly the City's General Fund-supported services may be subject to greater reductions.
In order to have the least impact on services and achieve a structurally balanced budget one strategy is to
develop a Pricing Policy to increase cost recovery for services generally provided to specific populations.
This Pricing Policy will provide guidance for annual adjustments to service fees. It will identify what services
should recover 100% of the total cost (direct and indirect costs) of providing a service, and objective criteria
for pricing services at lower levels.
If a user-fee activity is not completely cost recovered, a General Fund operating subsidy is necessary. There
are reasons for subsidies, such as activities that provide a greater community benefit. The level of cost
recovery should consider the community-wide versus specia~VS ~elservi cesr while u erogees aoe appropriatee
use of General Fund revenues is appropriate for community
for services that are of special benefit to easily identified individuals or groups. Additional reasons to
subsidize services include the desire of the City to target a specific population or activity, as well as for
promotion and marketing benefits.
Establishing a Pricing Policy will allow the City of Dublin to continue to provide high-quality programs in a
financially sustainable manner. It will maximize the benefits of programs to the greatest number of Dublin
residents, and focus on initiatives or populations of priority to the City. The policy will continue to value
preferential access and fee discounts to Dublin residents.
Page ~2
4~3~i g,
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CITY OF
DUBLIN
Parks and Community Services Pricing Policy
The Parks and Community Services Strategic Plan identified a strategic goal (#4f) to develop a pricing policy.
This will establish cost recovery levels and goals for programs and accomplish the following:
• Formalize the structure for calculating fees
• Establish cost recovery levels with a clearer connection between core service values, the population
served and the level of community benefit
• Promote the best investment of General Fund resources
• Provide a system for tracking the financial performance and identif in
the designated minimum cost recovery Y g programs not generating
The Pricing Policy is based on best practices used by other municipalities and recommendations from
continuing education experts on program pricing. The Policy establishes guidance for Staff to have the
flexibility to adjust fees to maximize revenue and differentiate pricing in response to fluctuations in the
market or demand. It will also provide the ability to package programs and provide discounts to increase
participation and/or promote new programs. The Policy is based on the "Parks and Community Services
Cost Recovery and Pricing Model" depicted in Figure 1 below.
FIGURE 1- PARKS AND COt~9M(INITY SERVlCES C'tJST RECOVfRY AND PRlCING MODE1
DETERMINE:
Cosis
Service ~alues
Markei Condirions
Demand
Genera! Fund Capacity
DETERMINE
MODIFICATIONS:
Reduce Costs
Reduce Recovery Target
Eliminote Program
Fee too
SET COST RECOVERY
TARGETS
SET
PRICING
IMPLEMENT
PRICING
EVALUATE IF:
Cosr Can Be Reduced
Recovery Can Be Increosed
Page ~3
(~ ~~ 1~
c~n oF parks and Community Services Pricing Policy
DUBLIN
In recognition of the wide variety of service values and revenue generating potential of various activities,
Staff will assign each activity to one of three "service priority groups" based upon an assessment of service
and cost recovery values. Specific cost recovery thresholds will be established for each service priority
group and include both minimum and target levels of cost recovery. "Priority 1" activities will provide the
greatest community-wide benefit and will have lower cost recovery targets than "Priority 3" activities which
provide more of an individual or small group benefit, and therefore will have higher cost recovery
thresholds. Cost recovery for activities directed to adults should be relatively high. While cost recovery for
youth and senior activities should be relatively low. In those circumstances where services are similar to
those provided in the private sector, cost recovery levels should be higher.
Activities within each priority group will be reviewed and where appropriate may include specific
considerations that may supersede the cost recovery thresholds identified for the group. Considerations
could include market rates and demand, benchmarking to a specific competitor, the availability of
alternative providers, or collection of fees is not cost effective.
Both the Heritage and Cultural Arts Commission a a~ts Follow ng~the doption of the newoPricing Policy the
annually adopt a Master Fee Resolutions for prog
Commissions will still adopt annual Fee Resolutions. Howeee~'that no fee increasel may exceed 10%h the
authority to adjust program fees during the fiscal year; exc p
without the approval of the appropriate Commission. Additionally as part of the annual fee adoption
process, the Commissions will review the performance of each activity compared to the Pricing Policy and
make recommendations for adjustments to the Pricing Policy as deemed appropriate. The City Council
must approve any future changes to the adopted Pricing Policy.
Following the adoption of the Pricing Policy, strategies for achieving the target cost recovery rate will be
established by Staff for each program area. These strategies may include immediate or gradual action
depending upon the best interests of maintaining a strong program, achieving the target within a
reasonable time period and current market conditions.
Activities that do not meet the minimum cost recovery threshold will be reviewed by Staff to determine
whether it is feasible to reduce costs or if the cost recovery target can be adjusted. Otherwise Staff will
recommend eliminating the activity. For activities that exceed the cost recovery thresholds, Staff will
determine the feasibility of increasing the cost recovery target.
P a g e ~ 4
~~~e~
CITY OF
~UBLIN
7~~ ~~
Parks and Community Services Pricing Policy
DETERMINING PROGRAM COSTS
Direct costs by nature are usually easy to identify and relate to a specific service. However this is not the
case for indirect costs. This policy will help to determine the total cost of providing a specific service by
developing a system for allocating indirect costs to direct cost programs.
Direct costs are those solely associated with a particular service, such as After School Recreation, Swim
Lessons, Adult Basketball Leagues, or the First Saturday events at the Heritage Center. lndirect costs are
not identified with one particular service and are typically incurred for a joint purpose that benefits more
than one service within the Department. The total cost of a service is the sum of the following direct and
indirect costs.
Direct Serz~ice Co~.ts
• The fixed and variable costs necessary to operate a specific program
• Includes seasonal part time staff, supplies, equipment, and contracted services
Ir~rlirerl Pt~ogrr~ir~ Cot~rrlirr~fitic~u C~s~fs
• The fixed resources for the service area (i.e. Sports, Family Services, Preschool, Teens, Heritage
and Cultural Arts, etc.) that do not vary with program participation
• Includes permanent staffing for customer service; program oversight by Coordinators,
Supervisors, and Managers; and, other overhead supplies and services
l~rrlirect Depi~~-tfrrnfrt Arlrrrzrlistrc~tiz~e Costs
• The share of the Department's executive management support
• This includes permanent staffing, technology, printing, pdvertising, internal service funds, credit
card processing, etc.
L-rrlirect Fczc~ility Oz~e~•he~~d Costs
• The day-to-day costs to keep the facility open and provide facility supervision, as well as on-
going maintenance, repairs and equipment replacement.
• lncludes facility attendants, supplies, utilities, contracted services, and repairs and maintenance
Allocating Indirect Costs
Allocating indirect costs requires creating indirect cost rates or overhead rates for each of the cost areas
identified above. The indirect cost rate is simply the ratio between indirect and direct costs. By applying
the overall indirect cost rate to any specific direct cost program, the total cost of the program can be
determined. Following is an example using the Preschool Program.
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CITY OF Parks and Community Services Pricing Policy
DUBLIN
T'ABLE 1- FY 2010-2011 INDIPEt: L' OVERHEAD RATE FOR PRESCHOOL COORDINATION
Direct Preschool Service Costs (A) $220,318
Indirect Preschool Service Costs (B) $93,572
Indirect Preschool Overhead Rate (= B/ A) .••••••••••• 0.424716
Dividing the indirect service costs by the direct service costs calculates the indirect overhead rate for the
preschool division of the Department. In essence for every dollar of direct expenditures there is an
additional $0.42 in cost for indirect preschool program coordination.
In addition to the indirect program coordination costs, there are indirect department administration costs.
For Fiscal Year 2010-2011 the indirect department overhead rate is 0.182916 of a program's total direct
and indirect costs. Using the example above for preschool:
TABLE 2-~`Y 2010-2011 DFPAR~I'MENT AD~7INLS"~RAT~VE OVERHEAD IZATE FOIZ PRFSCHDf3L
Total Preschool Program Costs (A) ............................. $313,890
Indirect Department Admin Rate (B) .........................0.182916
Indirect Department Admin Costs (= A x B) ............... $57,416
Allocating indirect costs via an indirect cost rate assumes that all indirect costs are incurred proportionately
to the direct cost of the program. However, this may not be a reasonable assumption in all cases, as the
benefit received from certain types of support services may be more closely related to an indicator other
than cost, such as program length or perbased on an hou lyrate persquare foot of seeforlrooms u~sed by
allocates indirect facility overhead costs
multiple programs, or based on a per squarld Glen Act vity Center~.eF~ollown g showpthe calculat onsfoh the
preschool space in Shannon and the Emera
Facility Overhead Costs for preschool.
'lABLE 3- F]` 2010-2U11 F'ACLLITY OPERAT101~'S O VEIZHEAD CO5TS $39~250
Activity Center Direct/Indirect Costs (A) ...............................................
.......................................100%
Percent of Square Feet for Preschool (B).....•••••••••••••
Activity Center Facility Overhead Cost for Preschool (A x 8= C) ................. $39,250
$349,758
Shannon Center Direct/Indirect Costs (D) .................................................
Percent of Square Feet for Preschool (E) ...........................................................26%
, 91, 230
Shannon Center Fac-lity Overhead Cost for Preschool (D x E= F) ..............
................................. $130,480
Total Preschool Facility Overhead Costs (= C+ F)
Since the Preschool has exclusive use of these facilities 100% of these overhead costs are assigned to the
preschool program. If multiple programs were using a room, then an hourly overhead rate would be
assigned instead. The hourly overhead rate would be calculated by dividing the total overhead costs for a
room by the annual usable hours for the facility (i.e. daily from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.).
Page ~6
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CITY OF
DUBLIN
Parks ar~d Community Services Pricing Policy
Based on the above example the following is a summary of the total cost of the preschool program for
Fiscal Year 2010-2011:
Tf1 BLE 4-£Y 2010-20Z 1 TOTAL PRESCHOOL PROGRANI COSTS
Direct Preschool Program Costs ................................. $220,318
Indirect Preschool Coordination Costs ......................... $93,572
Indirect Department Administrative Costs .................. $57,416
Facility Overhead Costs .............................................. $130,483
Total Preschool Program Costs ............................... $501,789
This policy recognizes the principle that the cost of developing the information necessary to perform the
cost allocations should not exceed the benefits likely to be gained. Calculating hourly facility overhead
rates and the annual indirect cost rates is relatively easy using the EDEN finance and enterprise resource
planning (ERP) system and the CLASS facility booking system.
In a true cost accounting system, indirect costs would be calculated and allocated on an ongoing basis
throughout the fiscal year based on actual costs. However frequent updating in a municipality would not
serve any specific purpose such as price control in a manufacturing company, and would consume
significant staffing resources. Therefore the indirect cost rates will be prepared annually as part of the
budget preparation process.
Page ~7
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cirr oF
DuBr.iN
Parks and Community Services Pricing Policy
SETTING C~ST RECOVERY TARGETS
Once the total cost of a program has been identified there needs to be a method t hereven e collected for
level of cost recovery for eac h activi ty. To c a l c u l a t e t h e c o s t r e c o v e r y r a t e, d i v i d e t
a service by the tota l cost of providin g the service (including direct, indirect and facility overhead costs).
The following is an example using the preschool again.
lABLE 5- FY 2010-2017 PRESCHOOL PROGRAt~1 COST IZECOVERY RATE
Total Preschool Revenue (A) $403,530
............. $501,789
Total Preschool Program Costs (B)..•••••••••••••••••••••••••••
B .........................................
Cost Recovery Rate (= A/ ) gp~~
The cost recovery rate determines how much a e~ g om he Gene al Fund revenue (user fees, sponsorships,
grants, etc.) and how much subsidy will be need
In order to maximize available General Fund resources to the greatest number of residents, the
prioritization of subsidies is based on the:
. Type of service
. Target population
. Level of community benefit and participation
• Availability of alternative providers
These criteria will be used by Staff to assign each Department service to one of three priority groups. These
categories are used to set the minimum cost recovery rate and the targeted cost recovery rate for each
activity. The following describes in more detail the criteria Staff will use to categorize services into the
three priority levels.
Priority 1 - Core/Essential Services
Minimum Cost Recovery Rate: 0~
Priority 1 services have the lowest level of cost recovery and include activities that provide larger
community benefit and can be accessed by the broadest cross section of the population. The public
expects the City to provide these services and they are usually not provided by others. These services may
be provided to a targeted population and/or be essential to the health, safety or livability of the
community. Residents would consider these program subsidies a sound investment of public funds.
Programs that may fit this category include recreational swimming , Heritage Center tours or picnic area
rentals.
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Priority 2 - Important Services
Minimum Cost Recovery Rate: 30%
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Parks and Community Servites Pricing Policy
Priority 2 services have mid-range cost recovery targets and include activities that provide some community
benefit as well as individual or group benefit, and serve a significant number of residents. These programs
service the needs of youth or seniors. The services may expand or enhance health and safety, or contribute
to economic and community vitality. Although there may be other providers of these services, they can't
provide residents with the same level of accessibility, efficiency or effectiveness as the City's services.
Important services may include after school programs, preschool classes, swimming lessons, or the St.
Patrick's Day Celebration.
Priority 3 - Discretionary Services
Minimum Cost Recovery Rate: 60%
Priority 3 services are discretionary and have the highest level of cost recovery targets. These activities
serve a moderate number of residents, providing benefit to the individual or group, and minimal benefit to
the greater community. They are typically specialized, and may be provided by the private sector or other
agencies with the same level of accessibility, efficiency and effectiveness as the City's programs. These
services are nice to have when additional funding is available. The public may not typically expect the City
to provide these services, which may provide value beyond what is expected of the City. Examples of
Priority 3 services include contracted specialty classes and camps, letters from Santa, concert series or adult
sports leagues.
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SETTING PRICES
Parks and Community Services Pricing Policy
With the total costs identified and each activity categorized into a service priority group, Staff can then set
the price for each activity. As noted each priority group has a minimum cost recovery rate and a targeted
cost recovery rate. When setting the price to be within the cost recovery range identified for the priority
level of the service, Staff will need to evaluate the market rates and demand for the activity to determine
the feasibility of the proposed price. If the price is too highre of t e follow ng act oensand there is little
demand for the program, Staff will need to take one or mo
. Evaluate the feasibility of reducing costs
• Provide a justification to the Department Administration for reducing the fee
. Propose elimination of the activity the Department Administration
If applying the Pricing Policy to an existing program will result in a significant fee increase in one year, Staff
could also consider implementing the fee increase over a two or three year period.
When conducting the market analysis, if the target price is below the market average Staff should consider
increasing the price to improve cost recovery, yet still remain competitive. If an activity has high demand
Staff should also determine if the market will bear a fee increase to improve cost recovery.
Annually, Staff will present the proposed pricing to the Heritage and Cultural Arts Commission and Parks
and Community Services Commission for approval. During the year the Parks and Community Services
Director can set and adjust fees as long as cost-recovery ranges and target rates are maintained. This will
allow for Staff to respond to fluctuations in the market and demand, and provide the flexibility to package
programs to increase participation and/or promote new p~mrun t Service'sComm ssion rease exceeding
10.0 percent will require the approval of the Parks and Co Y
Historically fees charged for non-residents compared to Dublin residents havnon res dent programs will
programs, and 20% for facility rentals. Under the new Pricing Policy fees for
increase from 15°/o to 20% to be consistent with facility rentals. The Parks and Community Services Director
is authorized to reduce or eliminate non-resident fee differentials when it can be demonstrated that:
. The fee is reducing attendance and there are no appreciable expenditure savings from the reduced
attendance.
. It may be impractical or too costly to establish a system to identify and charge non-resident users.
For example, checking residency status for drop-in activities that do not require pre-registration,
such as Recreational Swimming, is impractical.
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Parks and Community Services Pricing Policy
Following adoption of the Pricing Policy, Staff will update the City's promotional materials to re-package
how these fee differentials are presented. Rather than being a"non-resident surcharge" the differential
will be featured as a"resident discount". This is a more positive way of marketing the concept.
The Learning Resources Network (LERN) is an international association of people who coordinate lifelong
learning classes and recreation programs. The organization has over 40 years of research on best practices,
and in particular has a wealth of knowledge regarding pricing and marketing. Staff has reviewed
information and training materials from LERN and has developed the variable pricing component of this
policy based on the best practices recommended by LERN.
As noted there will be situations when it is desirable to adjust the approved fee for a program. The Parks
and Community Services Director is authorized to offer reduced fees such as introductory rates, family
discounts and coupon discounts, or non prime-time pricing on a pilot basis (not to exceed 18 months) to
promote new recreation programs or resurrect existing ones. Other potential pricing strategies could
include early registration discounts, in which the current price would be the early price, and the fee for
regular registration would be higher. Package discounts would lower the fee for customers that register for
a group of classes.
It can be shown that targeted, short-term discounts, for certain programs may be effective at garnering
more participation. However Staff should be cautious about lowering prices permanently or across the
board as a way to increase registration. In a recession enrollments drop, but those who still register are
probably willing to pay the same or even higher prices because they need the class or service. Thus there
can be less risk in boosting prices than in lowering them. For example there is an activity with a registration
fee of $95 and 25 participants, and at that participation level the City nets $950 after paying direct
expenses. If the fee were lowered to $75 there would need to be seven (28%) more registrations for the
City to net the same amount. Alternatively if the price was raised to $125 then registrations could drop by
six (24%) and still have the same level of income and profitability. Table 6 outlines this concept.
TABLE b- COMPARISOt~' OF t'ROFITABIL(T}' AT L041'FR ANL1 HIGHF.R PRICING
CURRENT LOWER HIGHER
PRICE PRICE PRICE
Registration Fee $95 $75 $125
Number of Registrations 25 32 19
Revenue Collected $2,375 $2,400 $2,375
Contract Payment (60% of revenue) $1,425 $1,440 $1,425
Net to City $950 $960
$950
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DUBLIN Parks and Community Services Pricing Policy
Staff will be required to review the financial feasibility of variable pricing strategies before being approved
by the Parks and Community Services Director.
LERN has done extensive research on consumer response to pricing strategies. They have determined
psychological price breaks for community classes and programs. These are the points at which if the City
raises the fee beyond a price point, registration will decrease by an amount more than proportional to the
price increase. Basically the market grows accustomed to paying a certain amount for a certain type of
program. Additionally the perception of the price affects the price point. For example raising a price above
$0.99 will cause demand to fall because people perceive $1.00 as a significantly higher price. This is
sometimes referred to as "odd-number" pricing. According to LERN pricing points for community
education and recreation are as follows:
$1p $50 $300
$20 $~5 $400
$25 $gp $500
$30 $100 $1,000
$40 $150
$50 $200
When raising fees Staff should consider where the existing fee is in relation to the price breaks and try to
stay under the price break if possible. Additionally LERN recommends trying to change only one digit of the
price and making it end in a"5" or "9". For example if the price of an existing activity is $50, Staff could
lower the fee to $49 to stay under the price break, end the price in a"9" and only change one digit.
Alternatively, Staff could raise the price to $55 or $59 and meet the guidelines recommended by LERN.
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